‘Solution (V-1) SFA afeers dhakaplaza.com Part-2: Question Bank (BUET) £ Recruitment Test Question of Power Grid Company of Bangladesh (PGCB) ‘Compiled by: Rony Parvej (IUT, EEE’07) Post: Assistant Engineer (Electrical) Time: 90 minutes Full Marks: 100 Exam Date: 02.03.2018 Venue: BUET Question = [__ Solution Page : 3-122 SL Vc and inthe following circuit | Question: 115 47 nF 2, | Find Va across a-b terminal: Page : 3-71 | Question: 64 | 3 [APWsignal has a peal to peak deviation of 78 Kliz over a carrier frequency of | Page : 7-76 882 MEz The maximum frequency of the modulating signal is 13 kHz. Find the | Question: 83 | |Modulation index of the FM signal. \4 \& - - 8256 Tevel PCM signal is generated using linear quantization of a sinusoidal | Page : 7-39 Snot of 1 V peak to peak signal having 4 kHz. frequency. Find the output bit rate Question: 14 ‘Sampling is done at 12.5% higher than Nyquist rate. @ In the following circuit the base current is 25nA, the emitter current is 1.5 : aa the base emitter voltage is 0.7V and the emitter voltage is 5V. Calculate a, B | Question: 24 Collector voltage Vc. 2-51 arate etfs dhakaplaza.comj's EEE Job Solution v ee sO ve Ry . ® “SY nutput Y in the following circuit = | — {) Write the Boolean expressio As Ba is dhakaplaza,com. Parte2s Question Bonk (ny, 1 ETA 10 MVA, 66KV, 50Hz, Y-connected 3-phase alternator has synchronous reactance of 0.635, It is working at full load at 0.8 lagging p.f. Find torque angle. Neglect armature resistance. | Page : 5 Question: 7 7, | Determine the load factor and peak demand of a power station where the annual load duration curve varies linearly between 12GW and 4GW. If the total transmission loss is 3% and for frequency regulation reserve margin of 20% is to be maintained, then what should be the total generation capacity of the system? Page : 4-26 Question: 13 B. [A S-phase 11kV/132 kv, star-delta connected power transformer is protected by differential protection. The CTs on the low voltage side have a current ratio of 4500/5. What must be the current ratio of CTs on the high voltage side? Also show in a diagram how should the CTs be connected, Page: 4-161 Question: 26 9. | A100 MVA, IIKY generator feeding a load of 20 MW, 0.8pf lagging load at 11 KV. The generator output is stepped up through a unit transformer to a 132 kV bus in the power station switchyard. The load is served from a grid sub-station with IIKV bus, A 132KV double circuit 150 km transmission line is connecting the power station with the grid sub-station, Draw the single line diagram of the power system. 10. | Draw the reactance diagram from the syst all resistance and shunt admittances excepting load r The generator is rated IIkV, 100MVA and Xq = 8%. Each ci ssion line has an impedance of 80 ohms. The unit transformer is rated 11/132 kV, 200 kVA and Percentage reactance of 15%. The grid substation transformer is rated 132/11 KV, 200 MVA and a percentage reactance 15%, Use 100 MVA as the base. Mark the Teactance or impedance of all the elements in the reactance diagram in terms. per un glect Page : 5 Question ‘Grae eif¥yrAs dhakaplaza.com— PART=3 : ELECTRICAL Cin¢ Un IRONY PARVESS EEE JOB SOLUTION (V-)) Tn Maximum power transfer condition, a circuit has thevenin equivalent resistance of | DWas, 114_ | 8ti4. What is the value of load resistance? (a)—8 + j4 (b) 8 + j4 (c) 8 -j4 (d) ion, Solution: At maximum power transfer ci | PGCE, | | Find Vc and 1: in the following circuit | | us | 10V) In the given circuit, 10 @ resistance is already shorted, 2mH “nM 7 ; inductor will be shorted due to de voltage and 47uF capacitor will aaa 5a be opened due to de voltage. ov (+) a > I i 10 243 =2A Le > and Vc=Vaq= 1.x 3=2%3=6V ns, If Vs (t) = 230 sin 314t mY, then find Vo. A 10%2 1002 -o@ 2 + a v0 @ 0K Sv > 1000 % 99nas Yo ob .1kQ .230 sin 314tV and =: 100 = Given, Vs (t) = Applying voltage divider rule, __ 10 ; Tarai VS () = 