Gravimetric Analysis Lab

⑦ Key
!
Name: ______________________________

For the first part of this lab you will use FlinnPrep – experiment #3. You can find it by going to the flinn prep
site and then clicking the + at the far right and then selecting box 3.

Begin by watching the video at the top and answering the following questions.

1. What is a gravimetric analysis?

① 2. What is the ion that you will be looking to analyze in the first part of this lab?

For each of the following common gravimetric errors- indicate whether that will make your numbers too
low or too high compared to your stoichiometric prediction and indicate how to avoid the error.

3. The side of the reaction beaker is not rinsed and precipitate is left on the side of the beaker.
low t loss of solid = low Product = low reactant

4. You didn’t rinse the precipitate repeatedly with distilled water so excess ions are left on it.
reactant
excess weight =
heavy products high
high t
que ;%¥oI )
to

5. The pore size of your filter paper is too large.

/ ow t loss of solid = low Product - low reactant

6. The final precipitate is weighed before it was 100% dry.

reactant
excess weight =
heavy products high
high T
( due to water )
7. You forget to mass your filter paper at the start so you scrape the precipitate off the paper.

( ow t loss of solid = low Product - low reactant

 Scroll to the introductory activity and watch how the suction filtration apparatus is used.

1. Describe the set up.

2. What should you do if solid goes through the filter paper?

④
3. Why would you need to mass the filter paper before the experiment?

Part 1: “Introductory Activity”

1. In the space below create the reaction for this lab which reacts sodium carbonate with calcium chloride.
Be sure to balance it and include all phases in parenthesis.

2 NaCl Laa)
t Cac03 ( s)
Nazcoz Caq) t Caclzlaq, →

hot 4

④ egobatcis
+

2. Write a total and net ionic equation for this reaction. Indicate all spectator ions.

① 2Nq, t 05 caq ,
-

t Ca "caq, tha , → 2¥, t # aq) t Ca costs)

① COT caq , "caq,

Ca Ca costs)
-

t →

Nat ki
-

①
-
spectator ions
 3. A student does the lab following the directions listed in the flinn prep website. Using their data below…
a. What is the limiting reactant, sodium carbonate or calcium chloride?
b. What is the theoretical mass of solid that should be produced?
c. What is the percent yield of the experiment?
d. What is one error that may have led to this discrepancy?

Mass of sodium carbonate (g) 2.512 grams

Mass of calcium chloride (g) 2.011 grams

Mass of filter paper (g) 1.505g

Mass of final product (g)

3.266g

2.5I2gNazl031molNazC03flymmoolgCaC03.i@lFgnaco.ag does
A .

- =
"

2.okgcackflmdg.ci?i ./immoicaii#-- Coign)

work 0.01812M"
110.98 Cacoz made

① Cache reactant Nazcoz excess reactant

limiting
-
.

answ
'

①work ④ answer 2
b
#q=/l812gcacoTy
. 0.01812 molcacoz 100.09g CaC03

④ work ④ answers
3.26%4-545×10040=97.740
-
C-

options filtering loss ④

d
,
mass lost -

beaker loss
.
 Part 2: Gravimetric Analysis of an Unknown
Mr. Bear’s organic chemistry students make soap using NaOH solution. As is typical, Mr. Bear forgot to label
his bottle of NaOH. He knows it is either 25% by mass or 33% by mass- meaning for a 100 gram sample of
solution it either contains 25 grams or 33 grams of NaOH and the rest water. The difference means soap that
will or will not work- so he has to figure out exactly what he’s working with.

Goal: Using gravimetric analysis- determine what percentage his NaOH solution is.

Mr. Bear has the following chemicals available to him: KCl, CaCl2, ZnCl2, BaCl2, AlCl3. Because these span past
the solubility rules established by the AP board, Mr. Bear does not have all of the possible precipitates
memorized so he pulls up the table below.

1. Using the table above, create molecular reactions, total ionic equations, and net ionic equations for
each reactant combination with NaOH. Indicate which option(s) would be feasible for Mr. Bear to use
for the rest of the experiment and why.

