People’s Biodiversity Register (PBR)

S
Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC)
Gram Panchayat Batahan
Block Sullah District Kangra-H.P

Himachal Pradesh State Biodiversity Board

1
2
 Acknowledgement
Foremost ,I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Honourable Deputy commissioner
Sh. Rakesh Kumar Parajapati , Additional Deputy Commissioner Sh. Raghav Sharma , Sh.
Ashwani Kumar Sharma Distt Panchayat Officer Kangra at Dharamshala Himachal Pradesh
for giving me the opportunity to document and gather the information of the preparation of
peoples biodiversity registers (PBRs)containing comprehensive information on availability
and knowledge of local biological resources, their medicinal or any other use and traditional
knowledge (TK) associated with them and providing individual guidance throughout this
research.

I am also thankful to Dr Pankaj Sharma Sr. Scientific Officer Himachal Pradesh State
Biodiversity Board Shimla for his dynamic vision , sincerity and motivation have deeply
inspired me.

I would also like to thanks Horticulture Development Officer , Agriculture Development

Officer , Panchayat Inspector , Sub Inspector Panchayat , Panchayat Secretary and Patwari
who helped me a lot in finalizing this project. my sincere thanks also goes to inhabitants ,
farmers and vaids of the biodiversity Management committee (BMCs) Pradhan Gram
Panchayat Batahan District Kangra Himachal Pradesh who has provided me useful
information about biodiversity.

Last but not least, I owe a handful of thanks to Sh. Sikander Singh Block Development
Officer (BDO) Sullah District Kangra Himachal Pradesh who revealed endless efforts to
support me during my quest for the preparation of People Biodiversity Register(PBRs). And
also thankful to Sh Sanjay Kumar who helped, guide and motivated me time to time in
finalizing this project.

With best regards

Shamli Rana & Diksha Rana

3
Certificate

4
 Foreword
The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and Biological Diversity Rules, 2004 have been enacted
for conservation, sustainable use and sharing of benefits accruing out of the use of biological
resources and traditional knowledge based on bio-resources on equity and gender basis in
the country and enshrine to cover various aspects of biodiversity needs at the State level.

The Biological Diversity act, 2002 has provisions to document the biodiversity at the
Village/ Panchayat/ Block/ Zila Parishad/ Municipal/ Notified Area Committee level
surroundings, in the form of people’s Biodiversity Resisters. Preparation of People’s
biodiversity Resisters (PBR) is mandatory for every local body that is considered as the
smallest unit which can develop mechanisms to control the use, overuse and exploitation of
the biodiversity as the existing jurisdiction of local body. Therefore, it is important to initiate
the process of PBR preparation in the State. As the part of the provisions of the Biological
Diversity act, 2002 the formulation of Biodiversity Management Committee at local body
level is mandatory too. Preparation of PBR is an important main task of the Biodiversity
Management committees.

I am sure that the guidelines document will help Biodiversity Management

Committees (BMCs) and all stakeholders of biodiversity for creating awareness about
biodiversity and building their capacity for preparation of People’s Biodiversity Resisters
(PBRs) in the state at local body level with the involvement & support of the H.P. State
Biodiversity Board.

Member Secretary
H.P. State Biodiversity Board
State Council for Science Technology
and Environment, 34-SDA Complex,
Kasumpti, Shimla-9

5
 CONTENTS
S.No. Perticulars Page No.
1 Introduction 8
2 Synoptic view, Interaction, Waterscape, Temples, Agriculture 9
crops, Horticulture crops, Fuel and Fodder, Medicinal plants,
Domesticated Animals and Faunal diversity
3 Achievements 13
Part I
Format I Peoples’ Biodiversity Register (PBR): General Details 14
Annexure 1 Details of Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC) of the 15
Panchayat (One elected Chairperson and six Persons nominated
by the local body; not less than one third to be women and not
less than 18% belonging to SC/ST)
Annexure 2 List of Vaids, hakims and traditional health care (human and 17
livestock) practitioners residing and or using biological
resources occurring within the jurisdiction of the village
Annexure 3 List of individuals perceived by the villagers to possess 18
Traditional Knowledge (TK) related to biodiversity in agriculture,
fisheries, and forestry
Annexure 4 Details of schools, colleges, departments, universities, 19
government institutions, non-governmental organization and
individuals involved in the preparation of the PBR
Annexure 5 Details of access to biological resources and traditional 20
knowledge granted, details of the collection fee imposed and
details of the benefits derived and the mode of their sharing
Part II
PBR – Formats: AGROBIODIVERSITY
Format 1 Crop plants 21
Format 2 Fruit plants 49
Format 3 Fodder crops/ species 57
Format 4 Weeds 65
Format 5 Pests of crops 76
Format 6 Markets for Domesticated animals 98
Format 7 Peoplescape 99
Format 8 Landscape 107
Format 9 Waterscape 108
Format 10 Soil type 111
DOMESTICATED BIODIVERSITY
Format 11 Fruit trees 112
Format 12 Medicinal Plants (Herbs, Shrubs, Trees etc.) 118
Format 13 Ornamental Plants/ Trees/Climbers etc. 180
Format 14 Timber Plants / Trees 135
Format 15 Domesticated Animals 139
Format 16 Culture Fisheries 143
Format 17 Markets / Fairs for Domesticated Animals, Medicinal Plants and 147
other products
WILD BIODIVERSITY

6
Format 18 Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, Tubers, Grasses, Climbers etc. 148
Format 19 Wild Plant Species of Importance 156
Format 20 Aquatic Biodiversity 158
Format 21 Wild Aquatic Plant Species of Importance 161
Format 22 Wild Plants of Medicinal Importance 162
Format 23 Wild relatives of Crops 167
Format 24 Ornamental Plants 168
Format 25 Fumigate / Chewing Plants 175
Format 26 Timber Plants 177
Format 27 Coastal and Marine Flora 182
A
Format 27 Coastal and Marine Fauna 182
B
Format 28 Wild Animals (Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibia, Insects, 183
others)
URBAN BIODIVERSITY
Format 29 Flora 195
Format 30 Fauna 195
Format 31 Any other information of local importance 195

7
 Introduction

Gram Panchayat Batahan is situated in Sullah block of Distt. Kangra . It is situated at an

elevation of 1254 m from sea level. It lies between 31055’55” North latitude and 76027’14”
East longitude. 435 families residing in the village and village has population of 1821 of
which 922 are males while 899 are females. The main staple food of the panchayat is wheat,
rice and maize. Among vegetables tomato, cauliflower, ladyfinger, pumpkin and pea are the
main crops for the people living in this panchayat.
This Panchayat is located 50KM away from district headquarters Dharamshala and 25Km
away from Palampur . The four villages in Batahan Gram Panchayat are ; Batahan , Chalah ,
Kotwal Lahar and Malehar .
In Batahan Panchayat there is a famous temple of Lord Shiva named ‘Chokdu Mahadev’ ,
this temple has its own religious value to the people of this panchayat , the temple is also
known as ‘ Shri Hanuman Vatika ’ . This temple comes under Kotwal Lahar village of
Batahan Panchayat .

Map of Batahan Panchayat

8
Synoptic view of Panchayat

Information generation

Storage of fodder and fuel

9
Temple(Chokdu Mahadev)

10
 Viola canescens Cynodon dactylon

Achyranthes aspera Rubus ellipticus

Medicinal plants

Ageratum conyzoids Amaranthus viridis

11
Cyperus iria Echinochloa colona
Weeds

House Sparrow Myna

Pieris rapae Grasshopper

Faunal Diversity

12
 Achievements

1166

2439
Total population
Male
1273 Female

13
 Part -I
Peoples’ Biodiversity Register (PBR): General Details

Name of the Panchayat Samiti (BMC): Batahan

Taluk: Thural , Himachal Pradesh

District: Kangra

State: Himachal Pradesh

Geographical Area of the Panchayat Samiti: - 434 Hectares

Population under the Panchayat Samiti:

Total Population - 1821, Male – 922, Female - 899

Topography: Latitude: 310 55’55”N, Longitude: 76027’14” E

Elevation: 1254 m

Climate (Rainfall, Temperature and other weather patterns): Warm & Temperate

Land Use (Nine fold classification available with village records): Yes

Date, Month and Year of PBR preparation: August, 2020

Management Regime: Reserve Forests (RF) / Joint Forest Management (JFM) /

Protected Areas (PA) / Community Owned and Managed Forests (COM): NA

14
 Annexure 1

Details of Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC) of the Panchayat

(One elected Chairperson and six Persons nominated by the local body; not
less than one third to be women and not less than 18% belonging to SC/ST)

1 Name of the Chairperson: Mr. Goverdhan Sharma

Age: 65
Gender: Male
Address: Village Batahan, P.O.- Thural, Tehsil-
Thural
Contact Number: 8628854737
Area of specialization: Village Pradhan

2
Name : Mr. Praveen Kumar
Age: 40
Gender: Male
Address: Village Ridkal, P.O.-Bandahu, Tehsil-
Jaisinghpur
Contact Number: 8626964125
Area of specialization: BMC Secretary

3
Name : Mr. Gorakh Ram
Age: 65
Gender: Male
Address: Village Kotwal Lahar, P.O.-Sai, Tehsil-
Thural
Contact Number: 9805817763
Area of specialization: BMC member

4
Name: Mr. Pardeep Kumar
Age: 62
Gender: Male
Address: Village Kotwal Lahar, P.O.- Sai, Tehsil-
Thural
Contact Number: 9816348996
Area of specialization: BMC member

15
5
Name: Mr. Dhan Raj Sharma
Age: 70
Gender: Male
Address: Village Batahan, P.O.- Thural, Tehsil-
Thural
Contact Number: 9816494240
Area of specialization: BMC member

16
 Annexure 2

List of Vaids, hakims and traditional health care (human and livestock)
practitioners residing and or using biological resources occurring within
the jurisdiction of the village

1.Name:
Age:
Gender:
Address:
Contact Number:
Area of specialization:
Location from which the
person accesses biological material:

2.Name :
Age:
Gender:
Address:
Contact Number:
Area of specialization:
Location from which the
person accesses biological material :

3.Name :
Age (years):
Gender:
Address:
Contact Number:
Area of specialization:
Location from which the
person accesses biological material :

4.Name :
Age (years):
Gender:
Address:
Contact Number:
Area of specialization:
Location from which the
person accesses biological material :

Annexure 3

17
 List of individuals perceived by the villagers to possess Traditional
Knowledge (TK) related to biodiversity in agriculture, fisheries, and
forestry

1. Name: Mr. Rahim Baksh

Age: 40
Gender: Male
Address & Ph. No. Village Challah P.O. Bachwai Tehsil Thural
Distt. Kangra
9857888719
Area of Specialization: Milk Seller

2. Name: Mr. Sabdeen

Age: 50
Gender: Male
Address & Ph. No. Village Challah P.O. Bachwai Tehsil Thural
Distt. Kangra
8894863312

Area of Specialization: Milk Seller

Annexure 4

18
 Details of schools, colleges, departments, universities, government
institutions, non-governmental organization and individuals involved in
the preparation of the PBR

1. Contact Person Sh. Praveen Kumar

Name, Address & Ph.No.: Secretary of Gram Phanchyat Batahan
Ph. No. 8626964125

2. Contact Person Sh. Goverdhan Sharma

Name, Address & Ph.No.: Pradhan of Gram Phanchyat Batahan
Ph. No. 8628854737

19
 Annexure 5

Details of access to biological resources and traditional knowledge granted,

details of the collection fee imposed and details of the benefits derived and
the mode of their sharing
No Name and address Local and Scientific Date and resolution Details Anticipated mode
of the Name of of the BMC and of of sharing benefits
Person /institution/ the biological endorsement by the collectio or quantum of
panchayat benefits shared
company/ others material Accessed n
and quantity fee
imposed
- - - - -

20
 Part -II
PBR – Formats: AGROBIODIVERSITY
Format 1: Crop Plants
1. 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
. Special
La Local Features
nds Appr Status Community
Scientif Croppin Source of
Local Varie cap ox. Pr Associated Other /
Crop ic g Uses Seeds/
Name ty e/H area Pas e TK details Knowledge
Name season Plants
abi shown t se Holder
tat nt
A. Cereals and Grains
Maize Zea Makk K25 Agri Y Y Significant May- Maize meal Maize Deptt. of Local People
mays i, gold,P cultu capacity of October is also used stalks are Agriculture
Challi G- ral nutrient and as a used in , Nearest
2424, land water replacemen making agri- input
PG- uptake t for wheat rayon, shop, local
2444 flour, to plastics, farm saved
make paper and seeds
cornbread wall-
and other boards.
baked
products.  Corn is
used as
livestock
feed, as
human
food, as
biofuel,
and as raw
material in
industry.
Rice Oryza Dhan Arise, Agri Y Y Since rice is June- Widely Rice is Deptt. of Local People

21
sativa Siri22 cultu abundant in August used a an excellen Agriculture
66,Sa ral carbohydrat human t source of , Nearest
ba200 land es, it acts as food. Rice vitamins agri- input
,HPR fuel for the flour is and shop, local
1156, body mixed with minerals. farm saved
HPR2 and aids in water and These seeds
143,H the normal used for vitamins
PR10 functioning making provide the
68. of the brain. “Babru”. foundation
Carbohydrat for the
es are body’s
metabolized metabolism
by the body , immune
and turned system
into health, and
functional, general
usable functioning
energy.  of the
organ syste
ms since
vitamins
are
required
for many
activities in
the body.

Provides E
nergy and
improves
Metabolis
m, Boosts
Cardiovasc

22
 ular
Health.
Rice can
prevent
chronic con
stipation. 
Wheat Triticu Gehu HPW- Agri Y Y High starch October- 1 Seed 1.Traditionally, Contains Deptt. of Local People
m n, 368,P cultu and protein June grains edible as fried catalytic Agriculture
aestivu Kana BW- ral content edible for grains. elements, , Nearest
m k 677,H land human 2. Make thick mineral salt agri- input
D- consumptio paste of wheat s, calcium, shop, local
3086, n. flour cooked in magnesium farm saved
WH- 2 Stalks water. , vitamins, seeds
1105, used as minerals
HPW- animal and fibre
236 fodder. etc.
Barley Hordeu Jau Agri Y Y Rich source October- Wide range Contains Deptt. of Local People
m cultu of fibre June of use in vitamins, Agriculture
vulgare ral food and minerals , Nearest
land brewery and agri- input
industry antioxidant shop, local
s etc. farm saved
seeds
Used
against
indigestion,
weight
loss,
high/low
blood
sugar, high
cholesterol
and cardiac

23
 diseases
Oats Avena Joi KEN Agri Y Y Whole Oats October- Oats have Oats Deptt. of Local People
sativa T cultu Are Rich in April numerous u contain a Agriculture
ral Antioxidant ses in powerful , Nearest
land s, including foods. fiber called agri- input
Avenanthra Oatmeal is beta-glucan shop, local
mides chiefly that helps farm saved
eaten lower chole seeds
as porridge, sterol
and also be levels.
used in a Used
variety of against
baked high blood
goods. sugar and
cardiac
problems
Finger Eleusin Ragi Agri Y Y Good water- Summer Rich in iron Finger Nearest Local People
Millet e cultu use Crop and millet is agri- input
coracan ral efficiency calcium. malted and shop, local
a land its grain is farm saved
ground to seeds
form flour.
The flour is
consumed
mixed with
milk,
boiled
water or
yogurt.

Used in
preparing
baby food,

24
 because of
millet’s
high
nutritional
content,
especially
iron and
calcium.
Little Panicu Kutki Agri Y Y Good water- Summer Vitamin B3 Quite Nearest Local People
millet m cultu use Crop (niacin) resistant to agri- input
sumatre ral efficiency Source, pests shop, local
nse land and utilizes Body tissue farm saved
high repair and seeds
temperature energy
production

B. Pulses

Black Vigna Mah Agri Y Y Black gram June- Black Mash is Nearest Local People
gram cultu is rich in Septemb Gram is antidiabetic agri- input
mungo
ral fibres, er used in a , treats shop, local
land protein, number of nervous farm saved
vitamins, culinary disorders, seeds
minerals preparation very good
and s; basically for hair

25
 different it is widely problems,
trace metals. used as treats
food. digestive
disorders,
improve
skin and
heart etc.
Gram Cicer ChanaGHG Local People
arietinu 151
m
Cowpe Vigna Bean Agri Y Y Thrive Cowpea Nearest Local People
a unguicu cultu in poor seeds are agri- input
lata ral dry rich source shop, local
land conditio of proteins farm saved
ns, and seeds
growing calories, as
well in well as
soils up minerals
to 85% and
sand vitamins

June-
Septemb
er
C. Oil Seeds
Soybea Glycine Bean KH11 Agri Y Y Provides oil Successf Rich in Unferment Deptt. Of Local People
n max 5 cultu and Proteins ul in phytic acid, ed food Agriculture
ral climates dietary uses of ,Nearest
land with hot minerals soybeans agri- input
summers and include soy shop, local
vitamins B milk, from farm saved
June- which tofu seeds
Septemb and tofu

26
 er skin are
made
Mustar Brassic Rai PS1 Agri Rar Rar - January Used as Its ground Nearest Local People
d a nigra cultu e e food seeds act as agri- input
ral a laxative, shop, local
land stimulant farm saved
to the seeds
gastric
mucosa
and
increase
intestinal
secretion.

Mustard
seeds and
its oil has
traditionall
y been
used to
relieve
muscle
pain,
rheumatis
m and
arthritic
pain.

Rapese Brassic Sarso Agri Rar Rar - Novemb Used as Its ground Nearest Local People
ed a n cultu e e er- food/spice seeds act as agri- input

27
 campest ral January and seeds a laxative, shop, local
ris land are used to stimulant farm saved
make oil to the seeds
gastric
mucosa
and
increase
intestinal
secretion.

Mustard
seeds and
its oil has
traditionall
y been
used to
relieve
muscle
pain,
rheumatis
m and
arthritic
pain.

