School of Advanced Sciences

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Mid Term Test (MTT)
B.Tech – Fall Semester-2020-21
Course: PHY1701- Engineering Physics
Time : 90 mins Max Marks: 60
Part – A (10x 6 = 60)
Answer all Questions

What is the UV catastrophe, what is the cause of it, and how did 2+2+2 CO1
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Planck’s law overcome it?

Explain the Compton scattering using diagram and derive the 6 CO1
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Compton shift formula
(a) Determine the de Broglie wavelength of an electron that has 3+3 CO1
been accelerated through a potential difference of 100 V.
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(b) What is the ratio of the kinetic energy of an electron to that of a
proton if their de Broglie wavelengths are equal?

4 Prove that the energy of particle inside an infinite potential well is 6 CO2
quantized
A particle is moving in one-dimensional box with infinite potential 6 CO2
height and width 10 nm. What is the probability of finding the
5 particle in the middle of the box at an interval 1 nm at its least
energy state?

Derive the expression for Numerical Aperture and fraction change 6 CO6
6 in refractive index of an optical fiber.

Describe the type of dispersion in an optical fiber? Mention the 3+3 CO6
7 different cause for dispersion?

A step-index fiber has a core index of refraction of n1 = 1.5. The 2+2+2 CO6
cut-off angle for light entering the fiber from air is found to be 10.
(a) What is the numerical aperture of the fiber? (b) What is the
8 index of refraction of the cladding of this fiber? (c) If the fiber were
submersed in water, what would be the new numerical aperture and
cut-off angle?

9 Compare LED with laser diode? Define Population inversion of 3+3 CO7
laser diode with neat diagram?
 (a) Determine the maximum value of the energy gap which is a 3+3 CO7
semiconductor, used as a photoconductor, can have if it is to be
sensitive to yellow light (600 nm).
(b) A photodetector whose area is 5 x 10-2 cm2 is irradiated with
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yellow light whose intensity is 20 mW cm-2. Assuming that each
photon generates one electron-hole pair, calculate the number of
pairs generated per second.
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No more ultraviolet catastrophe

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There are two major types of dispersion in fiber-optics
❑ Intermodal
❑ Intramodal
Intermodal
❖ Dispersion caused by multipath propagation of light energy is referred to as
intermodal dispersion.
❖ Different modes will travel with different propagation angles, hence these modes
takes different routes but travel with the same velocity, but at the end of fiber they
come at different timings.
❖ This causes pulse widening
❖ Signal degradation occurs due to different values of group delay for each
individual mode at a single frequency

Intramodal
❑ Pulse broadening within a single mode is called as intramodal dispersion or chromatic
dispersion.
❑ Since this phenomenon is wavelength dependent and group velocity is a function of
wavelength, it is also called as group velocity dispersion (GVD).
❑ Two types: 1) Material dispersion 2) Waveguide dispersion

Material dispersion
❑ It is the pulse spreading due to the dispersive properties of material.
❑ It arises from variation of refractive index of the core material as a function of
wavelength.

Waveguide dispersion
❑ It occurs because a single mode fiber confines only about 80% of the optical power to the
core.
❑ Dispersion thus arises since the 20% light propagating in the cladding travels faster than
light confined to the core.
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a = 7.5

9 LED vs Laser diode

Semiconductor Diode Laser LED

Stimulated radiation Spontaneous radiation

narrow line width broad spectral

coherent incoherent

higher output power lower output power

a threshold device no threshold current

Population inversion
When p-n junction diode is forward biased, then there will be injection of electrons into the
conduction band along n-side and production of more holes in valence band along p-side of the
junction. Thus, there will be more number of electrons in conduction band comparable to valence
band, so population inversion is achieved.

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