GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society Technology and Industrial

Revolution

TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL

REVOLUTION

Abelong Windel
Barretto, Greatchen
Catausan,Rondel
Escozar, Allaine
Gubotia, Liezel
Maloloyon, Erica Mae
Ouano, Leslie
Rea, Kristelle
Tagle, Alyssa
Zarsaga,Luisito Jr.

College of Administration, Business, Hospitality and

Accountancy
Southern Luzon State University

For SLSU use only

GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society Technology and Industrial
Revolution

February 2020

For SLSU use only

GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Patent law is an exclusive area where it
gives the inventors the right to a specific
invention which they can sell or benefited
it. Also, it is part of an intellectual
property of a person or inventor.
Traditional patents protect any tangible
scientific inventions such as car engines,
heating coils or zipper but as time goes.
However, as overtime have been uses to
protect a broader variety of invention
such as coding algorithms, business
practices, or genetically modified
organisms.
In general, a patent can be granted if an
invention is:
●not a natural object or process;
●new;
●useful; and
● not obvious.
There are four VERNIER SCALE
types of www.Gaugehow-com.cdn.ampproject.org
inventions that qualify
protection. They are:
Process – Also called a method, is an
advanced approach of doing stuff.
Machine – A machine is a particular
object. It produces a function or creates a
result.
Manufacture – An item or tangible
object.
Composition of matter – The
combination of two or more chemical
compounds. A composition may be the
result of chemically combined substances
or a mixture.
16th century was a time of unprecedented
change that saw the very beginning of the
modern era of science that leads to the
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Technology and Industrial
discovery and inventions of several
devices that makes mechanical calculator
and machine to have a designed that its
part and component is produced to
precise specification. Those technology
during this period are greatly improved
through the invention of tools design to
use for precise measurement of objects
also known as Vernier scale and
micrometer, that has a more and used in
a telescope to measure angular distances
between
stars and
relative sizes
of celestial
object.
Other than measuring the length the
improvement in the field of measuring
MICROMETER
the heat, the invention of:
for patent
Pyrometer- a type of thermometer used
to measure high temperatures. Invented
by Josiah Wedgwood to measure the
temperature in kiln, which compared the
color of clay fired at known temperature.
Hygrometer- is a tool used to measure
the humidity, or moisture in the
atmosphere. Useful in weather
predictions, growing of plant, incubators
and preservation of instrument such as
guitars and pianos. The first version of it
was invented by Leonardo Di Vinci in
1480 but the modern hygrometer was
invented by Horace Benedict de Saussure
uing a human hair to determine relative
humidity.
Barometer- is a meteorological tool used
in measure atmospheric pressure.
GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
Invented either by Gasparo Berti in the
1640s or Evangelista Torricelli in 1643.
The invention of it, has been used in
weather forecasting dating back to late
1800s.
Important axillary methods of
transmitting motion.
These are the mechanism that are most
efficient to harvest human energy, it
proliferates the effort of human to
increase the productivity.
Crank Handles- is an arm attached at a
right angle to a rotating shaft by which
reciprocating motion is imparted to or
received from the shaft. It is used to
convert circular motion into reciprocating
motion, or vice versa.
Foot treadle- Chinese pedal operated
saw The treadwheel had another
advantage over the hand crank: it
replaced the use of the arm muscles by
the use of the much stronger leg muscles,
and it allowed the use of two limbs
instead of one. The same effort could thus
be sustained over a longer time - or a
higher force could be exerted over the
same time. To a lesser extent, the same
advantage was valid for the capstan,
where the legs did a large part of the
work.
This advent in technology has a huge
contribution to the sustainability and
growth of the factories that exist in the
first industrial revolution, and before the
discovery and invention electric motors
in late 19th century.
Spinning wheel, early machine for turning
fibre into thread or yarn, which was then
woven into cloth on a loom. The spinning
wheel was probably invented in India,
though its origins are obscure. It reached
Europe via the Middle East in the
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European Middle Ages. It replaced the
earlier method of hand spinning, in which
the individual fibers were drawn out of a
mass of wool held on a stick, or distaff,
twisted together to form a continuous
strand, and wound on a second stick, or
spindle. The
first stage in
Saxony Spinning Wheel
mechanizing
the process was
to mount the
spindle
horizontally in
bearings so that it could be rotated by a
cord encircling a large, hand-driven
wheel. The distaff, carrying the mass of
fiber, was held in the left hand, and the
wheel slowly turned with the right.
Holding the fiber at an angle to the
spindle produced the necessary twist.
The Saxon, or Saxony, wheel, introduced
in Europe at the beginning of the 16th
century, incorporated a bobbin on which
the yarn was wound continuously; the
distaff on which the raw fiber was held
became a stationary vertical rod, and the
wheel was actuated by a foot treadle, thus
freeing both of the operator’s hands.
The improvement of the loom in 18th-
century Great Britain created a yarn
shortage and a demand for mechanical
spinning. The result was a series of
inventions that converted the spinning
wheel into a powered, mechanized
component of the Industrial Revolution.
GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
Steam Power
Early in the first century A.D., a Greek
inventor named Hero of Alexandria
designed the world's first aeolipile, or
primitive steam turbine. Heron's aeolipile
consisted of a hollow sphere, mounted on
a pair of tubes. Heated from below by fire,
the tubes transported steam to the
sphere, where it was released through
another series of tubes projecting from
the sphere's equator. This movement of
steam through the device caused the
sphere to revolve, demonstrating the
potential for using steam as a means of
propulsion.
In 1698, Thomas Savery, an engineer and
inventor, patented a machine that could
effectively draw water from flooded
mines using steam pressure. Savery used
principles set forth by Denis Papin, a
French-born British physicist who
invented the pressure cooker. Papin's
ideas surrounding a cylinder and
pistonsteam engine had not previously
been used to build a working engine, but
by 1705, Savery
had turned
Papin's ideas into
a useful
invention.
Using two steam
boilers, Savery
devised a nearly
continuous
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system for pumping water from mines.
But despite the early success of Savery's
system, it was soon discovered that his
engine was only capable of drawing water
from shallow depths, a problem that
needed to be overcome if steam engines
were to function in deep mines.
Thomas Newcomen, developed a better
way to pump
water from
mines. His
system used
a redesigned
steam engine
that
eliminated
the need for accumulated steam pressure
— a flaw in Savery's system that led to
many an unfortunate explosion.
Newcomen's "atmospheric" engine — so
named because the level of steam
pressure it used neared atmospheric
pressure — was the first commercially
successful machine that used steam to
operate a water pump.
At 1765, James Watt, a Scottish
instrument maker employed by Glasgow
University, began repairing a small model
of a Newcomen engine. Watt was
perplexed by the large amount of steam
consumed by Newcomen's machine and
realized that to remedy this inefficiency,
he would have to do away with the
constant cooling and reheating of the
steam cylinder.
GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society Technology and Industrial
Revolution
To do this, Watt developed a separate position and stay on. As noted during the
condenser, which allowed the steam 15th and 16th centuries, they were of the
cylinder to be maintained at a constant riveted type which was normally hand-
temperature and dramatically improved held. These spectacles evolved into the
the functionality of Newcomen's engine. type with a more comfortable arched
bridge known as bow specs. Following
this, the ultra-rare slit-bridge spectacles
Evolution of appeared with slits to give some added
Spectacles elasticity to the nose bridge. Then one
piece wire (usually copper) frames with
The 15th century round lenses, better known as Nuremberg
marks a crucial style nose spectacles, came into fashion,
time in the being mass-produced throughout the
development of spectacles. By the time of 17th century and until the early 19th
Johann Gutenberg’s invention of the century. Compounding the problem of
printing press around 1450, glasses were stability, the first
already used by artisans as well as monks spectacles did not
and other religious scholars. But once have side arms.
books became available to everyone, the This critical
demand and subsequent popularity of problem went
spectacles rose exponentially. By the unsolved for
early 16th century, spectacle peddlers about 440 years
who were selling glasses became a until finally
common sight on the streets and London optician
throughout the countryside of Western Edward Scarlett (1677-1743) was
Europe. People would rummage through credited with perfecting temple
baskets filled with German-made single- spectacles – those having short, stiff side
wire metal and also leather-framed pieces that pressed against the temples
spectacles in an effort to improve their above the ears. This innovation facilitated
vision. The purchaser would try on the easy putting on and taking off of the
several pair until finally selecting the one glasses and didn’t interfere with a
of his/her preference. Around person’s long hair or wig. It hasn’t been
Nuremberg, Germany, an industry slowly proven that Scarlett truly was the
developed as mass production led to inventor.
lower costs and diminished quality. At
this time, discs were cut from plane
window glass material. For lenses to help Birth of the Light Microscope
presbyopia, a concave mold was used to
grind the front convex surface. For About 1590,
negative lenses to help myopia, a cannon two Dutch
ball was used to reshape the posterior spectacle
surface of the flat window glass. From the makers,
beginning, spectacles failed to remain in Zaccharias

