REPORTERS:

JODELYN VENANCIO
WILLJHAN DELA CRUZ
HISTORY OF SPECIAL EDUCATION

JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU - PUBLISHES HIS “Emile” A BOOK ABOUT EDUCATION OF CHILDREN

CHARLES MICHEL L’Epee - FOUNDED THE FIRST PUBLIC SCHOOL FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN FRANCE

VALENTIN HAUY - FOUNDED THE FIRST SCHOOL FOR EDUCATION OF BLIND PEOPLE

JEAN MARC GASPARD ITARD - USE DIFFERENT METHODS IN ORDER TO EDUCATE DISABLED CHILDREN

1817 - AMERICAN SCHOOL FOR DEAF

 The American School for the Deaf id founded in Hartford, Connecticut. This was the first school for disabled
children anywhere in the Western Hemisphere.

1832 - PERKINS INSTITUTION FOR BLIND OPENS

 The Perkin Institution was founded in Boston, Massachusetts. This institution the first of its kind for people with
mental disabilities. Participants were required to live and learn there, just like a boarding school.

1840 - LAW MANDATING COMPULSORY EDUCATION

 Rhode Island passed a law mandating compulsory education for all children. Compulsory education is education
in which children are required by law to receive and for governments to provide.

1864 - COLUMBIA INSTITUTION

 Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind was allowed to grant college degrees by the U.S.
Congress. It was the first college in the world established for people with disabilities.

1870 - ASSOCIATION OF INSTRUCTORS OF THE BLIND

 The school for the Deaf and the School for the Blind offer comprehensive educational programs for hearing
impaired and visually impaired students.

1896 - PLESSY VS. FERGUSON

 The Supreme Court upheld the Louisan separate car act. Though this is not directly related to education, this did
set the precedence of separate but equal.

1919 - BEATTIE V. BOARD OF EDUCATION

 Special needs students were expelled from school due to facial abnormalities and drooling. The students mental
capacities were fine, but teachers and fellow students were nauseated by this student physical conditions.

1922 - COUNCIL FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN

 The Council for Exceptional Children is the first advocacy group for children with disabilities. The CEC is one of
the largest special education advocacy groups. The main objective of this group is to ensure that children with
special needs receive FAPE.
 1933 - CUHAYOGA COUNCIL FOR RETARTED CITIZENS

 A Parental Advocacy Group composed of five mothers of children with mental retardation who came to
Cuyahoga, Ohio to protest their children’s exclusion from public schools. This lead to the establishment of a
special class for the children, even though the parents sponsored it.

1943 - CLASSIFICATION OF AUTISM

 The classification of Autism was introduced by Dr. Leo Lanner of John Hopkins University.

1950 - NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

 The National Association for Retarded Citizens came about. NARC was formed by 23 individual advocacy groups
that had the same belief so they came together as one. During the passing of IDEA, the NARC consisted of over
200,000 members. NARC helped with litigation and making sure that all parts of the judicial process were met.

1954 - BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION

 A landmark court case that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson case saying that “Separate is not equal”. This court
case brought attention to black v. white’s in school and special need students v. general education students. This
case encouraged the formation of many advocacy groups to inform the public of need of special education
programs.

1965 - ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT

 The ESEA did not make it law to educate students with disabilities but it did give grants to state school sand
institutions that put into place programs to educate students with disabilities.

1971 - Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

 Sided in favor of students with intellectual and learning disabilities in state-run institutions. PARC v. Penn called
for students with disabilities to be places in publicly funded school settings that met their individual educational
needs, based on a proper and through evaluatio

1972 - First Center for Independent Living Opens

 This center was made at UC Berkley by Ed Roberts to support the needs of individuals with disabilities so they
can live independently and away from nursing homes and other institutions.

1973 - SECTION 504

  Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act allows protection from discrimination of special needs and disabilities. Tis
law is considered the first law giving protection to students with special needs. This law includes FAPE and LRE.
Students are eligible when they have either a physical or mental disability that inhibits their learning experienc.

1975 - EDUCATION FOR ALL HANDICAPPED CHILDREN ACT

 Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) means that with a student’s IEP , they must also be in as many regular
education classes as possible. This ensures that the student has social experiences. In LRE classrooms paras and
aids are usually required.

1982 - Board of Ed. Of HHCD V. Rowley

 A landmark case that designed the Rowley Two-Part test in determining whether FAPE is being met according to
a student IEP. The two part test consists of questions asking if the school fulfilled the procedures of IDEA and “is
the IEP developed through the procedures of the act”. If these two questions are answered correctly, then FAPE
and IDEA have been met.
 1986 - Handicapped Children’s Protection Act

 Signed by Ronald Regan the Handicapped Children’s Protection Act was a law that gave parents of children with
disabilities more say in the development of their child’s Individual Education Plan (IEP)

1990 - Americans with Disabilities Act

 The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law by President George W. Bush. The act promises people
with special needs will have the same rights as everybody else. This includes both school and work. This act also
stated that people with special needs cannot be discriminated against in schools, the workplace, and everyday
society such as public transportation.

1990- IDEA

 The individuals with disabilities Education Act was also signed into law by George W. Bush. This law includes 6
pillars: FAPE, LRE, IEP, evaluation, parent/student participation, and all procedural safeguards for participants.
This law also has 4 sections.

2002 - No Child Left Behind Act

 No Child Left Behind was signed into law by President George W. Bush. This law states that all students should
be proficient in math and reading by 2014. This law had some states asking to not be part of it. Some schools
have been caught falsifying scores while others took it seriously and reported if they were not proficient.

2004 - IDEA REAUTHORIZED

 The re-authorization of IDEA made many changes to the original. The changes include the IEP, due process, and
student discipline.