SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

General Physics1
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Kinematics: Motion Along a
Straight Line
Science – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Motion Along a Straight Line
First Edition, 2020

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 12

General Physics1
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Motion Along a Straight Line
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Physics 1 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Kinematics: Motion Along a Straight Line

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
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learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

2
For the learner:

Welcome to the General Physics 1 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Kinematics: Motion Along a Straight Line!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
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This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to

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 process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

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module.

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developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
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included in the module.
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4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
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6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

4
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Uniformly Accelerated Motion. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module has one lesson with subtopic, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Uniformly Accelerated Motion
 Free-fall problems

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the given and unknown quantities of the given problem;
2. derive the equation to be used to solve the given free-fall problems;
3. use the fact that the magnitude of acceleration due to gravity on the Earth’s
surface is nearly constant and approximately 9.8 m/s 2 in free- fall problems;
and
4. derive the equation to be used to solve the given 1D uniform Acceleration
problems.

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. When we say that light objects and heavy objects fall at the same rate,
what assumption(s) are we making?
a. They have the same shape.
b. They have the same size.
c. They have surfaces with similar air resistances.
d. They are falling in a vacuum.

2. When an object was thrown upwards reaches its highest point, which
is TRUE?
a. The acceleration switches from positive to negative.
b. The acceleration is zero.
c. The total displacement is zero.
d. The velocity is zero.

3. An object is allowed to fall freely near the surface of a planet. The

object falls 54 meters in the first 3 seconds after it is released. The
acceleration due to gravity of that planet is______.
a. 6 m/s2 c. 27 m/s2
b. 12 m/s2 d. 108 m/s2

4. Pedro was angry and wishes to drop an egg onto the head of Juan. He
stations himself in a building window 19.6 m above the level of Juan’s
head. Determine how many seconds before Juan is directly beneath
him that he will have to drop the egg in order to get the desired plat?
a. 1.5 seconds c. 2.5 seconds
b. 2.0 seconds d. 3.0 seconds
For numbers 5-7

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 5. A stone is thrown from the top of the building with an initial velocity
of 20.0 m/s straight upward. The building is 50.0 m high, and the
stone just misses the edge of the roof on its way down. Determine the
time at which the stone reaches its maximum height.
a. 2.0 s c. 4.0 s
b. 3.0 s d. 5.0 s

6. Determine the maximum height of the stone above the rooftop.

a. 1.6 m c. 15.9m
b. 10.6 m d. 20.4 m

7. Determine the time at which the stone returns to the level of the
thrower.
a. 4.0 s c. 8.0 s
b. 6.0 s d. 10.0 s

8. A ball is in free fall. Its acceleration is:

a. downward during both ascent and descent
b. downward during ascent and upward during descent
c. upward during ascent and downward during descent
d. upward during both ascent and descent

9. A ball is in free fall. Upward is taken to be in positive direction. The

displacement of the ball during a short time interval is:
a. positive during ascent and negative during descent.
b. positive during both ascent and descent
c. negative during ascent and positive during descent
d. negative during both ascent and descent.

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10. A freely falling body has a constant acceleration of 9.8 m/s 2. This
means that;
a. the acceleration of the body increases by 9.8 m/s 2 during each
second
b. the body falls 9.8 m during each second
c. the body falls 9.8 during the first second only
d. the speed of the body increases by 9.8 m/s during each second

11. If the contraction of the left ventricle lasts 250 m/s and the speed of
blood flow in the aorta (the large artery leaving the heart) is 0.80 m/s at
the end of the contraction, what is the average acceleration of a red blood
cell as it leaves the heart?

a. 0.32 m/s2 b. 3.2 m/s2 c. 31 m/s2 d. 310 m/s2

12. If the aorta (diameter da) branches into to equal-sized arteries with a
combined area equal to that of the aorta, what is the diameter of one of
the branches?
a. 1da b. da /12 c. 2da d da/2

