1

Modul 01 Tensile Test

Yielding, Resilience dan Tensile

Strength
MS2240 – Struktur dan Sifat Material
Dr. Ir. Raden Dadan Ramdan ST, M.Eng
FTMD ITB
2 YIELDING

STRENGTH
max Ultimate Tensile Strength;UTS
σ [MPa]

Tensile Strength;TS
σu
fracture = Fmax/A0
Stress

Fracture Strength
1. True elastic limit
2. Proportional limit
σf
3. Elastic limit = Ff/A0
4. Yield strength

Strain e (%)

2
3 YIELDING
elastic-plastic
σ [MPa]
Stress

1. TRUE ELASTIC LIMIT

True elastic limit based on microstrain
measurement at strain on order of 2x10-6. This
elastic limit is very low value and is related to
the motion of a few hundred dislocations

Strain e (%)

3
4 YIELDING
elastic-plastic

true elastic limit

2
106

1 1
e= e=
105 104

a). stress strain curve of fine grained material, experimental and model;
b). initial microstructure; c). microstructure at strain of 0.001% and
d). microstructure at strain of 0.01%.
http://hrdg.mse.uiuc.edu/compgr.html dis_beh_dur_def_112304.pdf
4
5 YIELDING
elastic-plastic
σ [MPa]

deviates
Stress

2. PROPORTIONAL LIMIT
The highest stress at which stress is directly
proportional to strain. It is obtained by
observing the deviation from the straight line
portion of the stress-strain curve.

Strain e (%)

5
6 YIELDING
elastic-plastic
3. ELASTIC LIMIT
The greatest stress that material can withstand without any
measurable permanent strain remaining on the complete release
of load. Determination of elastic limit requires a tedious
incremental loading-unloading test procedure.
highest
stress
σ [MPa]

stress
Stress

strain

Strain e (%) 1 2 3 4 5
measurable permanent strain
6
7 YIELDING
elastic-plastic

4. YIELD STRENGTH

The stress required to produce a small

σ [MPa]

specified amount of plastic deformation.

The usual definition of this property is
the offset yield strength determined by
stress corresponding to the intersection
Stress

of the stress-strain curve and a line

parallel to the elastic part of the curve
offset by a specified strain.

Strain e (%)
0.002 [0.2%]
7
8 YIELDING
σ [MPa] elastic-plastic

x
Stress

OFFSET YIELD STRENGTH

ELASTIC LIMIT

PROPORTIONAL LIMIT

0.2%

Strain e (%)
measurable
permanent strain
8
9
MODULUS OF RESILIENCE
Resilience is the capacity of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed
elastically and then, upon unloading, to have this energy recovered. The
associated property is the modulus of resilience, Ur , which is the strain
energy per unit volume required to stress a material from an unloaded state
up to the point of yielding.

Assuming a linear elastic region,

9
10 TENSILE TEST
strength
elastic plastic E
F [N] ν
max
A0 [mm2] MoR
[MPa]
[psi] fracture
y
u
f
uniform localized
deformation deformation
σ
Stress

Strain e ∆l [mm]
x 100%
l0 [mm]
10