SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

General Physics1
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Title: Inertial Frame of
Reference
Science – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Inertial Frame of Reference
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Jenny-Lyn M. Ramirez
Editors: Loida A. Arce
Reviewers: Loida A. Arce
Illustrator: Jenny-Lyn M. Ramirez
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Dr. Carlito D. Rocafort
Dr. Job S. Zape Jr.
Eugene Adrao
Elaine Balaogan
Dr. Elpidia B. Bergado
Noel S. Ortega
Dr. Josephine Monzaga

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region IV-A

Office Address: Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano

Trece Martires City, Cavite
Telefax: (046) 419 139 / 419-0328
E-mail Address: depedcavite.lrmd@deped.gov.ph
 12

General Physics1
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Inertial Frame of Reference
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Physics 1 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Newtons Law of Motion and its Application!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

2
For the learner:

Welcome to the General Physics 1 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Newtons Law of Motion and its Application!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled into process

3
 what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

4
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the accuracy and precision. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module has one lesson, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Inertial Frame of Reference

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. To know that any frame of reference in which the law of inertia is true
is the inertial frame of reference.
2. To know that a non-inertial frame is the accelerating object relative to
inertial frame.
3. To understand that the inertial frame of reference and all moving
objects are relative

5
 What I Know

Read each problem or situations carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer
and write it on your answer sheet.

1. Newton’s first law of motion is also known as

a. law of acceleration
b. law of action and reaction
c. law of inertia
d. law of gravitation
2. Inertia is the property of mass in which an object at rest wants to stay at
rest, and an object that is moving wants to _____.
a. Also stay at rest.
b. Stay moving in a straight line unless acted upon by another force.
c. Stay moving in a circular motion unless acted upon by another force.
d. Stay moving in a straight line, but only if it has been acted upon by
another force.
3. Which of the following is an example of an inertial reference frame?
a. a frame attached to an object on which there are no forces
b. any reference frame that is at rest
c. a reference frame attached to the center of the universe
d. a reference frame attached to the Earth
4. Which of the following statements is not true for the inertial reference frame?
a. a reference frame in which newton’s first law of motion is valid
b. a reference frame in which the law of inertia holds true
c. a reference frame which haves a constant increasing acceleration
d. a reference frame which are not accelerating
5. In physics, frames of reference are classified by two main types: _____.
a. true and fictional
b. inertial and non-inertial
c. fast and slow
d. real and imagined

6
6. Which one of the following systems would constitute an inertial reference
frame?
a. a weather balloon descending at constant velocity
b. a train rounding a turn at constant speed
c. a rotating merry-go-round
d. an orbiting space station
7. An observer on the ground sees a hot air balloon rise up in the air with a
speed of 6 m/s. From which of these point of references does the balloon
have the same speed?
a. a person in the balloon
b. a fellow observer on the ground
c. a person running toward the direction of the balloon
d. a bird flying in the sky
8. An observer on the ground at Johnstar space center sees a space shuttle
being launched. Which of these should be chosen as a reference frame so
that that the space shuttle does not seem to be moving?
a. interior of the space shuttle
b. a fellow observer on the ground
c. a moving car on the driveway
d. the moon
9. A jeepney is traveling east passing a pedestrian standing on the sidewalk. In
which direction will the driver of the jeepney see the pedestrian moving?
a. north
b. east
c. west
d. south
10.A boy sitting in a moving bus and he throws a ball straight up into the air.
The ball falls behind him.
a. ascending a hill at constant velocity
b. descending a hill at constant velocity
c. having accelerated motion
d. having retarded motion

7
 Lesson

1 Inertial Frame of Reference

Force in simple word is a strength use in physical action. On the other hand,
force in science is simply a push or a pull to an object. You can apply this force
with or without touching each other and can cause objects at rest to accelerate.

What’s In

How can we apply forces to massive objects like cars?

ans. Pushing a car needs a greater force to make it. It means that man needs
to apply more force to accelerate the car from its original position to a certain
position.

What force is present when you walk around the classroom?

ans. friction force – rubbing of two different surfaces

Is there force present when we comb our hair with plastic comb?

ans. yes, electrostatics force

Notes to the Teacher

It is important that learners must have knowledge about different

forces into different situations.

