Synchronizing an alternator to a power system

or Grid.
Name: Muhammad Ihzam Zia
Reg No. 2018289
Faculty of Engineering Electronics
Engineering
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of
engineering sciences and technology
Abstract—nowadays, demand for load is increasing due to increased energy consumption. The existing system is possible
they will not be enough to meet the demand which is why units will be added to other alternatives to satisfy increased
demand. Aligning the generator to the electrical system should be done carefully to prevent damage to the generator and
disruption to the electrical system. Traditionally, hand-made adjustments are made by operator capable of synchronizing
alternator. Here we use MATLAB SIMULINK to create a file for a visual model of the design and performance of real-time
automatic synchronization of the alternator bus bar. As well as automatic synchronization parameters such as voltage,
frequency, angle and phase Sequences are tested using IMATLAB SIMULINK. Auto-sync Centre upgraded reliable and
accurate used for monitoring, measuring and similar compatibility of compatible generators. Keywords - Sync, Auto Sync,
Alternator, Busbar, Microcontroller.
INTRODUCTION
The process of connecting and using two or more alternators in parallel with each other or by connecting another alternator to
the endless bus bar is known as alternator synchronization. The power transmission system and transmission system consist of
a combination of large alternating alternator numbers, connected by transmission cables and providing a wide range of widely
distributed loads. The sequence of phase, voltage and frequency of the endless bus bar are very similar and are considered
continuous. There are many advantages to working with alternator similarity such as continuous power supply, reliability,
expansion, flexibility and high efficiency. The requirements mentioned above cannot be met with a single device and
therefore multiple alternators are equally connected to provide power for larger loads. During scheduled repairs, inspections,
injuries, light load, one or more flexible items can be closed and disconnected from the endless bus bar. At a time when the
rest of the alternator is operating to meet the energy demand of the loads and retains the supply continuity. If there is a
growing need for future equipment it can be added without interrupting the actual installation. Manual synchronization
method requires a competent operator and is suitable for non-loading operation or normal frequency. Under an emergency
such as reducing the frequency or synchronization of large equipment rapid action is required, which may not be possible for
a human resource person.
Generator synchronization should be done carefully
Poor synchronization may cause:
1. Damage generator and prime mover.
2. Damage the generator and raise the transformer windings caused by high currents.
3. They cause disturbances such as strokes and deviations.
4. The protective transmission element interprets the state as abnormal operating mode and disables the generator.
So, there is a need for auto-sync. In the automatic synchronization process, the adjustment of the phase strength, phase angle,
phase sequence and the maximum size of the incoming alternator is done automatically. When all sync parameters are
satisfied again

Synchronized with that of the endless bus bar, the inlet is connected to a non-stop bus made by electrical connectors under
instructions from a microcontroller. The automatic synchronization of the alternator uses a microcontroller which makes the
synchronization process easier.

OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this paper is automatic synchronization of alternator to provide uninterrupted power supply as per
load demand. The adjustment of magnitude of voltage, frequency, phase angle and phase sequence of incoming alternator is done
automatically. Under emergency condition such as lowering of frequency or synchronizing of large machines a very fast action is
needed, which can be provided by automatic synchronization process. A MATLAB SIMULINK is an interactive, graphical
environment for modeling, simulating, and analyzing of dynamic systems which overcome the problem of existing tools. The
operation of auto synchronization of alternator is illustrated by using MATLAB SIMULINK. The aim of our paper is to create
the virtual model for the designing and real time operation for automatic synchronization of alternator with infinite bus bar.

