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MODULE 1
PRACTICUM OF BASIC
PHYSICS

TITLE

"MASSAGE MEASUREMENT"

DATE PRACTICE : 06 NOVEMBER 2020

ASSISTANT : YULPRISTA PUTRI
NAME : NUR INTAN JUNAEDI
ID : 200105511005
DEPARTMENT /PROGRAM :CHEMISTRY/ICP OF CHEMISTRY EDUCATION
GROUP MEMBER :1.AINUN MUDMAINAA
2.MUHAMMAD SAMAD SYUAID
3.NANA NURSANA AHDA
4.NADYA SALSABILA HERMAN

PHYSICS LABORATORY BASIC PHYSICS UNIT

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS FMIPA UNM
IN 2020
 MODULE 1

Measurement Quantity
Measurement is an activity that must be carried out
by every student of science disciplines before
carrying out experimental activities in the
laboratory. This module will discuss the meaning
of measurement, how to use measuring tools, how
to write down measurement results, how to process
measurement results, and some basic measurement
activities that must be carried out by students. By
completing this module, students are expected to be
able to understand the basic concepts of
measurement and apply them to subsequent
practicum activities.
Figure 1.1. Calipers, a type of measuring
instrument for length

A. PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT

After completing this module, students are expected to be able to:
1. Able to use measuring instruments for length, mass, time and temperature.
2. Be able to determine uncertainty in single and repeated measurements.
3. Understand or understand the use of meaningful numbers

B. TOOLS AND MATERIALS

1. Ruler / Ruler 9. Glass Measuring
2. Period Sorong 10. Third leg and gauze
3. Micrometer Screw 11. Burner Bunsen
4. Stopwatch 1 2. SUFFICIENT WATER
5. Thermometer
6. Iron Block
7. Little Balls
8. Ohaus balance

C. BRIEF THEORY
1. Measurement Length
Measurement is part of Science Process Skills which is the collection of information
both quantitatively and qualitatively. By taking measurements, it can be obtained the
magnitude or value of a quantity or qualitative evidence. In physics science learning, an
educator does not only convey a collection of facts but should teach science
 2

as a process (using a process approach). Therefore, doing experiments or experiments in

Physical Science is very important. Conducting experiments in the laboratory means
deliberately generating natural phenomena and then taking measurements.

a. MISTAR

On loyalp measuring instrument is somethingu score smoment that tino could again
divided, this is which is called the Least Scale Value (NST). The accuracy of
measuring instruments depends on this NST. In Figure 1.2 below, you can see NST =
0.25 units

0 123 4 56
Figure 1.2. The main scale of a measuring instrument with NST = 0.25 units

For example, a ruler is used to measure the length of an object as in Figure 1.3
below.

2 3 4cm

Figure 1.3 The designation of the scale with the needle is quite thin

From the picture, it can be seen that the NST Ruler is 0.1 cm or 1 mm, so the results
of measuring the length of the object are:
l= (3.65 ± 0.05) cm

b. CALIPERS

Loyalpcalipers have a main scale (SU) and an auxiliary scale or nonius scale (SN). In
general, the main scale value = 1 mm, and the number of nonius scales is not always
the same from one calipers to another. Some have 10 scales, 20 scales, and some even
have a 50 scale nonius scale.

The caliper is a length measurement tool that can specifically be used to measure the
inner diameter, outer diameter and depth. To use a caliper, it must first be known the
Smallest Scale Value or NST. The following will be given how to determine the NST
of Calipers.
 Look at the picture on the side!

20 Nonius Scale = 39 Major Scale

Since the Main Scale value is 1 mm, then

20 Nonius scale = 39 mm

Sso, 1 Nonius scale = 1.95 mm

Figure 1.4 One form of calipers

Karena 1 Smoment No.nius bevalue 1.95 mm, so the smoment score on Smoment
Main the most close to 1.95 mm is 2 mm. The difference between these two scale
values is the NST of the caliper.

NST caliper = 2 mm - 0.95mm = 0.05mm

To determine the Measurement Result (HP) using the Caliper, the equation is used:

Measurement Result (HP)

 (PSU × Main Scale Value) + (Nonius Scale Designation × NST Caliper)

Example:
Look at the picture of the measurement of the inner diameter of a tube using the caliper
below!
From the picture, it can be seen that:
3 4 5 6 7
Appointment Main Scale (PSU) = 30 Main cm

Scale Value Scale (NSU) = 1 mm Nonius

Scale Designation (PSN) = 15 Scale
0 2
Indigoi Smoment The smallest Figure 1.5 One example of the results
(NST) = 0.05 mm measurement with calipers