8
 What’s New

Two major types of forces

1. Contact Force

2. Noncontact Force

9
 What is It

Contact Force
Contact force is a force that requires contact on both objects to occur.
Contact forces are being everywhere and responsible for interactions applied
between small and large objects.

In Physics, contact force is the force acting at the point of contact between
two objects against each other. Contact forces is subdivided into the following
components, one is the force that is perpendicular to the surface of the object or
the normal force, second is the force parallel to the surface of the object or the
friction force, and forces that opposes fluids.

Types of Contact Forces

1. Normal Force – a force exerted against the gravitational force present by the
objects touching each other.

Example of normal force

a. the book is at rest on top of the table
b. the box placed on the floor
c. the eggs on the nest

2. Tensional Force- a force applied to a rope, string, or cable that makes them
to be compressed or to be stretched by pulling on each side.

Example of Tensional Force

a. the pail was tied to the well
b. the cradle was tied on the rope at two ends
c. the star shaped Christmas lantern was hung on the ceiling

3. Frictional Force- a force created by both surfaces of the objects that is being
rubbed against each other resulting by moving in either same direction or
different direction.
Example of Frictional Force
a. the man is walking
b. the girl slide to slides
c. the boy rides to his bicycle

4. Air Resistance Force or Drag Force – is a force in the opposite direction of

the object in air or fluid.
Example of Air Resistance Force

10
 a. the sky diver jumps with his parachute
b. dropping the paper from a 2-meter height
c. the feather was flying through the air

Noncontact Force
Action at a Distance Forces is the other termed for noncontact forces and
only results when two objects interact without any physical contact with each
other. Regardless of their physical separation they can exert push or pull to the
object. There are also different types of noncontact forces.

Types of Noncontact Forces

1. Magnetic Force – attraction and repulsion resulted by putting together the
end of same poles or different poles of the magnetic object. Magnetic force
also resulted impacts of action induced by the electromagnetic materials to
produced magnetic fields. Magnetic fields are surrounded and produced by
magnetized material and by shifting into electrical charges such as those
used in electromagnets.

Example of Magnetic Force

a. a compass
b. ref magnets
c. induction stove

2. Electrostatic Force-Just like magnetic forces, electrostatic force are either

attractive or repulsive resulted by positive and negative charges of particles.
Electrostatics force are resulted by like charges that repel like protons and
unlike charges that attract like protons and electrons.

Example of Electrostatic Force

a. Combing hair with plastic comb
b. rubbing the balloon in fur
c. wiping of cloth into glass rod

3. Gravitational Force-is pulling of objects with masses towards the center of

the earth.

Example of Electrostatic Force

a. ball dropped to the floor
b. the boy riding his bicycle down the road
c. The girl standing in top of the hill

11
 What’s More

I. Tell whether the situation is in inertial or non- inertial frame of

reference.

Inertial / Non- Inertial

Situation
Reference Frame

1. The object at rest and in motion

remains motion unless acted by a net
force.
2. The object is accelerating either in
linear fashion or rotating around some
axis.
3. John is holding his a ball and riding
on a bus that is moving with a
constant velocity in a westward
direction.
4. You are riding at the bus when
suddenly the ball that you are holding
falls down the floor of the bus. The
bus starts to decelerate, then the ball
on the floor accelerate forward inside
the bus by itself.

5. Train moving with a constant velocity.

6. Car A is speeding up and passing

car B.

7. A turning car with a constant velocity

8. Bea drop the stone from the third

12
 floor of a building. The stones falls
down straight to the ground.
9. You and your friend is riding in a
merry go round. You fells like not
moving at all even the merry go
round is continuously rotating to its
center.
10. The driver is driving a vehicle moving
at a constant speed at a straight road

What I Have Learned

1. The types of contact forces are contact and noncontact forces.

2. Contact forces are forces that need to be applied directly to the objects
3. These are types of contact forces; normal force, frictional force, tension
force, air resistance force.
4. Noncontact forces are also called as action at a distance force.
5. Noncontact forces can be applying to the objects without touching.
6. The types of noncontact forces are magnetism force, electrostatic force and
gravitational force.

13
 What I Can Do

1. Do you experienced applying contact forces and noncontact forces in your

daily life?

