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Vol. 8 No.1 Juni 2012 Hal. 107 - 121: Jurnal Infestasi
Vol. 8 No.1 Juni 2012 Hal. 107 - 121: Jurnal Infestasi
Vol. 8 No.1 Juni 2012 Hal. 107 - 121: Jurnal Infestasi
Anita Carolina
Program Studi Akuntansi, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura
Jl. Raya Telang Po.Box. 02 Kamal, Bangkalan-Madura
Email: nietaff@yahoo.com
Abstract
This study is designed to cast light on the issue of corruption from diverse
viewpoints, which is so deeply rooted in every aspect of life these days. Anti-
corruption approaches on the part of the government are not expected to be so
successful because the problem is too complicated. That is why appropriate
comprehension of the issue is required first. This study explores the anti-corruption
and corruption-preventive systems in Asia, especially in Singapore, Hong Kong,
Thailand and Indonesia. Moreover, this study compares how those countries
combat corruption with the aim of ascertaining why Singapore and Hong Kong are
more effective in curbing corruption than Thailand and Indonesia. Singapore, Hong
Kong, Thailand and Indonesia have relied on a single anti-corruption agency (ACA)
to implement the anti-corruption laws.
This study concludes that the critical difference between success and failure in
combating corruption in Asian countries is the political will of the government.
Singapore and Hong Kong are more effective in corruption control because their
governments have demonstrated their commitment by enforcing the comprehensive
anticorruption laws impartially and providing the CPIB and ICAC with adequate
personnel and budget to enable them to perform their functions effectively. In
contrast, Thailand and Indonesia are less effective in curbing corruption because
their governments lack the political will as reflected in the higher staff-population
ratios and lower per capita expenditures of their ACAs and the selective
enforcement of the anti-corruption laws. In addition to political will, the favourable
policy contexts of Singapore and Hong Kong have enhanced the effectiveness of the
CPIB and ICAC. On the other hand, the unfavourable policy contexts of Thailand
and Indonesia have hindered the effectiveness of their ACAs.
Key words: Corruption, Anti Corruption Agency, System Anti Corruption, Political
Will.
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108
Tabel 1
Indikator peringkat korupsi di Indonesia, Hong Kong, Singapura dan Thailand
berdasarkan PERC dan CPI tahun 1995-2010.
Indikator PERC CPI
Tahun Indonesia Hong Kong Singapura Thailand Indonesia Hong KongSingapura Thailand
1995 7.30 2.8 1.2 5.90 1.94 7.12 9.26 2.79
1996 7.69 2.79 1.09 6.55 2.65 7.01 8.80 3.33
1997 8.67 3.03 1.05 7.49 2.72 7.28 8.66 3.06
1998 8.95 2.74 1.43 8.29 2.0 7.8 9.1 3.0
1999 9.91 4.06 1.55 7.57 1.72 7.7 9.1 3.2
2000 9.88 2.49 0.71 8.20 1.72 7.7 9.1 3.2
2001 9.67 3.77 0.83 8.55 1.9 7.9 9.2 3.2
2002 9.92 3.33 0.90 8.89 1.9 8.2 9.3 3.2
2003 9.33 3.61 0.38 8.75 1.9 8.0 9.4 3.3
2004 9.25 3.60 0.50 7.80 2.0 8.0 9.3 3.6
2005 9.10 3.50 0.65 7.20 2.2 8.3 9.4 3.8
2006 8.16 3.13 1.30 7.64 2.4 8.3 9.4 3.6
2007 8.03 1.87 1.20 8.03 2.3 8.3 9.3 3.3
2008 7.98 1.80 1.13 8.00 2.6 8.1 9.2 3.5
2009 8.32 1.89 1.07 7.63 2.8 8.2 9.2 3.4
2010 9.27 2.67 1.42 7.60 2.8 8.4 9.3 3.5
Sumber: CPI (2010); World Bank (2010)