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GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
Janssen and his son Hans, while
experimenting with several lenses in a
tube, discovered that nearby objects
appeared greatly enlarged. That was the
forerunner of the compound microscope
and of the telescope. In 1609, Galileo,
father of modern physics and astronomy,
heard of these early experiments, worked
out the principles of lenses, and made a
much better instrument with a focusing
device.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
The father of microscopy, Anton van
Leeuwenhoek of Holland, started as an
apprentice in a dry goods store where
magnifying glasses were used to count the
threads in cloth. He taught himself new
methods for grinding and polishing tiny
lenses of great curvature which gave
magnifications up to 270 diameters, the
finest known at that time. These led to the
building of his microscopes and the
biological discoveries for which he is
famous. He was the first to see and
describe bacteria, yeast plants, the
teeming life in a drop of water, and the
circulation of blood corpuscles in
capillaries. During a long life, he used his
lenses to make pioneer studies on an
extraordinary variety of things, both
living and non-living and reported his
findings in over a hundred letters to the
Royal Society of England and the French
Academy.
Pendulum Clock
The search for more
accuracy in timekeeping,
which had gone on for
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several thousand years, came to an end in
1656 when Christian Huygens in Holland
applied the principles of physics inherent
in a pendulum to a clock. The main
principle useful to the accuracy of time
keeping is that the length of time it takes
for a pendulum to go through an arc is
only variable by the length of the
pendulum. The weight of the bob at the
end of the pendulum makes no difference,
nor does the distance of the arc: only the
length of the shaft matters to how long it
takes for a pendulum to swing through an
arc. With this knowledge and some rather
complex mathematical computations,
Huygens was able to fashion a pendulum
which went through an arc once a second,
giving unprecedented accuracy to the
measurement of time.
Thermometers
Thermometers measure temperature, by
using materials that change in some way
when they are heated or cooled. In a
mercury or alcohol thermometer, the
liquid expands as it is heated and
contracts when it is cooled, so the length
of the liquid column is longer or shorter
depending on the temperature.
Before there was the thermometer, there
was the earlier and closely related
thermoscope, best described as a
thermometer without a scale. A
thermoscope only showed the differences
in temperatures, for example, it could
show something was getting hotter.
However, the thermoscope did not
measure all the data that a thermometer
could, for example, an exact temperature
in degrees.
Early History
GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
Several inventors invented a version of
the thermoscope at the same time. In
1593, Galileo Galilei invented a
rudimentary water thermoscope, which
for the first time, allowed temperature
variations to be measured. Today,
Galileo's invention is called the Galileo
Thermometer, even though by definition
it was really a thermoscope. It was a
container filled with bulbs of varying
mass, each with a temperature marking,
the buoyancy of water changes with
temperature, some of the bulbs sink while
others float, the lowest bulb indicated
what temperature it was.
In 1612, the Italian inventor Santorio
Santorio became the first inventor to put
a numerical scale on his thermoscope. It
was perhaps the first crude clinical
thermometer, as it was designed to be
placed in a patient's mouth for
temperature taking.
In 1654, the first enclosed liquid-in-a-
glass thermometer was invented by the
Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinand II. The
Duke used alcohol as his liquid. However,
it was still inaccurate and used no
standardized scale.
Based on a thermoscope invented by
Galileo Galilei in the early 1600s, the
thermometer on your co-worker's desk is
called a Galileo thermometer. A simple,
fairly accurate thermometer, today it is
mostly used as decoration. The Galileo
thermometer consists of a sealed glass
tube that is filled with water and several
floating bubbles. The bubbles are glass
spheres filled with a colored liquid
mixture. This liquid mixture may contain
alcohol, or it might simply be water with
food coloring.
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Attached to each bubble is a little metal
tag that indicates a temperature. A
number and degree symbol are engraved
in the tag. These metal tags are actually
calibrated counterweights. The weight of
each tag is slightly different from the
others. Since the bubbles are all hand-
blown glass, they aren't exactly the same
size and shape. The bubbles are
calibrated by adding a certain amount of
fluid to them so that they have the exact
same density. So, after the weighted tags
are attached to the bubbles, each differs
very slightly in density (the ratio of mass
to volume) from the other bubbles, and
the density of all of them is very close to
the density of the surrounding water.
If you have read this question, then you
know that an object immersed in a fluid
experiences two major forces: the
downward pull of gravity and the upward
push of buoyancy. It is the downward
force of gravity that makes this
thermometer work.
The basic idea is that as the temperature
of the air outside the thermometer
changes, so does the temperature of the
water surrounding the bubbles. As the
temperature of the water changes, it
either expands or contracts, thereby
changing its density. So, at any given
density, some of the bubbles will float and
others will sink. The bubble that sinks the
most indicates the approximate current
temperature.
Consider this
example:
GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
Let's say there are five bubbles in the
thermometer:
A blue bubble that represents 60 degrees
A yellow bubble that represents 65
degrees
Technology and Industrial
possible, and thus gifted men of the
Renaissance sought to develop skills in all
areas of knowledge, in physical
development, in social accomplishments,
and in the arts. Some examples of this
men’s are Leonardo DaVinci and Michael
Angelo.

