Huawei

Huawei Technologies Group Co., Ltd.

Headquarters in Shenzhen, Guangdong

Native name 华为技术有限公司

Romanized name Huáwèi jìshù yǒuxiàn gōngsī

Type Private

ISIN HK0000HWEI11

 Consumer electronics
Industry
 Telecom equipment
 Networking equipment
 Semiconductors

Founded September 15, 1987

Founder Ren Zhengfei

Headquarters Shenzhen
, 
 China

Area served Worldwide (exempting United States since

2019)

Key people Ren Zhengfei (Founder & CEO)

Liang Hua (chairman)
Meng Wanzhou (CFO)

Products  Mobile and fixed broadband

networks
 consultancy and managed services
 multimedia technology
 smartphones
 tablet computers
 dongles
 smart TV
 Harmony OS
 EMUI

Brands Huawei, Honor (2013–2020)

 CN¥858.833 billion (2019)[1]

Revenue

Operating income  CN¥77.835 billion (2019)

Net income  CN¥62.656 billion (2019)

 CN¥858.661 billion (2019)

Total assets
 CN¥295.537 billion (2019)
Total equity

Number of 194,000 (2019)[1]

employees

Parent Huawei Investment & Holding[2]

Subsidiaries Honor (2013–2020)
Amartus
Caliopa
Chinasoft International
FutureWei Technologies
HexaTier
HiSilicon
iSoftStone

Website www.huawei.com

Footnotes / references
 [3]

Huawei

"Huawei" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese

characters

Simplified Chinese 华为

Traditional Chinese 華為

Literal meaning "Splendid Achievement" or "Chinese

Achievement"

showTranscriptions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Simplified Chinese 华为技术有限公司

Traditional Chinese 華為技術有限公司

showTranscriptions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (/ˈhwɑːˌweɪ/; Chinese: 华为; pinyin:  Huáwéi) is

a Chinese multinational technology company headquartered
in Shenzhen, Guangdong. It designs, develops, and sells telecommunications
equipment and consumer electronics.[4]
The company was founded in 1987 by Ren Zhengfei, a former Deputy Regimental
Chief in the People's Liberation Army.[5] Initially focused on manufacturing phone
switches, Huawei has expanded its business to include building
telecommunications networks, providing operational and consulting services and
equipment to enterprises inside and outside of China, and manufacturing
communications devices for the consumer market.[6][7] Huawei has over 194,000
employees as of December 2019.[8]
Huawei has deployed its products and services in more than 170 countries.[9] It
overtook Ericsson in 2012 as the largest telecommunications equipment
manufacturer in the world,[10] and overtook Apple in 2018 as the second-largest
manufacturer of smartphones in the world, behind Samsung Electronics.[11] In 2018,
Huawei reported that its annual revenue was US$108.5 billion.[12] In July 2020,
Huawei surpassed Samsung and Apple to become the top smartphone brand (in
number of phones shipped) in the world for the first time.[13] This was primarily due
to a drop in Samsung's global sales in the second quarter of 2020, owing to the
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.[13][14][15]
Although successful internationally, Huawei has faced difficulties in some markets,
due to claims of undue state support, links to the People's Liberation Army,
and cybersecurity concerns—primarily from the United States government—that
Huawei's infrastructure equipment may enable surveillance by the Chinese
government.[16][17] With the development of 5G wireless networks, there have been
calls from the U.S. and its allies to not do any kind of business with Huawei or
other Chinese telecommunications companies such as ZTE.[18] Huawei has argued
that its products posed "no greater cybersecurity risk" than those of any other
vendor and that there is no evidence of the U.S. espionage claims.[19] Questions
regarding Huawei's ownership and control as well as concerns regarding the extent
of state support also remain.[16] Huawei has also been accused of assisting in the
surveillance and mass detention of Uyghurs in the Xinjiang re-education camps,
which have resulted in sanctions by the United States Department of State.[20][21]
[22]
 Huawei tested facial recognition AI capable of recognizing ethnicity-specific
features to alert government authorities to members of the ethnic group.[23]
In the midst of an ongoing trade war between China and the United States, Huawei
was restricted from doing commerce with U.S. companies due to alleged previous
willful violations of U.S. sanctions against Iran. On 29 June 2019, U.S.
President Donald Trump reached an agreement to resume trade talks with China
and announced that he would ease the aforementioned sanctions on Huawei.
Huawei cut 600 jobs at its Santa Clara research center in June, and in December
2019 founder Ren Zhengfei said it was moving the center to Canada because the
restrictions would block them from interacting with US employees.[24][25] On
November 17, 2020, Huawei agreed to sell the Honor brand to Shenzen Zhixin
New Information Technology to "ensure its survival", after the US sanctions against
them.[26]

Contents

 1Name
 2History
o 2.1Early years
o 2.2Foreign expansion
o 2.3Recent performance
 3Corporate affairs
o 3.1Leadership
  3.1.1Board of Directors
 3.1.2Executives
o 3.2Ownership
 4Partners
 5Products and services
o 5.1Telecommunication networks
o 5.2Global services
o 5.3Devices
o 5.4Phones
 5.4.1History of Huawei phones
o 5.5Laptops
o 5.6Tablets
o 5.7Wearables
o 5.8Software
 5.8.1EMUI (Emotion User Interface)
 5.8.2Harmony OS
 5.8.3Huawei Mobile Services (HMS)
 6Competitive position
o 6.1R&D centers
 7Controversies
o 7.1Early business practices
o 7.2Allegations of espionage
o 7.3Allegations of fraud and conspiracy to subvert sanctions against Iran
o 7.4Allegations of intellectual property theft
o 7.5Allegations of involvement in Xinjiang re-education camps
o 7.6Allegations of collusion between Huawei and the Chinese Communist
Party apparatus
o 7.7U.S. business restrictions
o 7.8Canadian response
 7.8.1Huawei's response and stockpiling
 7.8.2Replacement operating systems (Harmony OS)
 8See also
 9References
 10External links

Name[edit]
According to the company founder Ren Zhengfei, the name Huawei comes from a
slogan he saw on a wall, Zhonghua youwei meaning "China has promise" (中华有
为, Zhōnghuá yǒuwéi), when he was starting up the company and needed a name.
[27]
 Zhonghua or Hua means China,[28] while youwei means "promising/to show
promise".[29][30] Huawei has also been translated as "splendid achievement" or "China
is able", which are possible readings of the name.[31] In Chinese pinyin, the name
is Huáwéi,[32] and pronounced [xwǎwéi] in Mandarin Chinese; in Cantonese, the
name is transliterated with Jyutping as Waa4-wai4 and pronounced [wȁːwɐ̏i].
However, pronunciation of Huawei by non-Chinese varies in other countries, for
example "Hoe-ah-wei" in Belgium and the Netherlands.[33] The company had
considered changing the name in English out of concern that non-Chinese people
may find it hard to pronounce,[34] but decided to keep the name, and launched a
name recognition campaign instead to encourage a pronunciation closer to "Wah-
Way" using the words "Wow Way".[35][36]

History[edit]
Early years[edit]
During the 1980s, the Chinese government tried to modernize the country's
underdeveloped telecommunications infrastructure. A core component of the
telecommunications network was telephone exchange switches, and in the late
1980s, several Chinese research groups endeavored to acquire and develop the
technology, usually through joint ventures with foreign companies.
Ren Zhengfei, a former deputy director of the People's Liberation
Army engineering corps, founded Huawei in 1987 in Shenzhen. The company
reports that it had RMB 21,000 (about $5,000 at the time) in registered capital from
Ren Zhengfei and five other investors at the time of its founding where each
contributed RMB 3,500.[37] They include Mei Zhongxing, manager at Shenzhen
Sanjiang Electronics Co.; Zhang Xiangyang, a member of the Shenzhen Bureau of
Development Planning; Wu Huiqing, an accountant at Shenzhen Petrochemical
Co.; Shen Dingzing, a manager at Zhuhai Communications Equipment
Manufacturing Co.; and Chen Jinyang, a manager in the trade department of the
state-run China Travel Service in Shenzhen. These five initial investors gradually
withdrew their investments in Huawei.
Ren sought to reverse engineer foreign technologies with local researchers. At a
time when all of China's telecommunications technology was imported from
abroad, Ren hoped to build a domestic Chinese telecommunication company that
could compete with, and ultimately replace, foreign competitors.[38]
Durante sus primeros años, el modelo comercial de la empresa consistió
principalmente en la reventa de conmutadores de centralita privada (PBX)
importados de Hong Kong. [6] [39] Mientras tanto, realizó ingeniería inversa de
interruptores importados e invirtió fuertemente en investigación y desarrollo para
fabricar sus propias tecnologías. [6] En 1990, la empresa contaba con
aproximadamente 600 empleados en I + D y comenzó su propia comercialización
independiente de conmutadores PBX destinados a hoteles y pequeñas
empresas. [40]
El primer gran avance de la compañía se produjo en 1993 cuando lanzó su
conmutador telefónico controlado por programa C & C08. Fue, con mucho, el
interruptor más poderoso disponible en China en ese momento. Al implementar
inicialmente en ciudades pequeñas y áreas rurales y poner énfasis en el servicio y
la personalización, la compañía ganó participación de mercado y se abrió camino
en el mercado principal. [41]
Huawei también ganó un contrato clave para construir la primera red nacional de
telecomunicaciones para el Ejército Popular de Liberación, un acuerdo que un
empleado describió como "pequeño en términos de nuestro negocio general, pero
grande en términos de nuestras relaciones". [42] En 1994, el fundador Ren Zhengfei
tuvo una reunión con el secretario general del Partido, Jiang Zemin , y le dijo que
"la tecnología de equipos de conmutación estaba relacionada con la seguridad
nacional, y que una nación que no tenía su propio equipo de conmutación era
como una que carecía de su propio ejército ". Según los informes, Jiang estuvo de
acuerdo con esta evaluación. [6]
En la década de 1990, el gigante canadiense de las
telecomunicaciones Nortel subcontrató la producción de toda su línea de
productos a Huawei. [43] [ dudoso  -  discutir ] Posteriormente también subcontrataron gran parte
de su ingeniería de producto a Huawei. [44] [ dudoso  -  discutir ]
Otro punto de inflexión importante para la empresa se produjo en 1996 cuando el
gobierno de Beijing adoptó una política explícita de apoyo a los fabricantes de
telecomunicaciones nacionales y restringió el acceso a los competidores
extranjeros. Huawei fue promovida tanto por el gobierno como por el ejército como
un campeón nacional y estableció nuevas oficinas de investigación y desarrollo. [6]