13. Rocket-powered sleds are used to test the human response to

acceleration. If a rocket-powered sled is accelerated to a speed of 444
m/s in 1.83 s, what is the acceleration and what is the distance that the
sled travels?

a. a = 200 m/s2, d = 400 m

b. a = 243 m/s2, d = 406 m
c. a = 250 m/s2, d = 410 m
d. a = 260 m/s2, d = 420 m

8
 14. A feather, initially at rest, is released in a vacuum 12 m above the
surface of the earth. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. The acceleration of the feather decreases until terminal velocity

is reached.
b. The acceleration of the feather remains constant during the fall
c. The acceleration of the feather increases during the fall.
d. The maximum velocity of the feather is 9.8 m/s 2.

15. A lunar lander is descending toward the moon’s surface. Until the
lander reaches the surface, its height above the surface of the moon is
given by y1t2 = b - ct + dt2, where b = 800 m is the initial height of the
lander above the surface, c = 60.0 m/s, and d = 1.05 m/s 2. What is the
initial velocity of the lander, at t = 0?

a. 0 m/s b. 50 m/s c. 60 m/s d. 100 m/s

9
 Lesson

1 Uniformly Accelerated Motion

Want to see an object accelerate?

 Pick something up with your hand and drop it. When you release it from
your hand, its speed is zero. On the way down its speed increases. The longer it
falls the faster it travels. Sounds like acceleration to me.
 But acceleration is more than just increasing speed. Pick up this same
object and toss it vertically into the air. On the way up its speed will decrease
until it stops and reverses direction. Decreasing speed is also considered
acceleration.
 But acceleration is more than just changing speed. Pick up your battered
object and launch it one last time. This time throw it horizontally and notice
how its horizontal velocity gradually becomes more and more vertical. Since
acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time and velocity is a vector
quantity, this change in direction is also considered acceleration.

In each of these examples the acceleration was the result of gravity. Your object
was accelerating because gravity was pulling it down. Even the object tossed
straight up is falling — and it begins falling the minute it leaves your hand. If it
wasn't, it would have continued moving away from you in a straight line. This is
the acceleration due to gravity.

What’s In

Cite the kinematics equations of uniformly accelerated motion.

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 Notes to the Teacher
It is significant that learners had background on how to used and
derived mathematical equations.

What’s New

Free Fall

The motion of falling objects is the simplest and most common example of motion
with changing velocity. If a coin and a piece of paper are simultaneously dropped
side by side, the paper takes much longer to hit the ground. However, if you
crumple the paper into a compact ball and drop the items again, it will look like
both the coin and the paper hit the floor simultaneously. This is because the
amount of force acting on an object is a function of not only its mass, but also area.
Free fall is the motion of a body where its weight is the only force acting on an
object.

Galileo also observed this phenomenon and realized that it disagreed with the
Aristotle principle that heavier items fall more quickly. Galileo then hypothesized
that there is an upward force exerted by air in addition to the downward force of
gravity. If air resistance and friction are negligible, then in a given location (because
gravity changes with location), all objects fall toward the center of Earth with
the same constant acceleration, independent of their mass, that constant
acceleration is gravity. Air resistance opposes the motion of an object through the
air, while friction opposes motion between objects and the medium through which
they are traveling. The acceleration of free-falling objects is referred to as the
acceleration due to gravity gg. As we said earlier, gravity varies depending on
location and altitude on Earth (or any other planet), but the average acceleration
due to gravity on Earth is 9.8 m/s2. This value is also often expressed as a negative
acceleration in mathematical calculations due to the downward direction of gravity.

Equations

11
The best way to see the basic features of motion involving gravity is to start by
considering straight up and down motion with no air resistance or friction. This
means that if the object is dropped, we know the initial velocity is zero. Once the
object is in motion, the object is in free-fall. Under these circumstances, the motion
is one-dimensional and has constant acceleration, gg. The kinematic equations for
objects experiencing free fall are:

V = V0 – gt

y = y0 + V0 t – ½ gt2

V2 = V02 -2g (y-y0)

Where V = velocity, g = gravity, t = time and y = vertical displacement.

