Proceedings of GT2007

ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea and Air
May 14-17, 2007, Montreal, Canada

GT2007-27578

ADVANCED BOTTOMING CYCLE OPTIMISATION FOR LARGE ALSTOM CCPP

Michael Vollmer Camille Pedretti Alexander Ni Manfred Wirsum

ALSTOM ALSTOM ALSTOM ALSTOM
Brown Boveri Str. 7 Brown Boveri Str. 7 Zentralstr. 40 Zentralstr. 40
5401 Baden 5401 Baden 5242 Birr 5242 Birr
Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland

ABSTRACT ( ""
6
&
)
) * ++,,
+ + , , &
++,, 6 *
) - * 8"
9
* ""7"""

: 7
++,,
*
. +'/ ,01 2 5
*
* )
) ) )
*
3 %4 & *
. + :
+ 5 + 2

6
.3 %4 2
3 %4 INTRODUCTION

& : )
7 - :
*

!""# $%&'(

Downloaded From: http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 02/19/2016 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use

 : -
; < & ' * .
1 ) 2
. @
2
4 = < * . 2 &
. 4/ 6)+ ) 9
2 3 ++,, * 4&,'(
* * 3

& 4&,'(
) - *
: & *
: B # & 3 %4
6 * : - 4&,'(
)
: %+
&
% 43& < 0 <
% 43& ) *
: & -
, * : 0
3,) ,) *
$,) & : & * "
.> 3 ) 3 %4 ) . 2
2

= : < ( , ; 7
/ 5 % .( ',/5%2 & : )

.
* 4&

2 (
) * : & *
. ) 2
& . ) 2 :
.6 2

& : ,%/ < )

,%

/? 6 @ A4 & ,
' * A .4&,'( 2
*
B < & ++,, 4&,'(
) &

. ,0 :2
&

,%/, &
&

'C( %
++,, D

!""# $%&'(

Downloaded From: http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 02/19/2016 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use

 • • 5
• )
•
•
• :

6
*
& *

& *

&
*
) ) *
:
! " # $ % & # ""'

PROCESS MODEL Thermodynamic Modeling

) ) ) ) )
) )
) .
* 2
)
&
.6 !2 )
D
""
• , ) )
4&
.%&2 ) 9
.+& ++ 5+2 .
• % ) * )
3 %4 - 1 2 8"
* - *
• ' *
) 4& &
• . )
2 3 %4
* : &
*
• ) )
3 %4 %& *

• : & )
;
-
• 1

>

!""# $%&'(

Downloaded From: http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 02/19/2016 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use

 Prescribed Steam and Flue Gas Streams Optimised HEX Sequence

-
IP Steam
Ex
ha
& ) : us

Temperature [°C]
t Ga
s
; Cu
rve

LP Steam
' HP Steam

Coil

Heat Transfer Q [MW]

% ) $ % *!+ !
3 %4 &
4& *
% % * , $,
) *
6 3 %4
*
3 %4 ) )
.6 >2
*
) %
4& * )
*
Return Feed
. 2
, D
GT Cooler To
Fuel Gas FWT
Heater
Coil • (
Return

Coil •
Feed
GT • & ) 3 %4
Flue LP
Gas Eco
. 2
Feed )
IP • (
Eco
SF Feed
Gas • (
HP
HP IP Cold IP Cold LP LP Eco
Steam Steam Reheat Reheat Steam Feed

( $ ( $# " Economic Modeling

+
3 %4 & : /,+
&
6
*
* . * F 2 :
- 3 %4
*
3 %4 ) *
%
-
-
* .6 E2 6

!""# $%&'(

Downloaded From: http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 02/19/2016 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use

 . ,02
.6 82

&

.
2 Accumulated Cash Flow

.3 %4 : )
Discounted
2 *
Accumulated Cash Flow
6
: : NPV
* Cash Flow

&
Break Even
Discounted Cash Flow
Point
:
/,+ NTP PAC End of Lifetime

&2 & "% 2

&
*
& : ,0 D
*
3 *
• 5 * . 2
.
*
* 2
• & . &, , +2
& • , . 2
• + . 2
. 2 & • 'C(

9
:
- 6 ,0
.6 @2 *

* .+ /2
Cost *

*
High Parity
+ / ,0

&
,0 *
Low Parity
Power & ) .&+,2
+'/
, - "& ./0 " 10 &2 3
:
& *
& :

