ILMU PERILAKU HEWAN (IPH)

Maternal
Behaviour
PSKH FK UNPAD
ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
MAJOR TYPES
Sexual Feeding
Maternal Eliminative
Communicative Shelter-Seeking
Social Investigative
Agonisitic Allelomimetic
Sometimes the strength of
motherhood is greater than
natural laws.
BARBARA KINGSOLVER
MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR
MATERNAL BEHAVIOR IS
defined as the collection of behaviors by the mother that can increase offspring survival (Krasnegor
and Bridges, 1990). Maternal behavior improves the survival and well-being of the offspring, and thus is
important for the success of the species.
The function of maternal care is to promote improved offspring survival, by a range of strategies to
provide the offspring with nutrition, thermoregulation, protection (both immunological and physical),
comfort, and opportunities for social learning, particularly in higher animals. For mammalian livestock
species there is a tendency to focus on the nutritional aspects of maternal care, which are vital for the
early survival of the newborn through fuelling
Studies show that the
levels of dopamine
increase in the nucleus
accumbens (a region of
the brain) when a
female displays
maternal behavior.
 THE SUITE OF BEHAVIOURS
AND ACTIVITIES
expressed by the mother to achieve the
many benefits of maternal care vary with
species-specific characteristics such as
evolved social and reproductive strategy,
litter size and offspring maturity at birth

FACTORS TO MOTHER CARE

Number of offsprings
Age of offsprings
Age of mother
Sex of offsprings
 Females taking care of newborn and young
EXAMPLES OF MATERNAL BEHAVIOR
animals

Nesting Mothers clean young by licking them Mothers fight off intruders
Eating placenta Sniffing the young Become aggressive in protecting
Feeding the young their young after birth
Cows
Maternal behavior begins at parturition (time of birth) and
continues to weaning
COWS GIVING BIRTH...
kontak induk - anak dilakukan segera setelah melahirkan ->
sniffing and licking
pemisahan smp 5 jam post partus -> 50% penerimaan induk
pemisahan >24 jam -> induk menolak permanen
calf berdiri setelah lahir (45 mins - 1jam)
Mekanisme identikasi anak induk dilakukan melalui vokalisasi,
olfactory(penciuman) and vision
Sapi kadang memakan placentanya (to not alert predators)
Induk sapi sangat posesif saat fase laktasi
Pigs
Maternal behavior begins before parturition (time of birth) and
continues to weaning
SOW WILL...
Membuat sarang ~ 18 hours before birth
Lama waktu melahirkan- ~ 4 hours
Induk tidak menjilati piglets
Hari 1-4 post partus perlu perhatian lebih, khawatir anak
terjepit/ tertindih induk
Beberapa induk yg panik memakan anaknya
Anak sehat cenderung menyusu pada gl mamae anterior
1 piglet = 1 teat

SHEEP
Behave similarly to cattle in many
way around birth
Ewes will accept orphan goats to
nurse
Mares also behave in a similar manner
OTHER ANIMALS
CANINE RABBITS
Dries the puppies-keeps them warm, Nesting
Feeds and licks them clean. Hair removing
The maternal behavior right after birth is controlled by
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?
hormonal processes, and problems may occur if the v=zuTTbC5ImU4)
female gives birth too early. Eating the kids
Pseudo-pregnancy ( hormonal changes), elicit
maternal behavior. Studies show that the levels of
dopamine increase in the nucleus accumbens (brain
region) when a female displays maternal behavior.
 Species monotocous and polytocous
Higher animal species can be divided into two groups, monotocous and polytocous, by the number
of progeny per birth.

MONOTOCOUS POLYTOCOUS
producing a single egg or an producing many eggs or offsprings
offspring at one time at one time
What are the other animals included? What are the other animals included?
Mammals? Mammals?
Non Mammals? Non Mammals?
FREE MARTIN
HOW ABOUT IT?
 PRECOCIAL
Adult-like offspring

ALTRICIAL
Helpless-vurnerable offspring
Precocial
WHAT IS IT?
An adult-like baby or hatchling, relatively mature after birth or
hatched
Able to provide for themselves
Grow up by instinct
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS?
Eyes are open
Furred or feathered
Spontaneously standing, walking, or swimming
Independent thermoregulator
Not Staying in the nest
Altricial
WHAT IS IT?
Helpless-vurnerable baby or hatchiling
Need intensive parental care
Grow up by learning
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS?
Eyes are closed
Not furred or feathered
Cannot even standing
Dependent thermoregulator
Staying in the nest
 "
WE DO NOT
INHERIT THE EARTH FROM OUR ANCESTORS,
WE BORROW IT FROM OUR CHILDREN."