nited Mexican States" redirects here.

For the historical states, see First Mexican

Republic and Second Federal Republic of Mexico.
Coordinates: 23°N 102°W

United Mexican States

Estados Unidos Mexicanos (Spanish)

Flag

Coat of arms

Motto: La Patria Es Primero

("The Homeland is First")

Anthem: Himno Nacional Mexicano

("Mexican National Anthem")

Capital Mexico City

19°26′N 99°08′W
and largest city
 None at federal level[b]
Official languages

Recognized Spanish and 68 Amerindian

regional languages languages[a]

National language Spanish (de facto)[b]

Ethnic groups 56 Amerindian and diverse foreign

ethnic groups

Religion  88.9% Christianity
(2020) [1]
—77.7% Roman Catholic
—11.2% Protestantism
8.1% No religion
0.2% Other religions
2.5% Unaffiliated (believer)

Demonym(s) Mexican

Government Federal presidential
constitutional republic[2]

• President Andrés Manuel López Obrador

• President of the Senate Oscar Eduardo Ramírez Aguilar
• President of the Dulce María Sauri Riancho
Chamber of Deputies

Legislature Congress

• Upper house Senate

• Lower house Chamber of Deputies

Independence 
from Spain
• Declared 16 September 1810[3]
• Consummated 27 September 1821
• Recognized 28 December 1836
• First constitution 4 October 1824
• Second constitution 5 February 1857
• Current constitution 5 February 1917

Area
• Total 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi)
(13th)
• Water (%) 2.5

Population
• 2020 census 126,014,024[1] (10th)
• Density 61/km2 (158.0/sq mi) (142nd)
 GDP (PPP) 2020 estimate
• Total  $2.715 trillion[4] (11th)

• Per capita  $21,362[4] (64th)

GDP (nominal) 2020 estimate
• Total  $1.322 trillion[4] (15th)

• Per capita  $10,405[4] (64th)

Gini (2016)  49.8[5]
high

HDI (2019)  0.779[6]
high · 74th

Currency Mexican peso (MXN)

Time zone UTC−8 to −5 (See Time in Mexico)

• Summer (DST) UTC−7 to −5 (varies)

Driving side right

Calling code +52

ISO 3166 code MX

Internet TLD .mx

a. ^ Article 4.° of the General Law of Linguistic Rights of

the Indigenous Peoples.[7][8]

b. ^ Spanish is de facto the official language in the

Mexican federal government.

Mexico (Spanish: México [ˈmexiko] ( listen); Nahuan languages: Mēxihco), officially the United

Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos; EUM [esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos] ( listen)), is
a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United
States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and
the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico.[9] Mexico covers 1,972,550 square
kilometers (761,610 sq mi),[10] making it the world's 13th-largest country by area; with
approximately 126,014,024 inhabitants,[1] it is 10th-most-populous country and most Spanish-
speakers. Mexico is organized as a federation comprising 31 states and Mexico City,
[11]
 its capital and largest metropolis. Other major urban
areas include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana, Ciudad Juárez, and León.[12]
Pre-Columbian Mexico traces its origins to 8,000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of
civilization;[13] it was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations, most notably
the Maya and the Aztecs. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the region from
its base in Mexico City, establishing the colony of New Spain. The Catholic Church played an
important role in spreading Christianity and the Spanish language, while also preserving some
indigenous cultures.[14] Native populations were heavily exploited to mine rich deposits of precious
metals, which contributed to Spain's status as a major world power for the next three centuries.
[15]
 Over time, a distinct Mexican identity formed, based on a fusion indigenous and Europeans
customs; this contributed to the successful Mexican War of Independence against Spain in 1821.
[16]
Mexico's early history as a nation state was marked by political and socioeconomic uphe