What is It

An hour and thirty-one minutes after launch, my pressure altimeter halts at

103,300 feet. At ground control the radar altimeters also have stopped on readings
of 102,800 feet, the figure that we later agree upon as the more reliable. It is 7
o'clock in the morning, and I have reached float altitude.

At zero count I step into space. No wind whistles or billows my clothing. I have
absolutely no sensation of the increasing speed with which I fall.

Though my stabilization chute opens at 96,000 feet, I accelerate for 6,000 feet more
before hitting a peak of 614 miles an hour, nine-tenths the speed of sound at my
altitude. An Air Force camera on the gondola took this photograph when the cotton
clouds still lay 80,000 feet below. At 21,000 feet they rushed up so chillingly that I
had to remind myself they were vapor and not solid.

For most skydivers, the acceleration experienced while falling is not constant. As a
skydiver's speed increases, so too does the aerodynamic drag until their speed
levels out at a typical terminal velocity of 55 m/s (120 mph). Air resistance is not
negligible in such circumstances. The story of Captain Kittinger is an exceptional
one, however. At the float altitude where his dive began, the Earth's atmosphere
has only 1.5% of its density at sea level. It is effectively a vacuum and offers no
resistance to a person falling from rest.

The acceleration due to gravity is often said to be constant, with a value of 9.8
m/s2. Over the entire surface of the Earth up to an altitude of 18 km, this is the
value accurate to two significant digits. In actuality, this "constant" varies from

12
9.81 m/s2 at sea level to 9.75 m/s2 at 18 km. At the altitude of Captain Kittinger's
dive, the acceleration due to gravity was closer to 9.72 m/s2.

Given this data it is possible to calculate the maximum speed of Captain Kittinger
during his descent. First we will need to convert the altitude measurements. To
save calculation time we will only convert the change in altitude and not each
altitude. Given that he stepped out of the gondola at 102,800 feet, fell freely until
96,000 feet, and then continued to accelerate for another 6,000 feet; the distance
over which he accelerated uniformly was…

102,800 − 96,00 + 6,000 = 12,800 feet

12,800 feet 1609 m

1 5280 feet = 3900 m

It's now just a matter of choosing the correct formula and plugging in the numbers.

v0 = 0 m/s
a = 9.72 m/s2
∆s = 3900 m
v= ?
v = v02 + 2a∆s
2

v = √(2a∆s)
v= √(2(9.72 m/s2)(3900 m))
v = 275 m/s
This result is amazingly close to the value recorded in Kittinger's report.

614 mile 1609 m 1 hour = 274 m/s

1 hour 1 mile 3600 s

As one would expect the actual value is slightly less than the theoretical value. This
agrees with the notion of a small but still non-zero amount of drag.

13
 What’s More

Identify the given quantities, unknown quantities and equations to solve the given
problem.

1. (a) If a flea can jump straight up to a height of 0.440 m, what is its initial
speed as it leaves the ground? (b) How long is it in the air?

2. A small rock is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 22.0 m/s from the
edge of the roof of a 30.0-m-tall building. The rock doesn’t hit the building
on its way back down and lands on the street below. Ignore air resistance.
(a) What is the speed of the rock just before it hits the street? (b) How much
time elapses from when the rock is thrown until it hits the street?

3. A juggler throws a bowling pin straight up with an initial speed of 8.20 m/s.
How much time elapses until the bowling pin returns to the juggler’s hand?

4. You throw a glob of putty straight up toward the ceiling, which is 3.60 m
above the point where the putty leaves your hand. The initial speed of the
putty as it leaves your hand is 9.50 m/s. (a) What is the speed of the putty
just before it strikes the ceiling? (b) How much time from when it leaves
your hand does it take the putty to reach the ceiling?