2. Can you enumerate some example of contact and noncontact forces you
encountered in your daily life?

3. How can you distinguish contact from noncontact forces?

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is a noncontact force?
a. Drag Force
b. Gravitational Force
c. Tension Force
d. Unbalanced Force
2. Which force is acting in the opposite direction of the object in motion?
a. Tension
b. Buoyant
c. Friction
d. Normal
3. What is the example of contact force?
a. Rubbing your hands together
b. picking paper clips by magnet
c. falling stone
d. putting near the two bar magnets
4. What happen when you put near together the different poles of the two bar
magnets?
a. reaction
b. concentration
c. repulsion
d. attraction

14
5. Which of the following best describes the contact forces?
a. forces between same objects
b. forces between dissimilar objects
c. forces between objects that touch
d. forces between objects that do not touch

6. Which of the following is the force resulted by positive and negative charges
of particles?
a. magnetic force
b. electrostatic force
c. gravitational force
d. frictional force

7. Which of the following is an example of gravitational force?

a. combing hair with plastic comb
b. wiping of cloth into the glass rod
c. the cradle was tied on the rope at two ends
d. ball dropped to the floor

8. Which of the following best describes the non-contact forces?

a. forces between objects that do not touch
b. forces between same objects
c. forces between dissimilar objects
d. forces between objects that touch
9. Which of the following is the force that pulls the objects with masses towards
the center of the earth?
a. normal force
b. frictional force
c. gravitational force
d. air resistance force

10.Which of the following force is needed to apply to a string be stretched?

a. Normal force
b. frictional force
c. drag force
d. tensional force

11.Which of the following force the following is an example of normal force?

a. book lifted up of the table
b. book place at rest on top of the table
c. book sliding at the table
d. book falls at the edge of the table

12. Which of the following forces is a contact force?

a. Air resistance force
b. magnetic force
c. electrostatic force
d. gravitational force

15
13. What is another name of noncontact forces?
a. length forces
b. action at a distance force
c. drag forces
d. air resistance force

14.Which of the following force is parallel to the surface of the object?

a. normal force
b. drag force
c. friction force
d. tension force

15. Which of the following describe the force between two particles with the
same charge?
a. reaction
b. concentration
c. repulsion
d. attraction

16
 Additional Activities

To know that any frame of reference in which the law of inertia is true is the inertial
frame of reference.
2. To know that a non-inertial frame is the accelerating object relative to inertial
frame.
3. To understand that the inertial frame of reference and all moving objects are
relative
1.

Material:
Pen
Worksheet

Procedure (1) :

1. Look at the picture shown, determine the velocity of each objects relative
each other.
2. Complete the table by determining the magnitude and direction of the relative

velocity of each “object” depicted in the diagram below by comparing each

ones motion the frame of reference listed in the first column of the table.

17
 Table 1.
Object Velocity ( kph)
Bystander 0 kph
Car 48 kph
Joggers 6 kph
Biker 15 kph
Parachute 20 kph
Airplane 740 kph

Procedure(2):

1. Consider all the objects in the picture shown with their respective minimum

velocity in kilometer per hour.

2. Following the frame of reference of the bystander, as the rest frame with the

velocity of 0 kph, find the frame of reference of each objects.

Table 2.
By- Para- Air-
Frame of Reference Car Joggers Biker
stander chute plane
740
48 kph, 6 kph, 15 kph, 20 kph,
Bystander 0 kph,
left right left left
right

Car

Runner

Biker

18
Parachute

Airplane

19
 Answer Key

Assessment What's More What I Know

1. B Activity 1 1. C
2. C 1. Contact force 2. C
3. A 2. getting warmer 3. D
3. frictional
4. D force/contact force 4. A
5. C 5. C
6. B 6. D
Activity 2
7. D 7. D
8. A 1. Attracted to each 8. B
9. C other 9. B
2. Pushing against
10. D each other 10. C
11. B 3. Magnetic force / 11. B
12. A noncontact force 12. A
13. B 13. B
14. C Conclusion 14. A
15. C 15. D
Contact force need contact to
apply force while noncontact
force can apply force without
getting near or in getting
contact

20
References

General Physics 1 for Senior High School by Helen E. Caintic, PhD.

http://dev.physicslab.org/Document.aspx?
doctype=5&filename=Kinematics_RelativeVelocity.xml

http://online.fliphtml5.com/kddq/fymk/#p=3

https://www.toppr.com/ask/question/define-inertial-and-non-inertial-frames-of-reference-give-
example/

http://physics.usask.ca/~kathryn/phys111/inertial_ref_frames.pdf

21
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph