SH_Philo 1_ Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

SH_Philo 1_
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
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Prepared by:
PACIO, ROMNICK C.

Reminders:
1. Each lesson has an activity. Complete the activity for each lesson first before
proceeding to the next lesson.
2. Mark each pages of your activity with your signature to prove that it is yours.
3. If cheating was identified like copy paste from the internet or exact answers
from your classmates was identified on the opinionated activity, your score will
be automatically ZERO.
4. You are given 4 days to complete each lesson activities and submit them by
PICTURING them and send it through; a) messenger or b) e-mail:
romnickpacio014@gmail.com or c. drop the compiled activities here at
BVS-Colleges.
5. If you have queries, you raise it through our group chat or you can e-mail me
directly.

REFERENCES:
Ramos, C. C. R., (2016). Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person.
Manila: Rex Bookstore
Mendoza E. H. & Garcia, L. S.P., (2018). Introduction to the Philosophy of the
Human Person. Manila: Unlimited Books Library Services and Publishing Inc.

LESSON 1. THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT

“The body is not of the essence of the soul; but the soul by the nature of its essence can
be united to the body, so that, properly speaking, not the soul alone, but he composites,
is the species.”
- St. Thomas Aquinas

Lesson objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:
a. assess one’s limitation and possibilities in relation to transcendence.
b. distinguishes his/her own limitations and the possibilities for his/her
transcendence.
c. analyze the nature pf human person as an embodied spirit.
d. develop their life ultimate goal.

 Do you agree that the body of a human being is good as trash without the
soul? Yes, or NO and explain why?
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 If soul is essential, how are you going to protect your soul?
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DEFINITION OF A HUMAN PERSON.

Refers to the individual, and all his attributes and characteristics that set him or
her apart from other human beings. Like all other animals, human beings possess
SENTIENCE, the ability to feel and experience and perceive things. As a human
person, he is a body, serves as an intermediary. As such;
a. It connotes two meanings; a) as a bridge and; b) as a wall. Bridge that link him
with the other human beings, and a wall which separates him from the rest of the
world,
b. (Interaction of the human body to the outside world) Because of the body, an
encounter between him and the world may transpire;
 Through the body, subjectivity is opened to the world and the world is
opened to the person.
 On the other hand, because of the body, a person experiences the world as
a separate entity from him, he is hidden from the world and the world is
hidden from him.
 The body is not only an intermediary between him and the world but also,
between hijm and onthers. He shows himself to others and vice versa. At
the same time, he hides himself from them, and they hide their selves from
him.

THE VALUE OF THE BODY:

> the body has a unique value and dignity both in terms of appearance and
subjectivity.
> Its focus can cover the world and others but also God.

ARISTOTLE’S CONCEPT OF MAN:

Aristotle said that the body and the soul are in a state of unity (Hylomorphic
doctrine). He added that the soul acts as the real actuality of the body while the body is
the material entity that possesses the potentiality of life. Furthermore, Aristotle cited the
concepts as to the types of soul:

1. Rational Soul - Aristotle ranked this as the highest for it takes responsibility over
the vegetative souls. It is capable of thinking, reasoning, reflecting, and deciding
apart from sensing, and growing.
2. Sensitive Soul - It feeds itself, it grows, it reproduces and it has feelings.
3. Vegetative Soul - It is capable of feeding, growing, and reproducing itself.

 There are several thoughts on the aspect of man being a rational animal. The
ancients and those who followed suit had taken the following views:
 Man is considered a rational animal as he can recognize things around him
through his senses and intellect. He however, is called an animal because he is
no different from the rest of the other animals.
 Man can observe and see things as they are and from there, he undergoes an
intellectual process (called IDEOGENESIS) to give the things he observed its
meaning.
 St. Thomas Aquinas said that the body and the soul are the distinct entities of
totally different natures. He added that the universal element that is common in
all living beings is the soul.

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ALASDAIR MACINTYRE’S VIEW ON THE RATIONAL MAN.

According to him; there are three aspects of human existence that should be
present in order to have a successful ethical theory:
a) We are dependent. Dependent in a way that we can decide on our own and do
things on our own.
b) We are rational. We are thinking individual.
and, c) We are animals. We have a qualities or characteristics that are common
to other animals.

RENE DESCARTES considered the father of modern philosophy and analytic

geometry, contended that:
o All extended beings including man’s body are subject to change and therefore,
uncertain.
o To get rid of this illusion, he introduced a methodic doubt in which he subjects
every extended being into doubt and claimed that whatever it is, that should pass
the test for it to be held as certain and real.
o Descartes realized that even if almost everything can be doubted, there is one
thing that cannot be doubted.