D. Fruit Vegetables
Okra/L Abelmo Bhind Kranti Agri Rar Rar The dietary July Prevents Okra's high Deptt. Of Local People
ady’s schus i ,Kom cultu e e fiber content Diabetes. levels of Agriculture
finger esculent al,Ind ral of Good vitamin A, ,Nearest
us erneel land okra/lady's Folate B vitamins agri- input
finger is Content. (B1, B2, shop, local

28
 known to be The folates B6), and farm saved
high, and present in vitamin C, seeds
hence, many okra reduce and traces 
health the neural of zinc and
specialists tube defects calcium,
recommend in a make it an
it for newborn ideal
digestive baby. vegetable
benefits. Controls to eat
Asthma. during
Prevents pregnancy.
Constipatio Okra also
n. Prevents serves as a
Sunstroke. supplement
Prevents for fiber
Colon and folic
Cancer and acid.
controls
Obesity.
Brinjal Solanu Benga Agri Rar Rar The skin of March - It is highly Deptt. Of Local People
m n cultu e e the eggplant  nutritious, Agriculture
melonge ral is rich in and is very ,Nearest
na land antioxidants effective in agri- input
, fiber, the shop, local
potassium, treatment farm saved
and of diabetes, seeds
magnesium. obesity,
hypertensio
n, acne,
and hair
loss.
Bottle Lagena Ghiya Agri Y Y - June Used as Promotes Bottle Local People
gourd ria cultu food Weight gourd

29
 sicerari ral Loss Helps
a land Digestion
And Treats
Constipatio
n Provides
Cooling
Effect,
Treats
Urinary
Problems,
Treats
Sleeping
Disorders,
Replenishe
s Loss Of
Water
Content
Capsicu Capsicu Shiml Agri D D - January Used as Rich in Deptt. Of Local People
m m spp. a cultu food Vitamins Agriculture
Mirch ral A, C, and ,Nearest
land K. agri- input
shop
Helps
prevent cell
damage,
cancer and
diseases
related to
ageing, and
promotes
hair
growth. It
also

30
 supports
immune
function
Pumkin Cucrbit Kadd Agri Y Y The seed July- Pumpkin is Pumpkin is Nearest Local People
a u cultu and its oil August used for good for agri- input
maxima ral are used to treating the heart. shop, local
land make medic bladder The fiber, farm saved
ine irritation, potassium, seeds
kidney and
infections, vitamin C
intestinal content in
worms, and pumpkin al
trouble l support
urinating heart
due to health.
benign
prostatic
hyperplasia
(BPH). Pu
mpkin is
sometimes 
used in
combinatio
n with
herbs to
treat
symptoms
of BPH.
Bitter Momor Karel Agri Rar Rar An excellent January Used as Widely Deptt. Of Local People
gourd dica a cultu e e source of food used to Agriculture
charant ral dietary cure ,Nearest
ia land fiber, it also diabetes. agri- input
contains Karela shop, local

31
 Calcium and juice is an farm saved
Vitamin C excellent seeds
natural
antioxidant
.
Green Capsicu Mirch Jalwa. Agri Y Y Not many March Used as Green Deptt. Of Local People
Chilly m cultu know spice chilly is a Agriculture
annum ral that green rich source ,Nearest
land chillies are of vitamin agri- input
rich in C and shop, local
dietary eating it farm saved
fibre, which helps in seeds
is important keeping
for a healthy our skin
digestive healthy and
system. glowing.

Improves
digestive
system and
skin health.
Cucum Cucumi Kheer Sagar, Agri Y Y - March Used as Revitalizes Deptt. Of Local People
ber s a Chitra cultu food and Skin. The Agriculture
sativus , ral salad greatest ,Nearest
Kian, land and most agri- input
Sonali important shop, local
, skin benefit farm saved
Cucu of seeds
mber cucumber
alex, is that it
FWS4 helps in
58, revitalizing
the skin.

32
 Reverses
Skin
Tanning.
Controls
Puffiness
of The
Eyes.
Helps
Soothe
Sunburn.
Rejuvenate
s Skin.
Treats
Open
Pores.
Fights
Cellulite.
Reduces
Dark
Circles.
Commo Phaseol Beans Conte Agri Y Y The March Widely . Beans can Deptt. Of Local People
n Bean us nder. cultu manganese used as lower Agriculture
vulgaris ral in dried food. cholesterol. ,Nearest
land beans Beans agri- input
activates provide the shop, local
enzymes body with farm saved
that help the soluble seeds
body fiber,
metabolize which play
protein and s an
carbohydrat important
e while the role
choline in in controlli

33
 dried beans ng blood
facilitates cholesterol
the levels.
digestion of
fat. Their
nutrient
content
includes
fibers,
vitamins,
minerals
and very
less
carbohydra
tes. They
also
contain
protein,
calcium,
dietary
fiber, iron
and several
other
essential
nutrients
Pea Pisum Matar Azar Agri Y Y Peas are a January Widely . Peas are Deptt. Of Local People
sativum cultu good source used as starchy, but Agriculture
ral of B food and high ,Nearest
land vitamins can be in fiber, pr agri- input
such as eaten both otein, vita shop, local
folate, raw and min farm saved
vitamin B6 cooked. A, vitamin seeds
and vitamin B6, vitami

34
 B12. Peas, n
like many C, vitamin
legumes, K, phospho
contain sym rus, magne
biotic bacter sium, copp
ia er, iron, zin
called Rhizo c and lutein
bia within r .
oot
nodules of Pea has the
their root capacity to
systems and prevent
these perfor dreadful
m nitrogen diseases
fixation. like
stomach
cancer,
weight
loss,
alzheimer’s
, arthritis,
high blood
sugar,
indigestion
etc
Green Brassic Brocc Agri Y Y Anti- Whole Used as Cabbage is Deptt. Of Local People
Gobhi a olie cultu inflammator year food also used Agriculture
olerace ral y, and to treat ,Nearest
a var. land treatment asthma and agri- input
italica. for morning shop
glaucoma sickness. It
and is also used
pneumonia to prevent

35
 weak bones
(osteoporos
is), as well
as cancer
of the lung,
stomach,
colon,
breast and
other types
of
cancer. Bre
ast-feeding 
women
sometimes
apply
cabbage
leaves
and cabbag
e leaf
extracts to
their
breasts to
relieve
swelling
and pain.
Tomato Solanu Tamat Super Agri Y Y High water July Major cash Treats Deptt. Of Local People
m ar sona, cultu content crop of the blood Agriculture
lycopers Lal ral capacity village and sugar, ,Nearest
icum sona land used as cardiovasc agri- input
food. ular shop
Tomato is diseases,
consumed skin
in diverse ailments

36
 ways, and cancer
including
raw, as an
ingredient
in many
dishes,
sauces, sala
ds, and
drinks.
Cabbag Brassic Band Agri Y Y There are Whole Cabbage is Benefits of Deptt. Of Local People
e a Gobhi cultu endless year also used to cabbage in Agriculture
olerace ral health benef treat asthma clude relief ,Nearest
a var. land its of and from agri- input
capitata cabbage as morning constipatio shop
it is rich in sickness. It n, stomach
Vitamin K, is also used ulcers,
C and to prevent obesity,
antioxidants weak bones skin
. (osteoporos disorders,
is), as well eczema,
as cancer of scurvy,
the lung, arthritis,
stomach, gout and
colon, heart
breast and diseases
other types
of
cancer. Bre
ast-feeding 
women
sometimes
apply
cabbage

37
 leaves
and cabbag
e leaf
extracts to
their breasts
to relieve
swelling
and pain.
Caulifl Brassic Ful WS Agri Y Y Source of Whole Used as It has a Deptt. Of Local People
ower a Gobhi 811,Ja cultu high year food high Agriculture
olerace nki,Fi ral calories and content of ,Nearest
a var. eld land low fat vitamin C agri- input
botrytis Rocke shop
t.
E. Underground Vegetables
Carrot Daucus Gajar Agri Rar Rar The carrot Septemb Carrot is us Carrot Deptt. Of Local People
carota cultu e e gets its er- ed as dietary Agriculture
ral characteristi Decemb vegetable fiber ,Nearest
land c, bright er all over the comprises agri- input
orange area, for its mostly cell shop, local
colour culinary be ulose, with farm saved
from β- nefits in the smaller seeds
carotene, form of raw proportions
and lesser salads and of hemicell
amounts in cooked ulose, ligni
of α- form. n and starc
carotene, γ- h.
carotene, lut
ein and zeax Carrot's bet
anthin. a
carotene be
nefits and
helps

38
 improve
immune
function,
protect skin
and eye
health 
Radish Raphan Muli Radis Agri Y Rar Rich in Septemb The bulb of Used Deptt. Of Local People
us h J W, cultu e carbohydrat er- the radish is against Agriculture
raphani Radis ral e and Decemb usually gastric ,Nearest
strum h land calcium er eaten raw, complicati agri- input
Super although ons shop, local
white tougher farm saved
specimens seeds
can be
steamed
Potato Solanu Aaloo Agri Y Rar Rich source January Used as . Rich in Deptt. Of Local People
m cultu e of food calories, Agriculture
tuberos ral carbohydrat sodium, , local farm
um land e vitamin C saved seeds
etc. market

Used
against
ulcers,
rheumatic
complaints
and
constipatio
n etc
Garlic Allium Lehsu Agri Y Y - October Food Cardiovasc Local farm Local People
sativum n cultu flavoring ular saved seeds
ral agents diseases, and lateral
land regulating exchange

39
 blood among
pressure, farmers
lowering
blood sugar
and
cholesterol
levels,
effective
against
bacterial,
viral,
fungal and
parasitic
infections,
enhancing
the
immune
system and
having
antitumor 
Taro Colocas Arbi Agri Y D - FebruaryUsed as Ability to Local farm Local People
ia cultu food improve saved seeds
esculent ral digestion, and lateral
a land lower exchange
blood sugar among
levels, farmers
prevent
certain
types of
cancers,
protect the
skin,
enhance

40
 vision,
increase
circulation,
decrease
blood
pressure,
aid the
immune
system,
and prevent
heart
disease
Onion Allium Piyaz Onion Agri Y Y - October Food Reducing Nearest Local People
cepa AFLR cultu flavoring the agri- input
, ral agents symptoms shop, Local
AFD land of bladder farm saved
R infections, seeds and
promoting lateral
prostate exchange
health and among
lowering farmers
blood
pressure

41
 F. Green leafy Vegetables

Amaran Aamran Sariya Agri Y Y The plant is May- The plant is Yellow and Nearest Local People
th thus ra cultu emollient October often green dyes agri- input
virdis ral and harvested can be shop, local
land vermifuge from the obtained farm saved
wild as a from the seeds
source of whole
food and plant.
medicines The ash of
for local the plants
use. It is is rich in
sometimes potash and
cultivated is
for its occasionall
edible y used to
leaves. make soap.

A
decoction
of the
entire plant
is used to
stop
dysentery
and
inflammati
ons, and
also to
purify the
blood. The

42
 leaves are
used in
poultices
(fresh or as
dried
powder) to
treat
inflammati
ons, boils
and
abscesses,
gonorrhoea
, orchitis
and
haemorrhoi
ds.
SpinachSpinaci Palak Agri Y Y Rich source January Used as Diabetes Deptt. Of Local People
a cultu of food manageme Agriculture
olerace ral Potassium. nt. Cancer ,Nearest
a land prevention. agri- input
Asthma shop, local
prevention. farm saved
Lowering seeds
blood
pressure.
Improves
bone
health.
Promotes
regularity.
Healthy
skin and
hair.

43
 G. Spices
Coriand Coriand Dhani Agri Y Y It is an FebruaryUsed as Coriander  Nearest Local People
er rum ya cultu excellent spice and or cilantro agri- input
sativum ral appetizer, for food is a shop, local
land helps in garnishing wonderful farm saved
proper purposes. source of seeds
secretion of dietary
enzymes Coriander i fiber,
and s used for manganese,
digestive digestion iron and
juices in the problems magnesium
stomach, including as well. In
stimulates upset addition, c
digestion, stomach, oriander le
peristaltic loss of aves are
motion and appetite, rich in
prevents hernia, Vitamin C,
flatulence nausea, Vitamin K
diarrhea, and
bowel protein.
spasms, and They also
intestinal contain
gas. It is small
also used to amounts of
treat calcium,
measles, phosphoro
hemorrhoid us,
s, potassium,
toothaches, thiamin,
worms, and niacin and
joint pain, carotene.
as well as
infections

44
 caused by
bacteria and
fungus.

45
Fenugr Trigone Methi Agri Y Y - January Adds Improves Nearest Local People
eek lla cultu Flavor and Digestive agri- input
foenum- ral Spice to Problems shop, local
graecu land Food. and farm saved
m Cholesterol seeds
Levels.
Reduces
Inflammati
on Inside
the Body.
Increases
Libido in
Men.
Promotes
Milk Flow
in
Breastfeedi
ng. Lowers
Inflammati
on from
Outside the
Body.

46
Abelmoschus esculentus Solanum melongena

Colocasia esculenta
Oryza sativa

47
 Format 2: Fruit Plants

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Landsc Local Other

ape Status Source Community /
Season Associate
Scientific Local of details
Plant Variety of d Uses Knowledge
Habita Pre
Name Name Seeds/Pl market /
Past Fruiting TK
t Holder
sent ants
own use

MangoMangifera Aam Daseri, Dry Y Y Home June - Fruit are Helps to maintain cholesterol level. Commercial Local People
indica Amarpali, Garden/ August edible Used to prepare Chutneys and Aachaar purposes
Langa, Orchards and own
Chausa uses

Litchi Litchi Litchi Dry, Y Y Home June - Fruit are Lychee contains antioxidants, Vitamin Commercial Local People
chinensis Shady Garden August edible C, B-complex and phytonutrient purposes
flavonoids and own
uses

Guava Psidium Amrood Safeda, Dry Y Y Home June - Fruit are Richest source of Vitamin C Commercial Local People
guajava Lalit Garden August edible purposes
and own
uses

Amla Phyllanth Amla Banarsi Dry Y Y Home June - Fruit are Helps to fight against cold, improves Commercial Local People
us emblica and Garden August edible eyesight and burns fat. purposes
Rainy and own

48
 uses

Dhudu Ficus Dhudu Wild Dry, Y Y Forest May- Fruit are Fruit is demulcent, emollient, laxative Own uses Local People
palmata Shady, August edible and poultice. It is used as a part of the
Moist diet in the treatment of constipation and
diseases of the lungs and bladder. The
sap is used in the treatment of warts

LemonCitrus Neembu Dry, Y Rare Home August- Fruit are Lemon is used to treat scurvy, a Commercial Local People
limon Shady, Garden Septemb edible, condition caused by not having enough purposes
Moist er Juice vitamin C. Lemon is also used for the and own
common cold and flu, H1N1 (swine)
uses
flu, ringing in the ears (tinnitus),
Meniere's disease, and kidney stones

Walnu Juglans Akhrot Cultivated Shady Y Y Nurserie August Aid weight loss, the omega-3 fatty Commercial Local People
t regia moist s to acids in walnuts have been linked to a purposes
October reduced risk of obesity, walnuts boost and own
brain health, protect the heart, helps in uses like
diabetes treatment, fight against siddu
inflammatory arthritis, improves preparation
prostate health, can enhance fertility
and sperm health and improves
digestion.

Plum Prunus AalooBh - Dry, Rare Y Wild August- Relief from indigestion, influenza Own use Local People
bokharens ukhara shady Septemb infections, and anxiety-related
is moist er problems. The antioxidant power of
these fruits helps in
treating osteoporosis, macular
degeneration, cancer, diabetes, and
obesity

Plum Prunus Plum Dry, Rare Y Nurserie Late Cash fruit, The health benefits of Commercial Local People
shady April- plums include relief from indigestion, purposes

49
 domestica moist s June influenza infections, and anxiety- and own use
related problems. The antioxidant
power of these fruits helps in
treating osteoporosis, macular
degeneration, cancer, diabetes, and
obesity. They also help in maintaining
a healthy heart by reducing cholesterol
levels. Additionally, plums improve
cognition, boost immunity, improve
cellular health, maintain electrolyte
balance, keep the nervous system
healthy, and aid in skincare and blood
clotting.

Pyrus Nashpati Red Dry, Y Y Nurserie August- High in Fiber, high Source of Immune- Commercial Local People
communis Wattlet, shady s October Boosting Vitamin C, provides purposes
Pear Wattlet, moist antioxidants, can help with weight loss, and own use
Babugosha helps improve heart health, improves
digestion, helps to fight Diabetes,
makes a good pre- or post-workout
snack

Peach Prunus Aadu Wild Shady Rare Rare Forest July to As an excellent source of the Commercial Local People
persica moist October strong antioxidant vitamin C, peaches purposes
can also help combat the formation of and own use
free radicals known to cause cancer,
skin, diabetes, heart health, eye health

Shehto Morus Shehtoot, Dry Y Y Home May-June Used in, sore throats, headache, Commercial Local People
ot alba Toot, Garden dizziness,The leaves are used to treat purposes
Tutri, fever, in vertigo, elephantiasis and also and own
have antibacterial, diaphoretic,

50
 Chimu, hypoglycaemic properties. uses
White
mulberry

Fegra Ficus Fegra, Dry Y Y Home May-June Contains sugars and mucilage and act Commercial Local People
palmata Dagla, Garden as a demulcent, emollient,The fruits purposes
Dudha, contain chie laxative and own
Bedu, uses
Wild fig

Tiamb Ficus Tiamble, Dry Y Y Home April- Fruit, stem bark and leaves have Commercial Local People
le auriculata Timla, Garden August antioxidant activities and prevent purposes
Elephant cardiovascular /neurodegenerative and own
diseases and cancer
ear uses

Simal Bombax Simal, Dry Y Y Home May- Young fruits are expectorant, stimulant, Commercial Local People
ceiba Semul, Garden October diuretic purposes
Simbal, and own
Silk uses
Cotton
tree

Akhe Rubus Akhe, Dry Y Y Home August- Roots of this plant have inflammatory, Commercial Local People
niveus Achhe, Garden September analgesic and antipyretic activities. purposes
Kala These extracts also act as an and own
antioxidant and have the potential to
Hinsalu, uses
help treat skin diseases, wounds and
Hill tumours.
Raspberr
y

Acche Rubus Aakhe, Dry Y Y Home May - Roots and young shoots are used in Commercial Local People
ellipticus Acche, Garden June colic pains. purposes
Hinure, and own
Hisra,

51
 Heer, The fruit of the plant is a potential uses
Hisalu, source of anti-fertility drugs. The fruit
Yellow has counteracting effect to toxins,
eliminates in and arresting
Himalaya
haemorrhage.
n
Raspberr
y

Indian Ziziphus Ber, Dry Y Y Home November It is useful in various diseases such as Commercial Local People
Jujube mauritian Malhe, Garden -February fluid retention, oedema, acute and purposes
aLamk. Jhar Beri, chronic renal failure, sciatica, kidney and own
Indian stones as, lymphatic swelling, uses
Jujube glaucoma and liver disorders etc

Fruit is used to promote weight gain,

improve muscular strength and as an
immuno-stimulant to increase physical
stamina.