G@<

. &,2

!""# $%&'(

Downloaded From: http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 02/19/2016 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use

 EVOLUTIONARY OPTIMIZATION 6 :
:
& * * &
*
) - *
, G "<
Optimization Algorithm
*
/ ./%2 .4 2
) ) / ./ 2 /%
3
4
: 6 : /%
:
' $%&'( :

) * & ) 3
GE< &
* ' *
)
): ; )
6 )4 )% .;64%2 '
) ) * ; ""7""" -

., *D
>! DI2 !
&
)
Penalized Objective Function Formulation

.& G <2 $
.;H G!<2 &
* : & :
:

Process Model Coupling

& * ? *
6 # & . D
) J
&
* * 2D

* = + (" − )
Optimization Thermo-economic process model
toolbox - Plant performance & *
- Total plant investment cost
- Operation expenses and revenues
- Cycle configuration
- Component and system design &
- Violation of component limitations * D
*

Penalized objective function * &

- 3
4

!""# $%&'(

Downloaded From: http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 02/19/2016 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use

 Cost
-
Pareto
-
front
. ,0 Cost Step
+ /2 & (e.g. Generator
change)
Power

Robust Optimization Strategy & $ # $ #% "

* 3
J
Solution Verification and Validation

& :
* D

&
:D

5
.6 K2
4 .5+ $
. ,
Penalized Objective function

! ( )' * *
*

4 .5 % $% % " "
.( ) * ,

-
6 I2 " .

> 0 % )' * !
* *
4 .5 % % %" %" :
/& *
&
*
*
2

E % )' * * > &

4 .5 % $% % % "
.? >
* 2 3 %4 -
+
&
.6 "2

!""# $%&'(

Downloaded From: http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 02/19/2016 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use

 *
)
*
No of Designs

&
> ) 3 ! ) 3
!" ( 9
* .6 2 ;
* ,0 8M
+ / @M > ) 3 .6 !2

Configuration indentifier $ : ,0) / )' *

> ) 3 6
6 ""$# $0 " " $ "
.
2 &
& * ,0 *
J
&
& :

* KA13E2-2, ACC, Hot Conditions

500

& + 3 %& % + 3 %&

490
Net Power Output [MW]

APPLICATION
480

470
*
B >/!)! . 4& >/! 2 460

.>"L+ I"M " > 2 450

) ) 6
Eta, 3pRH

NPV, 3pRH

CoE, 3pRH

Eta, 2pnRH

NPV, 2pnRH

CoE, 2pnRH
! /? 14=.
2 :
@" /? 1
(9 ' & 1 + +

Effect of Optimization Targets & $ # " 5 * 7"8 *

;
B >/!)! D KA13E2-2, ACC, Hot Conditions NPV CoE

) 2% 1.5%

1% 1.0%

0% 0.5%
Relative Net Present Value

Relative Cost of Electricity

*
-1% 0.0%
*
-2% -0.5%
D& *
./ 2 -3% -1.0%

-4% -1.5%

-5% -2.0%
&
-6% -2.5%
: *
Eta, 3pRH

NPV, 3pRH

CoE, 3pRH

Eta, 2pnRH

NPV, 2pnRH

CoE, 2pnRH

.+ /2
. ,02
' & 1 + +

6 6 ! # # " 5 * 7"8 *
* 6

!""# $%&'(

Downloaded From: http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 02/19/2016 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use

 Effect of Supplementary Firing + / "M
,0 * I"M
.6 E2

) 5 ) * 3 %4
-
- 6
> 6 E ,0 * )
3, .6 @2 &
3 %4
@"M KI"L+
& * *
* ++
) ) )
I"B )
"" .6 >2 : ++,,

Plant Net Power

KA13E2-2, ACC, Hot Conditions
Plant Net Efficiency
850 56

800 55

750 54
Net Power Output [MW]

)
Net Efficiency [%]

700 53

650 52 6
600 51

550 50

500 49

450 48
NPV, 1pRH, with

CoE, 1pRH, with

Eta, 3pRH, no SF

NPV, 3pRH, no

CoE, 3pRH, no SF

Eta, 1pRH, with

SF

SF

SF
SF

' & 1 + +

& $ # " 59 ! 7"8!