5. A tennis ball on Mars, where the acceleration due to gravity is 0.379g

and air resistance is negligible, is hit directly upward and returns to
the same level 8.5 s later. (a) How high above its original point did the
ball go? (b) How fast was it moving just after it was hit? (c) Sketch
graphs of the ball’s vertical position, vertical velocity, and vertical
acceleration as functions of time while it’s in the Martian air.

14
 What I Have Learned

1. The acceleration of free-falling objects is called the acceleration due to

gravity, since objects are pulled towards the center of the earth.
2. The acceleration due to gravity is constant on the surface of the Earth and
has the value of 9.8 m/s2.

15
 What I Can Do

Justify the scenario whether a murder or suicide case. An OFW in Dubai fell
from a 15th floor building. Use the concepts and principles of free fall on the case.

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. When we say that light objects and heavy objects fall at the same rate, what
assumption(s) are we making?

a. They have the same shape.

b. They have the same size.
c. They have surfaces with similar air resistances.
d. They are falling in a vacuum.

2. When an object was thrown upwards reaches its highest point, which is
TRUE?

a. The acceleration switches from positive to negative.

b. The acceleration is zero.
c. The total displacement is zero.
d. The velocity is zero.

3. An object is allowed to fall freely near the surface of a planet. The object falls
54 meters in the first 3 seconds after it is released. The acceleration due to
gravity of that planet is______.

a. 6 m/s2 c. 27 m/s2
b. 12 m/s2 d. 108 m/s2

16
 4. Pedro was angry and wishes to drop an egg onto the head of Juan.
He stations himself in a building window 19.6 m above the level of
Juan’s head. Determine how many seconds before Juan is directly
beneath him that he will have to drop the egg in order to get the
desired plat?

a. 1.5 seconds c. 2.5 seconds

b. 2.0 seconds d. 3.0 seconds

For numbers 5-7

5. A stone is thrown from the top of the building with an initial velocity
of 20.0 m/s straight upward. The building is 50.0 m high, and the
stone just misses the edge of the roof on its way down. Determine the
time at which the stone reaches its maximum height.
a. 2.0 s c. 4.0 s
b. 3.0 s d. 5.0 s

6. Determine the maximum height of the stone above the rooftop.

a. 1.6 m c. 15.9m
b. 10.6 m d. 20.4 m

7. Determine the time at which the stone returns to the level of the
thrower.

a. 4.0 s c. 8.0 s
b. 6.0 s d. 10.0 s

8. A ball is in free fall. Its acceleration is:

a. downward during both ascent and descent
b. downward during ascent and upward during descent
c. upward during ascent and downward during descent
d. upward during both ascent and descent

17
9. A ball is in free fall. Upward is taken to be in positive direction. The
displacement of the ball during a short time interval is:
a. positive during ascent and negative during descent.
b. positive during both ascent and descent
c. negative during ascent and positive during descent
d. negative during both ascent and descent.

10. A freely falling body has a constant acceleration of 9.8 m/s 2. This
means that;
a. the acceleration of the body increases by 9.8 m/s 2 during each
second
b. the body falls 9.8 m during each second
c. the body falls 9.8 during the first second only
d. the speed of the body increases by 9.8 m/s during each second

11. If the contraction of the left ventricle lasts 250 m/s and the speed of
blood flow in the aorta (the large artery leaving the heart) is 0.80 m/s at
the end of the contraction, what is the average acceleration of a red blood
cell as it leaves the heart?

a. 0.32 m/s2 b. 3.2 m/s2 c. 31 m/s2 d. 310 m/s2

12. If the aorta (diameter da) branches into to equal-sized arteries with a
combined area equal to that of the aorta, what is the diameter of one of
the branches?
a. 1da b. da /12 c. 2da d da/2

18
 13. Rocket-powered sleds are used to test the human response to
acceleration. If a rocket-powered sled is accelerated to a speed of 444
m/s in 1.83 s, what is the acceleration and what is the distance that the
sled travels?

a. a = 200 m/s2, d = 400 m

b. a = 243 m/s2, d = 406 m

c. a = 250 m/s2, d = 410 m

d. a = 260 m/s2, d = 420 m

14. A feather, initially at rest, is released in a vacuum 12 m above the

surface of the earth. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. The acceleration of the feather decreases until terminal velocity

is reached.

b. The acceleration of the feather remains constant during the fall

c. The acceleration of the feather increases during the fall.

d. The maximum velocity of the feather is 9.8 m/s2.