Man is a capable human being. In the formation of the human being, the following were
stressed as a major component:
 The purpose and aim of self-formation is to make each person become what god
wants him to be.
 Man must strive to free himself from mere conformity with the ways of this world
and avoid imitation.
 It is very essential in life that we pursue self-formation because It will make us
realize what is God’s plan for us.
 Life definitely, is an endless search for meaning.

TRANSCENDENCE
 Came from the Latin words, “trans” which means “beyond” and “scandare”
meaning to “Climb”.
 An act of rising above something to superior state.
 A state of excelling or surpassing or going beyond the usual limits of material
experience.

THREE SPIRITUAL PHILOSOPHIES OF TRANSCENDENCE

A. HINDUISM
- A quest for absolute truth so that the Brahman or Atman (Absolute soul) might
become one.
- Believes that a human beings soul can be temporarily encased in the human
body.
- Believes in the duality of a human person; a) a spiritual immortal essence
which is the soul, and b) an empirical life and character.
- Believe also that humanity’s basic goal in life is the liberation of the spirit of
jiva.
- Believes that life is full of sufferings, and these are caused by passionate
desires and eradication of such desires may be achieved by following the 8-
fold Path of earnest endeavor.

B. CHRISTIANITY
- It holds that there are 3 aspects of a personal unity which is made up of: a)
body, b) mind, and c) soul. The body serves as the host and in return, the
soul moves it with the assistance of the mind.
- The framework of the human limitations and possibilities are based on three
realities of the human person which are; a) physical, b) immaterial, and Free
possibility of transcendence.

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- Physical reality is a limitation as it refers to the human body. As persons,

humans are the only beings that exist with a body (God and angels do not
have bodies). We are beings with bodily forms.
- Physical reality has two limitations which are:
a. Natural Limitations (biological and environmental)
b. Social Limitations to include customs and traditions.
- Immaterial reality is also a limitation. This is so since the immortal essence of
a living thing is theorized as the soul.
- Man’s destiny is to live in two worlds: the spiritual and the physical worlds.

C. ARISTOTLE
- The soul is the core essence of the human person.
- It is part of the body.
- It exists to animate the body.
- The soul cannot exist without the human body and vice versa.
- Since the body is mortal, his concept of the soul is also mortal which also
dies.
- Even if the soul can be understood as immortal, it is still considered as a
human limitation as it is not free in itself. The soul is bound to the physical
body.

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN EVALUATING LIMITATIONS

A human person has inherent characterteristics which can be the defining aspect
of his limitations. In evaluating these limitations, the following can be factored in:
1. FORGIVENESS – this free us from anger and bitterness. The hardness of the
heart is reinforced by a whole series of rational arguments.
2. THE BEAUTY OF NATURE – there is perfection even in simple things like
flowers and a grain of seed. This is what the ancient philosophers believed.
These kinds of experiences can be momentous, filled with grade. It gives us
reason to say praises.
3. VULNERABILITY – If you are not vulnerable, you are not human. To be
vulnerable shows we are human and to fail to acknowledge that we need the
help of others is to live life without meaning and direction. Dependence on others
is not a sign of weaknesses but an act of being true to ourselves.
4. FAILURE – it makes us confront our individual weaknesses and limitations. Such
acceptance of our failures makes us hope and trust that some goodness is
forthcoming.
5. LONELINESS – this can be rooted from our sense of vulnerability and
awareness of our limitations. This includes our fear of death which is a common
experience. With loneliness, we can realize that our dependence on other people
and thing is but passiveness from which we can be set free.
6. LOVE - to love is to experience richness, positivity and transcendence. Life is
filled with risk, fears, pain and sometimes we are required to sacrifice things we
hold dear for the sake of the ones we love. Basically, love is an obligation and
responsibility.

LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES

ALBERT EINSTEIN wrote that, “you can’t solve your problems with the same mentality
you used to create them”.

EVALUATE OWN LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR THEIR

TRANSCENDENCE
Personal limitations are sometimes difficult to accept whenever pride is present. It
does change however, the fact that indeed all of us have limitations. In evaluating one’s
limitations, there are no set criteria that can be used since each of us is different from
the other person. Here are some of the examples:

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1. Lack of Finance
2. Lack of stability in the community
3. Lack of physical and emotional health
4. Lack of self-understanding
5. Lack of relational skills
6. Lack of personal identity
7. Lack of communication skills
8. Lack of empowering location
9. Lack of appropriate training
10. Lack of meaningful relationships
11. Lack of confidence
12. Lack of safety and security.
The possibilities for transcendence have to be anchored o other considerations. The
work if spirituality prompts us to transcend our limitations. Transcendence takes us to a
broader view. It incorporates a wider universe.