A green bubble that represents 70 Leonardo da Vinci made important

degrees
A purple bubble that represents 75
degrees
A red bubble that represents 80 degrees
The blue bubble (60 degrees) is the
heaviest (densest) bubble, and each
bubble thereafter is slightly lighter, with
the red bubble being the lightest. Now,
let's say the temperature in the room is
70 degrees. Since the surrounding air is
70 degrees, we know the water inside the
thermometer is also about 70 degrees.
The blue and yellow bubbles (60 and 65
degrees, respectively) are calibrated so
that they have higher densities than the
water at this temperature, so they sink.
The purple and red bubbles each have a
density that is lower than the
surrounding water, so they float at the
very top of the thermometer. Since the
green bubble is calibrated to represent 70
degrees, the same temperature as the
water, it sinks slightly so that it is floating
just below the purple and red bubbles --
thereby indicating the room's
temperature!
contributions from his conviction that art
and science
should work
together, not be
placed in separate
compartments. To
his mind, science
could teach creative people how to
produce better art, and artistic creativity
could enhance scientific study. Therefore,
he did not study just one or the other of
these fields alone, but both. For example,
he studied human physiology
both as a scientific endeavor and to
improve his drawing and painting. Not
only did his studies, which included
dissections, improve his art, after he died,
the detailed drawings he made advanced
scientific knowledge of the human body
and contributes a lot of invented
technology in our modern world. Most

is an ideal that developed in Renaissance importantly, his curiosity-driven

Italy from one of its most-accomplished explorations,
representatives, Leon Battista Alberti, https://www.architecturaldige
and ability to
who stated that “a man can do all things if st.com/story/how-

he will.” This led to the notion that men michelangelo-spent-final- connect art and
years-designing-st-peters-
should try to embrace all knowledge and science, helped
basilica-romeAutoCAD
develop their own capacities as fully as