Based on this data, the measurement results (HP) obtained are:

HP = (PSU × Main Scale Value) + (Nonius Scale Designation × NST Caliper)

HP = (30 × 1mm) + (15 × 0.05 mm)
= 30 mm + 0.75 mm
= 30.75 mm
Absolute Error Δx
Δx =1 x NST Calipers
= 0, 05 mm
 So that the measurement results obtained are reported as,
x = x ± Δx mm
x = 30.75 ± 0.05 mm

c. SCREW MICROMETER
The screw micrometer has a two-part horizontal scale (SM) as the main scale and a
rotary scale (SP) as the nonius scale. The NST micrometer screw can be determined
using the equation,

Horizontal Scale Value

NST tool = N
where N = number of play scales.

On generally the screw micrometer has a Horizontal Scale Value (main scale) of 0.5
mm and the number of rotating scales is 50 scales, thus the NST micrometer screw is
like having an NST of,

NST Micrometer Screw =0.5 mm

50
= 0.01mm

The measurement result of a micrometer can be determined by reading the

designation of the end of the rotary scale to the main scale and the horizontal line
(which divides the two main scales into the upper and lower scales) of the rotary
scale. To determine the Measurement Result (HP) using a screw micrometer, the
equation is used:

Measurement Result (HP)

 (PSM × Horizontal Scale Value) + (Rotary Scale Indicator × NST Micrometer Screw)

Example:
Look at the picture of the measurement
results of coin thickness using the
0
micrometer screw below! 35

Dari picture tesee that: Appointment

30
Horizontal Scale = 5 Scale Value
Horizontal Scale = 0.5 mm Rotary Figure 1.6 One form of the Mirometer
Scale Designation = 32.5 NST Scale screw

Micrometer Screw = 0.01 mm

Thus, the measurement results obtained are:
 Measurement =(5 × 0.5mm) + (32.5 × 0.01mm)
results
= 2.5 mm + 0.325 mm
=2, 825 mm

Absolute Error Δx

1
Δx =
2 NST Micrometer Screw
= 0.005 mm

So that the measurement results obtained are reported as,

x = x ± Δx mm
x = 2, 825 ± 0.005 mm

2. MASS MEASUREMENT
a. Ohauss balance 2610 grams
On this balance sheet tecan3 (three) arms with different measuring limits. At the end
of the arm, 2 weights can be carried with the value of each 500 grams and 1000
grams. So that the ability or measurement limit of this tool becomes 2610 grams. For
measurements under 610 grams, it is sufficient to use all balance arms and above 610
grams to 2610 grams plus hanging loads. The measurement results can be determined
by summing the hanging load designations with all the balance arms indicated.

b. Ohauss balance 311 grams

This balance has 4 (four) arms with different Scale Values, each arm has a different
measurement limit and Scale Value. To use this balance, first determine the Scale
Value of each NST arm of the 311 gram Ohaus Balance, taken from the Least Scale
Value of the four arms. Measurement results are determined by adding up the
designation of all balance arms used.

c. Balance Ohauss 310 grams

NereadIt has 2 (four) arms with different Scale Values and is equipped with a
Rotating Scale (Main Scale) and a nonius scale. The NST of the Ohauss 310 Balance
can be determined in the same way as for the Caliper. The measurement result is
determined by adding up the designation of all balance arms added to the
measurement value of the rotary scale and its nonius.

3. MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE AND TIME

Thermometer is a tool used to measure the temperature of a substance. There are two
types of thermometers that are commonly used in laboratories, namely
 mercury thermometer and alcohol thermometer. Both are glass rod type
thermometers with a minimum measuring limit of –10oC and a maximum measuring
limit
+ 110oC. The smallest scale value for the two types of thermometer can be
determined just like determining the smallest scale value of an ordinary ruler, namely
by taking a certain measurement limit and dividing it by the number of scales from
zero to the measurement taken.

The stopwatch is one of the most frequently used time measurement tools in
laboratories. This measuring instrument is equipped with a button for starting, turning
off, and returning the needle to the zero position. There are several different forms of
stopwatches with different NSTs. How to determine the NST of a stopwatch is the
same as determining the NST of a measuring instrument without nonius

