MODULE 9

TRAVEL & TOURISM PERSPECTIVES

THE FOUR PERSPECTIVES OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM
01 TOURIST
02 TOURISM BUSINESS CATERING GOODS AND SERVICES
03 GOVERNMENT OF TOURISM HOST COMMUNITY
04 TOURISM HOST COMMUNITY

01 TOURIST
The people who go on tour are looking for emotional and physical experiences through
various activities. The nature of the experience a tourist wants can be found out by the category
of destination of the tour program. Tourists have been constructed along with the development of
tourism.

TYPES OF TOURISTS
1. DOMESTIC TOURISM - activities of a visitor/tourist within their country of residence
and outside of their home.
2. INBOUND TOURISM - activities of a visitor/tourist from outside of country of
residence.
3. OUTBOUND TOURISM - activities of a visitor/tourist of a resident visitor outside of
their country of residence.
4. INTERNAL TOURISM - consists of Domestic Tourism and Inbound Tourism
5. NATIONAL TOURISM - consists of Domestic Tourism and Outbound Tourism
6. INTERNATIONAL TOURISM - consists of Inbound Tourism and Outbound Tourism.

02 TOURISM BUSINESS CATERING GOODS AND SERVICES

These are the set of businesspeople who establish themselves for making a profit by
providing the various facilities to the tourists and keep the system running according to the
demand in the industry. The whole tourism industry was survived because of the tourism
products and services. The products of tourism are not easy to equalize because it was created for
customers different interest and their demands.
According to UNWTO Tourism Product is a combination of tangible and intangible elements,
such as natural, cultural and man-made resources, attractions, facilities, services and activities
around a specific center of interest which represents the core of the destination marketing mix
and creates an overall visitor.

The tourism products are grouped into the following types:

● Tourism Oriented Products (TOP)
● Residents Oriented Products (ROP)
● Intangible Products of Tourism
● Tour Operators Products and Services
● Accommodations

Tourism Oriented Products (TOP)

These are the products and services created primarily for the tourists and also for the locals.
- Retail Travel Agents
- Cinema Theatres (PVR)
- Transportations
- Shopping Centers
- Tourism Information Center
- Restaurants for Food and Beverages
- Souvenirs Outlets
- Tour Operators

Residents Oriented Products (ROP)

The products and services are created mainly for the local residents staying at a
particular tourist destination
- Hospitals
- Public Parks
- Banks and ATMs
- Postal Service (Mail Services)
Intangible Products of Tourism
Kind of product which cannot be touched or seen and there is no transfer of ownership.
- Bookings of Accommodation, theatres, and various sites
- Experiences of the Tourists
- Memories done by the Tourists
- Transportation and luggage of the Tourists

Tours Operators Product and Services

To realize the facilities and experience a tourism product offers, service is required by
skilled and qualified staff.

Accommodation
The tourist destinations are equipped with different types of accommodations. They cater
for tourists’ stay at the destination
- Service
- Self-Catering
- Hotels
- Guest Houses
- Camping Sites

03 GOVERNMENT OF TOURISM HOST COMMUNITY

The Government look forward to Tourism industry as a way of obtaining financial
stability for economic development region. The amount of income generated from the region
where tourism is promoted and numerous possibilities of reducing unemployment are the main
advantage of government will be getting from tourism initiatives.

Positive Impact of Tourism in Our Government and Community

- Higher quality of life for locals and their community
- Improvements in infrastructure and services such as historic sites
- Increase in job opportunity and allow for diversification of employment
- income potential and develop resources within the community.
04 TOURISM HOST COMMUNITY
The people in and around the tourism destination sees employment opportunities and the
overall cultural enhancement in tourism. The interaction between the residents and the people
involved in the tourism business with the visitors that is contributing to the overall development
of the area.
The long-term success of the tourism industry depends upon the acceptance and support
of the host community. Therefore, to ensure that ecotourism can be maintained, it is essential to
ensure the sustainability of both the natural and cultural environments of the destination.
— Murphy (1985)

Development and Enhancement of Tourism

- Socio-cultural planning appraisals
- Ecotourism approach to tourism development

The success of a tourism spot involves these four factors and the interaction between tourists,
government, people involved in the tourism business and the people in and around the tourism
destination.