TWO SOURCES OF TRANSCENDENCE

1. PUSH APPROACH – the limitation that we are aware of. We do not want to be limited by
those ways and we wish to rise above our shortcomings. We can try to go beyond the
animal heritage and become fully human, fully ourselves. We want freedom from those
limitations.

2. PULL APPROACH – this call us to turn away from ourselves and embrace some higher
possibilities. A deeper, more essential way of living attracts us; it pulls us to engage in the
path that we may live in harmony and the sweetness of the Sacred, the Divine. (the action
of faith)

RECOGNIZE HOW THE HUMAN BODY IMPOSES LIMITS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR
TRANSCENDENCE
The human body is a dignified living body which has inherent dignity that must be
respected. Its body parts that function uniquely through its senses. It has a mind that is
capable of high intellectual process. It also carries with it the memory of the past. It is
the same body that we will have in our struggle through life –onwards.
The body is the medium between self and the world. There is a symbiotic
relationship between the body and the soul. Here are the THREE CONDITIONS which
you have to meet to claim ownership of your body.
1. Nobody owns your body except you. A person should be responsible over
what he owns.
2. Ownership requires full control over what one owns.
3. Our body is not an object; more so, it cannot be an instrument because an
instrument is a plain object. The body is not.
The following are the concepts of human person’s body impose limits and possibilities
for transcendence:
1. THE CONCEPT OF DREAD – man is believed to have been simply thrown into
the world and is left alone to face what he can do because he did not will or
choose it.
2. THE CONCEPT OF BIENG-OTHERS RELATED – man has to establish
relationship with others in this world.
3. THE CONCEPT OF CONCERN – a human person’s relatedness to entities is
basically the things that he encounters in this world. He always seeks approval
and wish to be together with others.
4. THE CONCEPT OF GUILT-FEELING – in philosophy, guilt-feeling is something
that is lacking or missing in a person, as such a human person is a guilty
creature.
5. THE CONCEPT OF CONSCIENCE – this plays a primary role in recovering from
being “lost or fallen” in this world

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6. THE CONCEPT OF RESOLUTENESS – resoluteness in man’s readiness to be

called by his conscience.
7. THE CONCEPT OF TEMPORALITY – this imposes limits to the human body
which is temporal.
8. THE CONCEPT OF DEATH – in man’s temporal existence, one will find death at
the end.

DISTINGUISH THE LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR TRANSCENDENCE

Self-transcendence is synonymous with our capacity to improve ourselves.
Transcendence however, is not just about achieving more. It is more about overcoming
our negative thoughts and beliefs. Here are some of the things that may consider:
1. SET TARGETS – Set realistic goals and targets. This may include getting rid
of bad habits.
2. DON’T BE LIMITED BY YOUR OWN THOUGHTS. We should be aware of
how easy we can be affected by our own self-imposed limitations. We often
allow our thoughts to limit our perspective and capacities.
3. DON’T LISTEN TO PEOPLE’S NEGATIVITY. We have all a fair share of
critics. But progress does not come through listening to doubts, suspicions
and disbelief of critics.
4. BE FOCUSED AND WHOLLY COMMITTED. Our transcendence will never
come from half-hearted attempts. We have to harness the power of
concentration and before we know it, we have gain unimaginable focus.
5. REMEMBER MANY THINGS WERE CALLED IMPOSSIBLE. When we view
things from the limitations of the mind and listen to what people keep saying,
we may be forced to believe exactly that such is impossible. But when we
bring our inner strength qualities and listen to our soul instead of listening to
others.
6. DRAW INSPIRATIONS FROM PERSONAL EXAMPLES.

A human being is a biosocial being and represents the highest level of development
of all living things organism on earth. It is the subject of labor, social forms of life
communication and eventually, consciousness.

Proceed to pages 13-15 for Lesson 1 Activities (Activity 1.1-1.3) before

proceeding to next lesson.

LESSON 2. THE HUMAN PERSON IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT

“The world is big enough to satisfy the needs of any person, but too small to satisfy
human greediness”
- Mahatma Gandhi
Learning Objectives: After the lesson, the students will be able to;
a. Identify challenging conditions in the environment.
b. Establish solutions with respect to environmental concerns.
c. Recognize the importance of environment and understand the role of man in the
environment.
ENVIRONMENT – derived from the medieval French, “Environnement” which is used to
describe the action of surrounding something and also to refer to conditions in which a
person or other organism lives and develops.
- Environment represents all surrounding to an existing being.
- Refers to the external settings and circumstances in broad-spectrum
influencing the natural life, cycle, and survival, of all living and non-living
creatures.

