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General Control Valves.: Engineering Centre of Excellence Ecoe - Doha, Qatar Instrument Training - 16 July 2011
General Control Valves.: Engineering Centre of Excellence Ecoe - Doha, Qatar Instrument Training - 16 July 2011
BY:-DNYANESHWAR GAVHANE
INTRODUCTION :-
DEFINITION :-
FUNCTION :-
Capacity
Rangeability
Characteristics
Pressure drop
MORE THAN
FOR SLOW 40%
FLUID OF SYTEM
TRANSFER PRESSURE
PROCESS DROP
ACROSS
VALVE
Quick opening valve are usually specified for “ON-OFF” Service such
as sequential operation in either batch or semi continuous process
and in self actuated control valve .
When maximum valve capacity must be obtain quickly.
Pv
Bubble collapse
Bubble form
Vena Contracta
General Control Valves. Prepared by: Gavhane D.V. 9
Effect of Cavitation.
Several damage can occur inside a valve due to erosion caused by the
impact of liquid droplet traveling at high speed.
Pv
Bubble form
P2 Bubble continue
down stream
Vena Contracta
General Control Valves. Prepared by: Gavhane D.V. 11
Effect of Flashing.
Pv
P2
V2
V 1(Liquid) (Liquid)
SUB CONTRACTOR
CONTRACT NO:-
DOC NO:-
SHEET NO:- 1 OF 1
SCHEDULE
18 OUT 14" & SCH20 57 MFR & MODEL VTS
HEAT CONSERVATION
19 PIPE LINE INSULATION 58 SIZE / EFF.AREA VTS
(ELECTRICAL TRACING)
20 VALVE SIZING ISA S75.01 59 ON/OFF MODULATING YES
SPEC.& CODES
ACTUATOR (PNEUMATIC)
VALVE SEAT LEAKAGE
21 IV AS PER FCI 70-2 60 SPRING ACTION ON FAIL CLOSE
CLASS
MAX ALLOWABLE
22 61 VTS
PRESS.
23 62 MIN REQUIRED PRESS. VTS
24 63 AVAILABLE AIR SUPPLY MIN NOR MAX DESIGN
25 TYPE BUTTERFLY 64 PRESSURE kPag 400 850 900 1000
26 SIZE VTS 65 BENCH RANGE VTS
ACTUATOR
27 MAX PRESS./TEMP. VTS 66 VTS
ORIENTATION
28 BODY/BONNET MATERIAL A105 or A216 WCB 67 HANDWHEEL TYPE YES VTS
AIR FAILURE LOCK
29 LINER MATERIAL / ID 68 REQD. SET AT Note 5
RELAY
30 69 AIR BOTTLE REQD. WITH ACCESSORIES
VALVE BODY
BONNET GASKET
40 MFR & MODEL VTS 79 MFR & MODEL -
43 CHARACTERISTIC VTS 82
45
AIR FILTER
46 PLUG/BALL/DISC MATERIAL F6 85 SET PRESSURE
F6 SEAT HARD FACED WITH INTEGRAL PRESS.
SEAT MATERIAL 86 50mm DIAL
47 STELLITE6. GAUGE
50 89
52 IEC ZONE GR. TEMP. CLASS CLASS I, ZONE 2 , GROUP IIA & T3 91 SEAT LEAKAGE TEST YES
TESTS
53 92 CAPACITY TEST YES
54 93
55 94
CONTROL VALVE
LINEAR ROTARY
MOTION MOTION
Eccentric plug
Diaphragm valve GLOBE VALVE Butterfly
Gate valve Globe Ball
Angle
Three way
Control:- Linear & equal % Control:- Quick opening Control:- Linear & equal %
Use:- Throttling Service, And linear. Uses:- Fully open / closed or
Flow Regulation, Frequent Uses:- Fully open / closed Throttling services, Frequent
Operation limited-throttling Operation, Minimal fluid
Application:- Liquid, Vapour, Application:- Most liquids Trapping in line.
Gases, Corrosive Substances High temperature, slurries Application:-Liquids, gases,
Slurries. Advantage:- High capacity Slurries, Liquids with
Advantage: Efficient throttling Low leakage and Maint. suspended Solids.
Available in multiple ports. Tight sealing with low torque Advantage :- High Capacity
Accurate Flow control. Disadvantage:- poor Good flow control, Low Press.
Disadvantage: High pressure Throttling characteristics Drop, Low cost and Maint.
Drop, more expensive. Prone to Cavitation Disadvantage:- High torque
Required for control
Prone to cavitation at lower
ECENTRIC PLUG / CAMFLEX DIAPHRAGM KNIFE GATE
Flows.
Std./ plain
Bonnet
PROCESS INTERFACE
Process to provide process data to Instrument for specifying the
valve
Instrument to provide slected valve size to Process for
incorporating in P&IDs
Instrument to provide instrument air consumption figures for the
valves to Process to decide air line & header sizes.
PIPING INTERFACE
Instrument to provide Face to Face Dimensions, End Connection
Size & Rating, Actuator Height & Orientation, Envelope
Dimensions (for 3-D Model), Weight, etc.
Piping to provide location of control valves to Instrument for
deciding instrument air manifolds.
Piping to provide Pipe Material Specification to Instrument for
specifying the valves.
Step # 2:- Define Max. Allowable Pressure Drop For The Valve
When defining the allowable pressure drop across the valve, you should first
investigate the pump.What is its maximum available head? Remember that the
system pressure drop is limited by the pump. Essentially the Net Positive Suction
Head Available (NPSHA) minus the Net Positive Suction Head Required (NPSHR)
is the maximum available pressure drop for the valve to use and this must not be
exceeded or another pump will be needed. The usual rule of thumb is that a valve
should be designed to use 10-15% of the total pressure drop or 10 psi, whichever
is greater.
For above example step#1 system, 10% of the total pressure drop is 15 psi which
is what we'll use as our allowable pressure drop when the valve is wide open (the
pump is our system is easily capable of the additional pressure drop).
The Cv value should be used as a guide in the valve selection, not a hard
and fast rule. Some other considerations are:
a. Never use a valve that is less than half the pipe size
b. Avoid using the lower 10% and upper 20% of the valve stroke. The
valve is much easier to control in the 10-80% stroke range.
Before a valve can be selected, we have to decide what type of valve will
be used . For our case, we'll assume we're using an equal percentage,
globe valve . The valve chart for this type of valve is shown below. This
is a typical chart that will be supplied by the manufacturer.
For our case, it appears the 2 inch valve will work well for our Cv value at
about 80-85% of the stroke range. Notice that we're not trying to squeeze
our Cv into the 1 1/2 valve which would need to be at 100% stroke to
handle our maximum flow.
If the stroke percentage falls below 10% at our minimum flow, a smaller
valve may have to be used in some cases.
Judgments plays role in many cases. For example, is your system more
likely to operate closer to the maximum flowrates more often than the
minimum flowrates?
Or is it more likely to operate near the minimum flow rate for extended
periods of time. It's difficult to find the perfect valve, but you should find
one that operates well most of the time. Let's check the valve we've
selected for our system:
Any Question ?