Leaves and bark is used to treat chicken

pox and measles. Decoction of shade
dried young tender leaves helps in
treating scurvy, useful in lowering
blood sugar level and diabetes. The
paste of leaves is applied topically on
pimples, acne, abscesses, boils and
carbuncles

Garna Carissa Kharnu, Dry Y Y Home June- The roots of garna plant are ground and Commercial Local People
spinarum Garna, Garden Septemb applied on the wounds of cattle to kill purposes
L. Karondhu er worms and own
, uses
Conkerbe

52
 rry

Lasud Cordia Lasuda, Dry Y Y Home July - The mucilage in the fruit is used for Commercial Local People
a dichotoma Salora, Garden Septemb treating cough and diseases of the purposes
Indian er chest, uterus, urethra etc. and has and own
laxative property
cherry uses

Indian Berberis Kashmal, Dry Y Y Home May- Root extract is used in conjunctivitis, as Commercial Local People
barber aristata Kasmale, and Garden June a wash for bleeding piles, wound purposes
ry Tree Moist healing, ulcers, jaundice and for and own
enlarged liver and used as a gargle for
turmeric, uses
mouth ulcers.
Indian
barberry

Indian Aegle Bael Dry Y Y Home Fruit are The fruits eaten fresh from trees or after Commercial Local People
Bael marmelos Garden edible being dried and produced into candy, purposes
L. toffee, pulp powder. and own
Unripe or ripe fruit improves digestion uses
and effective remedy for chronic
diarrhoea and dysentery.

Dheu Artocarpu Dheu, Dry Y Y Home June- Dheu is mostly used for pickles and Commercial Local People
slacuchaB Dheun, Garden Septemb chutney preparation. It is vata-pitta purposes
uch.-Ham. Lakucha, er nashak, kaphkarak, aphrodisiac and and own
also improves taste and appetite.
Lakudi, uses
Monkey
Jack

Papay Carica Papita Madhu Dry Y Y Home Fruit are Significant source of vitamin C and Commercial Local People
a papaya Garden edible Folate purposes
and own

53
 uses

Jackfr Artocarpu Kathal Champa Dry Y Y Home Fruit are Edible pulp is 74% water, 23% Commercial Local People
uit s Garden edible carbohydrates, 2% protein, and 1% fat. purposes
heterophyl Rich in Vitamin C and Potassium and own
lus uses

Orang Citrus Santra Nurpur Dry Y Y Home Fruit are High in vitamin C and improves Commercial Local People
e sinensis Local and Garden edible immune system purposes
Moist and own
uses

Cochl Citrus Galgal Dry, Y Rare Home August- Fruit are Lemon is used to treat scurvy, a Commercial Local People
osper pseudolim Shady, Garden Septemb edible, condition caused by not having enough purposes
mum on Moist er Juice vitamin C. Lemon is also used for the and own
common cold and flu, H1N1 (swine) uses
flu, ringing in the ears (tinnitus),
Meniere's disease, and kidney stones

54
Citrus sinensis Mangifera indica

Citrus limon Pyrus communis

55
 Format 3: Fodder Crops / Species

A. Crops

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Local Status Community

Source of /
Scientific Local Landscape / Associated Part Other
Plants /
Plant
Name Name Habitat TK Used Details Knowledge
Past Present Seeds
holder

Maize Zea mays Makki Dry, moist, Y Y Market Leaf, Maize meal is also Local
shady moist Stem used as a replacement People
for wheat flour, to
make cornbread and
other baked products

Maize meal is also
used as a replacement
for wheat flour, to
make cornbread and
other baked products
Wheat Triticum aestivum Gehun Dry, moist, Y Y Market Leaf, Contains catalytic Local
shady moist Stem elements, People
mineral salts,
calcium, magnesium,
vitamins, minerals
and fibre etc.

Issues like anemia,

56
 mineral
deficiencies, gallstone
s, breast cancer,
chronic inflammation,
asthenia, tuberculosis,
pregnancy, obesity,
and breastfeeding pro
blems are quickly
improved by
consuming whole
wheat
Oat Avena sativa Oat Dry, moist, Y Y Market Whole Its leaves and stems Local
shady moist plant contain very high iron People
levels, as well as
manganese and zinc.
Oat bran can be found
as a whole-grain food
product as well as a
medicinal
supplement.

Oat is also used as a

meal, which is rich in
nutrients such as
silicon, manganese,
zinc, calcium,
phosphorus, and
vitamins A, B1, B2,
and E.
Barley Hordeum vulgare Jau Dry, moist, Plenty Plenty Market Used against indigestion, weight Leaf, Contains vitamins, Local
shady moist loss, high/low blood sugar, high Stem minerals and People
cholesterol and cardiac diseases antioxidants etc.

57
Pipalu Ghas Galinsoga Pipalu Moist Plenty Plenty Forest Whole - Local
parviflora Ghas plant People

Black gram Vigna mungo Ma h Dry, moist, Plenty Plenty Market Leaf, Leaves and stems are
shady moist Stem, used as fodder.
seeds
Seeds are edible.

B. Grasses

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Local Status
Landscap Source of
Scientific Local Associated Part Other Community /
Plant e/ Plants /
Name Name Pas Presen TK Used Details Knowledge holder
Habitat Seeds
t t
Gras Hordeum vulgare Barley, Jau Dry, moist, Y Y Wild Whol It is a source of Local people
s shady e fermentable
moist plant material
for beer and
certain distilled
beverages, and
as a component
of various health
foods. Also used
in soups and
stews, and
in barley
bread of various
cultures..
Gras Sorghum bicolor Charri Dry, moist, Y Y Wild Whol Used as animal Local people
s shady e feed, and in
moist plant ethanol
production.
Barley grains
are commonly
used for sowing
during navratris

58
 by local people
for devi puja.
Grains are used
as a food for
human also.
Gras Bambusa  sp. Bamboo/Ban Dry, moist, Y Y Cultivated/Wil Whol Young twigs are Local people
s j shady d e used in making
moist plant pickles.
Also used in
charcoal
production.
Gras Heteropogon Spear grass Dry, moist, Y Y Wild Whol Local people
s contortus  shady e
moist plant
Gras Galinsoga parviflora PipaluGhas Moist Plenty Plenty Wild Whol - Local people
s e
plant
Gras Cynodon dactylon Dhruv Shady Y Y Wild Whol 1-2 drop poured Local people
s moist, dry e in each nostril
plant during
epistaxis
Gras Pennisetum glaucum Bajra Shady Y Y Wild/cultivated Whol Local people
s moist, dry e
plant
Gras Saccharum ravennae Dholu grass Shady Y Y Wild Whol It is also used as Local people
s moist, dry e an ornamental
plant grass in gardens,
and for
stabilizing soil
to
prevent erosion.
Gras Lolium perenne Rye grass Shady Y Y Wild Whol Perennial Local people
s moist, dry e ryegrass is an
plant important
pasture and
forage plant,

59
 andis used in
many pasture
seed mixes. 
Gras Panicum sp. Panicum Dry, moist, Y Y Wild Whol Local people
s grass shady e
moist plant
Gras Trifolium Berseem  Dry, moist, Y Y Wild Whol Berseem clover Local people
s alexandrinum shady e can also be used
moist plant as a cover
crop suppressin
g weeds or as a
green manure
crop providing
nitrogen to
following crops.
Gras Dichanthium Saftalghas Dry, moist, Y Y Wild Whol It also be used Local people
s annulatum shady e to revegetate
moist plant degraded grass
and very
effective
binding plant
for erosion
control.
Gras Setaria sphacelata  Nandi, Shady Y Y Wild Whol It is a good Local people
s golden moist, dry e quality forage
bristle grass plant for ruminants
such as cattle,
sheep and
goats. 
Gras Cenchrus ciliaris buffel-grass Dry, moist, Y Y Wild Whol Local people
s shady e
moist plant

60
 C. TREE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Local Status
Landscap Source of
Scientific Local Associated Part Other Community /
Plant e/ Plants /
Name Name Pas Presen TK Used Details Knowledge holder
Habitat Seeds
t t
Tree Morus alba Shehtoot Dry, moist, Rare Rare Wild Leaves Leave Local people
shady used as s
moist fodder -
Tree Grewia optiva Beul Shady Y Y Wild Leave Wood is used Local people
moist, dry s for cooking
purpose
Its wood is
used to make
agricultural
equipment’s
Tree Ficus roxburghii Trembla Tree Shady Y Wild Own use Leave Leaves are Local people
moist, and s used as fodder
dry commercial Its fruits are
edible
Tree Gmelina asiatica Badhyare Moist, Y Y Wild Leave Its branches Local people
shady s are used as a
moist fodder
Tree Ziziphus jujuba Ber Moist, Y Y Wild Leave Dried fruitsare Local people
shady s often eaten as
moist a snack and
also used for
pickle.
Tree Bauhinia variegata Kachnar Moist, Y Y Wild Leave It is of Local people

61
 shady s medicinal
moist importance.
Buds and
flowers are
edible
Tree Artocarpus lakoocha Dhyun Moist, Y Y Wild Leave Its fruits have Local people
shady s medicinal
moist valueand also
used to make
pickle.
Tree Celtis australis Khirk Moist, Y Y Wild Leave t is often Local people
shady s planted as an
moist ornamental as
it is long-
living and
resistant to air
pollution. 
Fruits are
edible
Tree Albizia lebbeck Srin Moist, Y Y Wild Leave It is used as a Local people
shady s forage,
moist medicine and
wood.
Its wood is
used as timber
Tree Albizia chinesis Ohi Moist, Y Y Wild Leave Its leaves are Local people
shady s being readily
moist eaten by goats.
It is also a
shade tree in
plantations. It
can be planted
as an
ornamental tree
also in gardens.

62
 Pennisetum glaucum
Zea mays

Cenchrus ciliaris Sorghum bicolor

63
 Format 4: Weeds

A. Climbers

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Plant Scientific Local Affected Impact Landsca Local Uses Manageme Associat Other Community/
pe / Status nt ed
Name Name/Co crop if any details Knowledge
mmon Habitat options TK
name like Holder
Post Prese
nt exotic

Climber  Pergularia Chagolbo Wheat Cause economic Dry Y Y Fodder Hand NA Native Local people
daemia ti,gadaria losses by decreasing weeding
ki bel yield of agricultural
and
horticultural crops

Climber Cucumus maroon Maize Cause economic Dry and Y Y Hand NA African origin and Local people
cucumber losses by decreasing moist weeding/Ce it occurs wild in
anguria , yield of agricultural mical East and southern
kadwikak and Africa
di, horticultural crops
junglikhe
era

Climber Cuscuta Amarbel, Commonly Cause economic Moist Y Y Religious Hand NA Native Local people
chinensis swarnalat found losses by decreasing value weeding
a yield of agricultural

64
 and
horticultural crops

Climber Ipomoea sp. Morning Maize Local people

glorry

Climber  Mikania Taralata Commonly Cause economic Y Y - Hand NA Native Local people
micrantha found losses by decreasing weeding
yield of agricultural
and
horticultural crops

Climber Convolvulus Field Oil seed Local people

arvensis bind crops
weed

B. Herbs

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Plant Scientific Local Affected Impact Landsca Local Uses Manageme Associat Other Community/
pe / Status nt ed
Name Name/Co crop if any details Knowledge
mmon Habitat options TK
name like Holder
Post Prese
nt exotic

Herb Alternanthera Alligator Maize Reduce crop Moist Y Y - Hand NA Local people
philoxeroides weed productivity, invade weeding,
and compete with Tillage
water, nutrients and formation,

65
 sunlight, resulting Use of
in reduced crop herbicides
yield and
poor crop quality

Herb Ageratum Goat Maize Reduce crop Dry and Y Y Use to treat Hand NA Native Local people
conyzoides Weed, productivity, invade moist dysentry and weeding,
white and compete with diarrhea. Also Tillage
weed, water, nutrients and use as formation,
NeelaPhu sunlight, resulting insecticide. Use of
lnu in reduced crop herbicides
yield and
poor crop quality

Herb Cynodon Drub Gha Wheat, Cause economic Dry, Y Y Fodder and Hand NA Native Local people
dactylon Barley losses by decreasing Degrade Religious weeding
yield of agricultural d, Shady
and moist
horticultural crops

Herb Amaranthus Slender a Maize Reduce crop Moist Y Y Eaten as Hand NA Local people
viridis maranth, productivity, invade boiled green weeding,
janglicha and compete with vegetable Tillage
ulai water, nutrients and formation,
sunlight, resulting Use of
in reduced crop herbicides
yield and
poor crop quality

Herb Bidens pilosa Goomber, Maize Reduce crop Dry Y Y - Hand NA Local people
Lamb productivity, invade weeding,
and compete with Tillage
water, nutrients and formation,

66
 sunlight, resulting Use of
in reduced crop herbicides
yield and
poor crop quality

Herb Sorghum Johnson Maize,Sorg Local people

halepense grass hum

Herb Adiantum Maiden Commonly Cause economic Moist Y Y Air-purifying Hand NA Native Local people
raddianum hair fer found losses by decreasing and weeding
yield of agricultural ornamental
and use
horticultural crops

Herb Brachiaria ,Brown Maize, Rice Reduce crop Dry and Y Y Local people
sp. top productivity, invade moist
millet, and compete with
Makra , water, nutrients and
Murat sunlight, resulting
in reduced crop
yield and
poor crop quality

Herb Oryza Sativa Wild Rice Reduce crop Dry and Y Y Local people
var fatua Rice productivity, invade moist
and compete with
water, nutrients and
sunlight, resulting
in reduced crop
yield and
poor crop quality

67
Herb Ammania Red stem Rice Local people
baccifera

Herb Dactylocteniu Crowfoot Maize Reduce crop Local people

ma egyptium grass, productivity, invade
Makra and compete with
water, nutrients and
sunlight, resulting
in reduced crop
yield and
poor crop quality

Herb Eleusine Goosegra Maize, Cause economic Dry Y Y Fodder Hand NA Native to Africa Local people
indica ss Cauliflower losses by decreasing weeding/Ce and temperate and
, Tomato, yield of agricultural mical tropical Asia
Chillies, and
Rajmash horticultural crops

Herb Equisetum the field Commonly Reduce crop Domestic use Local people
arevense horsetail found in all productivity, invade (as a scrub
crops and compete with for washing
water, nutrients and utensils )
sunlight, resulting
in reduced crop
yield and
poor crop quality

Herb Fimbristylis Sedge Rice Local people

miliaceum

Herb Echinochloa Jungle Rice,maize Reduce crop Used as Local people

colonum rice, productivity, invade fodder
Janglijan and compete with
ghora, water, nutrients and

68
 jawar sunlight, resulting
in reduced crop
yield and
poor crop quality

Herb Galinsoga Peeplu Maize, Reduce crop Dry, Y Y Absolute Hand NA Native Local people
parviflora Gha Wheat, productivity, invade Degrade weed weeding,
Barley, and compete with d, Shady Tillage
Paddy, water, nutrients and moist formation,
Buck, sunlight, resulting Use of
Wheat in reduced crop herbicides
yield and
poor crop quality

Herb Cyperus iria Ricefield Maize, Cause economic Preferabl Y Y Summer NA Originated in the Local people
flatsedge Cauliflower losses by decreasing y low ploughing, Old World tropics
yield of agricultural land Chemicals and subtropics
and
horticultural crops

Herb  Cannabis Jangli Commonly Cause economic Moist Y Y Religious and Hand NA Native Local people
sativa Bhang found losses by decreasing and dry medicinal weeding
yield of agricultural value
and
horticultural crops

Herb Eragrotis sp. Stink Rice, Maize Cause economic Dry, Y Y Fodder Hand NA Native Local people
grass losses by decreasing Degrade weeding/Ce
yield of agricultural d, Shady mical
and moist
horticultural crops

Herb Chenopodium Common Maize. Cause economic Dry Y Y Used as Hand NA Non-native Local people
album lambsqua Spinach, losses by decreasing greens/grain/f weeding/Ce (originated in

69
 rter, potato yield of agricultural odder. Used mical Europe)
bathu and as cooked
horticultural crops green
vegetable.