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- Includes the set of natural, social and cultural morals and ethics represented
in a specific location at a precise period, which has impact in the existence of
the humankind and in the generations to take place.

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVES
ECOCENTIC ANTHROPOCENTRIC TECHNOCENTRIC
Nature-centered People-centered Technology-centered
With minimum Humans are managers of the Technology solves
disturbances to nature. planet. problems

1. ECOCENTRISM
 The ecological or personal honor that mankind postulate that reflects our
morals and values towards nature. In this aspect, individuals are fervent to
conserving the entirety of Earth’s biodiversity and the active operation of its
life-supporting system.
 All living creatures including human has essential value. Humans need to
protect its habitat and ecosystems since resources are limited and scarce.
 THEORIES ON ECONOMIC MODEL:
a. DEEP ECOLOGY
- An ecological philosophy developed by Arne Naess in the early 1970’s.
- He emphasizes that all living existence have an equally corresponding
right to exist. However, human needs and wants are unending.
- He trusts that the living environment ought to be appreciated, valued and
viewed as having rights to prosper, autonomous of its use, function, or
benefit to humans.
b. SOCIAL ECOLOGY
- A critical social theory founded by American anarchist and Liberian
socialist author Murray Bookchin
- intellectualized as a critique of current, social, political, and anti-ecological
trends, it espouses reconstructive, ecological, communitarian, and ethical
approach to society.
c. ECOFEMINISM or ECOLOGICAL FEMINISM
- it explores the links and correlations between women folk and nature.
- its name was coined by French feminist Francoise d’Eaubonne in the year
1974.
- emanates from the notion that women and nature have noteworthy
relation, as women most likely have a pronounced connotation with nature
in many societies due to the character of their traditional roles.

2. ANTHROPOCENTRISM
 nature is used to benefit the human population.
 humans are the most important of all creations.
 the unreasonable or excessive utilization of environment’s resources which
give rise to ecological crisis. As such, it ensures that human egotism towards
nature is defensible to gratify human interest. Now and then, people applies
exploitive approach each time nature is merely pondered as a channel for
one’s profit or advantage. Some of effects of anthropocentrism;
1. All kinds of population 6. Famine
2. Deforestation 7. Stronger typhoons
3. Soil erosion 8. Climate change
4. Depletion of natural 9. Global warming
resources
5. Drought and water crisis
3. TECHNOCENTRISM
 An environmental perspective that relies on technology to solve ecological
problems cause by men.

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 A values system that is focused on technology and its competence to manage

and protect the environment.
 Technocentrics have complete confidence in technology and modern industry
and strongly consider mankind as having control over nature.
 Further believe in classical science, technology, conventional economic
thinking, and in the human control over nature. They are confident in the
ability of experts to invent new techniques to extract and allocate resources.

NATURAL RESOURCES VS. ARTIFICIAL RESOURCES

 Natural Resources – resources found in nature that man uses to meet their
needs. Like for examples; land (soils, mountains, fields), water (river, lake, sea),
air (oxygen), plants (trees, forests), and animals (provides meat, milk, and wool).
 Artificial Resources – known as man-made, materials from the natural
environment that people convert to produce other things with the aid of tools and
creativity. Like for examples; building, bottled water, balloon, paper products, and
processes/canned meat.
- Raw materials + tools + skills = Man-made resources

CURRENT CONDITION OF OUR ENVIRONMENT

Change is inevitable. We cannot refute the fact that our environment is
continuously changing. The older generation, our ancestors, can certainly attest to the
changes they have seen and compare the past and present condition of our
environment.
As much as we want progress, there are things that will surely be sacrificed.
Here are some of current environmental conditions;

 EROSION – a process that triggers the soil façade to deteriorate. It could be

caused by wind or water, erosion leads to the displacement of
soils, plants and seeds.
- Geological Erosion is caused naturally by water, wind or gravity.
- Accelerated Erosion is cause by humans’ over-use of land. Activities
such as excessive construction, agriculture, surface mining and
forestry.
- The most noticeable effect is the elimination and destruction of land.

 DEFORESTATION – act of consequence of slashing down or burning all the

trees in an area. Also the permanent destruction of forests in order to make land
available for other uses.
- According to the Earth Observatory, the single most direct cause of
deforestation is conversion of forestry to cropland and pasture. Other
causes include urbanization and infrastructure expansion.
-
 CLIMATE CHANGE –The shift in the planet’s weather patterns or average
temperatures. On the other hand, Global Warming refers to the rise in average
surface temperatures on Earth.

