1

CHAPTER

Overview and
Evolution of
Entrepreneurship
 Learning Outcomes

At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:

 Explain the definitions of entrepreneurship,

intrapreneurship and technopreneurship

 Describe the similarities and differences between

entrepreneurship and technopreneurship

 Differentiate the entrepreneurial and techpreneurial

processes.

 Discuss technopreneurship development in the

Philippines and Asia.
 Introduction

“The entrepreneurial mystique? It’s not magic, it’s

not mysterious and it has nothing to do with the
genes. It is a discipline. And like any discipline, it
can be learned.”
Peter Drucker
 Definition

“Entrepreneurship is a firm that operates and implements

a combination of new activities, such as product
development, marketing, resources for raw materials, a
manufacturing approach, and new organizational
structure.”

Schumpeter (1934)

“Entrepreneurship as activities that produce beneficial

results through developing profit-oriented businesses.”

Cole (1969)
Entrepreneurship seeks to understand how
opportunities to create something new arise and are
discovered or created by specific persons who then use
various means to exploit or develop them, thus
producing a wide range of effects.

The potential to create something new (new products or services,

new markets, new production processes, new raw materials, new
ways of organizing existing technologies, etc.) that has emerged
from a complex pattern of changing conditions-changes in
knowledge, technology, or economic, political, social, and
demographic conditions.
Examples

An elderly woman who enjoys cooking and entertaining in her

home decides to offer her services to parties and become a
part time caterer.

After a few years of working as an auto mechanic, a young

woman comes up with the idea of processing old automotive
parts and creating borders for flower gardens.

After serving many years in the Marine Corps, a retired officer

develops the idea of purchasing old amphibious vehicles from
the government and using them to start a company that offers
tours of wilderness areas.
 Entrepreneur
Who is an Entreprenuer?

• Someone who establishes a new entity to offer a new

or existing product or service into a new or existing
market, whether for a profitable or a non-profitable
outcome.
 Definition (cont.)

The word entrepreneur comes from Latin. Entre-enter; pre-before; neur-

nerve center. Taking its derivation we could understand entrepreneur as
someone who enters the nerve center of a business that no one entered
before and then makes changes to it that results in a paradigm shift in the
whole process.

An entrepreneur is the one who is willing to take risk in any business

endeavor.

Entrepreneurship is the art of finding an opportunity and then pursuing it

to success. As a saying goes "brilliant people also see the same things that
others do but they observe things that others don't." It is the same with
entrepreneurs also. They come out with ideas that others don't think about
and that is why they become successful.
 Definition (cont.)

Who Is An Intrapreneur?

• Individuals in organizations who have high

entrepreneurial characteristics.

• Generally, it is individuals with entrepreneurial

characteristics who practice their ideas on the
company’s products.
 Definition (cont.)

Who is a Technopreneur?

• An entrepreneur whose business involves high technology.

• It refers to technology-savvy entrepreneurs who adopt cutting-
edge technology, in addition to the Internet’s potential, in
developing, deploying and delivering services and solutions
that have given rise to new business models, revenues and
economic growth.
• It is simply entrepreneurship in a technology-intensive
context.
• It is a process of merging technology prowess and
entrepreneurial talent and skills.
 Technopreneurship is not just about technology alone; but
is about how to manage that technology in order to achieve
superior value for the customer (how to use technology [ICT]
to improve value).

 Also known as cyberpreneurship or netpreneurship or

technology entrepreneurship.
Similarities Between
Entrepreneurship and
Technopreneurship
Differences Between
Entrepreneurship and
Technopreneurship
 Characteristics of Successful
Entrepreneurs

(1) Desire for independence and a strong sense of initiative.

(2) Motivated by personal and family considerations
(3) React quickly to change
(4) Dedicated to their businesses
 Types of Technology
Entrepreneurship

Two Types of Technology Entrepreneurship

(1) Technology developers

- those who develop a unique technology capable of
driving a new business (inventors)

(2) Technology users

- those who see a new technology development and
understand how it can be applied to meet a market need
(innovators)
 Differentiation of Entrepreneurial
and Technopreneurial Processes

Entrepreneurial Process
 Differentiation of Entrepreneurial
and Technopreneurial Processes
(cont.)
Technopreneurial Process
 An Overview of
Technopreneurship Development
Technopreneurship Development in Asia
• In late 1980, the Natural Computer Board of Singapore
was established to spearhead the promotion of IT usage
in all sectors of the economy.

• The development of TradeNet by the country was the

first in the world.

• TradeNet is an electric data interchange system that

enables an exporter and an importer to file customs
documentation electronically.
 An Overview of
Technopreneurship Development
(cont.)
Technopreneurship Development in Asia (cont.)
• Technopreneurship started with the acquisition of IBM
by China’s Lenovo in 2004 and the acquisition of
Thomson by the China-based television manufacturer
TCL Multimedia.

• In this new era, development of technopreneurship in

the country is mainly on social media applications to
utilisation of big data analytics for smart city
applications.