Herb Impatiens Gul- Maize Cause economic Upland Y Y Medicinal Hand NA native of India and Local people
balsamina mehndi, losses by decreasing uses and used weeding/Ce parts of mainland
Tiyur yield of agricultural as a dying mical South-East Asia
and agent
horticultural crops

Herb Stellaria Chick Maize, Cause economic Dry Y Y Used as Chemical/m NA Europe and Local people
media weed, wheat,Rajm losses by decreasing greens anual western Asia (i.e.
Khokhua ash, yield of agricultural Eurasia)
spinach, and
potato horticultural crops

Herb Sphenoclea Chickens Rice Cause economic Moist Y Y - Hand NA Native Local people
zeylanica pike/ losses by decreasing weeding
Goosewe yield of agricultural
ed and
horticultural crops

Herb Elephantopus Elephant' Commonly Cause economic Dry Y Y - Hand NA Native Local people
scaber s Foot found losses by decreasing weeding
yield of agricultural
and
horticultural crops

Herb Daucus Wild Maize Cause economic Moist Y Y Fodder Hand NA Native Local people
carota Carrot losses by decreasing and dry weeding
yield of agricultural
and

70
 horticultural crops

Herb Ageratinaa Basunti Commonly Cause economic Moist Y Y Fodder Hand NA Native Local people
denophora found losses by decreasing and dry weeding
yield of agricultural
and
horticultural crops

Herb Digitaria Large Maize, Cause economic Dry Y Y Fodder Hand NA Non-Native Local people
sanguinalis crabgrass Tomato, losses by decreasing weeding/Ce (Native to Europe)
Chillies, yield of agricultural mical
Cauliflower and
horticultural crops

C. Shrubs

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Plant Scientific Local Affected Impact Landsca Local Uses Manageme Associat Other Community/
pe / Status nt ed
Name Name/ crop if any details Knowledge
Comm Habitat options TK
on like Holder
Post Prese
name
nt exotic

Shrub Lantana camara Phulnu Commonly Cause economic Dry and Y Y - Hand NA Non-native Local people
found losses by decreasing shade weeding
yield of agricultural
and
horticultural crops

Shrub Solanum Dutch Commonly Moist Y Y - Hand NA Native Local people

aculeatissimum eggpla

71
 nt found and dry weeding

Shrub Ricinus Castor Commonol Cause economic Dry Y Y Oil is of Hand NA Native Local people
communis y found losses by decreasing medicinal weeding
yield of agricultural importance
and
horticultural crops

Shrub Parthenium sp. Gajarg Commonly Moist Y Y Local people

has found and Dry

Shrub Datura Dhutur Commonly Cause economic Moist Y Y Religious Hand NA Native Local people
stramonium a foun losses by decreasing value weeding
yield of agricultural
and
horticultural crops

Shrub Glycosmis Orange Commonly Cause economic Dry Y Y - Hand NA Native Local people
pentaphylla berry found losses by decreasing weeding
yield of agricultural
and
horticultural crops

Shrub Lippiage minata - Wheat Cause economic Dry Y Y Hand NA Native Local people
losses by decreasing weeding
yield of agricultural
and
horticultural crops

Shrub Achyranthes Photka Commonly Cause economic Moist Y Y Hand NA Native Local people
aspera nda found losses by decreasing and Dry weeding
yield of agricultural
and horticultural crops

72
Ageratum conyzoides Parthenium sp

73
 Solanum aculeatissimum
Adiantum raddianum

74
 Format 5: Pests of Crops

A. Fields Crops

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Host Insect/ Scientific name Local Habitat Time/ Manage Associat Other Community
animal name season of ment ed TK deta knowledge
attack mechanis ils holder
m
Wheat Termite Odontotermi s Deemak Infest Regular  Remove Local people
obesus, crop at stubbles of
Microtermis germinati previous crop
obesi on stage. beforesowing.
Cause  Termite
yellowing mound
and should be
patchy destroyed
growth of in vicinity
wheat ofcrop
visible  Seed treatment
from withchlorpyrip
seedli hos
ngs to 20 EC
maturi (4ml/kg
ty seed)
 Soil
application of
2lt.chlorpyriph
os 20 EC
mixed in 25 kg
sand per haat
 the time of
sowing
Wheat Aphid Rhopalosi Tela Suck sap Regular  Follow Dusting Local
phum from soft common of wood people
maidis, leaves, cultural, ash

75
 Sitobionav stem and mechanical
enae developin and
g grains biologicalpract
from ices
Decembe  Spray 750 ml
r till crop methyl
maturity demeton 25 EC
and or dimethoate
ultimatel 30EC in 750 l
y water/ ha
inhibiting  Generally,
grain natural
formation enemies
present in the
field help in
controlling the
population of
this pest
Wheat Grasshopper Hieroglyphus Tidda Feed on Regular  Bunds must Dusting Local
spp., foliage be cleared off of wood people
Chrotogonus and soft grasses and ash
spp. stem of weeds
young  Collect and
plants destroy
theinsect
 Dust Folidol
2% @ 20-
25kg/ha
It is better to
dust the grass
on bunds and in
waste land near
the field before
germination of
wheat and
barley as

76
 hopper migrate
to
germinatingcro
p
from
thesesources.
Wheat Borer Helicoverpa spp. Sundi Damage Occasion  Damage is Local people
wheat ear al near harvest,
heads at / near so only
grain harvesti mechanicalcon
developme ng trol
nt stage stage
heat,
wheat
serve as a
bridge
host for
carry over
of this
polyphagou
s pest
Maize Black Agrotis ipsilon KatuaK  Found April-  Hand picking - - Local people
cutworm eet/ during June & and
Toka daytim Oct-Nov destruction of
e larvae.
hiding  Apply
in soil chlorpyripho
close s20
tostem EC @ 2
s. litres/ha.
 Larva
cut the
seedling
plantsan
d
feed.
Maize Termites Microtermes Deemak  Build Regular  Locating and - - Local people

77
 obesi tall (2-4 destroying
Odontotermes m), termite nests.
obesus cylindri  Use well
cal decomposedF
mounds YM.
ortermit  Applying
arium. chlorpyripho
 work s 20 EC @ 2
ers litres/ ha
dama after
ge mixingwith
roots. 20-25 kg
ofsand.
Maize Maize Chilo partellus Tane  larvae July  Remove the - - Local people
Stem kisundi first feed dead- hearts
Borer on the andinfested
leaves,m plants.
aking  Apply 2 g
 a few phorate(Thimm
shot et10G)
holes per meter of row
. length.
Centr
al
shoot
withe
rsand
leading to
dead
heart.
Maize Com A. segetum KatuaK  Found April-  Hand picking - - Local people
mon eet/ during June & and
cutw Toka daytim Oct-Nov destruction of
orm e larvae.
hiding  Apply
in soil chlorpyriphos

78
 close 20 EC @ 2
tostem litres/ ha.
s.
 Larva
cutthe
seedling
plants
and
feed.
Maize Pink stem Sesamia inferens Tane  Larvae July  Intercropping - - Local people
borer kisundi enter the maize with non-
stem hosts crops like
which legumes(cowpea
results ).
intodead
heart.
 Infested
plantstem
generally
break
down.
Maize Corn leaf Rhopalosip Tela  Aphids Septembe  Foliar spray of - - Local people
aphid hum maidis infest r imidacloprid
leaves, 200SL or
leaf thiamethoxam
sheaths 25 WDG
andinflor @0.005%.
escences.
 Most
severe
damage
occurs
to
thetasse
l.
Paddy Grasshopper Hieroglyphus Tidda Both July to  Thiodan 35EC Local people

79
 spp., young Septembe (Emulsifiable
Chrotogonus and adult r concentrate,
spp. stages containing
feed upon 35% technical
the leaves grade
and Endosulfan)
shoots of Regent® 4SC
paddy. (containing
They also 4% Fipronil)
cut off the were e found
ear heads. tobeeffective.
 Dusting the
crop with 5-
10% methyl
parathion 2%
@ 25-30 kg/ha
Paddy Rice white Scirpo The eggs July to It can be Local people
stemborer phaga are laid in septemb controlled
innotat groups of er by reducing
a(Walk about 100, the fallow
er) and covered period by
in coloured growing
hairs from longer
the females maturing
abdominal varieties
tip. The and (2)
eggs hatch undertaking
in about a early
week, The ploughing
caterpillars for the wet
bore into season
the stem of crop.
their
foodplant
Paddy Rice leaf Cnaphalo Eggs are July to  Clip-off Local people
roller crocis laid singly septem the

80
 medinalis or in ber affectedlea
groups ves.
arranged in
longitudina
l rows on
the
undersurfa
ce of the
leaves
which are
scaly white
in
color. On
hatching
the newly
hatched
caterpillar
cut the leaf
edges and
folds the
leaf. 
Paddy Leafhopper infect the rice Nymphs July  Spray 1250 Local people
crop at all stages and adults - ml
of plant growth. of hoppers Aug Chlorpyripho
Due to feeding suck the ust s 20 EC per
by both the sap 500L
nymphs and water/ha on
adults at the base appearance of
of the tillers, pest.
plants turn
yellow and dry
up rapidly. 
Paddy Black beetle Heteron Adult feed August to Local people
ychus on roots septembe
lioderes r
Paddy Bacterial leaf Xantho Infection Chemical Local people
blight monas starts from control for

81
 oryzae the leaf tip BB is not very
where effective
hydathodes [161].
are located. Therefore, the
The lesions development
spread of resistant
down the host varieties
leaf as the represents the
bacterium best option
travels for disease
through the management
xylem
vessels
resulting in
the drying
symptoms
that give a
blighted
appearance
It causes
tannish-
gray to
white
lesions
along the
leaf veins.
Paddy Chaffer beetle Popillia lucida The August to Local people
y septembe
feed r
on
the
spik
elets
at
the
flow
erin

82
 g
stag
e of
the
crop.
Paddy Dicladis Rice hispa Rice hispa July to  Larvocel, Local people
Leaf beetle pa eggs laid by septembe Calpaste,
armiger the female r Azacel, Neem
a beetle are oil,
usually Multineem,
inserted and dk-
beneath the bioneem have
epidermis all been
of the shown to be
underside effective at
of leaves reducing D.
.Larvae armigera pop
mine into ulations by as
the leaf, much as 96%.
feeding on [
the green
tissues and
only
leaving the
two epider
mal layers.
The activity
of the
larvae will
often leave
an irregular
discolored
pattern on
the
leaf. Finally
the adult
beetle,

83
 known as
an imago,
emerges
and cuts its
way out of
the larval
tunnel and
surrounding
leaf.
Mash Hairy Spilosoma Jhan Feed Occasio  Collect and Local people
caterpillar obliqua gregari nal at destroy the
ously vegetati congregating
on ve stage caterpillars.
foliage  Dust Folidol
and soft 2% @ 20-
stems of 25kg/ha
young
plants
Mash Blister beetle Mylabris Ghodi Ad Regular/  Collect and Colle Local people
pustulata ults at destroy beetle ct and
fee flowerin  Spray 625 destro
d g and ml y
vor pod methylparath beetle
acio bearing ion s
usly stage 50 EC in 625 L
on water/ ha.
flo
wer
s
Mash Black bean Chauliops spp. - Sap feeder Minor - - - Local people
bug
Rapese Cabbage Brevic Tela Rabi *  Spray methyl Local people
ed and aphid oryne demeton
Mustar brassi 25EC or
d cae dimethoate
30EC
@1ml/l.

84
  If crop is
meant for
‘Sag’ purpose,
then spray
malathion
50EC @ 1ml/l
and observe
1week
waiting period
Rapeseed Green peach Myzus persicae Tela -do-  -do- Local people
and aphid
Mustard
Rapeseed Mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi Tela -do-  -do- Local people
and
Mustard
Rapeseed Mustard saw Athalia lugens - -do-  Spraymalathion Local people
and fly proxima 50EC @ 1ml/l
Mustard
Soybean Girdle beetle Nupserha - Kharif  Watch for Local people
nitidior drooping and
drying of
leaves.
 Manually
remove the
infested plants
or plant parts
from below
thegirdles.
 Alternatively,
spray
triazophos
40%EC @ 625
ml/ha.
Soybean Bean bug Chauliopsb - Kharif Local people
species

85
 Soybean White fly Bemisia tabaci - -do- - Local people

B. Fruits

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Host Insect/ animal Scientific name Local Habit Time/ Management mechanism Associa Other Comm
name at season ted TK details unity
of kno
attack wled
ge
hold
er
Litchi Red rust Eriophyid mite February Prune infected shoots during winter Local
-March and follow orchad sanitation. people
Spray of ponogamiaoil(2%)or
NSKE(4%) has been found quitye
effective.
Litchi Leaf roller Olethreutes leucaspis Septemb Webbed leaflets harbouring Local
er- caterpillar should be collected and people
October destroyed.
Spray of monocroptophos
(0.036%),cypermethrin(0.01%) after
the appearance of first symptoms.
Litchi Pedicel end Conopomorpha May- Spray the trees with neem seed Local
borrer litchiella June kernel extract 4% or neem oil 0.05% people
to check the pest infestation.
Application of cypermethrin
(0.01%) or monocroptophos
(0.036%) immediately after the
fruits start to turn pink or red.
Mango Drosicha Mango May-  Cut the part of the branches Local
Mang mangiferae leaf July touching the branches of other people
o hopper tree and the ground.

86
 mealy  Affix slippery band of alkathene
bug sheet on the trees.
 Rake soil during June-july to
expose eggs to natural enemies .
Mango Mang Idioscopus Tiddi June-  A reduviid Local
o clypealis, August predator,Endochusinornatus has people
hoppe Idioscopus been reported.
r niveosparsus,  Entomopanthogenic fungi
Amritodus viz.Verticilliumlecanii,Beauveri
atkinsoni abassiana and cladosporioum
sp.
 Spray imidacloprid.
Mango Shoot Chlumetia Moth July-  Barcongreeni(Ashmead),Goryph Local
borer transversa Septem us sp. Were repoted people
ber  clip off affected shoots with
caterpillar inside and destroy
them
 spray carbaryl
(0/1%),monocrotophos(0.05%)
Mango Fruit Bactrocera June-  Harvest the fruits when they are Local
fly dorsalis August physiologically mature people
 Destroy fallen infested fruits by
burying them deep into the
ground.
 Fruit fly population should be
monitored by using methyl
eugenol and malthion.
Leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella June- Clip first attacked leavesand crush Local
Citrus August the larvae people
Spray monocrotophos or
cypermethrin in the repeat after 20
days
Citrus Lemon butterfly Papilio demoleus March- Remove dried shoots and conserve Local
June natural enemies. people
Spring flush should be sprayed with
dimethoate.

87
Citrus Citrus psylla Diaphorina citri Septemb Remove dried shoots and conserve Local
er- natural enemies. people
october Spring flush should be sprayed with
dimethoate before opening of the
flowers.
Citrus Citrus whitefly Dialeurodes citri Septemb Hand picking and crushing of Local
er caterpillars in the early stage. people
-October Spray of
Bacillusthuringensis,Kurstakis
effective in early stages.
Citrus Bark eating Indarbela Septemb Kill the Caterpillars by thrushing a Local
caterpillar quardrinotata er- flexible wire inside the tunnel people
October followed by plugging of the holes
by cotton socked in DDVP emulsion
Spot spray of
monocrotophos(0.05)is also
effective.
Guava Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis It Local
prefers people
to
pupate
in
shaded
rather
than
brightly
lit
areas,
moist
over
dry
soil,
and in
soil
with
larger
particle

88
 s than
in soil
with
smaller
particle
Guava Bark eating Indarbela Socked cotton plugs of(0.05%) Local
caterpillar quadrinotata walker demeton methyl, dichlorvos and people
quinalphos are given to control bark
eating caterpillar.
Ber Fruit fly Carpomya vesuviana Novemb Use light traps to attract the Local
costa er-April beeteles. people
Spray carbaryl (0.01%) or
quinalphos (0.05%) assoon as the
attack is noticed.
Walnut Codli Cycdiapo June- Local
ng monella july people
moth
Banan Banana aphid Pentalonia Use Local
a nigronervosal entomopathogen,Beauveriabassiana people
and also encourage the activity of
predators.
The aphids can be controlled by
spraying dimethoate
(0.03%),malathion(0.05%) at 10-15
days of interval.

C. Vegetables

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Host Insect/ Scientific Local Habitat Time/ Management Associate Other Community
animal name name season of mechanism d TK details knowledge
attack holder
Okra Blister Mylabris Leaves and Mechanical collection Local people
beetles pustulata stem of grown up larva and
Thunberg blister beetle
M. phalerata Bacillus thuringiensis

89
 Pallas, kurstaki 1000-1250
M. mecilenta g/ha
Marhsall Indoxacarb 15.8%SC
M. tifiensis Bills 333 ml/ha
Quinalphos 25%EC
1400 ml/ha
Spinosad 45%SC 125-
162 ml/ha
Okra Shoot and Earias vitella Leaves and Set up pheromone trap Local people
fruit borer (Boisduval) stem @ 12/ha.
E. insulana Collection and
(Fabricius) destruction of affected
fruits.
Release of egg parasite
Trichogramma chilonis
@ 1.0 lakh/ha.
Release of 1st instar
larvae of green
lacewing predator
Chrysoperla carnea @
10,000/ha.
Spray Bacillus
thuringiensis @ 2 g/lit
Spray Quinalphos 25
% EC 8ml/10lt
Okra Okra aphid Aphis gossypii Leaves and Spray dimethoate 30 Local people
Glover stem EC @ 1 ml/l of water
before the opening of
flower.
Okra Leaf spot Cercospora Rainfall and Growing Protective control Local people
malayensis, high season measures and
C. abelmoschi, humidity integrated approach is
C hibiscina, C. necessary
hibisci

Okra Red cotton Dysdercus Leaves and Plough the field to Local people

90
 bug koengii (F.) stem expose the eggs
Spray dimethoate 30
EC @ 1 ml/l of water
Tomato Fruit borer Helicoverpa Fruits, Collect and destroy the Local people
armigera leaves and infected fruits and
stem grown up larvae
Grow simultaneously
40 days old American
tall marigold and 25
days old tomato
seedling at 1:16 rows
Setup pheromone trap
with Helilure at 12/ha
Collection and
destruction of damaged
fruits and grown up
caterpillars.
Release Trichogramma
pretiosum @ 1 lakh
nos. /ha/release at an
interval of 7 days
starting from flower
initiation stage based
on ETL of 10%
damage.
For Helicoverpa
armigera: HaNPV 1.5 x
1012 POBs/ha i.e. NPV
of H. armigera  0.43% 
AS @ 3.0 ml/lit or 2 %
AS @ 1.0 ml per lit
Spray Bacillus
thuringiensis 2g/lit
Quinalphos 25 % EC
@ 1ml/l
Tomato Greenhous Trialeurodes Pods, Uproot and destroy the Local people

91
 e whitefly vaporariorum leaves and diseased leaf curl
Bemisia tabaci stem. White plants
(Gennadius) flies are Use nitrogen and
generally irrigation judiciously.
found on Remove alternate weed
shady host
leaves and Use yellow sticky traps
under the at 12/ha to attract and
leaves. kill insects.
Dimethoate 30 % EC
1.0 ml/lit. or
Malathion 50 % EC
1.5 ml/ lit. or
Thiamethoxam 25 %
WG 4.0 ml/10 lit
Tomato Fruit flies Bactrocera Fruits, Pesticide spray Local people
spp. leaves and
stem
Tomato Cutworms Agrotis spp. Fruits, Plough the soil during Local people
leaves and summer months to
stem expose larvae and
pupae to predators
Set up light trap @ 1/
ha
Pheromone traps @
12/ ha to attract male
moths
Spray insecticides like
chlorpyriphos 20EC @
1.5ml/l or neem oil @
3%
Tomato Fruit Othreis Fruits Pesticide spray Local people
sucking fullonica, O.
moths maternal
Pea Pea leaf Chromatomyia Upper and Collect and destroy Local people
miner horticloa lower mined leaves

92
 (Goureau) surface of Spray NSKE 5%
leaves and
forms
tunnels in
leaves.
Pea Pod borer Etiella Shoots, Deep summer Local people
zinckenella pods and ploughing in 2-3 years
Treitschke leaves to eliminate quiescent
pupa.
Early sowing, short
duration varieties.
Avoid closer plant
spacing.
Collect and destroy
larvae and adults to the
extent possible
Install pheromone traps
at a distance of 50 m @
5 traps/ha for each
insect pest.
Install Bird perches @
50/ha.
Setting of light traps (1
light trap/5 acre) to kill
moth population.
Control is achieved by
releasing of
Trichogramma chlionis
at weekly intervals
@1.5 lakh/ha/ week for
four times.
Spray insecticide
Quinalphos 25 EC @
1000 ml/ha.
Pea Blight Ascochyta pisi warm Growing Crop rotation, cultural Local people
humid season practices, seed

93
 conditions selection, resistant
with a varieties and fungicide
temperature sprays
about 15o C
to 25o C.
Pea Blight Ascochyta pisi warm Growing Crop rotation, cultural Local people
humid season practices, seed
conditions selection, resistant
with a varieties and fungicide
temperature sprays
about 15o C
to 25o C.
Potato Early blight Alternaria Warm, Growth Cultural and chemical Local people
solani rainy and season management practices
wet weather
Potato Late blight Phytophthora High Growth Resistant cultivars, Local people
infestans humidity, season good quality seed
Low potato and fungicide
temperature spray
and leaf
wetness