①
KOH Caq
Kclcaa → NaCl caa, t ,
NaOH can, t
>

slight
Ca ( OHL ( s,
Sol

Csf
.

Caclzcaq)
→ 2 NaCl lag)
t

2NaOH Caq)
t

Calo Hh
Caitaqytrfctcaq, 2Naag¥taq ,
+

④
→

Natant
-

20h caq,
t

20h caq, Caitaq)

t
→
Calo Hh Cs)

→
2 NaCl t Zn ( OH ) 2 is,
2NaOH face) Znclzlaq)

⑧Natant
t lag,

2h10 Hh
20h
-

caq,
t
Znitaqytrfctcaq, →
2Na¥taq ,
+ Cs)

20h caq,
-

Znitaq)
t
→
2h10 Hk ( s)
 Back
Ba ( 0h12
④ 2 NaCl Laa) Alas
t
Baclzlaq)
→
2NaOH face) t lace,

Allo thus ,
t 3 Nacllae )
3 NaOH can t
Aklzcaqy →

Allo thus , 3 Natcaq,

t
Klaas
AIYaq,
-
t
3Nature) 3OHIaq , 34 caq ,
⑦
t t →
t

30 H'cant AIYaq, → Allott ) 3cg

calotte slightly soluble .

So .
. .
Caclz - produces

( ]o¥Es !H
Aklz
feasa
2nd .

( 2. Google your precipitate options and make a final decision here: Mr. Bear should use

either option
__________________________
above
because: either produces a solid precip .

⑦
3. Mr. Bear takes a 10.08 g sample of the mystery NaOH solution and puts it into a beaker. In order to

NaOH
make this lab successful he would want _________________ to be the limiting reactant and

the other to be in excess because: z all the NaOH needs to

______________
be
,
reacted to accurately measure
it's quantity .

① ⑤
o.os4O2←tGBGfdGg
4. In 10.08 g of the 25% NaOH solution you would have __________ 0.06302
2.520 grams and _________ moles NaOH.

3. 360 grams and _________ moles NaOH.

5. In 10.08 g of the 33% NaOH solution you would have __________
 6. In the space below calculate the minimum amount of your chosen secondary reactant that would be

!Egrah
needed to exactly react with both a 25% and 33% NaOH solution. Obviously since you don’t know
which one you have- you’d want to design your reaction around the larger value.

Akly
252OgNaotf%Y÷⇐¥g
""
25% 's 2.770g
Ally
131.8889A " "

3.360gnaot.az#lmTAkbeither/or 3.694g A- Cly

( moi Alds
33%

OI

zs-%25oohotljmgn.fm#ii.%EcYIt4.2l8g2nck
2mHz

33% 3-360gnaotllg.name#nai.WoiEWk--5.624g2nlk
7. Write a clear procedure for how you would complete this experiment given the videos you saw in part
1. It needs to contain enough detail to where Mr. Bear could do you experiment based on what you
have created.

④ basically
anything
 8. Mr. Bear performs your gravimetric experiment with his 10.08 grams of his NaOH solution and gets the
data below. Using the mass of the precipitate formed, calculate the amount of NaOH in grams in his
starting solution – and the NaOH %.
collected
2.458g
-

Mass of Filter Paper 1.161 grams mass

-

Mass of Filter Paper + precipitate 4.354 grams

X
3.619g f 2
t②f
-

gAHot h zmo.d e#ADzade/ 3 moNaHusedggi yddsede=3.7 8l

Alcott ) , -7.458

77999A 'Ll:D tmotttkomtaabe nason

¥¥÷¥inn%
.

°
either Lor

zncoi.o8g-.dz?4S8g2nlhmade/97-935ghl
room
To NaOH
lmol2#ade/
-19.91%
ImNuOHsed/
mhadetmdlmh.de m39*OHsed=z.ooyg NaOH

9. Given the error in Mr. Bear’s result- determine what he may have done incorrectly during the lab.

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