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GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
him innovate in his work. Da Vinci
made an astoundingly diverse array of
discoveries,
including
conceptualizing
the helicopter and
solar power and
advancing
knowledge about
technology. Also,
Da Vinci's far-reaching scientific studies
had an impact on the art world through
his painting. He experimented with
perspective and mastered the art of the
"vanishing point," a technique which gave
his paintings a tremendous sense of depth
or three-dimensionality. Many future
artists, engineers and scientist used
studied and used his techniques. In the
field of engineering was invented with the
idea of Da vinci’s “vanishing point” and
Drawing perspective. Because of his
invention and art techniques that can be
used in science works, our modern world
become
Another Renaissance man is
Michelangelo, he exemplified the ideal
through his accomplishments
in sculpture, painting, architecture,
and poetry. He is also a secret scientist
because in Back 1990, He made the
Sistine chapel ceiling art intitled God
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creating Adam that depicts the human
brain in cross section. Michelangelo,
arguably the most famous painter and
sculptor in history, had a lesser-known
alter ego: Michelangelo is also the
architect of the St. Peter’s Basilica in
Vatican City, his works also contributed a
lot in the field of science, He’s not only an
artist but also a secret scientist and
architecture engineer in his early times.
Industrial revolution
At one time, humans, fueled by the
animals and plants they ate and the wood
they burned, or aided by their
domesticated animals, provided most of
the energy in use. Windmills and
waterwheels captured some extra energy,
but there was little in reserve. All life
operated within the fairly immediate flow
of energy from the Sun to Earth.
Everything changed during the Industrial
Revolution, which began around 1750.
People found an extra source of energy
with an incredible capacity for work. That
source was fossil fuels — coal, oil, and
natural gas, though coal led the way —
formed underground from the remains of
plants and animals from much earlier
geologic times. When these fuels were
burned, they released energy, originally
from the Sun, that had been stored for
hundreds of millions of years.
Coal was formed when huge trees from
the Carboniferous period (345– 280
million years ago) fell and were covered
with water, so that oxygen and bacteria
could not decay them. Instead, the
GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
pressure of the weight of materials above
them compressed them into dark,
carbonic, ignitable rock.
Most of the Earth’s oil and gas formed
over a hundred million years ago from
tiny animal skeletons and plant matter
that fell to the bottom of seas or were
buried in sediment. This organic matter
was compacted by the weight of water
and soil. Coal, oil, and gas, despite their
relative abundance, are not evenly
distributed on Earth; some places have
much more than others, due to
geographic factors and the diverse
ecosystems that existed long ago.
Early Steam Engines
The story of the Industrial Revolution
begins on the small island of Great
Britain. By the early 18th century, people
there had used up most of their trees for
building houses and ships and for cooking
and heating. In their search for something
else to burn, they turned to the hunks of
black stone (coal) that they found near
the surface of the earth. Soon they were
digging deeper to mine it. Their coal
mines filled with water that needed to be
removed; horses pulling up bucketfuls
proved slow going.
Earth; some places have much more than
others, due to geographic factors and the
diverse ecosystems that existed long ago.
To the rescue came James Watt (1736–
1819), a Scottish instrument-maker who
in 1776 designed an engine in which
burning coal produced steam, which
drove a piston assisted by a partial
vacuum. (There had been earlier steam
engines in Britain, and also in China and
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in Turkey, where one was used to turn the
spit that roasts a lamb over a fire.) Its first
application was to more quickly and
efficiently pump water out of coal mines,
to better allow for extraction of the
natural resource, but Watt’s engine
worked well enough to be put to other
uses; he became a wealthy man. After his
patent ran out in 1800, others improved
upon his engine. By 1900 engines burned
10 times more efficiently than they had a
hundred years before.
At the outset of the 19th century, British
colonies in North America were
producing lots of cotton, using machines
to spin the cotton thread on spindles and
to weave it into cloth on looms. When
they attached a steam engine to these
machines, they could easily outproduce
India, up until then the world’s leading
producer of cotton cloth. One steam
engine could power many spindles and
looms. This meant that people had to
leave their homes and work together in
factories.
Early in the 19th century the British also
invented steam locomotives and
steamships, which revolutionized travel.
In 1851 they held the first world’s fair, at
which they exhibited telegraphs, sewing
machines, revolvers, reaping machines,
and steam hammers to demonstrate they
that were the world’s leading
manufacturer of machinery. By this time
the characteristics of industrial society —
smoke rising from factories, bigger cities
and denser populations, railroads —
could be seen in many places in Britain.
Why Britain?
GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
Britain wasn’t the only place that had
deposits of coal. So why didn’t the
Industrial Revolution begin in China, or
somewhere else that boasted this natural
resource? Did it start in isolation in
Britain, or were there global forces at
work that shaped it? Was it geography or
cultural institutions that mattered most?
Historians have vigorously debated these
questions, amassing as much evidence as
possible for their answers.
Possible reasons why industrialization
began in Britain include:
1. Shortage of wood and the abundance of
convenient coal deposits
2. Commercial-minded aristocracy;
limited monarchy
3. System of free enterprise; limited
government involvement
4. Government support for commercial
projects, for a strong navy to protect ships
5. Cheap cotton produced by slaves in
North America
6. High literacy rates
7. Rule of law; protection of assets
Possible reasons why industrialization
did not begin in China include:
Location of China’s coal, which was in the
north, while economic activity was
centered in the south
Rapid growth of population
Great Britain was sending and selling
many of their products to the people of
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United States. During that time, the two
major European powers; Britain and
France were at war with each other since
1803. Americans had tried hard to remain
neutral in this conflict and keep up
communication and trade with both
countries. However, being in between
give rise to many challenges faced by US,
which definitely led President Thomas
Jefferson and the Congress to pass the
Embargo Act of 1807. Some of these
events that caused the passing of the said
act are as follows:
a). In 1806, France
• passed a law prohibiting trade
between neutral parties, like U.S. as well
as with Britain.
• American merchant ships had been
seized by the French warships.
b). In 1807, Britain retaliated
• Also prohibits trade between
neutral parties and France
• began seizing American ships.
• attempted to control trade
• demanded that all American vessels
had to check in at British ports before
they could trade with any other nation
• satisfied their need for sailors at
America's expense.
c) Tensions increased between the
United States and Great Britain as the
British provided weapons to American
Indians resisting U.S. expansion into their
territories.
d) the Chesapeake-Leopard affair.
GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
• The American ship Chesapeake
had just left Norfolk, Virginia, when it was
stopped by the British warship Leopard.
• The Leopard's commander,
Salusbury Pryce Humphreys, demanded
that the British be allowed to search the
Chesapeake for three deserters rumored
to be on board.
• The Chesapeake's commander,
James Barron, refused.
• Leopard fired on the Chesapeake.
With this concurrences, Jefferson chose
what he thought was the best of his
limited options and responded to the
crisis through economic means. He
initiated a sweeping ban on trade, known
as the Embargo Act of 1807. The purpose
of this act were:
• to prohibited American ships from
leaving their ports until Britain and
France agreed to stop seizing them at sea.
• intended to punish Britain and
France for interfering with American
trade
• help the United States by
demonstrating to Britain and France their
dependence on American goods
• to convince them to respect
American neutrality and stop impressing
American seamen.
However, the Embargo Act did exactly
the opposite and caused far more damage
to America’s economy than to Britain’s.
US economy was devastated and suffered.
The failure of Jefferson’s Embargo Act of
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1807 led to increasing economic pressure
from the American public to go to war
with Britain. The “war hawk” (those
demanding for war) faction exerted great
influence over the House of
Representatives and helped to pass a
declaration of war against Britain in June
1812, beginning the War of 1812 or the
"Second war of American Independence."
The Embargo Act of 1807 and the war of
1812 led to some disadvantages on
shipping and trading, while on one hand,
poster positive effect on manufacturing.
DISADVANTAGES
1.All vessels under United States
jurisdiction found themselves prohibited
from making foreign voyages. Trade ships
sat rotting at the wharves.
2. Some sought to evade the unpopular
act, smuggling British goods from Canada
using coastal vessels.
3. Economic aspect:
• Gross National Product in 1807:
decrease by 8%
• Exports: declined by 75%
• Imports: declined by 50%
• exports: from $108 million (before the
embargo) to just over $22 million (after a
year)
ADVANTAGES
1. U.S. left no option but to produce their
goods to sustain their needs.
2. Old factories were reused
GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society Technology and Industrial
Revolution
3. New manufactories and buildings were inventions help people in their living
built. status to the society and the economy of
the country wherein it helps to the
4. Using technology smuggled from Great advancement in agriculture, industry,
Britain, Connecticut’s many streams and shipping and trading and to the expansion
rivers provided a good source of of economy. The inventions made real the
waterpower dreams of the people that seems like
and textile impossible.
mills began
operating as Steamboat
Found on Google from museum.state.il.usgoogle.com
early as the
1790s,
Robert Fulton Robert Fulton
Found on Google from Britannica.com.google.com
5. Other
Robert Fulton was born a farm in little
Connecticut
Britain, pennyslavnia on November
industries also prospered under the
14,1765. His parents are Robert Fulton
embargo. These included:
Sr. and Mary Smith Fulton. He is an
• paper mills American Inventor and engineer who is
best known for his role in developing the
• gun factories first commercially successful steamboat.
February 24, 1815 he became an
• blast furnaces
American engineer. Fulton is also credited
• forges with inventing the Nautilus, one of the
world’s first practical submarines. Fulton
• tanneries remained single until age 43 when in
1808, he married Harriet Livingston, the
• distilleries.
niece of his steamboat business partner,
3. By 1810, Connecticut produced nearly Robert R. Livingston. The couple had a
$6 million worth of manufactured goods son and three daughters together. Before
each year, a substantial sum in that Fulton became an inventor he was an
period. artist but his paintings did not impress
the people. In 1794, Fulton abandoned his
4. The state, which had previously been career as an artist and started to discover
primarily agricultural, was on its way to a new thing until he made successful the
becoming a center of industry and steamboat. His steamboat was (20.1 m)
innovation long, 8 feet (2.4m) beam, and made to
travel 3-4 miles per hour. Fulton awarded
During the Industrial Revolution
as Hall of Fame for great Americans
there are some inventions discovered and
(1900) the National Inventors Hall of
those are steamboat by Robert Fulton in
Fame (2006). He was died on February
1793, cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1794,
24, 1815.
reaper by Cyrus McCormick in 1831, and
steel plow by John Deere in 1837. Those