0.9167 Vs () 99 Ye Tay 9.9 *1000v« = 0.99 x 1000v4 = 0,99 x 1000 x 0.9167 Vs (t) = 907.53 Vs (1) = 907.53 x 0.230 sin 314t = 208,73 sin 314t V 3-122 YaJOB SOLUTION (V-)) PART-3 : ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT @ pan pss EEE. 0 ike following *Fhevenin equivalent of the following ckt: Fin 2Ka Finding, a (201) x (25 When, a-b terminal is shorted, v = 0 and the circuit an becomes (Ee 5 ~~ 500 = Again, 2KO — A aie = 0.0025 A 3 > 2 el ® ie =— 205 rT = 20 « 0,0025 fr : IN oy v0 -0.05 A = > 3s Vu R : Rus we bse 5 wp | > = oem 0a Se ®-Thevenin equivalent of the given circuit is Riy= 1002 a = ab VuensV sb 3-71[Rony Parve's EEE Job Solution (V1) _ ‘Gera SifSeTAE dhiakaplaza.com Par-7: Comm A binary FSK modulation has 140 kbps bit rate and 0.75 modulation index. Find | Bc 81 maximum channel bandwidth. lunication, Solution: Bandwidth = 2 (1+ mp f= 2 * (1 + 0.75) * 140000 = 490000 Hz = 490 kHz Determine (a) the peak frequency deviation, (6) minimum bandwidth, and (c) baud 82. | fora binary FSK signal with a mark frequency of 49 kHz, a space frequency of 51 KHz, and an input bit rate of 2 kbps. Solution: ace — (49 kHz — 51 kHz)| (@) Peak frequency deviation Af = = mark] Sees! = 1kHz Ans (b) The minimum bandwidth B = 2 (f+ Af) = 2(2000 + 1000) = 6 kHz ‘Any 2 (©) Baud rate = 8 = 222° - 2000 bauadisec ‘Aus, AFM signal has a peak to peak deviation of 78 kHz over a carrier frequency of 88.2 Miz. | PGCB-18 g3._ | The maximum frequency of the modulating signal is 13 kHz. Find the modulation index of the FM signal. Solution: Peak to Peak frequency deviation, 2 Af =78 kHz Modulation index, my = 4£ g4 | FM mono radio employs a peak frequency deviation of 75 kilz with a baseband audio |DPDC.16 ‘message signal band limited to 15 kHz. What is the required bandwidth of FM radio signal? Solution: According to Carson’s Rule, Bandwidth, B= 2 (fm + Af)=2 x (15 +75) = 180 kHz Ans.ee —_—_—_— {gj's BEE Job Solution (V=-1) APNG HBTS dh rr ereacae rare erence ae com = Maximum frequency of the message signal, f= 3400 Ht ignal, f= 3 z. fs So, Sampling Frequeney, f= Nyquist frequency, fxg 2h, 2 % 3400 Hz = 6800 HL + Fy 2g 2 3400 Her = Quantization Level, L= 512+ 2 2» «No. of bits in the code, n= 9 + Output Data rate, Ry =n fs = 9 x 6.8 kbiv/sec = 61.2 kbit/sec Ans ~ J What should be the minimum sampling frequency to successfully reconstruct the B signal x(t) = sin(100m) +sin(200zt)? 1f 4096 levels are used to encode the sampled ‘ignal then what will be the bit rate of the system? solution: Maximum frequency of the message signal, f= 200 / 2x = 100 He, So, Minimum Sampling frequency, f= i Quantization Level, L = 4096 = 2'?= 2" 2fn= 2x 100 Hz= 200 Hz Ans. +. No. of bits in the code, n= 12 «Bit rate, Ry=n fs = 12 x 200=2400 bit/sec Ans. Tn PCM, total number of quantization level is 256, highest frequency is 4 kHz and | PGCB-18 i“ sampling frequency is 12.5% of Nyquist frequency. Find bit rate | Solution: Maximum frequency of the message signal, f= 4 KHz, 1,125 * 2fw= 1.125 x24 kHz = 9 kHz So, Sampling frequency, fs = 1.125 * fv Quantization Level, L = 256= 2°= 2" «No. of bits in the code, n= 8 «Bit rate, Rp=n fs =8 9 = 72 kbitisee Aus 5 als 500 Tis, 600 Hz, 600 Hz are sampled | NWPGCL- | 1 | Three analog signals, having bandwidths 1200 Tz, 60 ie, 600 ate same NWPGCL- |] at their Nyquist rates, encoded with 12 bit words, and time division multiplexed. | |7, | Find the bit rate for the multiplexed signal. : fe —__[pret-ts ee--| Find che bit mate So Solution: Bandwidth of multiplexed signal fn = 1200 Iz + 600 He + 600 Hz = 2400 Hz jandwidth : Sampling frequency, fs = 4800 1 57.6 kbps Aus. Hence, Bit rate = 4800 * 12 7-39ai Job Solution (V-1) HT HBTs dhakaplaza.com Part f ene whe the silicon transistor in the following circuit is in saturation | BB-18, vassume Wc ex = 0.2 V. NPCBL-I7 or not. don: * Voc=Versat 10-02 5. Rc 1000" Vep ~ VBE Ic=B Ip = 50 * 0.23 mA=11.5mA As Ic > Icsat, the transistor is operated in saturation mode. 7 | Inthe following circuit the base current is 25yA, the emitter current is 1.5 mA, the | PGCB-I8 base emitter voltage is 0.7V and the emitter voltage is SV. Calculate «fb and collector voltage Ve. 1sV -15V IL Solutions ss ee —— el Te = Ip = Ip = 1.5 — (25 * 10%) = 1.475 mA -3 pole 1A75x10% _ og Ans Ip 25x 10-6 a=. 