Temperature pg 2
Body temperature is measure of
your body’s ability to make and
get rid of heat. When you get
too hot, the blood vessels in
your skin widen to carry the ex-
cess heat to your skin’s surface.
Resulting in sweating which
helps the body cool whenever it
evaporates. When your too cold,
your blood vessels narrow. This
reduces blood flow to your skin
to save body heat. Temperature
can be measured all over your
body such as your rectum,
mouth, armpit, ear, and fore-
head. Thermometers show the
body’s temperature in either
Fahrenheit of Celsius. Normal
body temperature for oral is 98.6
F, Rectal is 99.6 F, and Axillary
(armpit) is 97.6 F. Fever is when
body temperature oral is 100.4 F
or higher. Low body temperature
(hypothermia) is when the
body’s temperature drops below
95 F. Hyperthermia (heat stroke)
is when the temperature exceeds
100.4 F which could be fatal.
Pulse pg 1
Pulse is the rate of which you
heart beats. It is based on rate,
rhythm and volume. Usually the
pulse is called your heart rate,
which is the number of times
the heart beats per minute
(BPM). The rhythm and strength
is the beating from blood push-
ing against the wall of an artery
as the heart beats and rest. The
volume is changes in rhythm or
heart rate, a weak pulse, or a Vi t a l S i g n s : w h a t
hard blood vessel may be y o u n e e d t o k n o w.
caused by heart disease or an-
other problem. You can feel a
pulsing in some of the blood
vessels close to the skin’s sur-
face. Such as in your neck, side
of your forehead, inner aspect
of forearm, inner wrist, upper
thigh, behind the knee, the foot
arch, and behind the ankle to
see how fast your heart is beat- D a n n y L u t ka u s ka s
ing. Your doctor will check your
pulse during examination or an 2/12/2021
emergency. You pulse will be
faster after exercise, fever,
shock, and nervous tension. The
pulse slows down when at rest.
Sources pg 6
Pulse:
https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-
library/hw233473#:~:text=Your%
20pulse%20is%20the%20rate,vessel%
20feels%20hard%20or%20soft.
Pulse measurement Michigan Medicine
Temperature:
https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-
library/hw198785#:~:text=Results-
,Body%20temperature%20is%20a%
20measure%20of%20your%20body's%
20ability%20to,rectum%2C%20armpit%
2C%20or%20ear.&text=Normal%
3A,F%20(37%C2%B0C).
Body temperature Michigan Medicine
Blood pressure:
https://www.keckmedicine.org/
everything-you-need-to-know-about-
blood-pressure/
Everything you need to know about
blood pressure Keck Medicine of USC
Respiration:
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/
articles/21205-respiratory-
system#:~:text=The%20respiratory%
20system%20is%20the,waste%
20gases%20like%20carbon%20dioxide.
Respiratory systems Cleveland Clinics
Respiration pg 5
Respiration is a measurement of
breathing in a patient. Breathing
takes one inspiration of oxygen
and one expiration of carbon di-
oxide. The mouth and nose takes
in air outside your body into your
respiratory system. Where the
pharynx (throat) is a tube that
delivers air that was received
from your mouth and nose. Then
the bronchial tubes which are
located at the bottom of your
windpipe that connect into each
lung. Where your lungs delivers
oxygen to all your organs and
tissues. Respiration is partially
under voluntary control. The nor-
mal breaths per minute is 14-18
for an adult, 12-20 for wider
adults, 16-25 for children, and 30
-50 for infants. Abnormal respira-
tions are respiration to where
there is no breathing at all or hy-
perventilation is occurring. Some
examples are dyspnea, apnea,
tachypnea, bradypnea, or-
thopnea, Cheyne-strokes, and
rales. To have healthy respira-
tion, avoid pollutants, avoid
smoking, eat healthy, and exer-
cise regularly.
Blood Pressure pg 4
Blood pressure is the force that
moves blood through our circula-
tory system. Without blood pres-
sure white blood cells, oxygen or
nutrients would not be distributed
to our tissue or organs. Blood
pressure is measured by oscillom-
eter machine and two numbers
systolic pressure and diastolic
pressure. Systolic pressure is on
the numerator which is the
amount of pressure in the arteries
during the contraction of the
heart muscle. The diastolic pres-
sure is the denominator and is the
measure of blood pressure when
the heart muscle is between
beats. Normal blood pressure is
the top number is less than 120
and the bottom is less than 80.
When blood pressure is too low it
is called hypotension and when
blood pressure is too high it is
called hypertension. To maintain
healthy blood pressure keep a
healthy body weight, cut down
sodium intake, regular aerobic ex-
ercises, and less alcohol intake.