For SLSU use only

GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society Technology and Industrial
Revolution
Robert Fulton’s Steamboat cotton gin but most important for
developing the concept of mass
Steamboat production of interchangeable parts. He
Year Invented August 1807
received an award and honor of being
Used It is used in rivers
“Hall of Fame for Great Americans” on
in the 19th century,
and particularly 1900. Whitney’s father was a respected
on the Mississipi farmer who served as a justice of the
River and its peace. In May 1798 Whitney entered Yale
principal College, where he learned many of the
tributaries in the new concepts and experiments in science
United States.
and the applied arts, as technology was
How it changes They became
then called. When Eli Whitney heard the
the lives of the more and more
people? popular which complaints of Georgia planters where
meant, in the tobacco prices were low, and rice and
older times there indigo prices weren’t much better. He saw
were paddles and that a machine to clean the green-seed
sailing boats. cotton could make its inventor rich. He set
Why was the Because of the to work and construed a crude model
invention of the efficiency of a
which is the cotton gin. Cotton gin had
steamboat so steamboat was
important? much better than four parts. (1) a hopper to feed the cotton
a simple paddle into the gin; (2) a revolving cylinder
boat. It also saved studded with hundreds of short wire
time on things and hooks, closely set in ordered lines to
traveled faster, match fine grooves cut in (3) a stationary
farther, and could breastwork that strained out the seed
carry more loads.
while the fibre flowed through; and (4) a
clearer, which was a cylinder set with
Eli Whitney bristles, turning in the opposite direction,
that brushed the cotton from the hooks
Eli Whitney was born on December 8, and let it fly off by its own centrifugal
1765, in Westborough, Massachusetts. His force. After perfecting his machine
parents are Eli Whitney secured a patent (1794), and he
Whitney and and Miller went into business
Elizabeth Fay. manufacturing. Planters do not have the
His spouse is ability to buy this machine. Then, when
Hanrietta congress refused to renew the patent,
Eli Whitney Edwards Whitney concluded that “an invention can
Found on Google from npg.si.edu google.com
they have 4 be so valuable as to be worthless to the
kids inventor”. After he invented the milling
Elizabeth Fay, Frances, Susan, and Eli machine he never patented it like the
Whitney Jr. He is an American inventor, cotton gin which turn to be useless. He
mechanical engineer, and manufacturer, was died on January 8, 1825 in New
best remembered as the inventor of the Haven, Connecticut.

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 GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society Technology and Industrial
Revolution
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin McCormick was born
on Virginia farm in
1809. He was known
as the Father of
Modern Agriculture.
Cyrus McCormick
His parents are Robert
Found on Google from
presbyteriansoftthepast.com.google.com
McCormick and Mary Ann Hall. His
Spouse is Nancy Fowler and have 2 Cyrus
McCormick CottonJr.Gin and Harold Fowler
Found on Google from en.wikipidea.org google.com
McCormick. His interest in machines
stemmed from watching his father’s early
attempts to design a horse-drawn
Cotton gin mechanical reaper. After over 20 years of
Year Invented October 28, 1793 his father trying to perfect the reaper,
Used It is used to pull
Cyrus took over the project, and by 1831,
cotton fibers from
the cotton seed. It was demonstrating his improved horse-
caused the drawn reaper in nearby towns. After
revolution in the numerous tests, the reaper was
production of harvesting about an acre an hour;
cotton in the whereas before, it would have taken an
southern United entire day to harvest anywhere between
States, and had an
an acre to three acres. The machine was
enormous impact
on the institution loud and cumbersome, but it made a
of slavery in this farmer’s job much easier. McCormick was
country. able to secure a patent on the device in
How it changes Helps to less labor 1834. By 1860, more than 100,000
the lives of the intensive cash reapers were in use on Western Farms.
people? crop and He was died on May 13, 1884 in Chicago
contributing
Illinios.
immensely to the
rise of cotton
Cyrus McCormick’s Reaper
production in the
Deep South.
Why was the Because it
invention of the dramatically
cotton gin so reduced the
important? amount of time it
took to separate
cotton seeds from
cotton fiber.

Reaper
Cyrus McCormick Found on Google from thoughtco.com google.com

For SLSU use only

GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society Technology and Industrial
Revolution
John Deere’s Steel Plow
Reaper
Date Invented 1831
John Deere Used It was used by the
farmers to harvest
crops
mechanically.
Replaced the
manual cutting of
crop with scythes
and sickles
Deere was born in Rutland, How it changes Helps farmer to
Vermont, on February 7, 1804, the third
John Deere
the lives of the harvest the wheat
son of William Rinold Deere and Sarah
Found on Google from deere.com google.com people? quicker and
Yates Deere. In 1805, the family moved to allowed them to
sell things faster
Middlebury, Vermont, where William
and in a larger
engaged in merchant tailoring. In 1837, bulk.
John Deere, was a typical blacksmith Why was the Helps the farmer
turning out hayforks, horeshoes, and invention of the to harvest their
other essentials for life the prairie. Then reaper so wheat quicker
one day, a broken steel sawmill blade important? with less labor
gave him an opportunity. He knew well force.
the back-breaking difficulty of farmers
near his home in Grand Detour, Illinois.
While plowing, they often interrupted
their work to scrape the sticky prairie soil
from their cast-iron plows. He envisioned
that soil sliding easily off of a highly
polished steel John Deere
moldboard. With steel
scarce
Found onin
Googlethe area, Deere acquired a
from smithsonianmag.com
google.com
broken steel saw blade, and from it
crafted a new type of moldboard plow.
Over the next decades, Deere built strong Steel Plow
supply and distribution channels, and Year Invented 1837
Used Used for farming
continually improved his product based
to break up tough
on suggestions from customers. Today, soil without soil
more than 175 years after John Deere getting stuck to it.
created his steel plow, the company How it changes Helps the farmer
provides advanced products and services the lives of the to crack the heavy
for those whose work is linked to the people the soil easily so
land, including a few very modern that they can plant
effectively and
variations on John Deere’s original plow.
harvest seeds
He died on May 17, 1886 in Moline more.
Illinois.

