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Modul 02 Tensile Test

2.3 Keuletan dan Ketangguhan

MS2240 – Struktur dan Sifat Material
Dr. Ir. Raden Dadan Ramdan ST, M.Eng
FTMD ITB
2 DUCTILITY
(keuletan)
elastic plastic Ductility is another important
F [N] mechanical property. It is a
measure of the degree of plastic
A0 [mm2] deformation that has been
sustained at fracture.
[MPa]
[psi] fracture
A material that experiences very
little or no plastic deformation
upon fracture is termed brittle.
σ
Stress

Strain e ∆l [mm]
∆lf=lo- lf
l0 [mm]
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3 DUCTILITY
(keuletan)

LENGTH

AREA

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4 DUCTILITY
(keuletan) ELONGATION

Ductility may be expressed quantitatively as either percent elongation or percent

reduction in area. The percent elongation %EL is the percentage of plastic strain
at fracture, or

where lf is the fracture length and l0 is the original gauge length as above.
Inasmuch as a significant proportion of the plastic deformation at fracture is
confined to the neck region, the magnitude of %EL will depend on specimen
gauge length.

The shorter l0, the greater is the fraction of total elongation from the neck and,
consequently, the higher the value of %EL. Therefore, l0 should be specified
when percent elongation values are cited; it is commonly 50 mm (2 in.).

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5 DUCTILITY
(keuletan)

Percent reduction in area %RA is defined as

where A0 is the original cross-sectional area and Af is the cross-sectional area at

the point of fracture. Percent reduction in area values are independent of both l0
and A0 . Furthermore, for a given material the magnitudes of %EL and %RA will,
in general, be different.

Both lf and Af are measured subsequent to fracture, and after the two broken
ends have been repositioned back together.
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6 BRITTLE & DUCTILE

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7 TOUGHNESS
Toughness is a measure of the ability of a material to absorb energy up to
fracture. It is the area under the – curve up to the point of fracture. The units for
toughness are the same as for resilience (i.e., energy per unit volume of
material). For a material to be tough, it must display both strength and ductility;
and often, ductile materials are tougher than brittle ones.