9.99433 Aus. 1+ p 1+ 59 Vo = Veo ~ le Re = 15 — 1.475 * $= 7.625 A Ans. 6-37ee : Electronics R= "0" is an undesirable or invalid condition and must be avoided. The ‘causes both outputs Q and @ to be HIGH together at logic level “1 when we would be the inverse of Q. The result is that the flip-flop loses control of Q and @,, and if the two. n after this condition to logic “L”, the flip-flop becomes unstable and ed upon the unbalance as shown in the following switching diagram, pression for output Y in the following circuit | A ° —Y B Do sition . of Do B Deo TC x | inputin TG-T State of TE2 [a 0B) | oto ° 2 ~ Conducting opt + Non-conducting 0 Conducting ito 0 Conducting | + Non-conducting 0(B) ita 1 ‘Conducting 8 Non-conducting — 1(B) ap kt ‘8029 TRGB Yew CMOS X-NOR Gare using Transmission Gate (TG) 31 aries once eth meme ab BRU *3 MTT CC SI A RAG aT et IE BOS CFIA Baie cB BCE so" ARATE COT NF ATT A HTH TRB YD oC aT oeRony Parvej’s EEE Job Solution (V-1) SAI SHSRAs dhakaplaza.com Phase Voltage, V¢ = Vi/V3 = 480/V3 = 277 V Internal generated voltage of the machin Part-5: Electrical Machi, ‘+ In*(Ry + jXs) 77.20? +(240.6 2- 36.87°)* (0.03 + j0.25) = 322 27.82° The angle between intemal generated voltage ( * Torque angle § = (7.82°- 0°) = 7.82° Ans. ) and phase voltage (Vs) is called torque angle (6) 7 A 10 MVA, 66K) 0.635 Q. It is work armature resistance. S0Hz, Y-connected 3-phase alternator has synchronous reactance of | PGCE. ng at full load at 0.8 lagging p.f. condition. Find torque angle, neglect | EGCB-14 The generator is Y-connected and power factor is 0.8 lagging (8;= - cos“ 0.8 = - 36.87"), So, at rated condition, n= 1 =P/(N3 * Vi) = (10 MVAY/ {V3 *(66 kV)} = 87.47 A at an angle of - 36.87° Phase Voltage, Vp = V/V3 = 66000/V3 = 38105 V Internal generated voltage of the machine, Ea = Vo + In*(Ra + jXs) 8105 20° +(87.47 2- 36.87°)* (0 + j0.635) 8138 20.067" ‘The angle between intemal generated voltage (Eq) and phase voltage (V¢) is called torque angle (8). + Torque angle 8 = (0.0679 0°) = 0.067° Ans. 8 ‘An 11 KV, 50 Hz, Y-connected four pole synchronous generator has a per phase | PGCB-19 synchronous reactance of 1.2 2. Its full load armature current is 60 A at 0.8 pf lagging. | Determine the torque angle. ‘The generator is Y-connected and power factor is 0.8 lagging ( cos? 0.8 = - 36.87") So, atrated condition, I, = 60 A at an angle of - 36.879 ° Phase Voltage, Vy = Vi/¥V3 = 11000/V3 = 6351 V Internal generated voltage of the machine, Ea = V4 + In*(Ra + jXs) 351 20° +(60 2- 36.87°)* (0 + j1.2) 1394 257.6" The angle between intemal generated voltage (Eq) and is ca sl « Torque angle 8 = (57.6°- 0°) = 57,6° A, Bei 's) and phase voltage (V4) is called torque angle (8). 9 | The input of a 480V, S0Hz, Y-connected, 6-pole synchronous generator e366 RW and | DESCO- itis 93.2% efficient, It has a Per-phase synchronous reactance of 10 and the resistance is negligible, Is full-load armature current is 60A at 0.8 PF lagi terminal voltae. /simila o Example 5.3, Chapman) eS": Find the no load 5-126PPARVEJ'S EEE JOB SOLUTION (V-)) PART=4: POWER sysj TT] Find the Toad factor of a 200 MW power plant whose output varies linearly from | = 100 MW to 200 MW over 24 hours. a 2 oo Solution: As the load varies linearly, Average load = (100+200)/2 = 150 MW Load factor = Average load / Maximum load = 150/200 = 0.75 Ans. 12 The daily base load in a system is 3500 MW. The load changes to 4000 MW at 6 | EGCB-17 PM only and persists till 11 PM. Find the load factor. a Solution: ‘Average load = (4000*5+3500"19)/24 = 3604.17 MW Load factor = Average load / Maximum load = 3604.17 /4000=0.901 Ans. [13] Determine the load factor and peak demand of a power station in which the annual | PGCB-18 | load duration curve varies linearly between 12 GW and 4GW. If the total transmission loss is 3% and for frequently regulation reserve margin of 20% is to be mentioned then what should be the total generation capacity of the system? ‘Solution: As the load varies linearly, Average load = (12+4)/2 = 7 GW Load factor = Average load / Maximum load = 7/12 = 0.583 Ans. Considering transmission loss and frequently regulation reserve margin total generation capacit needed = 12/(0.97*0.8) =15.464 GW Ans. 14 | The cost curve of a 600MW coal fired power plant is 0.003P? + 6P + 500 | CPOCBLIS S/hr/MW. What will be the cost to increase the output of the plant by 1 MW if it is operating at 100 MW? If the plant is dispatched for a maximum of SOOMW and its annual energy output is 3600 GWh, determine capacity factor & load factor. ‘Solution: Dd kWh generated /annum _ 3600 x 10° 7 Hours ina year 365 x 24 410;96)MW + Capacity factor = A¥&raBe load _ 410.96 9 eg Plant Caparity 600 4-26r- 1g’ EEE JOB SOLUTION (V-) 243 . ay parvey’s E PART=4: POWER SYSTEM) res TH32 KV, star-delia oe power transformer is protected by | PGCB-18 * aiterential protection. The CTs on the low voltage side have a current ratio of ait What must be the current ratio of CTS onthe high voltage side? Also show pasa bow should the CTs be connected. rar/delta power transformers, CTs will be connected in delta on 11 kV side (i.c. star side of power hiss i eo sfomer) and in star on 132 kV side (i.c. delta side of power transformer) as shown in following figure- CTsin Delta via 500A Primary | Secondary CTs in Star a— ame fA siaf PA SOAR] I= ALOT A y Lf) are —} e B are 2. nS TASTY cy e . o T ae 53, _| € Relay coils Suppose that ine current on 11 KV side is 500 A. Phase current of delta connected CTs on 11 kV side= 5 A Line current of delta connected C7s on 11 kV side = 5 x V3 = 5¥3 A eeament (ce. 5¥3 A) will flow through the pilot wires. Obviously, this will be the current ch lows through the secondary of C7s on the 132 KV side. Phase current of star connected C7s on 132 kV side = SVB A Wis the tp ‘sthe line current on 132 kV side, then, Primary apparent power = Secondary apparent power or V3 x 11000 x 500 = V3. x 132000 x J i po 13 X11000% 500 = 41.67 A 3x 132000 “Tum-ratio of CTs on high voltage (132 kV) side = 41.67: 53 = 4.812 : 1 Ans, 4-161 iws y PARVES PERESOLONON eM PART=4: POWER SYSTEM BD AIO MVA. 11 KV generator feeding a load of 20 MW, 0.8 pf lagging load PGCB-18 | a IL KV. The generator output is stepped up through a unit transformer to a 132 KV bus in the power station switchyard, The load is served from a grid substation 11 KV bus, A 132 kV double circuit 150 Km transmission line is connecting the power station with the grid sub-station, Draw the single line diagram of the power system, | ‘sion: line s ot 150 km Tx-2 Oe—3— ——4&——> Load looMVA u/is2kv /-———} 32/11 kv 20 Mw 150 km 0.85 lag, IkV ‘ AI00MVA-TT KV generator feeding a load of 20 MW, 08 pf lagging load | PGCB-18 {ATAV. The generator output is stepped up through a unit transformer to a Ce KY bus in the power station switchyard. The load is served from a grid ubstation 11 kV bus, A 132 kV double circuit 150 Km transmission line is i 5 faa the power station with the grid sub-station. Draw the reactance rm, ips a resistance and shunt admittances except load resistance. The tram Ted 11 KV, 100 MVA and Xu = 8%. Each circuit of the | UB2KY 9 line has a reactance of 80 ohms, The unit transformer is rated | jragge¥: 200KVA and a percentage reactance of 15%. The grid substation se 19g 8 Hated 132/11KV, 200MVA and a percentage reactance 15%, | 'VA as the base. Mark the reactance or impedance of all the elements reactance di | i ~telance diagram in terms of per unit, : _|