Potato Common Streptomyces fields with Growth certified clean seeds, Local people
Scab scabies low soil pH season delayed planting
favoured by ,resistant potatoes and
high soil crop rotations 
moisture
and
excessive
irrigation
Beans Leaf eating Amsacta spp., Stem, pods Pesticide spray Local people
caterpillars Acherontia styx and leaves
Beans Bean bug Riptortus Stem, pods Dimethoate 30% EC Local people
pedestris(F.), R. and leaves 1ml/l
linearis(F.)
Beans Floury leaf Ramularia Overwinter Crop Use resistant host Local people

94
 spot phaseoli s in crop season Fungicide spray
(Mycovellosiell debris
a phaseoli)
Stone fruits and Peach leaf Brachycaudus Seasonal Remove and destroy Local people
nuts curl aphid helichrysi the damaged plant parts
(Katt) along with nymphs and
adults
Spray dimethoate or
methyl demeton
@1ml/l
Stone fruits and Defoliating Brahmina Seasonal Pesticide spray Local people
nuts beetles coriacea
Maladera
insanabilis
H. longipennis
Anomala
dimidiate
Stone fruits and Leaf spot Phyllosticta Overwinters Summer Cultural control Local people
nuts of peach cerasicola in the soil, season Fungicide spray
twigs, leaves,
stems and
fruit of
infected trees

95
Agrotis ipsilon Mylabris pustulata

Hieroglyphus spp.
Bactrocera dorsalis

Format 6: Markets for Domesticated animals (NA)

96
 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Name of the Weekly (D)/ Types of Types and Average Places from Places to which Name and Types of Source

market & Fortnightly (D) / Animals Number of animals which the animals are location of fishes of fish

location Monthly (D) / bought and transacted in a day animals are sold / transported fish market sold

Biannual (M) / Sold brought

Annual (M) [2]

[1]

97
 Format 7: Peoplescape

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
Communit Families Sub- Dependin Major Landscape Resource Cast/ Social Nature of No.
y & occupatio g resources managemen management tribe conditio inhabitant of
& Major n Landscap accessed t practices n s HH
Population occupatio e and practices s
n seasons of
access
Brahmin Agricultur Govt.job Agricultur Horticultur Irrigation, a. Land Genera Good Hospitable -
e Business, al and e using manageme l
Prohitchar horticultur Vegetable fertilizer, nt:
i e and farmyard Application
cereals, manure, of FYM,
pulses compost organic
manure, manures,
mixed Chemical
cropping of fertilizer
legume for
pulses sustaining
farm
fertility.
b. Farm
manageme
nt:Use of
quality
seedand
improved
varieties of
horticulture
crops,
training &
pruning of
horticultura
l plants,
integrated
pest

98
 manageme
nt
c. Natural
resource
utilization:
Sustainable
use of
forest
resources
and their
by-product,
Cleaning of
Bawadies
time to
time.

Rajpoot Agricultur Business , Agricultur Horticultur Irrigation, a. Land Genera Good Hospitable -
e Govt job al and e using manageme l
and horticultur Vegetable fertilizer, nt:
Pvt.job e and farmyard Application
cereals, manure, of FYM,
pulses compost organic
manure, manures,
mixed Chemical
cropping of fertilizer
legume for
pulses sustaining
farm
fertility.
b. Farm
manageme
nt:Use of
quality
seedand
improved
varieties of
horticulture

99
 crops,
training &
pruning of
horticultura
l plants,
integrated
pest
manageme
nt
c. Natural
resource
utilization:
Sustainable
use of
forest
resources
and their
by-product,
Cleaning of
Bawadies
time to
time

Mehra Agricultur Business , Agricultur Vegetable Irrigation, a. Land OBC Good Hospitable -
e Govt job al land and using manageme
and cereals, fertilizer, nt:
Pvt.job pulses farmyard Application
manure, of FYM,
compost organic
manure, manures,
mixed Chemical
cropping of fertilizer
legume for
pulses sustaining
farm
fertility.
b. Farm

100
 manageme
nt:Use of
quality
seedand
improved
varieties of
horticulture
crops,
training &
pruning of
horticultura
l plants,
integrated
pest
manageme
nt
c. Natural
resource
utilization:
Sustainable
use of
forest
resources
and their
by-product,
Cleaning of
Bawadies
time to
time

Harijan Agricultur Govt jobs Agricultur Crops and 1) Water a. Land SC Good Hospitable -
e, Business and al land vegetables conservatio manageme
and Govt. agriculture n nt:
jobs. . technique , Application
2) IPM of FYM,
organic
manures,

101
 Chemical
fertilizer
for
sustaining
farm
fertility.
b. Farm
manageme
nt:Use of
quality
seedand
improved
varieties of
horticulture
crops,
training &
pruning of
horticultura
l plants,
integrated
pest
manageme
nt
c. Natural
resource
utilization:
Sustainable
use of
forest
resources
and their
by-product,
Cleaning of
Bawadies
time to
time.

102
Lohaar Agricultur Business Agricultur Horticultur Irrigation, d. Land S.C Good Hospitable -
e al land e using manageme
Vegetable fertilizer, nt:
and farmyard Application
cereals, manure, of FYM,
pulses compost organic
manure, manures,
mixed Chemical
cropping of fertilizer
legume for
pulses sustaining
farm
fertility.
e. Farm
manageme
nt:Use of
quality
seedand
improved
varieties of
horticulture
crops,
training &
pruning of
horticultura
l plants,
integrated
pest
manageme
nt
f. Natural
resource
utilization:
Sustainable
use of
forest

103
 resources
and their
by-product,
Cleaning of
Bawadies
time to
time

Dhiman Agricultur Business Agricultur Horticultur Irrigation, g. Land O.B.C Good Hospitable -
e al land e using manageme
Vegetable fertilizer, nt:
and farmyard Application
cereals, manure, of FYM,
pulses compost organic
manure, manures,
mixed Chemical
cropping of fertilizer
legume for
pulses sustaining
farm
fertility.
h. Farm
manageme
nt:Use of
quality
seedand
improved
varieties of
horticulture
crops,
training &
pruning of
horticultura
l plants,
integrated
pest
manageme

104
 nt
i. Natural
resource
utilization:
Sustainable
use of
forest
resources
and their
by-product,
Cleaning of
Bawadies
time to
time

Gujjar Agricultur Business , Agricultur Hospitable -

e Govt al and
job horticultur
ST Good
,Pvt.job e
and Milk
selling
Bangali Snake Snake Agricultur Hospitable -
Charming ST Good
Charming al land
Barad Chajj Chajj Agricultur ST Good Hospitable -
Making Making al land

105
 Format 8: Landscape (NA)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Major Landscapes Sub - Features Ownership General General User Management General Associated Other Community

Landscapes and Flora fauna groups practices uses TK details Accessed

Agricultur
al Pond Fallow

land land approx.

area

106
 Format 9: Waterscape

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Waterscape Sub- Feature Own General General Major User Managem General Associ Othe Communi
element type s ershi Flora fauna Uses groups ent uses ated r ty
type and p Practices TK detail Accessed
approx s
area
IPH water - - Govt. - - Drinking All Regular For drinking Unknown - Villagers
supply check of and domestic
water purpose.
level.
Local water Bawad Publi Green algae Tadpoles, Drinking Local Cleaning Drinking - - Villagers
bodies is c Adiantum Snake, water for commu of Bawadi water for
caudatum, ants, human and nities seasonally, human
Primula Snail, animals, removal of and
denticulate, Frog, use for weed animals,
Rumexnepalen Toad, cloth plants use for
sis, Leech, washing, cloth
Ranunculus Earthwor bath for washing,
arvensis, m, Lizard animals bath for
Mentha animals
longifolia,
Pileascripta
Neugal - - - Irrigation Local No check Source of Unknown - Villagers
Khad and commu Irrigation
Washing nities
Purpose

107
Neugal Khad

108
Local water bodies

109
 Format 10: Soil type

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Color & Soil Plants / crop Flora and Other
Soil Type Texture Features management suitable fauna Associated TK information
Retili Red to Brown, Humus No practices Only drought
Sandy resistant and
salt tolerant
- -
crops such as
maize and
pulses
Domat Brown, Sandy High in organic Chemical Wheat, rice etc.
loam matter and fertilizer as well
neutral to as Farmyard -
slightly acidic Manure is added
for fertility

110
 DOMESTICATED BIODIVERSITY

Format 11: Fruit Trees

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Landscap Local
Commun
e Status Other
Season Associate ity /
Scientific Local Variet Pr Source of details
Plant of d Uses Knowled
Name Name y e Seeds/Plants market /
Habitat Past Fruiting TK ge
sen own use
Holder
t
Litchi Litchi Litchi Dry, Yes Ye Home Garden June - Fruit are Lychee Commerciall Local
chinensis Shady s August edible contains y sold in People
antioxidants local market
, Vitamin C, and also kept
B-complex for self-own
and
phytonutrie
nt
flavonoids
Mango Mangiferain Aam Daseri, Dry Yes Ye Home June - Fruit are Helps to Commerciall Local
dica Amarp s Garden/Orchar August edible maintain y sold in People
ali, ds cholesterol local market
Langa, level. Used and also kept
Chausa to prepare for self-own
Chutneys
and
Aachaar
Local
People
Guava Psidium Amrood Safeda, Dry Yes Ye Home Garden June - Fruit are Richest Commerciall Local
guajava Lalit s August edible source of y sold in People
Vitamin C local market
and also kept
for self-own

111
Orange Citrus Santra Nurpur Dry and Yes Ye Home Garden Fruit are High in Commerciall Local
sinensis Local Moist s edible vitamin C y sold in People
and local market
improves and also kept
immune for self-own
system
Papaya Carica Papita Madhu Dry Yes Ye Home Garden Fruit are Significant Commerciall Local
papaya s edible source of y sold in People
vitamin C local market
and Folate and also kept
for self-own
Amla Phyllanthus Amla Banarsi Dry and Yes Ye Home Garden June - Fruit are Helps to Commerciall Local
emblica Rainy s August edible fight against y sold in People
cold, local market
improves and also kept
eyesight for self-own
and burns
fat.
Cochlo Citrus Galgal Dry, Yes Ye Home Garden August- Fruit are Lemon is Commerciall Local
spermu pseudolimo Shady, s Septemb edible, used to treat y sold in People
m n Moist er Juice scurvy, a local market
condition and also kept
caused by for self-own
not having
enough
vitamin
C. Lemon is
also used
for the
common
cold and
flu, H1N1
(swine) flu,
ringing in
the ears
(tinnitus),

112
 Meniere's
disease, and
kidney
stones
Lemon Citrus limon Neembu Cultiva Dry, Yes Ye Home Garden August- Fruit are Lemon is Commerciall Local
ted Shady, s Septemb edible, used to treat y sold in People
Moist er Juice scurvy, a local market
condition and also kept
caused by for self-own
not having
enough
vitamin
C. Lemon is
also used
for the
common
cold and
flu, H1N1
(swine) flu,
ringing in
the ears
(tinnitus),
Meniere's
disease, and
kidney
stones
Banana Musa sp. Kela Cultiva Shady Yes Ye Home garden Fruit are The peel Commerciall Local
ted moist s edible and pulp of y sold in People
ripened fruit local market
have and also kept
antifungal for self-own
and
antibiotic
properties
and also
improves

113
 digestive
health .
Pyrus Nashpat Red Dry, Yes Ye Nurseries August- Jam, High in Commerciall Local
Pear communis i Wattlet shady s October juice Fiber, high y sold in People
, moist Source of local market
Wattlet Immune- and also kept
, Boosting for self-own
Babugo Vitamin C,
sha, provides
Kuharn antioxidants
eck, , can help
Bargm with weight
ath loss, helps
improve
heart health,
improves
digestion,
helps to
fight
Diabetes,
makes a
good pre- or
post-
workout
snack
Plum Prunus Plum Dry, Yes Ye Nurseries Late Jam, Cash fruit, Commerciall Local
domestica shady s April- juice The health y sold in People
moist June benefits of local market
plums inclu and also kept
de relief for self-own
from
indigestion,
influenza
infections,
and anxiety-
related

114
 problems.
The
antioxidant
power of
these fruits 
helps in
treating oste
oporosis,
macular
degeneratio
n, cancer, di
abetes, and
obesity.
They also
help in
maintaining
a healthy
heart by
reducing ch
olesterol
levels.
Additionall
y, plums
improve
cognition, b
oost
immunity,
improve
cellular
health,
maintain
electrolyte
balance,
keep the
nervous
system

115
 healthy, and
aid
in skincare
and blood
clotting.
Jamun Syzygiumcu Jamnu Dry and Yes Ye Home garden Fruit are Seeds Commerciall Local
mini moist s edible powder is y sold in People
used to treat local market
diabetes and also kept
for self-own
+

Psidium guajava
Carica papaya

116
 Citrus pseudolimon

Litchi chinensis

117
 Format 12: Medicinal Plants (Herbs, Shrubs, Trees etc.)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Plant Local Status Community/

(Herb, Local Scientific Landscape / Associated Uses Part
Variety Past Pre Knowledge
Shrub, Name Name Habitat sent TK used
Tree) Holder

A. Climbers

Climber Kheera Cucumis Sagar, Dry and Moist Yes Yes Juice is used to Fruit Local People
sativus Sonali, remove dead skin
Linn. Chitra, from face
Kian

Climber Amarbe Cuscuta Dry and Moist Yes Yes Aqueous Whole Local People
l reflexa decoction for foot Plant
Roxb. oedema.

Climber Giloy Tinospora Dry and Moist Yes Yes Decoction used Stem Local People
cardifolia orally in joint
(Willd.) pains.
Miers.

B. Herbs

Herb Ban Origanum Shady moist Rare Rar Medicinal Leaves Local People
tulsi vulgare e (Antiseptic,
bronchitis, colic,
diarrhea)

118
Herb Kuware Aloe Dry Yes Yes Used to cure oral Leaf sap Local People
barbadensi sores
s Mill.

Herb Minkee Centella Dry and Moist Yes Yes Leaves are taken Leaves Local People
asiatica(Li with sugar to
nn.) enhance memory

Herb Malori Oxalis Shady moist, Yes Yes Medicinal (Fresh Leaf and Local People
acetosella Open, Dry or dried leaves are Stem
anodyne,
antiscorbutic,
astringent,
diuretic,
emmenagogue,
expectorant,
febrifuge, irritant,
stomachic,
decoction is used
in the treatment

Herb Jungali Mentha Shaady moist Yes Yes Leaves used to Leaves Local People
pudina longifolia make tea useful in
cough & cold,
used to make
chutney which is
good for hot
flushes, stomachic

Herb Bhang Cannabis Shaady moist Yes Yes It is used as Leaves Local People
sativa ointment and and
anti-infflamatory
agent during
insect bite

Herb Banaks Viola Shady moist, Yes Yes Medicinal Leaf and Local People
ha canescens (Asthma,

119
 Bronchitis, Cold, Flower
Cough, Eye
diseases)

Herb Neel Ajuga Shady Yes Yes Leaf extract used Fresh Local People
kanthi bracteosa for scalp leaves
Wall.ex treatment and to
Benth. kill lice
Juice applied on
scalp for killing
lice. Also used for
treatment of sugar

Herb Neela Ageratum Shady moist, Yes Yes Crushed leaves Leaves Local People
phulunu conyzoides are applied on cut
& wounds, paste
of leaves used to
remove thorn
from skin

Herb Jungali Rumex Dry and Moist Yes Yes Leaves juice Leaves Local People
Palak nepalensis applied externally
to relieve
headache

Herb Haldi Curcuma Dry and Moist Yes Yes Boiled with Rhizom Local People
longa Linn. mustard oil to e
cure wounds

Herb Dhaniya Coriandru Dry and Moist Yes Yes Used to cure Fresh Local People
m sativum dandruff Leaves
Linn.

Herb Khokhu Stellaria Shady and Yes Yes Used to make Leaves Local People
a media moist saag in
combination with

120
 mustard leaves,
crushed leaves
applied on itchy
skin

Herb Drub Cynodon Dry and Moist Yes Yes 1-2 drop poured Leaves Local People
dactylon in each nostril
Pers. during
epistaxis.

Herb Dhudhi Taraxarum Dry and Moist Yes Yes Roots given to Roots Local People
officinale cattles to increase and
milk production , leaves
crushed leaves &
latex applied on
itchy

Herb Aadrak Zingiber Dry Yes Yes Roasted rhizome Rhizom Local People
officinale chewed and its e
Rosc. juice
mixed with honey
for cough and
cold
respectively.

Herb Pudina Mentha Dry and Moist Yes Yes Juice for diarrhea. Fresh Local People
sylvestris Leaves
Linn.

Herb Piprami Mentha Dry and Moist Yes Yes Decoction or juice Fresh Local People
nt,pipla piperita used in diarrhea. Leaves
mint Linn.
emend.
Huds

121
Herb Sanswa Asparagus Dry and Moist Yes Yes Roots used to Root Local People
yen adscendens treat Dysentery &
diarrhea

Herb Choo - Rorippa Shady and Yes Yes Leaves cooked for Leaves Local People
nali nasturtium moist making saag,
aquaticum leaves juice
applied externally
for growth of
thick hairs,
poultices of
leaves help in
treating lymphatic
swelling.

Herb Bathu Chenopodi Dry and Moist Yes Yes Leaves & young Whole Local People
um album shoots eaten as Plant
vegetable.It is
useful for treating
various diseases.

Herb Sonchus Dry and Moist Yes Yes It is used in the Leaves Local People
spp. treatment of and
headaches, roots.
general pain,
diarrhea,
menstrual
problems, fever.

Herb Muli Raphanus Raddish Dry and Moist Yes Yes Fresh stem used Root Local People
sativus super as a diuretic.
Linn. white
(Hyb)

C. Shrubs

122
Shrub Bhindi Abelmosch Dry and Moist Yes Yes Fresh seeds are Fresh Local People
us grounded and seeds
esculentus applied on
wounds
externally.

Shrub Piyaz Allium Dry and Moist Yes Yes Fresh juice of Bulb Local People
cepa Linn. Allium cepa and
Mentha
spicata (1:1) used
to treat
diarrhoea.