D. INTRODUCTION TASKS
1. Uncertainty that is included in systemized uncertainty is calibration error, zero point
error, spring error, friction, and parallax error. How do you think about dealing with this
uncertainty?
2. Find the NST of: (a) a wall clock whose circle is divided into 60 scales;
(b) the distance between cities posted on the road by the Ministry of Public Works; and
(c) the sitting weigher that is used when you buy granulated sugar in a stall / shop.
3. If a measuring instrument has divisions of 9 major scales = 10 nonius scales, plot the
nonius position which gives a reading of 36.21.
4. The pencil length is reported to be x = (12.80 ± 0.05) cm, explain what that means? How
much NST is the measuring instrument used?
5. Compute A ± ∆A, if the value of A is 10.1, respectively; 10.2; 10.0; 10.0; 9.8; 10,1; 9.8;
10.3; 9.7 and 10.0. Give the correct interpretation of the results!
6. Determine the minimum length that can be measured using an ordinary ruler, when
required the relative uncertainty of not more than 10% and 1% of the result.
7. You know π = 3.141592. Write the value for π with relative uncertainty (a) 0.1
%; (b) 1%; (c) 10% and (d) 6%.

E. REFERENCES
1. Darmawan Djonoputo. 1984. Uncertainty theory uses SI units.
Publisher ITB. Bandung.
2. Basic Physics Laboratory of FMIPA ITB. 2009. Basic Physics Practicum Module 1,
Publisher ITB. Bandung

F. IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASUREMENT
1. Length measurement
a. Take the ruler, caliper and micrometer determine the NST
b. Measure 3 times each for the length, width and height of the cuboid block provided
using the three gauges. Record your measurement results in the table of observations
with the uncertainty.
c. Measure 3 times each for the diameter of the ball (measure in different places)
provided using the three gauges. Record your measurement results in the table of
observations with the uncertainty.

2. Implementation of Mass Measurement

a. Determine the NST of each balance sheet
b. Measure the mass of the object used in the length measurement, take repeated
measurements 3 times.
c. Record your measurement results with measurement uncertainty
3. Measurement Activities
a. Prepare a measuring cup, a bunsen burner complete with a tripod and a layer of
asbestos and a thermometer.
b. Fill a measuring cup with water to ½ part and place it on the tripod without a
burner.
c. Measure the temperature as the initial temperature (To).
d. Turn on the bunsen burner and wait a few moments for the flame to appear
normal.
e. Place the bunsen burner just below the beaker while running the timer
f. Record the change in temperature read on the thermometer every 1 minute
interval until 10 is obtained.

G. OBSERVATION RESULT
The results of observations or measurements can be recorded / filled in the table of
observation results provided in this module.

OBSERVATION RESULT

Date and time : Friday / 06 November 2020

Department / Prodi / : Chemistry / Icp of Chemistry Education

Group :5

Name / ID of Practice: Nur Intan Junaedi / 200105511005

Group Member : 1. Ainun Mudmainaa

2. Muhammad Samad Syuaib
3. Nana Nursana ahda
4. Nadya Salsabillah Herman
Observation result
1. Measurement Length
NST ruler : measure limit = 30 cm= 0,1 cm = 1 mm Qty.
Scale 300
NST calipers : 20 nonius scale = 39 major scales
Since the main scale value is 1 mm, then
1 SN = 39/20 = 1,95 mm close to 2 mm, then the difference is
NST caliper = 2 mm – 1,95 mm = 0,05 mm NST
micrometer screw : for horizontal scale value = bts / number of scale
½ mm = 0,5 mm
NST tool = N.SM= 0,5 mm = 0,01 mm
J. SP 50

Table of length measurement results

Measurement result (mm)

The The
No.
object measured
being quantity Screw micrometer
Ruler Period
measu
red
1 Cube Long | 20,0 ± 0,5 | | 20,00 ± 0,5 | | 20,290 ± 0,005 |

| 20,0 ± 0,5 | | 20,00 ± 0,5 | | 20,260 ± 0,005 |

| 20,0 ± 0,5 | | 20,00 ± 0,5 | | 20,260 ± 0,005 |
2 ball diameter | 15,0 ± 0,5 | | 16,35 ± 0,5 | | 16,020 ± 0,005 |
| 15,0 ± 0,5 | | 16,35 ± 0,5 | | 16,440 ± 0,005 |
| 16,0 ± 0,5 | | 17,25 ± 0,5 | | 16,050 ± 0,005 |

2. Measurement of
mass balance ohauss 2610
grams
Arm scale value 1 = bts measure / number of scale =500/5=100
gram
Value of arm scale 2 = 100/10 = 10 gram
Arm scale value 3 = 10/100 = 0, 1 gram
Mass of hanging load =
 Table of mass measurement results with a balance of 2610 grams of oxygen

Thing Penun. Penun, Penun. Hangin Mass of object (g)

