Assignment No.

01 (Solution)

Context Level DFD

Voucher Slip
Admission System

forms & merit list

Accommodation system
Deposit Bank
Accommodation Form

Student vouchers
submit Dues

Level 0 DFD

Check Applied for

forms & merit list
Accomodation
Admission System
student File

List of Students
Vouchers slip

Bank
Application form Allocation
Update File

Vouchers Hostel
Allocation File

Student

Deposit

submit Dues Due Deposits

 Level 1 DFD
Student File

Student Record
Check for Applied
forms & merit list
Admission System Student
Hostel
Allocation file
List of available allocation

List of Students

update allocation file

Voucher slip
Application form Accmd

Top positions
Cubicle allocation Cubicle data

other allocation data

Lower positions Other allocation

Student

Check Mess
Allocation details
option

details of allocation

Voucher slip

Voucher Issue vouchers

Dues Deposit Deposit Bank

Submit Dues

Note: Diagrams are made in MS Visio

Rules for DFD
Context Level DFD:
 Shows the overall business process as just one process
 Shows all the outside entities that receive information from or contribute information to
the system
 Main data flows depicted
 No internal data stores are shown

Level 0 Diagram
 Shows all the processes that comprise the overall system
 Shows how information moves from and to each process
 Adds data stores

Level 1 Diagrams
  Shows all the processes that comprise a single process on the level 0 diagram
 Shows in more detail the content of higher level process
 Level 1 diagram may not be needed for all level 0 processes

External Entities
 Receive info from system
 Trigger system into motion
 Provide new information to system
 Like Customers, managers. Not clerks or other staff who simply move data

Data Stores
 Internal to the system
 Include in system if the system processes transform the data like Store, Add, Delete,
Update
 Data stores can come in many forms
 Hanging file folders
 Computer-based files
 Notebooks
 Data cannot be moved directly from one store to another
 Data cannot move directly from an outside source to a data store
 Data cannot move directly from a data store to a data sink
 Data store has a noun phrase label

Data Flows
Data in motion, moving from one place to another in the system
 From external entity (source) to system
 From system to external entity (sink)
 From internal symbol to internal symbol, but always either start or end at a
process
 A data flow has a noun phrase label
 A data flow to a data store means update

Processes
 Always internal to system
 Must have at least 1 input data flow (to avoid miracles)
 Must have at least 1 output data flow (to avoid black holes)
 Should have sufficient inputs to create outputs (to avoid gray holes)
 Perform computations (e.g., calculate grade point average)
 Sort, filter or otherwise summarize data (identify overdue invoices)
 Organize data into useful information (e.g., generate a report)
 Activate other processes
 Use stored data (create, read, update or delete a record)
General Rules for DFD
 Inputs to a process are always different than outputs
 Objects always have a unique name