 DEPLETION OF NATURAL RESOURCES. The consumption of a resource

faster than it can be replenished,
- Drought and Water Scarcity/Crisis. Drought is a period of dry
weather, especially a long one that is injurious to crops. Water
Scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet
water needs within a region.

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NATURE AND PHILOSOPHY

He was the first metaphysician. By drawing the map of the
world, he was the first geographer. But above all, by boldly
ANAXIMANDER speculating about the universe, he broke with the ancient image
of the celestial vault and became the discoverer of the Western
world-picture.
The universe is a living embodiment of nature’s order, harmony,
and beauty.
PYTHAGORAS He sees our relationship with the universe involving;
BIOPHILIA – love of other living things
COSMOPHILIA – love of other living beings.
Beauty is ultimately a symbol of morality (goodness);
He believes that the orderliness o nature and the harmony of
IMMANUEL KANT nature with our faculties guide us into a deeper religious
perspective.

Humanity had dominated nature.

HERBERT There can only be change if we will change our attitude towards
MARCUSE our perception of the environment.

A socio-environmental thinker.
According to him, the relationship between the human organism
and its environment can be understood neither as a determinism
where all the causality lies on the side of the environment by
HERBERT MEAD organism. There are affinities of Mead’s theory to the thinking of
early conservationists. Mead’s theory could, therefore, provide
the foundation for contemporary claims about the obligation of
human communities to multiple forms of ecology. He added,
human don’t only have rights to nature, but duties as well.

CARE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT CONTRIBUTES

TO HEALTH, WELL-BEING, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

“Healthy people are those who live in healthy homes on a healthy diet; in an
environment equally fit for birth, growth, work, healing, and dying, healthy people need
no bureaucratic interference to mate, give birth, share the human condition, and die.” –
Ivan Illich

A. GREEN REVOLUTION
 A movement to boost food production through:
a. The launching of high-yield crop varieties.
b. The use and treatment of fertilizers and pesticides.
c. The application of advanced agricultural techniques (mechanization).
 Objective: to eliminate or at the very least, reduce hunger by further enriching
crop performance.
 Dr. Norman Ernest Borlaug is considered as the father of Green Revolution.
 The need for Green Revolution: a) Continuous increase in population; b) food
shortage; c) high cost of population; and environmental problems.
 According to Thomas Malthus (1798), the number of people always increases
faster than the food supplies and that eventually the world would be unable to
feed its people. When that point is reached, nature would impose her own checks
on further growth in the form of diseases, famines, and wars.
 Green Revolution is a Promise of Hope for the following Reasons:
1. Hunger Reduction/Elimination
2. Intensify food production
3. For technological knowledge
4. Availability of materials to local farmers

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5. Strengthen and improve global carrying capacity.

 BIOTECHNOLOGY – The Next Green Revolution

 Supports farmers produce higher yields on less land as compares to
conventional plant breeding
 More precise state of the art farming technology
 Farming methods/practices becomes less time consuming.

B. WASTE REDUCTION
A. REDUCE – reduction means to make something smaller by using something less
often ensuing in a smaller quantity of waste.
- Buying things as needed; not as wanted.
- Conservation of resources.
B. REUSE – means to use an item again more than once.
- 2 types; Conventional (reusing a product on the same purpose) and
Creative Reuse (using products by different functions).
C. RECYCLE – transforming or converting materials/waste into reusable items. It
subjects objects through a process or treatment that permits them to be used
again, usually for a different purpose.
- It is the breaking down of second-hand, old items to create raw
materials for the construction of new products.
- Recycling process: a) Collection and Segregation, b) Processing
and Remanufacturing, and Purchase and use.
- Benefits of recycling: a) Monetary Benefits, b) management of
Resources, c) energy reduction, d) Community Development, e)
Provision of Work, and f) Ecological Security.

Proceed to pages 16-20 for Lesson 2 Activities (Activity 2.1-2.4) before

proceeding to next lesson.

LESSON 3. INTERSUBJICTIVITY

“When little people are overwhelmed by big emotions, it’s our job to share our calm, not
join their chaos.” – L.R. Knost
Learning Objectives:
a. Identify and appreciate the value of people despite the differences whether in
terms of physical or emotional capabilities or disabilities.
b. Explain that authentic dialogue means accepting others even if they are different
from themselves.