15. A lunar lander is descending toward the moon’s surface. Until the
lander reaches the surface, its height above the surface of the moon is
given by y1t2 = b - ct + dt 2, where b = 800 m is the initial height of the
lander above the surface, c = 60.0 m/s, and d = 1.05 m/s 2. What is the
initial velocity of the lander, at t = 0?

b. 0 m/s b. 50 m/s c. 60 m/s d. 100 m/s

19
 Additional Activities

Identify the given quantities, unknown quantities and equations to solve the given

problem.

1. Touchdown on the Moon. A lunar lander is making its descent to Moon

Base I. The lander descends slowly under the retro-thrust of its descent

engine. The engine is cut off when the lander is 5.0 m above the surface and

has a downward speed of 0.8 m/s. With the engine off, the lander is in free

fall. What is the speed of the lander just before it touches the surface? The

acceleration due to gravity on the moon is 1.6 m/s2.

2. A hot-air balloonist, rising vertically with a constant velocity of magnitude

5.00 m>s, releases a sandbag at an instant when the balloon is 40.0 m

above the ground. After the sandbag is released, it is in free fall. (a)

Compute the position and velocity of the sandbag at 0.250 sand 1.00 s after

its release. (b) How many seconds after its release does the bag strike the

ground? (c) With what magnitude of velocity does it strike the ground? (d)

What is the greatest height above the ground that the sandbag reaches?

3. The rocket-driven sled Sonic Wind No. 2, used for investigating the

physiological effects of large accelerations, runs on a straight, level track

1070 m (3500 ft) long. Starting from rest, it can reach a speed of 224

m/s1500 mi/h2 in 0.900 s. (a) Compute the acceleration in m/s 2, assuming

that it is constant. (b) What is the ratio of this acceleration to that of a freely

falling body (g)? (c) What distance is covered in 0.900 s? (d) A magazine

20
 article states that at the end of a certain run, the speed of the sled decreased

from 283 m/s 1632 mi/h2 to zero in 1.40 s and that during this time the

magnitude of the acceleration was greater than 40g. Are these figures

consistent?

4. An egg is thrown nearly vertically upward from a point near the cornice of a

tall building. The egg just misses the cornice on the way down and passes a

point 30.0 m below its starting point 5.00 s after it leaves the thrower’s

hand. Ignore air resistance. (a) What is the initial speed of the egg? (b) How

high does it rise above its starting point? (c) What is the magnitude of its

velocity at the highest point? (d) What are the magnitude and direction of its

acceleration at the highest point?

5. A 15-kg rock is dropped from rest on the earth and reaches the ground in

1.75 s. When it is dropped from the same height on Saturn’s satellite

Enceladus, the rock reaches the ground in 18.6 s. What is the acceleration

due to gravity on Enceladus?

21
 Answer Key

Assessment What's More What I Know

1. D 1. Vf = 2.08 m/s 1. D
2. D 2. D
3. A t = 0.21 s 3. A
4. B 2. Vf = 10.20 m/s 4. B
5. D 5. D
6. D t = 1.20 s 6. D
7. A 7. A
8. C 3. t = 0.84 s
8. C
9. B 4. Vf = 4.44 m/s 9. B
10. D 10. D
11. C t = 0.52 s 11. C
12. B 12. B
5. Vf = 8.87m /s
13. B 13. B
14. C y = 13.69 m 14. C
15. C 15. C

22
References

Tabujara Jr., Geronimo D. K-12 Compliant Worktext for Senior High School
General Physics 1. Manila, Philippines: JFS Publishing Services

23
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