, : 0 * .# 2 %!

KA13E2-2, ACC, Hot Conditions NPV CoE

80% 5.0%
Effect on Steam Parameter
70% 3.0%

60% 1.0%
Relative Net Present Value

Relative Cost of Electricity

; * ) )
50% -1.0%
) ) 6
40% -3.0%
8
30% -5.0%
* D
20% -7.0%

10% -9.0%
9
0% -11.0%
> ) 3
-10% -13.0%
! 9
Eta, 1pRH, with

NPV, 1pRH, with

Eta, 3pRH, no SF

NPV, 3pRH, no

CoE, 3pRH, no SF

CoE, 1pRH, with

> ) 3
SF

SF

SF
SF

> 9
) 3
' & 1 + + E 9
) 3
) # # " 59 ! 7"8!
* ++
9 * + / .+ 2 *
) 3, !"

!""# $%&'(

Downloaded From: http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 02/19/2016 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use

 CONCLUSION
.+ !2
& *
& .+ > E2
3,) 3 ) )

3,) 3 @I@L+ .
& *
2

& + >
++
!"B + &
+ / ,0
r r
ba ba ba
r
ba
r
0 0
20 10 50 20
600 &
3,4
* )
500 1
2

400
5 *
Temperature [°C]

D
300
3 4 5
1 2
1p-RH, 1p-RH, ! +
3p-RH, 3p-RH,
SF, ACC SF, DC
200 ACC DC
. 2
> ? ) )
E -
100
x=0.90 1,3
x=0.85 4
. 3 %4 2
6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6
2 @ 6
Entropy [kJ/(kgK)]
& *
( # ! & 4& >/!
.
/ +'/ ,02
. ++ 5+ %62 &

- *
-

*
:
++,,
) ) )

"

!""# $%&'(

Downloaded From: http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 02/19/2016 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use

 NOMENCLATURE G>< 4 =% + J= = DA6 ' *
4 & + + N D,
' , 4 $ 0 .?% 2 !"">
, *
GE< 3 J' DA+ 5 *
) % ) / % N/
) + 0 K ! !"" @KP K@
. ) 2
) ) G@< 3 4J0 + DA6 /
( 0 + N> / !""8
% & $ %; ) "D")>!E)!#E> )K
! 5
G8< ,%/ + KK#)!""> % & %
> &
& 4 *
++ + +
++,, + )+ , ,
G#< % 43&0 8" / %
+ / + /
!""" + 4 9 % "" + + !#@ >
+& + &
5+ 5 + GI< = : ,JB *: =J% D +D
/ / A, 4 & 5
/% / % ( 5 % ( ',/5%N D
/ ' , %( /& /
4 4 . 2 = >)8 !""!
4& 4 &
3, 3 1) GK< B J' (J 9 + J( : : J
3 %4 3 % 4 , * /J ( J( Q ; J% ,J, J
, , 1) & D& $D4&,'( DA& )/
%' ' * % * ' * 9 4 & , N 4&!""E)
$, $ , 1) @E!"" , %( /& / !""E ,
,0 , 0 $ % 0 . 2 !""E
&, & ,
3 ) % G "< , %DA/ ( ' *
'C( ' ( + + + , ,
,+ , + +'! % ' N+ 8
.% 2 $ 7/ R- /,6$
3 % $ .% * 2 KKI
%6 % 6
%& % & G < & $J, + J+ & J6 S ( J%
&+, & + , ,DA 5 6 &
1 9 . 2 4 ' * N,
3 ( % ! 3
% $ .% * 2 !""!
REFERENCES
G !< 0 (J J5 ( 5 DA' /
& & ) '
G < ; ' DA + / + + 4 & , , N=
+ + N D, 4 / 0 #K ! !""8
& + /
; .; 2 KK"

G!< ;H 5DA( )' / ' *

4 & + N5 /&3 OH
@!E" % : 0 !""E

!""# $%&'(

Downloaded From: http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 02/19/2016 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use