 INTERSUBJICTIVITY
- A term used in Philosophy, psychology, sociology, and anthropology to represent
the psychological relation between people and their shared understanding.
- Manifested on how we accept others and their “differences”.
- How we accept other’s thought, ideas, and opinions even though it is the exact
opposite of our own viewpoints and how we treat those who called PWDs or
Persons with disabilities and those whom we consider as “different”. Accepting
others by their differences is further developed by connecting it with the act of
loving (basic elements of love: Care, Responsibility, respect, and knowledge).
- Also refers to the basic feature of one’s existence and its relation to others.
-

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 Here are some Talents of persons with disabilities and those from the
underprivileged sectors of society and their contributions to society:
A. ON PWD’s
1. CHRISTOPHER REEVE – known as “Superman”. In 1995, he became paralyzed
from the neck down following a horse-riding accident. He lived the remaining part
of his life confined to a wheelchair. He nonetheless supported research to help
those in similar situations like him, victims of spinal-cord injuries.
“I think a hero is an ordinary who finds the strength to persevere and endure in
spite of overwhelming obstacles. They are the real heroes, and so are the
families and friends who have stood by them". C. Reeve

2. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT – He was stricken with polio when he was nearly

forty years of age. The disease dramatically limited his ability to use his legs.
During that time, he was already an accomplished politician. In 1932, he was
elected President of the United States of America.
“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” F. Roosevelt

3. LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN – he began to lose his hearing in his 20’s when he
was an aspiring composer. He faced and overcame depression. Most of his
renowned works written after he was almost fully deaf. He is now regarded as a
famous and influential composer.
“Music is the mediator between the spiritual and the sensual life”. L.V. Beethoven

4. HELLEN KELLER – as a child, she had severe illness that made her unable to
hear or see. Amazingly, despite her condition, she turned out to be a celebrated
author, speaker, and activist for the deaf and blind.
“The best and most beautiful things in this world cannot be seen or even heard,
but must be felt with the heart.
- H. Keller

5. FERNANDO KABIGTING – in 1999, he had a stroke and paralyze his right hand
and blinded his left eye. With determination and right attitude, he learned to
maximize the use of his left hand. His career as an artist continued to prosper
and had solo exhibitions both here and abroad. He derived more meaning form
the act of painting now that he must struggle.

6. APOLINARIO MABINI – “dakilang lumpo”. At the prime age of thirty he was

struck with disability. He had an illness that paralyzed his legs. It however did not
stop him from showing his courage in the midst of revolutionary exigency during
his time. He had great contributions in the cause of the country’s freedom.
“A nation will perish because not of evil men but of good men who just watch and
did nothing.” – A. Mabini

7. JESSICA COX – She was born without arms. But her attitude is truly remarkable
and inspiring. She can drive a car, lay the piano, go scuba-diving and practice
taekwondo, all with just the use of her feet. Most stunning of all is that she is the
first armless person to obtain a pilot’s license.
“My message is that disabilities are not limited to physical. They shouldn’t stand
in the way of success, there’s no handicap to success.” – J. Cox
8. RAYMOND MARTIN – He was eighteen of age when he made as the fits ever
Filipino-American to win multiple gold medals. What’s interesting to note is that
he is an athlete but he was born with Freeman Sheldon Syndrome. He started to
race using his wheelchair as early as his pre-school days. He joined the 2012
Paralympics bringing pride and glory to his countrymen.
He concluded, “Anything is possible, if you out your mind to it.
It just needs a little bit of determination, a little bit of hope.”

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 SH_Philo 1_ Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

B. ON UNDERPRIVELEGED SECTORS OF SOCIETY. As mentioned, not all are

“gifted” with the so-called “normality’s” of life. Some are born with physical and/or
intellectual irregularities. Others are a product of accident or illness. But aside
from all these, there are also others who belong to the purported
“underprivileged” sector of the society. Commonly referred to as:
a. Disadvantaged e. Hard-up
b. Deprived f. Neglected
c. Poor g. Unfortunate
d. Needy

However, they may be a differently-abled person but some of them show remarkable
contributions and inspired so many by rising above adversities

C. ON THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN.

 AUTHENTIC DIALOGUE-acceptance of others even if they are different from

themselves.
 MARTIN BUBER – an Israeli Jewish philosopher who form an
existentialism centered philosophy of dialogue on the distinction
between the I-Thou relationship and the I-It relationship.
|
I - IT RELATONSHIP
I – THOU RELATIONSHIP
 I –subject  I – Subject
 Thou – another subject  It – A person treated as an
 Has recognition and object; depicts separateness,
appreciation existing disconnectedness, and
between two individuals. It detachment.
pronounces a direct, mutual  I – It relationship on the other
relationship in which each hand values self-
individual substantiates the consciousness. It describes a
other person as being a utilitarian relationship in which
unique value. a person uses others but
does not value them for
themselves.