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GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
Why was the It allowed farmers
invention of the to cultivate crops
Steel Plow so more efficiently
important? because the
smooth texture of
the steel blade
would not allow
the soil of the
great plains to
stick as the cast
iron plow did.
In Conclusion, the 4 inventions in the
Industrial Revolution that have been
discussed gave us knowledge about the
people behind those inventions which
greatly help the society, particularly, the
farmers for their livelihood. Also, the 21 st
century learners can get inspiration to
innovate those inventions or create a new
one that will satisfy the needs of our
society. Lastly, those inventions brought
technological development that will
expand, improve and contribute to the
advancement in the field of agriculture,
industry, shipping and trading on the long
run.
ELIAS HOWE
Technology and Industrial
A dream gave Elias Howe the inspiration
for his invention of the sewing machine.
He dreamt that cannibals surrounded him
and prepared to cook him as they waved
spears. When he awoke, he remembered
the spears, which had holes in the shaft
and moved up and down.
He invented the machine in 1845 and got
a patent for it from New Hartford,
Connecticut in September 10, 1846. His
innovation was the lock stitch, which uses
one needle with a thread that goes up and
down, picking up a thread from a bobbin
or shuttle on the other side of the fabric.
Trivia
The first American sewing machine
stitched 250 stitches a minute .
There were two other inventors Isaac
Singer ,and Allen Wilson .Elias fought a
legal battle against them to be sure he
was recognized as the inventor .
Karl Drais, the Bicycle and Typewriter
Inventor

He was born Karl Freidrich

July 9, 1819, Christian
in Spencer, Ludwig
Mass., at a Freiherr Drais
time when von
nearly Sauerbronn
everyone (29 April 1785
sewed by hand. Women made clothing, - 10 December 1851), was born in
shirts, sheets and towels, Karlesruh, Baden, to a family of
and men knew how to influential civil servants with minor
repair a shirt. royal connections. His mother was
Baroness von Kaltenthal, his father
served as a judge, and his godfather
CANNIBAL DREAM was the Grand Duke of Baden Karl