Shrub Vanash Viola Dry, Moist Yes Yes Tea made from Leaves, Local People
ka patrinii leaves & flower stem,
helpful in cough flower
& cold

Shrub Lasun Allium Dry and Moist Yes Yes Bulb oil along Bulb Local People
sativum with til oil used as
Linn. ear drop for
earache. Used to
treat sprain and
strain

Shrub Neela Ageratum Moist and Dry Yes Yes Leaves extract is Fresh Local People
Phulnu conyzoides applied on leaves
Linn. wounds to stop
the bleeding

Shrub Puthkan Achyranthe Shady and Yes Yes Seed powder is Seeds & Local People
da s aspera Moist applied on Stem
Linn. bleeding piles and

123
 stem for
toothaches.

Shrubs Akhe Rubus Dry, Shady Yes Yes Medicinal Fruit Local People
ellipticus moist (Dysentery,
malaria,
stomachache,
worms)

Shrub Sadasuh Vinca rosea Shady, Dry Yes Yes 2-3 leaves eaten Leaf Local People
agan and moist empty stomach
for diabetes

Shrub Kasham Berberis Dry, Boundary Yes Yes Medicinal (Snake Root, Local People
bal aristata bite, boils, eye Fruit
complaints) and
Wood

Shrubs Tirmira Zanthoxylu Dry, Shady Yes Yes Medicinal Stem, Local People
m armatum moist (Cough, cholera, Leaves
fever, eczema, and
itching, piles, Fruit
tonic, toothache);
Edible; Fuel

Shrub Bhabri Ocimun Dry and Moist Yes Yes Leaf decoction for Leaves, Local People
sanctum cough and cold, Seeds
Linn. and
juice for eye
inflammation.

Shrub Chatpat Bryophyllu Dry and Moist Yes Yes Used to remove Fresh Local People
a m kidney stones Leaves
pinnatum
(Lam.)

124
Shrub Dhaye Woodfordi Dry and Moist Yes Yes Powder used Flower Local People
a fruticosa orally and applied
topically on
vagina to treat
leucorrhoea and
uterine bleeding.

Shrub Gandala Murraya Dry and Moist Yes Yes Luke warm Fresh Local People
koenigii decoction is Leaves
Linn. applied
Spreng. topically on
swelling of foot
and legs.

Shrub Gulab Rosa alba Dry and Moist Yes Yes Decoction in eye Flower Local People
Linn. inflammation.

Shrub Kandya Solanum Dry, shdy and Yes Yes Fruit fumes are Fruit Local People
ri khasianum moist inhaled in asthma
and dental pain

Shrub Bana Vitex Dry and Moist Yes Yes Chewing provides Fresh Local People
negundo relief in oral Leaves
Linn. sores.

Shrub Til Sesamum Dry and Moist Yes Yes Powder is taken Seeds Local People
indicum with milk for
Linn. amenorrhea.

Shrub Aalu Solanum Dry Yes Yes Crushed tuber Local People
tuberosum applied on sun Tuber
Linn. burns.

D. Tree

Tree Karal Bauhinia Dry and moist Yes Yes Used orally for Buds Local People

125
 variegata constipation and
Linn. Flowers

Tree Tejpatta Cinnamom Dry and Moist Yes Yes Used to treat Fresh Local People
um tamala Pyorrhea Leaves
Nees &
Eberm.

Tress Nimbu Citrus Dry and Moist Yes Yes Fruit juice used to Fruit Local People
limon cure indigestion
(Linn.)
Burm.f.

Tree Ritha,D Sapindus Dry and moist Yes Yes Crushed rind used Fruit Local People
ooda mukorossi for hair wash.

Tree Kela Musa Dry and Moist Yes Yes Fruit is taken Fruit, Local People
paradisiac orally as a mild Leaves
a Linn. laxative.

Tree Charma Artemisia Dry and Moist Yes Yes Relief for fever. Fresh Local People
ra vulgaris leaf
Linn.

Tree Jamnu Syzygium Dry Yes Yes Powder used Seed Local People
cumini orally for Kernels
(Linn.) diabetes.
Skeels

Tree Drek Melia Dry and Moist Yes Yes Decoction used in Leaves Local People
azedarach bathing for
Linn. itching
in groins region.

Tress Arand Ricinus Dry and Moist Yes Yes Leaves are coated Fresh Local People
communis with luke warm leaves
Linn. oil and

126
 and applied Fruit
topically for joint
pains.

Tree Amla Phyllanthu Dry and Moist Yes Yes As a tonic for Fruit Local People
s emblica pregnant women.
Linn. Hair Growth

Tree Shegar Pyrus Shady, Dry Yes Yes Medicinal (Fruit Fruit Local People
pashia are used in
gastrointestinal,
respiratory and
cardiovascular
ailments Fuel and
Fodder)

Tree Dadu Punica Dry and Moist Yes Yes Roasted dried rind Fruit Local People
granatum mixed with honey
Linn. for dry cough.

Tree Amrud Psidium Yes Yes As a toothbrush Branche Local People

guajava s, leaves
Linn.

Tree Safeda Eucalyptus Dry and Moist Yes Yes Leaves extract is Leaves Local People
camaldulen used in the and
sis treatment of wood
cough and cold

Tree Behra Terminalia Dry Yes Yes Roasted fruit for Fruit Local People
bellirica cough and cold.
Roxb.

Tree Toot Morus alba Dry and Moist Yes Yes Used to cure sore Fruit Local People
throats and

127
 headache

Tree Harad Terminalia Dry Yes Yes Rubbed with Fruit Local People
chebula mother’s milk &
Retz. licked to
infant as a
laxative

Tree Fegra Ficus Dry, open Yes Yes Fodder; Leaf, Local People
palmata Medicinal Fruit,
(Digestive
disorder)

Tree Dhudu Ficus Dry and Moist Yes Yes Latex applied on Latex, Local People
carica warts. Also purify Fruit
Linn. the blood

Tree Akhrot Juglans Shady, Dry Yes Yes Medicinal (Frost Bark, Local People
regia bite, rheumatism, Leaf,
sores of toes, and
toothache, fuel, Fruit
fodder tool
making, dye)

128
Ocimun sanctum Murraya koenigii

Phyllanthus emblica Melia azedarach

129
 Format 13: Ornamental Plants/ Trees/Climbers etc.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Pla Local Scientific Variety Source of Commercial/ Uses Associat Ot Comm
nt Name Name plant/seeds non- ed her unity/
Ty commercial TK det Know.
pe ails Holder
A. Climbers

Vine Railway Wild Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local

creeper Ipomoea commercial purpose People
pulchella
Vine trumpet Wild/cultivat Market, Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local
vine Campsis ed commercial purpose People
grandiflora
B. Herbs
Herb Sweet Dianthus Wild Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local
William  barbatus commercial purpose People

Herb Gulab Rosa Wild/Cultiva Local Ornamental Used in NA Local

chinensis ted Non- commercial and religious making People
purpose gulab jal
Herb Pot  Calendula Wild/Cultiva Local Non- commercial Ornamental - NA Local
marigold officinalis ted purpose People
Herb Gainda Tagetes Wild/ Market, Local Non- Ornamental Use to NA Local
minuta, Cultivated commercial purpose, treat skin People
Tagetes decoration in problems
erecta weddings,
Used in
prayers for
God
Herb Surajmukhi Helianthus Wild/cultivat Local Non- Ornamental Seeds are NA Local
annuus ed Commercial purpose and used to People
religious make oil
purpose

130
Herb  Sun rose Portulaca Wild Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local
grandiflora commercial purpose People
Herb Dog flower Antirrhinum Wild/ Market, Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local
majus Cultivated commercial purpose, People
decoration in
weddings,
Used in
prayers for
God
Herb Dahlia Dahlia - Market, Local Non- Ornamental Ornamen NA Local
commercial purpose tal People
purpose
used in
houses
C. Shrubs

Sadabahar Catharanthus Wild/Cultiva Market, Local Non- Ornamental Useful in Local

Shrub roseus, ted commercial purpose, diabetes People
decoration in
weddings,
Used in
prayers for
God
Shrub Wild/Cultiva Market, Local Non- Local
Dahlia sp. ted commercial People
Shrub Poppy Papaver sp. Wild Market, Local Non- Local
commercial People
 Canna Wild Non- Local
Shrub indica commercial People
Raat ki Cestrum Wild/cultivat Market, Local Non- Local
Shrub rani, night- nocturnum ed commercial People
blooming
jasmine
Shrub Dog plant Antirrhium Wild/Cultiva Market, Local Non- Local
sp. ted commercial People
Shrub China rose, Hibiscus rosa Wild/cultivat Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local

131
 Gulhad ka sinensis ed Commercial purpose and People
fool /commercial its flowers are
used in
treatment of
kidney stone.
Shrub Duranta Duranta sp. Wild/cultivat Market, Local Non- Local
ed commercial People
Shrub Snake plant Dracaena Cultivated Market, Local Non- Ornamental Local
trifasciata commercial purpose, People
Shrub Lilium sp. Cultivated Market, Local Non- Ornamental NA Local
commercial purpose, People
decoration in
weddings,
Used in
prayers for
God
Shrub Hydrangea Cultivated Market, Local Non- Ornamental Used NA Local
macrophylla commercial purpose, during People
decoration in local
weddings, festival
Used in of deities
prayers for
God
Shrub Money Epipremnum Cultivated Local/Market Non- Ornamental - NA Local
plant aureum commercial purpose People
Shrub Jungali Rosa Wild Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local
gulab macrophylla commercial purpose People
Shrub Bamboo Bambusoidea Wild/cultivat Local/Market Non-commercial Ornamental Twigs NA Local
e sp. ed purpose are used People
to make
pickles
Shrub Areca palm Dypsis Cultivated Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local
lutescens commercial purpose ans People
air-purifyer
Shrub scarlet sage Salvia Wild/cultivat Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local
splendens ed commercial purpose and People

132
 religious value
Shrub Yellow Reinwardita Wild Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local
flax or pyol indica commercial purpose People
i
Shrub Bougainvill Bougainville Wild Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local
ea a spectabilis commercial purpose People

D. Trees

Tree Pride of Lagerstroemi Wild Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local

india a indica commercial purpose,its People
wood is used
as timber
Tree Vidya ka Wild Market, Local Commercial and Local
peed Thuja plicata Non- People
commercial
Tree Red cotton Bombax Wild Market Non- Ornamental NA Local
tree, Kapok ceiba commercial purpose People

Tree Amaltas Cassia fistula Wild Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local

commercial purpose . Also People
chutney of
seeds is eaten
by local
people
Tree Living Araucaria Wild Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local
Christmas heterophylla commercial purpose People
tree,
Triangle
tree,
Monkey
puzzle tree
Tree Bottlebrush Callistemon Wild Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local
citrinus commercial purpose People

133
 Helianthus annuus Rosa chinensis

Tagetes erecta
Hibiscus rosa

134
 Format 14: Timber Plants / Trees

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Local status Other

Wild/ Community/
Plant Local Scientific Associated Other
Past Present home- Know.
Habitat uses
Type Name Name TK details
Garden Holder
(multi)

Tree Khirk Celtis australis Moist, shady Y Y Wild Fruits are edible. It is often Local People
moist planted as an ornamental
as it is long-living and
resistant to air pollution. 
Tree Siris Albizia lebbeck Moist, shady Y Y Wild It is used to It is used as a forage, Local People
moist produce timber medicine and wood.
Tree Beul Grewia Shady moist, Y Y Wild Leaves are used as fodder Used in chulhas for cooking Local People
oppositifolia dry purpose

Tree Barh Ficus Shady moist, Y Y Wild Local People

bengelensis dry

Tree Trembla Ficus Shady moist, Y Y Wild Leaves are used as fodder Its fruits are edible Local People
roxburghii dry

135
Tree Kher Senegalia Shady moist, Y Y Wild Used in chulhas for cooking Local People
catechu dry purpose

Tree Simbal Bombax ceiba Shady moist, Y Y Wild Ornamental value Local People
dry

Tree Toon Tectona grandis Shady moist, Y Y Wild Local People

dry

Tree Amaltas Cassia fistula Shady moist, Y Y Wild Leaves are used as a fodderSeeds are used in making Local People
dry chutneys

Tree Bad Ficus religiosa Shady moist, Y Y Wild People worship it during Local People
dry festivals

Tree Toona/Ce Toona ciliata  Shady moist, Y Y Wild Leaves are used to heal Its wood is used as a Local People
drellatoon dry wounds and also as fodder fuelwood
a

Tree Khair Acacia catechu Shady moist, Y Y Wild Used to cure skin diseases Local People
dry

Tree Poplar Popular ciliata Shady moist, Y Y Wild Bark is of medicinal value Used in chulhas for cooking Local People
dry and paper is also made purpose
from its wood

Tree Banni Quercus glauca moist, dry Y Y Wild Its seeds are edible Its wood is used as a Local People
fuelwood

136
Tree Bamboo/B Bambusa  sp. Shady moist, Y Y Wild Young twigs are used to Used in chulhas for cooking Local People
anj dry make pickles and have purpose
ornamental value, paper is
also made from its wood

Tree Safeeda Eucalyptus sp. Shady moist, Y Y Wild Leaves are used in Leaves are kept in harvested Local People
dry treatment of cold grains to protect them from
pest.

Tree Chir pine Pinus Shady moist, Y Y Wild Cone seeds are edible and Used in chulhas for cooking Local People
roxburghii dry stem latex is of medicinal purpose, leaves are used to
value and also used as a make broom sticks
fuel

Tree Ohi, Albizia Shady moist, Y Y Wild Used in chulhas for cooking Local People
lebbek chinensis dry purpose
tree,

137
Eucalyptus  sp. Pinus roxburghii

Bombax ceiba Tectona grandis

138
 Format 15: Domesticated Animal

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Animal Local Scientific Breed Featur Method Local Status Uses Associated Comme Other details Community
es rcialRa
Type Name Name (local/ of Past Prese TK ring including Know.
nt
hybrid) keeping products and Holders

services

Mammals Buffalo Bubalus Local, Best for Shed Y Y Milk, Cattle dung used NA Milk Local People
bubalis Hybrid milk and Manure as manure for
Ghi, agriculture Butter
systems
Cheese

Mammals Gaye Bos taurus Local, Small in Cow shed Y Y Milk, Cattle dung used NA Milk Local People
size, Best Manure as manure for
Hybrid for milk agriculture Butter
(Jarsi) and Ghi, systems,
Medicinal and Cheese
Pesticidal Cow urine use in
properties of Ayurvedic medicine
cow urine,Also
is of religious
importance

Mammals Bail Bos taurus Local, Small in shed Y Y Plough, Used for NA Sperms are preserved Local People
size, Good Manure threshing and (cryopreservation)
for ploughing in
ploughing traditional

139
 method

Mammals Bakari, Capra Local Long hairs, Shed Y Y Milk, Used for Animal Yes Its milk is used for the Local People
goat aegagrushir Good for Meat, sacrifice treatment of jaundice
cus meat, Manure
nutritious
milk

Mammals Bhed, Ovis aries Local Good Shed Y Y Milk, Used for Animal Yes Wool is used for Local People
sheep quality of Meat, sacrifice making Shawls and
wool, Good Fur, Pattu
for meat, Manure
nutritious
milk

Mammals Mule Equus sp Local - Shed Y Y Used for NA - Local people

hybrid carrying goods

Mammals Horse Equus sp. Local - Shed Y Y Used for NA - Local people
carrying goods

Mammals Kutta Canis lupus Local Faithfull House Y Y Used for security NA - Local People
familiaris (Shikari for owner, purpose
kutta) Good for
the
hunting
and
protection
of Goats
and Sheep

Mammals Cat, Billi Felis catus Local Pet animal Cage Y Y Protect from NA - Local people
negative energy

140
Birds Murgi Gallus Local, Good for Shed Y Rare Meat Natural enemy Yes - Local People
gallusdomes meat and of insect pest of
ticus hybrid eggs crops; Used for
sacrifice

Bird Parrot, Psittacarah Local They are Cage Y Y - - NA - Local people

Tota olochlorus famous for
their
intelligence
and desire
to interact
with people

Bird Pigeon, Columba Local Pet Cage Y Y - Protect from NA - Local people
Kabutar sp. negative energy

141
 Bubalus bubalis
Bos taurus

Canis lupus familiaris Gallus gallusdomesticus

142
 Format 16: Culture Fisheries

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Local
Waterscape status Assoc Commercial Community
Fish Local Scientific iated Other
Variety Features (pond/bheri/t Past Pre Uses Knowledge
Type Name Name alao) TK Raring details
sen Holders
t

Bagridae Singhara Mystusseeng It is brownish in Freshwater Y Y Commercial use Local People

family hala colour along its Such As
back, silvery rivers, ponds
white on the side, etc.
its body is
elongated,
compressed,
naked (without
scales) covered
with bony plates.
Mouth is long and
their cleft in
narrow, having a
large pear shaped
air bladder and
upper jaw is
shorter than lower
jaw.

Cyprinid Bharrelli Barilliusbend Clear & complete Abounds in Y Y The fish is highly - Stock is greatly Local People
s elisis lateral line. Two well important in depleted in
Indian oxygenated, streams due to

143
 Trout pair of barbells low to high Áquarium trade’’ ecological
gradient degradation
2 black spots at moderate to
the base. In adults fast flowing
a blue black spot streams with
on each body bed of gravels,
scale. rocks, cobbles
& boulders.

Amblyci Cat fish Amblycepsma It has relatively It is found in Y Y Local People

pitidae ngois short body and a freshwater,
family caudal fin with and among
upper and lower rocks and
lobes of distinctly boulders on
different shapes  the bottom of
fast flowing
upland
streams. 

Cyprinid Barillusvagra Silvery fish with Common in s Y Y Being a low - Being a small Local People
s 13-18 bluish spots hill streams. value fish minnow fish, not
above the lateral consumed usuall of much interest to
line. by poors or as a fishers.
bait for angling,
Body cyliderical not of much
mouth moderate, interest.
jaws long, fins are
bright, pinkish or
yellow.

Cyprinid Rohu Labeorohita It is a large, It occurs in Y Y Commercial use Local People

ae family silver-colored fish rivers and he rohu is an
with a important aquacu

144
 conspicuously ltured freshwater
arched head. species.

Cyprinid Gold fish Carassius It varies greatly in It is a Y Y It is one of the Local People
ae family auratus size, body shape, freshwater fish most commonly
fin configuration kept aquarium
and coloration fish.
(various
combinations of
white, yellow,
orange, red,
brown, and black
are known).

 Cyprinid Carp Cyprinus sp.  Its body length is  It is a Y Y Commercial use Local People
ae family about four times widespread and usedas
body height, red freshwater fish  a food fish and
flesh, and a of eutrophic w have been widely
forward- aters, found in traded a
protruding mouth. lakes and large
rivers 

Cyprinid Patha Bariliusbaril Body is shallow, Y Y Commercial use Local People

ae family a rostral pair are
very short . Scales
are moderate

Cyprinid Mahseer Tor putitora Its caudal, pelvic, It is generally Y Y Commercial use Local People
ae family (Hamilton)  and anal fins found near the
show tint of surface in
reddish-golden water that
colour. While the ranges from
body above its 13 to 30 °C

145
 lateral line is (55–86 °F)
generally golden
in colour at
adulthood.