Proceed to pages 21-24 for Lesson 3 Activities (Activity 3.1-3.3).

---end of lessons---

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 SH_Philo 1_ Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

LESSON 1 ACTIVITIES. (THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT)

Note: 1. If the space is not enough, use the back portion.

Name: _______________________ (Signature above your name)

Date Accomplished: _________

Activity 1.1. WORD HUNT (30 pts.). Read the statements carefully, encircle your
answer and write it on the spaces provided after the number. Two points for correct
answer and was encircled in the box.

A P P R O A C T B U O D C I D O H T E M C N S
D S E N S I T I V E S O G L L M A G A A O A S
E H J I U Y T R S E W P O D E P E N D E N C E
B V E G E T A B L I E S I E N D A Y A N S K N
A E H U N Q K S T A S H U A L M O A G D C W E
H G O Q X W N O R L C E C D T O P H Q I I A V
T E V Z X E T H A A E Y N A A F K A D D E Q I
A T T Z T R Y N O L T S L E O O A H A A N W G
E A C O N C E R N H E K O K G R T A Y W E O R
D T Q E T O P T C N F D K U L O P D U A Z L O
O I W S I P T A T W A A G A L A E P L Q X E F
G V E T A N A I Z Q A E D B U R N D A I N S Y
S E A H I G E R E R F R W E R E E D I L Y O S
I R S T E N I R T C O D C I H P R O M O L Y H
P U R H C O N T R Q Z X W I D A E T X O R U I
P S S E N E T U L O S E R E D T O R R E L U P

1. Free us from anger and bitterness. 1. _________________

2. Ability to feel and experience and perceive 2. _________________
things. 3. _________________
3. Body and soul are united. 4. _________________
4. Act as the real actuality of the body. 5. _________________
5. Giving observed things a meaning. 6. _________________
6. Doubted things should be related to test if 7. _________________
it is real. 8. _________________
7. Hindu’s absolute truth. 9. _________________
10. _________________
8. An act of being true of ourselves.
11. _________________
9. Limitations that we are aware of.
12. _________________
10. The act of faith. 13. _________________
11. Seeking approval to others. 14. _________________
12. Having extreme fear to meet of face. 15. _________________
13. Sensitive regard for fairness or justice.
14. Man’s readiness to be called by
conscience.
15. The end of breath.

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 SH_Philo 1_ Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

Name: _______________________ (Signature above your name)

Date Accomplished: _________

Activity 1.2. Complete the chart below (20 Pts).

a. Put great care in understanding the nature of the venues or places where you
are in before writing your responses. 10 points

VENUE Things that I can Do Things that I cannot Do

At home with your parents.

While in church attending

mass.

At school classroom while

class is going on.

At the movie theatre while

screening is going on

b. Write what you have identified as your own limitations. Make an action plan
towards transcendence with specific course action to be taken. 10 points

PLAN TOWARDS TRANSCENDENCE / COPING-UP

MY LIMITATIONS
MECHANISM

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 SH_Philo 1_ Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

Name: _______________________ (Signature above your name) Date

Accomplished: _________

ACTIVITY 1.3. SHORT ANSWER RESPONSE (25 Pts.). Read and explain the
context 3-6 sentences only below. Write your answer on the space provide. (5)
points for each number.
1. Discuss how the human body is use as a communication instrument between the
soul and the outside world.

2. Define transcendence using your own words. Give 2 examples.

3. Do you believe that desires/pleasure causes sufferings? Yes/No. Why?

4. In the table provided, choose 8 from the 12 identified limitations and explain how
the limitations will be solved /overcome.

5. Philippines is still affected by the Pandemic; COVID-19. What is lacking to our

community and government? How limitations should be addressed? Elaborate
your answer.

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 SH_Philo 1_ Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

LESSON 2 ACTIVITIES. THE HUMAN PERSON IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT

Note: If the space is not enough, use the back portion.

Name: _______________________ (Signature above your name)

Date Accomplished: _________

Activity 2.1. Crossword Puzzle (15 Pts). Read the statement and complete the puzzle
below. Use capital letters only. One point for each correct answer.
6.
6.
1. 2. 3. 5.
7.
5.

2. 4.

4.

3.

DOWN ACROSS
1. Transforming materials into 1. Make something smaller
items. 2. Rise in average surface
2. Period of dry weather. temperature
3. Love of other living beings. 3. Ecological feminism
4. Social ecology 4. Value system that is focused
5. Love of other living things. on technology.
6. Act of slashing down or burning 5. People-centered
all the trees in an area. 6. Environnement
7. Nature-centered 7. Process that triggers the soil
8. Deep ecology façade to deteriorate.

