Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Diagnostic Studies and Therapies
Diagnostic Studies and Therapies
Chest x-ray
✔ Practice the client on how to hold his breath and to do deep breathing
✔ Instruct the client to remove metals from the chest
Fluoroscopy
✔ Studies the lung and chest in motion
Bronchography
✔ A radiopaque medium is instilled directly into the trachea and bronchi and the entire
bronchial tree or selected areas may be visualized through x-ray.
✔ Nursing interventions before bronchography
• Secure written consent
• Check for allergies to seafoods or iodine or anesthesia
• NPO for 6 to 8 hours
• Pre-op meds: atropine SO4 and valium, topical anesthesia sprayed; followed by local
anesthetic injected into larynx
• Have oxygen and antispasmodic agents ready
✔ Nursing interventions after bronchography
• Side lying position
• NPO until cough and gag reflexes return
• Cough and deep breathe client
• Low grade fever common
Bronchoscopy
✔ The direct inspection and observation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi through a
flexible or rigid bronchoscope
✔ Diagnostic uses
✔ To collect secretions
✔ To determine location of pathologic process and collect specimen for biopsy
✔ Therapeutic uses
• Remove foreign objects
• Excise lesions
Lung scan
✔ Following injection of radioisotope, scans are taken with a scintillation camera, measure
blood perfusion through the lungs, confirm pulmonary embolism or other blood flow
abnormalities
• Remain still during the procedure
Sputum examination
✔ Gross appearance
✔ Sputum Culture and Sensitivity
✔ Acid Fast Bacilli staining
✔ Cytologic examination/Papanicolaou examination
✔ Nursing intervention for sputum examination
• Early morning sputum specimen is to be collected
• Rinse mouth with plain water
• Use sterile container
• Sputum specimen for C and S is collected before the first dose of antimicrobial
• For AFB staining , collect sputum specimen for 3 consecutive mornings
Biopsy of lung
✔ Transbronschopic biopsy - done during bronchoscopy
✔ Percutaneous needle biopsy
✔ Open lung biopsy