Salmonid Brown Salmon Brown Brownish Breeds and Y Y Commercial use - Local People
ae family truttofaria trout coloured skin grow in icy
trout covered with coldwater
ringed dark spots streams having
intermixed with temperature
ringed red spot. extremes range
Few orange spots of 0- 20 degree
with pale haloes C
on its sides.
An important
sport fish

146
 Format 17: Markets / Fairs for Domesticated Animals, Medicinal Plants and Other products

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Name of the Location Weekly / Day Month incase of Types of Number of animals Places from Places to where the

Weekly Fortnightly & held bi-annual or animal (average) where the animals are

Market / Fair Others annual market bought and transacted in a day animals are Transported

Bi-annual / fair sold arrived

Annual

147
 WILD BIODIVERSITY

Format 18: Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, Tubers, Grasses, Climbers etc.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Local status Communit
Commercial Part
Plant Local Scientific Habi Associated y
Habitat / Collecte
Type Name Name t TK Knowledge
Past Present own use d
Holder
A. Climbers

Climber Giloy Tinosporac Clim Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses Stem Decoction used orally in joint pains. Also
ardifolia ber Moist useful in diabetes.
Local
(Willd.)
People
Miers.

Climber Amarbel Cuscutarefl Clim Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses Whole Aqueous decoction for foot oedema. Local
exaRoxb. ber Moist Plant People
Climber Tardi Dioscoreab Clim Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses Rhizom Edible and nutritious
Local
elophylla ber Moist e
People
B. Grasses

Grass Bamboo/B Bambusa s Grass Shady Yes Yes Own use and Wood Used in chulhas for cooking purpose .Young Local
anj p. moist, commercial and twigs are used to make pickles and have People
dry Twigs ornamental value, paper is also made from its
C. Herbs

Shady, Yes Yes

Jungle Fragaria Local
Herb Herb open Own use Fruit Edible
strawberry nubicola People
thaches
Herb Haldi Curcuma Herb Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses Rhizom Boiled with mustard oil to cure wounds Local
longa Linn. Moist e People

148
 Viola Shady Yes Yes Leaf, Medicinal (Asthma, Bronchitis, Cold, Cough, Local
Herb Banaksha Herb Own use
canescens moist, flower Eye diseases) People
Yes Yes Own Uses Tuber
Patroda. Colocasia Dry and and Tuber and leaves are edibile. Stem are used Local
Herb Herb
Arbe sp. Moist leaves, to make chunks. People
stem
Ajuga Shady Yes Yes Whole Medicinal value ((Malarial fever, tonic, Local
Herb Neelkanthi Herb Own Uses
bracteosa moist plant astringent, febrifuge)) People
Yes Yes Medicinal (Antiseptic, bronchitis, colic,
Origanum Shady Local
Herb Ban tulsi Herb Own Uses Leaves diarrhea
vulgare moist People
Herb Kuware Aloe Herb Dry Yes Yes Own Uses Leaf Used to cure oral sores
Local
barbadensi pulp
People
sMill.
Herb Pipramint Mentha Herb Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses Fresh Decoction or juice used in diarrhea.
piperitaLin Moist Leaves Local
n. emend. People
Huds
Herb Pudina Mentha Herb Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses . Fresh Juice for diarrhea
sylvestris Moist Leaves Local
Linn. People

Herb Yes Yes Own Uses Ornamental purpose and religious purpose,
Surajmukh Helianthus Dry and Local
Herb and Flowers Seeds are used to make oil
i annuus Moist People
commercial
Yes Yes Own Uses Ornamental purpose, decoration in weddings,
Tagetes Dry and Local
Herb Gainda Herb and Flowers Used in prayers for God. Use to treat skin
minuta, Moist People
commercial problems
Herb Minkee Centellaasi Herb Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses Leaves Leaves are taken with sugar to enhance
Local
atica(Linn. Moist memory
People
)
Herb Drub Cynodonda Herb Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses Leaves 1-2 drop poured in each nostril during Local
ctylonPers. Moist epistaxis. People
D. Shrubs

149
Shrub Neela Ageratum Shru Moist Yes Yes Own Uses Fresh Leaves extract is applied on wounds to stop
Phulnu conyzoides b and Dry leaves the bleeding Local
Linn. People

Achyranthe Shru Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses Whole Local
Shrub Phutkanda Use in treatment of snake bite
s aspera b Moist plant People
Shrubs Tirmira Zanthoxylu Shru Dry, Yes Yes Stem, Medicinal (Cough, cholera, fever, eczema, Local
marmatum b Shady Leaves itching, piles, tonic, toothache); Edible; Fuel, People
Own use
moist useful in mouth ulcers and also used as
toothbrush
Shrub Bana Vitex Shru Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses Fresh Chewing provides relief in oral sores.
Local
negundo b Moist Leaves
People
Linn.
Dry, Yes Yes
Shady
Anchhe Shru Local
Shrub Rubussp. moist, Own use Fruit Edible
(Yellow) b People
Road
side
Shrub Basuti Shady Yes Yes Leaves It has a medicinal value
Adhaatoda Shru Local
moist, Own use
basicanees b People
Dry
Dry, Yes Yes
Shady
Jungli Rosa Shru Leaves, Local
Shrub moist, Own use Medicinal (Wounds, opthalmia, diarrhea)
gulab moschata b Flower People
Road
side
Shrub Gandala Murrayako Shru Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses Fresh Luke warm decoction is applied
Local
enigiiLinn. b Moist Leaves topically on swelling of foot and legs.
People
Spreng.
Lal Berberis Shru Dry and Yes Yes Root, Local
Shrub Own use Medicinal (Snake bite, boils, eye complaints)
kashambal aristata b Moist Fruit People
Shrub Bhabri Ocimun Shru Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses Leaves Leaf decoction for cough and cold, and
sanctum b Moist and juice for eye inflammation. Local
Linn. seeds People

Shrub Bhang Cannabis Shru Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses Whole Source of hemp fibre and also used as Local

150
 sativa b Moist plant narcotics, also used to worship lord shiva. People
E. Tree

Amb Mangiferai Yes Yes Eaten when Local

ndica ripened and People
used to
prepare Leaves
Leaves are used in religious purposes and
Tree Tree aampapad and
fruits are edible
and aam Fruits
juice.
Also used to
make pickle
Kinnu Citrus Dry, Yes Yes Fruits rich in antioxidants are eaten when Local
Tree reticulata Tree Shady Own use Fruits ripened. People
moist
Aamruud Psidium Yes Yes Eaten when Local
Dry, Leaves
guajava ripened. Leaves are useful in diabetes, used to treat People
Tree Tree Shady and
Used in fruit mouth ulcers and fruits are edible.
moist Fruits
chat
Yes Yes Leaves Fodder; Medicinal (Digestive disorder), Local
Ficus Dry,
Tree Dhudu Tree Own use and leaves are used to make chutneys, stem latex People
carica open
Fruits is used as an antiseptic.
Tree Dadu Punicagra Tree Dry and Yes Yes Local
Roasted dried rind mixed with honey
natumLinn. Moist Own use Fruits People
for dry cough.
Tree Harad Terminalia Dry Yes Yes Own Uses Fruit Rubbed with mother’s milk & licked to Local
chebulaRet infant as a laxative People
z.

Aadu Prunus Yes Yes Fruits As an excellent source of the Local

persica strong antioxidant vitamin C, peaches can People
Dry, also help combat the formation of free
Tree Tree Shady Own use radicals known to cause cancer, skin,
moist diabetes, heart health, eye health

Tree Kela Musa sp. Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses Fruit, Fruits are edible, leaves are of religious Local

151
 Moist Leaves importance People
Tree Charmara Artemisia Dry and Yes Yes Fresh Relief for fever.
Local
vulgaris Moist Own Uses leaf
People
Linn.
Tree Drek Melia Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses Leaves Decoction used in bathing for itching Local
azedarach Moist in groins region. People
Linn.
Tree Karal Bauhinia Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses Buds Used orally for constipation
Local
variegataLi moist and
People
nn. Flowers
Tree Tejpatta Cinnamom Dry and Yes Yes Own Uses Fresh Used to treat Pyorrhea
umtamalaN Moist Leaves Local
ees& People
Eberm.
Yes Yes Leaves Local
Kashmeha Salix Shady Fodder; Fuel
Tree Tree Own use and People
l acutifolia moist,
wood
Neembu Citrus Yes Yes Fruits Lemon is used to treat scurvy, a condition Local
limon caused by not having enough vitamin People
Dry,
C. Lemon is also used for the common cold
Tree Tree Shady Own use
and flu, H1N1 (swine) flu, ringing in the ears
moist
(tinnitus), Meniere's disease, and kidney
stones
Yes Yes Medicinal (Fruit are used in gastrointestinal,
Shegar, Pyrus Shady, Local
Tree Tree Own use Fruits respiratory and cardiovascular ailments Fuel
kainth pashia Dry People
and Fodder)
Galgal Citrus Yes Yes Fruits Lemon is used to treat scurvy, a condition Local
pseudolimo caused by not having enough vitamin People
Dry,
n C. Lemon is also used for the common cold
Tree Tree Shady Own use
and flu, H1N1 (swine) flu, ringing in the ears
moist
(tinnitus), Meniere's disease, and kidney
stones
Behda Terminalia Dry, Yes Yes Fruits Fruits are used in Trifla preparation Local
Tree bellirica Tree Shady Own use People
moist
Tree Jamnu Syzygiumc Dry Yes Yes Own Uses Seeds,F Powder used orally for diabetes. Local

152
 umini(Linn. People
ruits
) Skeels
Tree Toot Morus alba Dry and Yes Yes Local
Own Uses Fruits Used to cure sore throats and headache
Moist People
Tress Arand Ricinus Dry and Yes Yes Seedsan Leaves are coated with luke warm oil Local
communis Moist Own Uses d and applied topically for joint pains. People
Leaves
Tree Safeeda Eucalyptus  Shady Yes Yes Own use Wood Leaves are used in treatment of cold. Leaves Local
Tree moist, and are kept in harvested grains to protect them People
dry Leaves from pest.
Yes Yes Bark, Local
Medicinal (Frost bite, rheumatism, sores of
Juglans Shady, Leaves People
Tree Akhrot Tree Own uses toes, toothache, fuel, fodder tool making,
regia Dry and
dye)
Fruits
Tree Ohi, Albizialebb Tree Shady Yes Yes Own use Wood Used in chulhas for cooking purpose Local
lebbek eck moist, People
tree, dry
Tree Toona/Ce Toona Tree Shady Yes Yes Own use Wood Leaves are used to heal wounds and also as Local
drellatoon ciliata  moist, fodder Its wood is used as a fuelwood People
a dry
Tree Khair Acacia Tree Shady Yes Yes Own use Wood Used to cure skin diseases Local
catechu moist, People
dry
Tree Poplar Popular Tree Shady Yes Yes Own use Wood Bark is of medicinal value and paper is also Local
ciliata moist, made from its wood Used in chulhas for People
dry cooking purpose
Tree Kaniar Cassia Tree Shady Yes Yes Own use Wood Leaves are used as a fodder Seeds are used in Local
fistula moist, making chutneys People
dry
Tree Bad Ficus Tree Shady Yes Yes Own use Wood People worship it during festivals Local
religiosa moist, People
dry
Tree Barh Ficus Tree Shady Yes Yes Own use Wood Religious importance Local
bengelensis moist, People
dry
Tree Beul Grewiaopp Tree Shady Yes Yes Own use Wood Leaves are used as fodder Used in chulhas Local

153
 ositifolia moist, for cooking purpose People
dry
Tree Simbal Bombax Tree Shady Yes Yes Own use Wood Ornamental value Local
ceiba moist, People
dry
Tree Trembla Ficus Tree Shady Yes Yes Own use Wood Leaves are used as fodder Its fruits are edible Local
roxburghii moist, People
dry
Tree Lasuda Cordia Tree Shady Yes Yes own use Fruit Edible and medicinal value. Local
dichotoma moist, People
dry

154
 Ficus religiosa Ficus
carica

Pyrus pashia
Terminalia bellirica

155
 Format 19: Wild Plant Species of Importance

1. 2. 3. 4 5. 6.
Importance
Sl. No. Local Name Scientific Name Variety Status
(As economic, social, cultural etc.)

1. Ban tulsi Origanum vulgare Wild Medicinal (Bronchitis, colic, diarrhoea, fever, hysteria, tonic) Abundant

2. Neel kanthi Ajuga bracteosa Wild Medicinal (Blood purification, burns, boils, cold fever, malaria) Abundant

3. Safeda Eucalyptus sp. Wild Medicinal (Bone fracture, tonic, stimulant, blood purifier) Abundant

4. Bankakari Podophyllum Wild Medicinal (Cancer, cough, cuts, wounds, diarrhoea, fever, gastric ulcers, hepatic Abundant
hexandrum disease, purgative, skin disease, tumor); Edible

5. Banaksha Viola canescens Wild Medicinal (Asthma, bronchitis, cold, cough, eye disease, malaria) Abundant

6. Kuja/jungle Rosa moschata Wild Medicinal (Wounds, opthalmia, diarrhea) Abundant

gulab

7. Anchhe Rubus ellipticus Wild Medicinal (Dysentery, malaria, stomachache, worms); Edible Abundant
(Yellow)

8. Kainth Pyrus pashia Wild Edible; Fodder; Fuel Abundant

9. Kashambal Berberis aristata Wild Medicinal (Jaundice, eye disease); Edible; Fuel Abundant

10. Fagra/Dhudu Ficus palmate Wild Medicinal (Dysentery, indigestion, laxative); Edible; Fodder; Fuel Abundant

11. Malori Oxalis acetosella Wild Medicinal (Appetite, cooling, cough, cuts, diarrhoea, digestive, dysentery, fever, Abundant
insect bite, scurvy, skin disease, stomachache, swelling, wart); Edible

156
 Oxalis acetosella
Viola canescens

Pyrus pashia Rosa moschata

Format 20: Aquatic Biodiversity

157
 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Local
Status
Associat Community/
Local Scientific Other
ed Knowledge
Variety Features Habitat Uses
Name Name details
TK Holder
Prese
Past nt

Snail Cornu aspersum Wild Body of snail is Shady Yes Yes NA NA Body of snail is encapsulated Local People
encapsulated in the brown moist in the brown circular shell
circular shell

Mendhak Nanorana minica Wild It is a fairly common Subtropica Yes Yes NA NA Small in size and brown Local People
species found in l mountain black spotted skin color
subtropical mountain forests and
forests and streams streams

Earthworm Lumbricus Wild Reddish in colour, rings Shady Yes Yes NA NA Small in size and reddish Local People
terrestris like patches on body, moist spotted skin color
mostly found in moist
place

Leech Hirudo Wild It is small slug-like Shady Yes Yes NA Its spit contains an Local People
medicinalis creature, who feed on anticoagulant (a substance

158
human blood and other places that prevents blood clotting),
small invertebrates allowing them to feed for
longer than blood would
normally flow

159
Cornu aspersum

160
 Format 21: Wild Aquatic Plant Species of Importance (NA)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Sl. No. Local Name Scientific Name Variety Importance Trends

161
 Format 22: Wild Plants of Medicinal Importance

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Plant Local Status Community/

(Herb, Local Scientific Landscape / Associated Uses Part
Variety Knowledge
Shrub, Name Name Habitat Past Presen TK used
Tree) t Holder

Shrubs Akhe Rubus Wild Dry, Shady Yes Yes Medici Fruit Local People
ellipticus moist nal
(Dyse
ntery,
malari
a,
stomac
hache,
worms
)

Shrubs Tirmira Zanthoxylum Wild Dry, Shady Yes Yes Medici Leaves Local People
armatum moist nal and
(Coug stem
h,
choler
a,
fever,
eczem
a,
itching
, piles,
tonic,
tootha
che);

162
 Edible
; Fuel

Herb Ban Origanum Wild Shady moist Yes Yes Medici Leaves Local People
tulsi vulgare nal
(Antis
eptic,
bronch
itis,
colic,
diarrhe
a)

Herb Neel Ajuga Wild Shady moist Yes Yes Medici Leaves Local People
kanthi bracteosa nal
(Malar
ial
fever,
tonic,
astring
ent,
febrifu
ge)

Herb Banaks Viola Wild Shady moist, Yes Yes Medici Leaves Local People
ha canescens nal and
(Asth Flower
ma, s
Bronc
hitis,
Cold,
Cough
, Eye
diseas
es)

163
Shrub Kuja/Ju Rosa moschata Wild Shady, Dry Yes Yes Medici Leaves Local People
ngligula and Moist nal and
b (Woun Flower
ds, s
opthal
mia,
diarrhe
a)

Herb Malori Oxalis Wild Shady moist, Yes Yes Medici Apical Local People
acetosella and Dry nal part
(Fresh
or
dried
leaves
are
anody
ne,
antisco
rbutic,
astring
ent,
diureti
c,
emme
nagog
ue,
expect
orant,
febrifu
ge,
irritant
,
stomac
hic,

164
 decoct
ion is
used in
the
treatm
ent

Tree Fagra,D Ficus palmata Wild Dry, Shady Yes Yes Fodder Leaves Local People
hudu and Moist ; and
Medici Fruit.
nal
(Diges
tive
disord
er)

Tree Kainth Pyrus pashia Wild Shady, Dry Yes Yes Medici Fruit Local People
nal
(Fruit
are
used in
gastroi
ntestin
al,
respira
tory
and
cardio
vascul
ar
ailmen
ts Fuel
and
Fodder
)

165
Shrub Kasham Berberis Wild Dry, Shady Yes Yes Medici Root, Local People
bal aristata and Moist nal Fruit
(Snake and
bite, Wood
boils,
eye
compl
aints)

166
 Format 23: Wild relatives of Crops

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Local Scientific Associated Landscape / Local Status Uses Part Associated Other Community / Know

Name Name crop Habitat Past Present (usage) Used TK details Holder

Note: Other details may include ‘function as a substitute plant’ in the absence of a particular plant

167
Format 24 : Ornamental Plants

168
 1
8 9 0
1. 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. . . .
Pla Local Scientific Variety Source of Commercial/ Uses Associat Ot Comm
nt Name Name plant/seeds non- ed her unity/
Ty commercial TK det Know.
pe ails Holder
A. Climbers