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 SH_Philo 1_ Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

Name: _______________________ (Signature above your name)

Date Accomplished: _________

Activity 2.2. BRUSH UP. Brush Up (30 Pts). Read and explain the context 3-6
sentences only below. Write your answer on the space provide. Five (5) points for
each number.
1. Define environment using own word using the provided letters.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

2. Do you think technology can save our environment? Yes, or No. Why? Elaborate
your answer.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

3. How humans regard the environment? Explain. In what way/s are your answer/s
negative or positive?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

4. Discuss the effect of increasing population to our environment.

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

5. Besides the positive contribution of Green Revolution, what is/are the possible
disadvantage/s of it to our community? Discuss thoroughly.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

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 SH_Philo 1_ Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

6. Identify your most observed environmental problems in your community. How did the
government respond to it? Are you satisfied or not to the LGU’s respond/actions?
Why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

Name: _______________________ (Signature above your name)

Date Accomplished: _________

Activity 2.3. Interview. Interview your parents about their actual and ground
experiences and observations through the years and have seen the difference about the
environment before and now. Use the guide table below and after the interview,
construct a poem as your analysis on the results of the interview.
1. Guide table

Basic Question What is present then and What do you think is the
what is absent now? reason why this happened?

Can you recall the

environment that you
have when you were
age 10-16? Do you
still have clean rivers,
clear brooks, trees
and rice fields?

What were the things

that you like doing
when you were
young?

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 SH_Philo 1_ Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

What are the positive

and negative changes
in the environment
now?

Do you think the

environment played a
big role in your
development as a
person?

2. After the interview, construct a poem as an analysis on the results of the interviews
What are the specific changes in the environment that you have noted in the interview?
(Use the space below)
 Format: 4-5 Stanzas, 4 lines each stanza, rhyme, and Filipino or English
Criteria:
Content 30
Creativity 15
Organization of Thought 5
Total 50 pts

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 SH_Philo 1_ Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

Name: _______________________ (Signature above your name)

Date Accomplished: _________
Activity 2.4. Poster Making. Theme: “Technology; Instrument of destruction”. Use
the space below.
Criteria:
Cleanliness/Orderliness 5
Creativity 20
Message 20
Impact 5
Total 50 pts

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 SH_Philo 1_ Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

LESSON 3 ACITIVITES.
Note: If the space is not enough, use the back portion.

Name: _______________________ (Signature above your name)

Date Accomplished: _________

Activity 3.1. BRUSH UP (60 Pts). Read and explain the context 3-6 sentences only
below. Write your answer on the space provide. Five (5) points for each number.
1. Differentiate I-It relationship from I-Thou relationship in your own words.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
__.

2. What help are you going to offer to the following;

a. Street Children.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________.
b. Person with disabilities
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.
c. Old-aged people
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.

d. Poor/indigent
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.

e. Oppressed/victim of harassment
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

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 SH_Philo 1_ Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.

f. Academically disadvantaged
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.

4. Assuming that you had past relationship/s, what advice are you going to give to
those who are searching for their romantic partner?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
__.

5. Define inter subjectivity on your own words. How important it is to our current
situation being affected by pandemic, COVID-19? Elaborate your answer.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
__.

6. With the current situation of our nation, what does Filipino need to lessen or
totally defeat the deadly corona virus? Explain.
________________________________________________________________
___________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

7. What can you say about the closing of the ABS-CBN? Do you believe that there
are employees who are victims of oppression?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
__.

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 SH_Philo 1_ Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

8. Evaluate President Duterte’s SAP and CAMP Program in response to those

underprivileged people who are affected by COVID-19. Rate it from 1-10 (1 as
the lowest and 10 as the highest). Justify your rating.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.

Name: _______________________ (Signature above your name)

Date Accomplished: _________

Activity 3.2. Reaction Paper (30 Pts). (150-300 words only) Use the space below.
Note: There must be an introduction, Body, and Conclusion.
Criteria:
Content 25Pts
Organization of thought 5Pts
TOTAL 30 Pts
 “We are responsible for more than what becomes of us; we are also
responsible for what becomes of others.”

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 SH_Philo 1_ Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

Name: _______________________ (Signature above your name)

Date Accomplished: _________

Activity 3.3. Poster Making (50 Pts). Theme: “FRONLINERS; 21st Century’s Hero”.
Use the space provided below.
Criteria:
Cleanliness/Orderliness 5
Creativity 20
Message 20
Impact 5
Total 50 pts

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