Sleeve 1 arms 2 Sleeve 3 g load
Cube 0 20 3,2 | 23,20 ± 0,05 |
0 20 4.5 | 24,50 ± 0,05 |
0 20 4,3 | 24,30 ± 0,05 |
Ball 0 0 5,6 | 5,60 ± 0,05 |
0 0 5,6 | 5,60 ± 0,05 |
0 0 5,8 | 5,80 ± 0,05 |

Balance of ohauss 310 grams NST Ohauss Balance 310 grams

Scale value arm 1 = 100 g 10 SN = 19 SP
Arm scale value 2 = 10 g 19 x 0, 1 = 1,9
Play scale value = 0,1 g 1 SN = 1,9 / 10
Number of nonius scale= 10 NST = 0, 2 – 0,19 = 0,01 grams
Mass measurement table with an ohauss balance of 310 grams

Penun. Penun.
Thing Penun. Penun, Scale Scale Mass of object (g)
Sleeve 1 arms 2 Turn nonius
Cube 0 20 4.5 0,07 | 24,57 ± 0,01 |
0 20 4.5 0,07 | 24,57 ± 0,01 |
0 20 4,4 0,07 | 24,47 ± 0,01 |

Ball 0 0 5.5 0,02 | 5,52 ± 0,01 |

0 0 5.5 0,03 | 5,53 ± 0,01 |

0 0 5,6 0,03 | 5,63 ± 0,01 |

3. Time Measurement
NST stopwatch = 0, 1 second
Length of the trajectory = | 200.60 ± 0.05 |cm
Time measurement results table

No. Time (s)

1 | 3,2 ± 0,01 |
2 | 3,2 ± 0,01 |
3 | 3,3 ± 0,01 |
4 | 3,3 ± 0,01 |
5 | 3,2 ± 0,01 |
6 | 3,2 ± 0,01 |

Makassar, Assistant
Supervisor

ID.
H. ANALYSIS DATA
1. Based on the results of the length measurement, determine the volume of the
object you are measuring for each length measuring instrument. Include an
analysis of the uncertainty.
2. From the results of the analysis to determine the volume of the object, which
measuring instrument is the most accurate and appropriate for measuring length,
give an explanation!

3. Based on analysis number 1, and the results of mass measurements using 3 types
of ohaus balance, calculate the density of each object!
Note: For volume obtained from the measurement with a ruler, there will be three
density values because there are three mass measuring instruments. Thus, there
will be nine density values to be obtained.
4. Based on the results of analysis no.3, determine which pair of measuring
instruments is the most accurate and appropriate to use to obtain the density of
objects, give an explanation?

5. From the results of your analysis, determine the type of material from the blocks
and balls you are using!
 6. From the results of time and temperature measurements, explain which
measurement is the most precise and accurate? Give an explanation why!

1. Measurement of time
1)
t 1 = | 3,2 ± 0,1 |
t 2 = | 3,2 ± 0,1 |
t 3 = | 3,3 ± 0,1 |
t 4 = | 3,3 ± 0,1 |
t 5 = | 3,2 ± 0,1 |
t 6 = | 3,2 ± 0,1 |

2) ̅ t = t1+t2+t3+t4+t5+t6
6

= 3,3+3,2+3,3+3,3+3,2+3,2
6
= 3,2333333 ~ 3,23
3).
δt 1=¿ | t1 - ̅t̅ | = | 3,2-3,23| = 0,03
δt 1=¿ | t1 - ̅t̅ | = | 3,2-3,23| = 0,03
δt 1=¿ | t1 - ̅t̅ | = | 3,3-3,23| = 0,07
δt 1=¿ | t1 - ̅t̅ | = | 3,3-3,23| = 0,07
δt 1=¿ | t1 - ̅t̅ | = | 3,2-3,23| = 0,03
δt 1=¿ | t1 - ̅t̅ | = | 3,2-3,23| = 0,03
Δt = δmax
Δt = 0,07

4). PF = | ̅t̅ ±Δt|

PF=| ̅3,23 ± 0,07|

2. Accuracy of Time
Δt
KR= x 100 %
t
0,07
t 1= x 100 %=2,1875 2,18 %
3,2

0,07
t2 = x 100 %=2,1875 2,18 %
3,2

0,07
t3 = x 100 %=2, 12121212 2 , 12 %
3,3

0,07
t4 = x 100 %=2, 12121212 2 , 12 %
3,3

0,07
t5 = x 100 %=2,1875 2,18 %
3,2

0,07
t6 = x 100 %=2,1875 2,18 %
3,2
 Discussion:
the accuracy of a measurement can be seen from Δt . While the accuracy is
seen from the KR. The smaller the KR on a measurement, the more accurate
the measurement is.
KR <High accuracy

I. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

Give your conclusions and suggestions based on the analysis and discussion that has
been obtained!