Vine Railway Wild Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local

creeper Ipomoea commercial purpose People
pulchella

Vine trumpet Wild/cultivat Market, Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local

vine Campsis ed commercial purpose People
grandiflora
B. Herbs
Herb Sweet Dianthus Wild Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local
William  barbatus commercial purpose People

Herb Gulab Rosa Wild/Cultiva Local Ornamental Used in NA Local

chinensis ted Non- commercial and religious making People
purpose gulab jal
Herb Pot  Calendula Wild/Cultiva Local Non- commercial Ornamental - NA Local
marigold officinalis ted purpose People
Herb Gainda Tagetes Wild/ Market, Local Non- Ornamental Use to NA Local
minuta, Cultivated commercial purpose, treat skin People
Tagetes decoration in problems
erecta weddings,
Used in
prayers for
God
Herb Surajmukhi Helianthus Wild/cultivat Local Non- Ornamental Seeds are NA Local
annuus ed Commercial purpose and used to People
169 religious make oil
purpose
Herb  Sun rose Portulaca Wild Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local
grandiflora commercial purpose People
Herb Dog flower Antirrhinum Wild/ Market, Local Non- Ornamental - NA Local
Tagetes erecta Catharanthus roseus

170
Dianthus barbatus Lagerstroemia indica

171
 Format 25: Fumigate / Chewing Plants

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Local Status Communit

Other y
Uses Part Associated
Plant (Herb, Local Scientific details
Variety Habitat
Shrub, Tree) Name Name knowledge
(usage) used TK
Past Present holder

Herb Banaksha Viola serpens Moist Yes Yes Use in Flower and Use in making kada Local
making Leaves - People
kada

Herb Ban tulshi Origanum Dry Plenty Plenty Medicinal Leaf Antiseptic, bronchitis, colic, Local
vulgare purposes diarrhea - People

Herb Pudina Mentha Moist Yes Yes Medicinal Leaves Mint is thought to increase bile Local
piperita purposes secretion and encourage bile flow, People
-
which helps to speed and ease
digestion

Herb Peppermin Mentha sp. Moist Yes Yes Medicinal Leaves Use as a mouth freshner, in Local
t purposes making lemonades. - People

Herb Bhabri Ocimun sp. Moist Yes Yes Medicinal Leaves Use in making chutneys Local
purposes - People

172
 Origanum vulgare
Mentha piperita

173
 Format 26: Timber Plants
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Local status Other

Wild/ Community/
Plant Local Scientific Associated Other
Past Present home- Know.
Habitat uses
Type Name Name TK details
Garden Holder
(multi)

Tree Chir pine Pinus Shady moist, Yes Yes Wild Cone seeds are edible and Used in chulhas for cooking Local People
roxburghii dry stem latex is of medicinal purpose, leaves are used to
value and also used as a make broom sticks
fuel

Tree Kher Senegalia Moist, Dry Yes Yes Wild Used in chulhas for cooking Local People
catechu and Shady purpose

Tree Bamboo/B Bambusa sp. Moist, Dry Yes Yes Wild Young twigs are used to Used in chulhas for cooking Local People
anj and Shady make pickles and have purpose
ornamental value, paper is
also made from its wood

Tree Ohi, Albizia Moist, Dry Yes Yes Wild Used in chulhas for cooking Local People
lebbek chinensis and Shady purpose
tree,

Tree Safeeda Eucalyptus sp. Moist, Dry Yes Yes Wild Leaves are used in Leaves are kept in harvested Local People
and Shady treatment of cold grains to protect them from

174
 pest.

Tree Toona/Ce Toona ciliata  Moist, Dry Yes Yes Wild Leaves are used to heal Its wood is used as a Local People
drellatoon and Shady wounds and also as fodder fuelwood
a

Tree Toon Tectona grandis Moist, Dry Yes Yes Wild Local People
and Shady

Tree Poplar Popular ciliata Moist, Dry Yes Yes Wild Bark is of medicinal value Used in chulhas for cooking Local People
and Shady and paper is also made purpose
from its wood

Tree Bad Ficus religiosa Moist, Dry Yes Yes Wild People worship it during Local People
and Shady festivals

Tree Simbal Bombax ceiba Moist, Dry Yes Yes Wild Ornamental value Local People
and Shady

Tree Barh Ficus Moist, Dry Yes Yes Wild Local People
bengelensis and Shady

Tree Beul Grewia Moist, Dry Yes Yes Wild Leaves are used as fodder Used in chulhas for cooking Local People
oppositifolia and Shady purpose

Tree Trembla Ficus Moist, Dry Yes Yes Wild Leaves are used as fodder Its fruits are edible Local People
roxburghii and Shady

Tree Khirk Celtis australis Moist, Dry Yes Yes Wild Fruits are edible. It is often Local People
and Shady planted as an ornamental
as it is long-living and

175
 resistant to air pollution. 
Tree Srin Albizia lebbeck Moist, Dry Yes Yes Wild It is used to produce timber It is used as a forage, Local People
and Shady medicine and wood.

176
Bambusa sp. Albizia lebbeck

177
Ficus religiosa
Ficus roxburghii

178
 Format 27 A: Coastal and Marine Flora (NA)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Plant Local Scientific Habitat Local Status Parts Commercial Other Associated Community/

Type Name Name Past Present Collected Uses Uses TK Knowledge Holder

(if any) (if any)

Format 27 B: Coastal and Marine Fauna (NA)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Animal Local Scientific Habitat Local Status Parts Commercial Other Associated Community/

Type Name Name Past Present Collected Uses Uses TK Knowledge Holder

(if any) (if any)

179
 Format 28: Wild Animals (Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibia, Insects, others)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Local Mode of
Status
Season Uses Community/
Associat Hunting,
Scientific Other
ed
Animal Local Habitat Description when Past Prese (if collectin Knowledge
Name nt details
TK g (if
seen any) Holder
any)

A. Mammals

Monkey Bander Rhesus Mountain Medium body size, Brown in colour Summe Plenty Plenty No Local People
macaque Caves, r/Winte
Dense r
Forest

Leopard cat Mirgh Felis Mountain It is about the size of adomestic cat, Summe Plenty Rare No Local People
bengalensis Caves, but more slender with longer legs and r/Winte
Dense well definedwebsbetween its toes. r
Forest There are two dark stripes running
from the eyes to the ears and smaller
white streaks running from the eyes to
the nose.

Wild cat Jangalibilli Felis chaus Mountain The jungle cat is a medium-sized, Summe Plenty Plenty No Local People
Caves, long-legged cat. r/Winte
Dense r
Forest

Common Bagh Panthera Mountain It has relatively short legs and a long Summe Plenty Rare No Local People
Leopard pardus Caves, body with a large skull and spotted r

180
 Dense body
Forest

The Indian Lomdi, Vulves Mountain It is a relatively small fox with an Summe Plenty Plenty No Local People
fox giddad bengalensis Caves, elongated muzzle, long, pointed ears, r/Winte
Dense and a bushy tail about 50 to 60% of r
the length of the head and body.

Bhediay Canis aureus Mountain It is s smaller and possesses shorter Summe Plenty Plenty No Local People
Caves, legs, a shorter tail, a more elongated r/Winte
Jackal Dense torso, a less-prominent forehead, and a r
narrower and more pointed muzzle

Gilheri Petaurista Forest Large species with head and body All Plenty Plenty No Local People
Petaurista length about 43 cm and a tail of 50-52 Season
cm. it has black to grey brown fur, s
Common long and soft on the upper part and
gaint flying somewhat shorter underneath the
squirrel body.

Himalayan Chuha Apodemus Small cavesYellow necked having pointed snout All Plenty Plenty No Local People
Field pallipes Season
Mouse s

Naudu Herpestes Small cavesBody Brown in colour having pointed All Plenty Plenty No Local People
edwardsii snout Season
Nevla s

Prcupine Shail Erethizon Forest It has hairless soles on its feet that All Plenty Plenty No Local People
dorsatum help it climb trees. It has a Season
round body, small ears and a small s
head. The most recognizable feature of
the porcupine is its quills.
A porcupine may have as many as
30,000 quills

181
 Chuha Mus musculus House Having a pointed snout, small rounded All Plenty Plenty No Local People
House ears, a body-length scaly tail and a Season
Mouse high breeding rate s

Canis auerus Forest The Black-backed jackel has black All Plenty Plenty No Local People
hair running from the back of the neck Season
to the tail. The rest body is reddish s
brown or ginger abd chest is white.
Jackal
Local People

B. Birds/Aves

Janglimurga Galloperdixspa Upper body is darker in color with Summe Plenty Rare No Local People
dicea dark barring r

Hawk Baaz Buteo Nest, ForestImmatures have yellowish-gray eyes Summe Plenty Rare No Local People
jamaicensis that become dark brown as adults r

Himalayan Gidd Gyps Nest, Forest Vultures are medium- to large-sized All Plenty Rare No - Local People
Griffon himalayensis birds of prey, which are known as
Vultures scavengers

Golden Chil Aquila Nest, ForestBrownish gray, while the Summe Plenty Rare No Local People
Eagle Villagers chrysaetos head, body and smaller feathers on the r
forepart of the open wings are blackish

Himalayan Monal Lophophorus Nest, ForestThe male birds are adorned splendidly Summe Plenty Rare No - Local People
Monal impejanus with iridescent colored plumage with r
metallic blue, green, purple and red
colors, head crest of the male is long,
wiry and is colored with metallic
green

Crow kaua Corvus sp Nest, ForestCommon bird with forehead, crown, Summe Plenty Plenty No Crow
throat and upper breast are black and

182
 neck and breast are lighter grey brown r
in colour.

Himalayan Kathfoda Dendrocopos Nest, ForestMale has pale buff-white forehead, Summe Plenty Plenty No Local People
Woodpecke himalayensis crimson-red crown to upper nape r
r usually with some black or grey
feather bases

Short Eared Ullu Asio flammeus Nest Cream/white in colour Summe Plenty Rare No - Local People
Owl r

Peacock Mor Pavo cristatus Forest Male and female peacocks alike have Summe Plenty Rare No Local People
a blue crest on top of their head, r
though it is not known to serve a
purpose. The bird, which has an exotic
blue body to go along with its distinct
tail feathers, can reach 5 feet in height
and more than 4 feet in width, while
reaching a maximum weight of 13
pounds

Black Bulbul Hypsipetes Nest, ForestThe beak, legs, and feet are all orange Summe Plenty Plenty No Local People
bulbul leucocephalus and the head has a black fluffy crest. r
Sexes are similar in plumage, but
young birds lack the crest, have
whitish underparts with a grey breast
band, and have a brown tint to the
upperparts. They have a black streak
behind the eye and on the ear coverts.

Himalayan Bulbul Pycnonotubs Nest, ForestThe Himalayan bulbul is about 18 cm Summe Plenty Plenty No Local People
bulbul leucogenys in length, with a wingspan of 25.5–28 r
cm and an average weight of 30 g. Its
head, throat and crest are black and
white. The back, side, and lengthy tail
are brown, the underside is pale

183
 yellow.

Sparrow GharChidu Black throated Nest, ForestMale House Sparrows are brightly Summe Plenty Plenty No Local People
accentor colored birds with gray heads, white r
cheeks, a black bib, and rufous neck.
Females are a plain buffy-brown
overall with dingy gray-brown
underparts. Their backs are noticeably
striped with buff, black, and brown.

Parrot Tota Psittaciformes Nest, ForestA strong, curved bill, an upright Summe Plenty Plenty No Local People
stance, strong legs, and clawed r
zygodactyl feet

Spotted Ghughi Spilopelia Nest, ForestSmall and somewhat long-tailed Summe Plenty Plenty No Local People
Dove chinensis pigeon r

Myna Ghattari Acridotheres Nest, ForestMedium sized bird and their flight is All Plenty Plenty No Local People
tristis strong , direct and gregarious , eat seasons
insects and fruits

C. Amphibians

Himalayan Mendak Bufo Water, Elongated body, a long tail, and short, Summe Plenty Plenty No - Local People
Toad himalayanus Terrestrial usually weak legs r
burrows

D. Reptiles

Sotad snake- - Forest and - Comm Plenty Plenty No - Local People

fields on

184
Himalayan Gloydius Water - Summe Plenty Plenty No Local People
pit viper himalayanus burrows r

E. Insects

Wasp Ringad Vespa auraria Natural This species has a dark brown to black Summe Plenty PlentyNA Most No - Local People
house, velvety body, with each segment of r importan
hornet the body being edged with a thin band t pollinat
habitat of yellow, except for the fourth
or of
food
crops

Bees Bombus Bee hives, Body stout, thorax and abdomen All Plenty PlentyHoney Most No - Local People
haemorhoidalis Natural shining black of bees importan
house used as t pollinat
antibiot or of
ic on
wounds food
and crops
acne,
sore
throats,
colds,
honey
and
natural
sugar

Honey bee MadhumakhiApis cerana Bee hives, Branched hairs on their bodies to All Plenty PlentyHoney Most No - Local People
Natural assist in pollen collection, legs of bees importan
houses, transport pollen used as t pollinat
Caves, antibiot
or of
Hollow ic on
plant Caves wounds food
and

185
 acne, crops
sore
throats,
colds,
honey
and
natural
sugar

Honey bee MadhumakhiB. tunicatus Bee hives,  Elongate body with vertical yellow- All Plenty PlentyHoney Most No - Local People
Natural and-black, Juveniles are brightly of bees importan
house colored but become darker when used as t pollinat
mature, especially for males antibiot
or of
ic on
wounds food
and crops
acne,
sore
throats,
colds,
honey
and
natural
sugar

Honey bee MadhumakhiApis mellifera Bee hives, Hair on thorax and less hair on All Plenty PlentyHoney Most No - Local People
Natural abdomen, pollen basket on their hind of bees importan
houses, legs, legs are mostly dark brown/black used as t pollinat
Caves, antibiot or of
Hollow ic on
plant Caves wounds food
and crops
acne,
sore
throats,

186
 colds,
honey
and
natural
sugar

Common Chhti Lasius niger Natural Workers of this species measure about Comm Plenty PlentyNA NA No - Local People
Black house, one-eighth of an inch in lengh. on
garden ant hornet Little black ants are usually seen
habitat around homes following well-defined
trails between the nest and food and
water sources.

Dragon fly Helicopter Sympetrum Natural A Dragonfly has two large compound Comm Plenty PlentyNA NA No - Local People
flaveolum house, eyes which take up most of its on
hornet head. Dragonflies have long, delicate,
habitat membranous wings which are
transparent and some have light
yellow colouring near the tips. Their
bodies are long and slender and they
have a short antennae.

Praying Tida Mantis Natural The praying mantis is named for its Comm Plenty PlentyNA NA No - Local People
mantis religiosa house, prominent front legs, which are bent on
hornet and held together at an angle that
habitat suggests the position of prayer. By any
name, these fascinating insects are
formidable predators. They have
triangular heads poised on a long
"neck," or elongated thorax.

Butterfly Titali Athyma Natural - Comm Plenty PlentyNA NA No - Local People

opalina house, on
hornet

187
 habitat

Fruit fly Bactrocera spp. Natural Small flies with black and grey Comm Plenty PlentyNA NA No Local People
house, underbelly and red eyes. on
hornet
habitat

Mosquito Culex spp. Natural Thin long body and tree pairs of Comm Plenty PlentyNA NA No - Local People
house, extreamly long legs. They have scales on
hornet along the veins of their wings and long
habitat beak like sharp sucking mouth parts
called proboscis.

Cricket Gryllus spp. Natural Have long powerful hind lengs that Comm Plenty PlentyNA NA No - Local People
house, help them to jump on
hornet
habitat

House fly Musa domestica Natural Mediun size insect from light to dark Comm Plenty PlentyNA NA No - Local People
house, grey in colour. Head bear a pair of on
hornet compound eyes, apair of antenna and a
habitat retractile proboscis.

Grasshoppe Grasshopper Caeliferasp Natural These are medium to large insects. Comm Plenty PlentyNA NA No - Local People
r house, Adult length is 1 to 7 centimetres, on
hornet depending on the species. Like their
habitat relatives the 'katydids' and 'crickets',
they have chewing mouthparts, two
pairs of wings, one narrow and tough,
the other wide and flexible, and long
hind legs for jumping.

188
Spider Makdi Araneae sp Natural Body divided into two tagmata Comm Plenty PlentyNA NA No Spider Local People
house, (sections or segments), eight jointed on
hornet legs, no wings or antennae, the
habitat presence of chelicerae and pedipalps,
simple eyes, and an exoskeleton,
which is periodically shed.

Bumble beeBumble bee Bombus sp Natural - Comm Plenty PlentyNA NA No - Local People
house, on
hornet
habitat

Scorpion Bichu Chaerilus Natural They have eight legs, two pedipalps, Comm Plenty PlentyNA NA No - Local People
truncates house, and a tail with a venom-injecting on
hornet barb. Scorpions have two venom
habitat glands that produce venom used in
hunting and self defense. Scorpions do
not have bones instead they have an
exoskeleton made of chitin, which is
similar to the shell of a shrimp.

Cockroch Cockroch Periplaneta Natural They have a relatively small head and Comm Plenty PlentyNA NA No - Local People
americana house, a broad, flattened body, and most on
hornet species are reddish-brown to dark
habitat brown. They have large compound
eyes, two ocelli, and long, flexible
antennae.

F. Beetles

Beetles - Coccinella Burrows, Seven black spotted Lady beetle on Summe Plenty PlentyNA Most No - Local People
septempunctata Hollow body r importan
plant Caves t pollinat
or of

189
 food
crops

G. Butterflies and Moths

Dark Colias fieldii Terrestrial Yellow in colour Summe Plenty PlentyNA Most No - Local People
Clouded r importan
Yellow t pollinat
Butterfly or of
food
crops

190
 Araneae sp
Periplaneta americana

Vespa auraria Sympetrum flaveolum

191
 URBAN BIODIVERSITY

Format 29: Flora (NA)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Sr. No. Local Name Scientific Name Type of Plants Habitat Flowering Season Remarks (Rare / Common etc.)

Note: Separate format should be used for road side plantation / Parks and Gardens / Housing estate / Commercial buildings/ other institutional areas,
Private club premises and also for Aquatic (water) habitat and Terrestrial (land) habitat

Format 30: Fauna (NA)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Sr. No. Local Name Scientific Name Type of Animals (Mammals / Birds / Fish / Insect etc.) Habitat Remarks (Rare / Common etc.)

Note: Separate format should be used for road side plantation - habitat / Parks and Gardens / Housing estate / Commercial buildings/ other
institutional areas, Private club premises and also for Aquatic (water) habitat and Terrestrial (land) habitat

Format 31: Any other information of local importance(NA)

1. 2. 3.

Sr. No. Information of local importance Remarks

192
193