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GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
Freidrich. He was a German forest official
and significant inventor in the
Biedermeier period.
Drais was a prolific inventor, who
invented the Laufmaschine (“running
machine”), also later called the
Velocipede, Draisine (English) or
draisienne (French), also nicknamed
“the hobby horse” or “dandy horse”.
This was his most popular and widely
recognized invention. It incorporated the
two-wheeler principle that is basic to the
bicycle and motorcycle and was the
beginning of mechanized personal
transport.
Samuel F.B. Morse, in full Samuel Finley
Breese Morse,
(born April 27, 1791, Charlestown,
Massachusetts, U.S. —died April 2, 1872,
New York, New York ), American painter
For SLSU use only
Technology and Industrial
and inventor who developed an electric
telegraph (1832–35). In 1838 he and his
friend Alfred Vail developed the Morse
Code.
Rise and Decline of the Telegraph
System
Developed in the 1830s and 1840s by
Samuel Morse (1791-1872) and other
inventors, the telegraph revolutionized
long-distance communication. It worked
by transmitting electrical signals over a
wire laid between stations. In addition to
helping invent the telegraph, Samuel
Morse developed a code (bearing his
name) that assigned a set of dots and
dashes to each letter of the English
alphabet and allowed for the simple
transmission of complex messages across
telegraph lines. In 1844, Morse sent his
first telegraph message, from
Washington, D.C., to Baltimore, Maryland;
by 1866, a telegraph line had been laid
across the Atlantic Ocean from the U.S. to
Europe. Although the telegraph had fallen
out of widespread use by the start of the
21st century, replaced by the telephone,
fax machine and Internet, it laid the
groundwork for the communications
revolution that led to those later
innovations.
GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
In 1843, Morse and Vail received funding
from the U.S. Congress to set up and test
their telegraph system between
Washington, D.C., and Baltimore,
Maryland. On May 24, 1844, Morse sent
Vail the historic first message: “What
hath God wrought!” The telegraph
system subsequently spread across
America and the world, aided by further
innovations. Among these improvements
was the invention of good insulation for
telegraph wires. The man behind this
innovation was Ezra Cornell (1807-74),
one of the founders of the university in
New York that bears his name. Another
improvement, by the famed inventor
Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) in
1874, was the Quadruplex system, which
allowed for four messages to be
transmitted simultaneously using the
same wire.
Through Industrial Revolution, it has
inspired many other great inventions
during the rest of the 19th century. It
includes telephone that is invented by
Alexander Graham Bell in 1877 and the
lightbulb invented by Thomas Edison in
1878.
Who was Alexander Graham Bell?
Alexander Graham Bell was a Scottish-
born American inventor and scientist. Bell
was born on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh,
Scotland. He is the second son of
Alexander Melville Bell and Eliza Grace
Symonds Bell, he was named for his
paternal grandfather. The middle name
“Graham” was added when he was 10
years old. His mother was almost deaf,
and his father taught elocution to the
For SLSU use only
Technology and Industrial
deaf, influencing Alexander’s later career
choice as teacher of the deaf. He had two
brothers, Melville James Bell and Edward
Charles Bell, both of whom died from
tuberculosis.
During his youth, Bell was strongly
influenced by his family and his environs.
Bell’s hometown of Edinburgh, Scotland,
was known as the “Athens of the North”
for its rich culture of arts and science. His
grandfather and father were experts on
the mechanics of voice and elocution. And
Bell's mother, Eliza, became an
accomplished pianist despite being deaf,
inspiring him to undertake big challenges.
Eliza home-schooled her son and instilled
an infinite curiosity of the world around
him. He received one year of formal
education in a private school and two
years at Edinburgh’s acclaimed Royal
High School. At age 11 he entered the
Royal High School at Edinburgh, but he
did not enjoy the compulsory curriculum,
and he left school at age 15 without
graduating.
In 1865, the family moved to London.
Alexander passed the entrance
examinations for University College
London in June 1868 and matriculated
there in the autumn. However, he did not
complete his studies, because in 1870 the
Bell family moved again, this time
immigrating to Canada after the deaths of
Bell’s younger brother Edward in 1867
and older brother Melville in 1870, both
of tuberculosis. The family settled in
Brantford, Ontario, but in April 1871
Alexander moved to Boston, where he
taught at the Boston School for Deaf
Mutes. He also taught at the Clarke School
for the Deaf in Northampton,
GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
Massachusetts, and at the American
School for the Deaf in Hartford,
Connecticut.
One of Bell’s students was Mabel
Hubbard, daughter of Gardiner Greene
Hubbard, a founder of the Clarke School.
Mabel had become deaf at age five as a
result of a near-fatal bout of scarlet fever.
Bell began working with her in 1873,
when she was 15 years old. Despite a 10-
year age difference, they fell in love and
were married on July 11, 1877. They had
four children, Elsie (1878–1964), Marian
(1880–1962), and two sons who died in
infancy.
How did Alexander Graham Bell invented
the telephone?
While pursuing his teaching profession,
Bell also began researching methods to
transmit several telegraph messages
simultaneously over a single wire,
wherein it is the major focus of telegraph
innovation at the time and one that
ultimately led to Bell’s invention of the
telephone. Before then, Bell in 1871
started working on a device known as the
multiple or harmonic telegraph (a
telegraph transmission of several
messages set to different frequencies)
upon moving to Boston. He found
financial backing through local investors
Thomas Sanders and Gardiner Hubbard.
Between 1873 and 1874, Bell spent long
days and nights trying to perfect the
harmonic telegraph. But during his
experiments, he became interested in
another idea, transmitting the human
voice over wires.
For SLSU use only
Technology and Industrial
Bell’s diversion frustrated his
benefactors, and Thomas Watson, a
skilled electrician, was hired to refocus
Bell on the harmonic telegraph. But
Watson soon became enamoured with
Bell’s idea of voice transmission and the
two created a great partnership with Bell
being the idea man and Watson having
the expertise to bring Bell’s ideas to
reality. Through 1874 and 1875, Bell and
Watson laboured on both the harmonic
telegraph and a voice transmitting device.
Though at first frustrated by the
diversion, Bell’s investors soon saw the
value of voice transmission and filed a
patent on the idea.
How did Alexander’s telephone invention
works?
For now the concept was protected, but
the device still had to be developed. In
1876, Bell and Watson were finally
successful. Legend has it that Bell
knocked over a container of transmitting
fluid and shouted, “Mr. Watson, come
here – I want to see you.” The more likely
explanation was Bell heard a noise over
the wire and called to Watson. In any
case, Watson heard Bell’s voice through
the wire and thus, he received the first
telephone call.
The first telephone had two parts: a
transmitter and a receiver. The
transmitter comprised three parts—a
drumlike device (a cylinder with a
covered end), a needle, and a battery. The
covered end of the drumlike device was
attached to the needle. The needle was
connected by wire to the battery, and the
battery was connected by wire to a
receiver. When Bell spoke into the open
end of the drumlike device, his voice
GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
made the paper and needle vibrate. The
vibrations were then converted into an
electric current which traveled along the
wire to the receiver.
With this success, Bell began to promote
the telephone in a series of public
demonstrations. At the 1876 Centennial
Exhibition in Philadelphia, Bell
demonstrated the telephone to the
Emperor of Brazil, Dom Pedro, who
exclaimed, “My God, it talks!” Other
demonstrations followed, each at a
greater distance than the last.
The Bell Telephone Company was
organized on July 9, 1877. In January
1915, Bell was invited to make the first
transcontinental phone call. From New
York, he spoke with his former associate
Watson in San Francisco.
However, there are some issues that Bell
faced regarding his invention in
telephone which he faced.
After their 1877 wedding, Alexander and
Mable travelled to Europe demonstrating
the telephone. Upon their return to the
United States, Bell was summoned to
Washington D.C. to defend his telephone
patent from lawsuits.
Others claimed they had invented the
telephone or had conceived of the idea
before Bell. Over the next 18 years, the
Bell Company faced over 550 court
challenges, including several that went to
the Supreme Court, but none were
successful. Even during the patent battles,
the company grew. Between 1877 and
1886, over 150,000 people in the United
States owned telephones.
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Technology and Industrial
Improvements were made on the device
including the addition of a microphone,
invented by Thomas Edison, which
eliminated the need to shout into the
telephone to be heard.
By all accounts, Bell was not a sharp
businessman and by 1880 began to turn
business matters over to Hubbard and
others so he could pursue a wide range of
inventions and intellectual pursuits. In
1880, Bell established the Volta
Laboratory in Washington, D.C., an
experimental facility devoted to scientific
discovery. Later in his life, Bell became
fascinated with flight and began exploring
the possibilities for flying machines and
devices, starting with the tetrahedral kite
in 1890s. In 1907, Bell formed the Aerial
Experiment Association with Glenn
Curtiss and several other associates. The
group developed several flying machines,
including the Silver Dart. The Silver Dart
was the first powered aircraft flown in
Canada. Bell later worked on hydrofoils
and set a world speed record for this type
of boat.
Throughout his life, Bell sought to foster