METHODOLOGY
A. Introduction to MATLAB Simulink:
Simulink, an additional product at MATLAB, offers a collaborative, graphical environment for modelling, and analysis of
dynamic systems. Enables the rapid construction of visual prototypes in explore design concepts at any level of detail with
minimal effort. By modelling, Simulink provides a click user interface (GUI) for building models such as block diagrams.
Includes a complete pre-defined library the blocks will be used to create graphical models for systems that use mouse and
drag function. User is capable of producing a "start-up and working" model that would require many hours to build in the
laboratory nature.
B. Model Creation
Creating a Simulink working model is straightforward. This process includes four basic steps such as presented in the
following flow chart

Fig.1 Flowchart for Model Creation

First you will collect all the required blocks from the Library browser. You will then edit the file blocks to match the
blocks of the model you want. Last, but not least, you will connect a file to blocks have lines to form a complete system and
set complete simulation parameters. After this, you will do mimic a complete program to ensure it works.
C. Simulink Model Design for Auto Synchronization
As it is an auto synchronization, the whole process will run automatically with the help of controller. There are four major
parameters have to be matched for synchronization of alternator with bus bar. They are
 Voltage
 Frequency
 Phase angle
 Phase sequence

1) Block and Flowchart diagram:

 Fig. 2 Block diagram of synchronization

The block diagram above shows simplified automatic connections synchronization. Here generator-1 is a reference
generator already connected to the bus and load bar and connected to the bus bar.

Fig. 3) Flowchart for auto synchronization

Reference generator parameters are downloaded and given to the controller. Now limits for the incoming generator is
compared to the reference generator G1 and the controller will adjust the parameters of the same input generator as the
reference generator. When all the parameters are satisfied there the controller sends a control signal to the switch, which
will change the switch mode and a new incoming generator synchronized with busbar.
2) Simulink Model Design: Visual Simulink model for real-time construction and operation of the automatic
synchronization of the alternator with the unlimited bus is shown below.
Figure 4) Simulink Circuit diagram of synchronous generator

Figure 5) Current from dynamic load

Figure 6) Voltage references of dynamic load

Figure 7) voltage references of Synchronous generator

Figure 8) stabilizing curve

 Figure 9) synchrize 3 phase voltage

The proposed plan is based on a single line drawing Fig. 2 and contains a three phase reference alternator connected to the
bus bar and another three-phase inlet that should be synchronized and bound by a three-phase unlimited bus. In the middle,
there is a button that will work based on controller. Some parameters have been used as a controller to synchronize another
alternator with the grid as shown in Figure 4 and those coupling-1 and coupling-2 subsystem block used to reduce weight
model. The state control system contains all administrative actions that include comparisons between parameters of the
reference generator and the incoming generator. If the parameters are matched at that time, the controller sends signal on
switch to close, otherwise the controller sends a control signal to the incoming generator for repair its parameters are similar
to those of a generator.

ADVANTAGES
1 Reliability of the whole power system increases.
2 Simulink model gives visualize results without the need for complicated and time-consuming programming.
3 Simulink model provides behavior of the system without building it.
4 Precise to be used for monitoring, measuring and parallel operations of the synchronous generators.
5 Because of proper synchronization there are no disturbances such as power oscillations and voltage deviation.
6 More convenient than conventional method.
Disadvantages
Auto synchronization Simulink model may be very expensive in practical implementation.
Applications
Power grid and Industrial applications.

Conclusion
In this paper, a simple yet effective technique for digital synchronization of an alternator to the grid has been presented.
Moreover, the technique enabled automatic control over the power delivered to the grid through the alternator by satisfying
Synchronization parameters. The presented results illustrate the system operation over wide range of references ensuring
the stability of the system. These results reveal the novelty and effectiveness of the proposed system. The parameters like
voltage, frequency, phase sequence and phase angle of alternator and busbar are observed using scope.

References
1 Amin, U., Ahmad, G., Zahoor, S. and Durrani, F. (2014) Implementation of Parallel SynchronizationMethod of Generators for Power &
Cost Saving in University of Gujrat. Energy and Power Engineering, 6, 317-332.
2 NiyasThayyil,(2017) 8085 Microprocessor Based Auto Synchronizer in Calicut University Institute of Engineering and Technology,
University of Calicut, vol. 7 issue no. 9.
3 Ashfaq Hussain, Dhanpat Rai & Co. (Pvt) Ltd., Electric Machines. (Second Edition), 2005.
4 DSP-Based Simple Technique forSynchronization of 3 phase Alternators with Active and Reactive Power Load Sharing by M. I. Nassef,
H. A. Ashour, H. Desouki Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Arab Academy for Science & Technology, Alexandria, Egypt.