the advance of scientific knowledge. He
supported the journal Science, which later
became the official publication of the
American Association for the
Advancement of Science. He was one of
the founders of the National Geographic
Society in 1888 and succeeded his father-
in-law, Gardiner Hubbard, as president of
the society between 1898 and 1903. In
that year his son-in-law, Gilbert H.
Grosvenor, became editor in chief of the
National Geographic Magazine. Bell died
at his Nova Scotia estate, where he was
buried.
GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
Who was Thomas Edison?
Thomas Edison, who was born on
February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio is an
American inventor who, singly or jointly,
held a world record 1,093 patents. In
addition, he created the world’s first
industrial research laboratory.
Edison was the seventh and last child and
the fourth surviving of Samuel Edison, Jr.,
and Nancy Elliot Edison. At an early age
he developed hearing problems, which
have been variously attributed but were
most likely due to a familial tendency to
mastoiditis. Whatever the cause, Edison’s
deafness strongly influenced his
behaviour and career, providing the
motivation for many of his inventions.
In 1859, the Grand Trunk Railroad was
extended to Port Huron, Michigan.
Thomas got a job as a newsboy for the
day-long trip to Detroit and back. Since
there was a five-hour layover in Detroit,
Edison asked for permission to move his
laboratory to the baggage car of the train
so he could continue his experiments
there. This worked for a little while, until
the train lurched forward and spilled
some chemicals, setting the laboratory on
fire. While working for the railroad,
Thomas saved the life of a station official's
child who had fallen onto the tracks of an
oncoming train. As a way of thanking him
for saving his child's life, the father taught
Thomas how to use the telegraph.
Thomas became so good at using the
telegraph that he got a job working as a
telegrapher sending signals between the
United States and Canada. He began
experimenting with ways to improve the
telegraph, which led to his invention of
For SLSU use only
Technology and Industrial
the automatic telegraph, duplex
telegraph, and message printer. It was
about this time that Thomas dedicated his
life to being a full-time inventor.
Thomas Edison moved to New York and
set up a small laboratory in Newark, New
Jersey. He continued his work on the
telegraph and his ideas also gave birth to
the universal stock ticker. In 1875, Edison
wanted to build a new laboratory in
Menlo Park, New Jersey. His father
Samuel supervised the construction of the
new laboratory; it opened in 1876.
How did Thomas Edison created the
lightbulb?
In the period from 1878 to 1880 Edison
and his associates worked on at least
three thousand different theories to
develop an efficient incandescent lamp.
Incandescent lamps make light by using
electricity to heat a thin strip of material
(called a filament) until it gets hot enough
to glow. Many inventors had tried to
perfect incandescent lamps to "sub-
divide" electric light or make it smaller
and weaker than it was in the existing arc
lamps, which were too bright to be used
for small spaces such as the rooms of a
house.
Edison's lamp would consist of a filament
housed in a glass vacuum bulb. He had his
own glass blowing shed where the fragile
bulbs were carefully crafted for his
experiments. Edison was trying to come
up with a high resistance system that
would require far less electrical power
than was used for the arc lamps. This
could eventually mean small electric
lights suitable for home use.
GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
By January 1879, at his laboratory in
Menlo Park, New Jersey, Edison had built
his first high resistance, incandescent
electric light. It worked by passing
electricity through a thin platinum
filament in the glass vacuum bulb, which
delayed the filament from melting. Still,
the lamp only burned for a few short
hours. In order to improve the bulb,
Edison needed all the persistence he had
learned years before in his basement
laboratory. He tested thousands and
thousands of other materials to use for
the filament. He even thought about using
tungsten, which is the metal used for light
bulb filaments now, but he couldn't work
with it given the tools available at that
time.
One day, Edison was sitting in his
laboratory absent-mindedly rolling a
piece of compressed carbon between his
fingers. He began carbonizing materials to
be used for the filament. He tested the
carbonized filaments of every plant
imaginable, including bay wood,
boxwood, hickory, cedar, flax, and
bamboo. He even contacted biologists
who sent him plant fibres from places in
the tropics. Edison acknowledged that the
work was tedious and very demanding,
especially on his workers helping with the
experiments. He always recognized the
importance of hard work and
determination.
He recalled, "Before I got through, I tested
no fewer than 6,000 vegetable growths,
and ransacked the world for the most
suitable filament material."
"The electric light has caused me the
greatest amount of study and has
required the most elaborate
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Technology and Industrial
experiments," he wrote. "I was never
myself discouraged, or inclined to be
hopeless of success. I cannot say the same
for all my associates."
"Genius is one percent inspiration and
ninety-nine percent perspiration."
How did the light bulb works?
Edison decided to try a carbonized cotton
thread filament. When voltage was
applied to the completed bulb, it began to
radiate a soft orange glow. Just about
fifteen hours later, the filament finally
burned out. Further experimentation
produced filaments that could burn
longer and longer with each test. Patent
number 223,898 was given to Edison's
electric lamp.
The Edison lamp from our Attic is dated
January 27, 1880. It is a product of the
continued improvements Edison made to
the 1879 bulb. Even though it is over a
hundred years old, this bulb looks very
much like the light bulbs lighting your
house right now. The base, or socket, on
this 19th century lamp is similar to the
ones still used today. It was one of the
most important features of Edison's lamp
and electrical system. In the early 1880s,
Edison planned and supervised the
construction of the first commercial,
central electric power station in New
York City. In 1884, Edison began
construction of a new laboratory in West
Orange, New Jersey, where he lived and
worked for the rest of his life. The West
Orange facility is now part of the Edison
National Historic Site, run by the National
Park Service.
GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society
Revolution
The electric light, one of the everyday
conveniences that most affects our lives,
was not “invented” in the traditional
sense in 1879 by Thomas Alva Edison,
although he could be said to have created
the first commercially practical
incandescent light. He was neither the
first nor the only person trying to invent
an incandescent light bulb. In fact, some
historians claim there were over 20
inventors of incandescent lamps prior to
Edison’s version. However, Edison is
often credited with the invention because
his version was able to outstrip the
earlier versions because of a combination
of three factors: an effective incandescent
material, a higher vacuum than others
were able to achieve and a high resistance
that made power distribution from a
centralized source economically viable.
Before he died in 1931, Edison
patented 1,093 of his inventions. The
wonders of his mind include the
microphone, telephone receiver,
universal stock ticker, phonograph,
kinetoscope (used to view moving
pictures), storage battery, electric pen,
and mimeograph. Edison improved many
other existing devices as well. From a
discovery made by one of his associates,
he patented the Edison effect (now called
thermionic diode), which is the basis for
all electron tubes. Edison will forever be
remembered for his contributions to the
incandescent light bulb. Even though he
didn't dream up the first light bulb ever
crafted, and technology continues to
change every day, Edison's work with
light bulbs was a spark of brilliance on the
timeline of invention. At the very
beginning of his experiments with the
incandescent lamp in 1879, he said
For SLSU use only
Technology and Industrial
"We are striking it big in the electric light,
better than my vivid imagination first
conceived. Where this thing is going to
stop Lord only knows."
Sources:
Industrialization had many positive
effects on society. The creation of power
machines and factories provided many
new job opportunities. The new
machinery increased production speed of
good and gave people the ability to
transport raw materials. Industrialization
also lead to urbanization. The Western
World went from rural and agricultural to
urban industrial. The newly invented
steam engine provided cheap movement
of goods through waterways. Canals were
built so resources could be transported
with ease. The railroads gave
manufacturers a cheap way to transport
their products. Fresh food could also be
delivered to distant towns. The railways,
airplanes also gave people opportunities
to travel. Telephones and cellphones
enables long-distance communication.
Better and higher food standards,
medical, industrial and technological
advances. Overall, industrialization raised
the standards of living since new
materials and products were available for
public use. All of these innovations we
take delight these days is the product of
the continuous struggles of the great
people and inventors of the Industrial
Revolution.
In conclusion, Industrial Revolution
brought scientific innovations and
technological advancements that
contribute to the great developments in
terms of agriculture, industry, trading and
economic growth.
GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society Technology and Industrial
Revolution
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Unknown.(2020, February 20).Invention

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Thomas Edison. Retrieved from
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of lightbulb. Retrieved from

For SLSU use only

GEC 08-Science, Technology and Society Technology and Industrial
Revolution

For SLSU use only