Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Need and Assessment of Counselling at Se
Need and Assessment of Counselling at Se
SECONDARY LEVEL
By
SAMINA NASIR
Roll No. 02
Session: 2011-15
INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION
MUZAFFARABAD
APPROVAL SHEET
It is certify that the research project entitled “Need and Assessment of Counselling at
Secondary Level” submitted by Ms. Samina Nasir under the Roll No. 02, student of
B.Ed. (Hons.) Education, Session (2011-15), University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Supervisor Evaluator
Director
ii
DECLARATION
I Samina Nasir, D/O Mirza Nasir solemnly declared that I have done my
myself for the award of the degree of B.Ed. (Hons.) in Education under the proper
No result or table has been copied from any other source, journal or thesis.
Samina Nasir
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Praise to be Almighty Allah the most Merciful and the most Beneficial and the
Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) who is forever a torch of guidance and
No one in life can accomplish any task individually. He has always been
dependent on other. I express my gratitude to all those persons and institutions that have
This research would not have been possible without the guidance and support of the
following people.
First, I was extremely lucky in having guidance from Dr. Maleeha Nasir as a supervisor
who provided me conducive academic environment. She gave me hope and courage. I
I also offer my faithful, cordial thanks and gratitude to my seniors Adeel Azmat
,Anam Khurshid, Saima Saeed and Rizwan Rafique those provides me complete
Second, I would like to thank my friends Ayesha farooqi, Fozia younis and
Naila Akbar. I must also thank the students and faculty of private and public schools in
which I interned.
Lastly and most importantly, I would like to thank my wonderful father, brother
and sisters those love and encouragement has been the most stable part of my life these
past four hectic and demanding years. There is no doubt that they laid the foundation
Samina Nasir
B.Ed. (Hons.)
iv
ABSTRACT
school students. The study was delimited to the Public and Private Schools of
The main objectives of the study was as; (a) to identify the counseling needs of the
students at secondary level. (b) To identify the students need of educational, vocational,
facility in schools. The population of study was all the students and teachers of Public
researcher only 6 schools were selected. So as a sample 15 students from each school
It was administrated to 90 students of Grade 9th and 10th class and 30 teachers of
secondary level. Results indicate that majority of the students and teachers agreed that
Counselling facility is necessary at secondary level and this facility is not available in
their school and it is from secondary level help their future in different areas of life.
Although there were many limitation of the study (including small sample size and
crude method of sampling) even then findings are seemed acceptable according to the
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
APPROVAL SHEET……………… II
DECLARATION…………………. III
ACKNOWLEDGMENT…………… IV
ABSTRACT……………………. V
LIST OF TABLES………………. IX
1. INTRODUCTION 01
1.1 Counselling 02
1.5.1 Books 07
1.5.2 Videos 07
1.5.6 Journals 08
vi
Page
1.7.1 Counsellors 11
1.7.2 Advisors 11
1.7.4 Receptionist 11
schools
1.12. Delimitation 14
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 15
2.1 Population 15
2.2 Sample 15
2.3 Instrument 15
3. RESULTS 17
4. FINDINGS 31
vii
Page
5. CONCLUSION 34
6. RECOMMENDATIONS 35
BIBLIOGRAPHY 36
Annexure “A”
Annexure “B”
viii
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Titles
Students Response
secondary level? 17
hidden energies? 18
time. 19
me to do. 20
ix
Titles Page
Table 10. It is difficult for me to get the books that I need for study. 20
with teachers. 20
studies. 21
Table 14. I don’t know enough about the qualification need for
others 24
x
Titles Page
situations. 26
Teacher Response
school? 28
well? 28
school? 29
xi
Titles Page
Table 33. Your school have given ever any proposal higher
level? 30
xii
1. INTRODUCTION
It is an obvious fact that for an effective survival we need guidance for ourselves
and for our children. Perhaps the best definition of guidance is that offered by Johnes
(as cited in Nayak, 2004). Guidance involves personal help given by someone: It is a
designed to assist person to decide where he wants to a go, what he wants to do, when
he wants do, or how he can best accomplished his purpose. It assists him to solve
Counseling is the word which usually comes along with Guidance always or
deal with the concern or difficulties, they are experiencing. It was actually in 1963 that
the relationship between counseling and school was first officially discussed in Britain
at seminar held by the National Association for Mental Health (NAMH) under the
chairmanship of Lord James. It was agreed that many very few terms have been more
Counseling and guidance are used in school to solve the problems of students. These
problems are related to society, education and not last their own personal methods and
process sincerity, honesty and openness plays an important roles. The counselor should
be sincere, honest and should have confidence in their theory and method of counseling.
He should help the client to identify his/her potentialities and utilize the some for his
1
Counseling is related to "educational and vocational guidance but it also
concern with emotional disturbance and behavior problems. This area of counselor
work in likely to involve him or her not only with parents, or teachers but also with a
variety of outside welfare specialist in child guidance, care probation and so on (Mishra,
2004. p.312).
individually or in small groups to deal with the concern or difficulties they are
experiencing and list of problems which children of secondary school can experience
which has been adopted from Kottler and Kottler in 1993' is outlined below: Generalize
disorder, Adjustment disorder, personality disorder. In order to help the children who
are experiencing any of the above problems teachers need to develop at least basic level
1.1 Counselling
goals, in which the counsellor employs a catalogue of diverse techniques and processes,
and informed decision making in the counselee, who has the responsibility for his or
the resources, requirements, aspirations or interests of an individual and the real offer
in the field of education, training and social and vocational integration. Counselling is
2
a social service initiating a holistic, continual, flexible approach of individuals,
throughout all the phases of their lives (formal education, employment, social
jobs, family status, requalification’s, retirement etc.) and under all the significant
aspects of life and the roles taken on in school, profession, social and community life,
interests of individuals. But there the concept of guidance and counseling is in basic
stage. The scenario is quite opposite in developed countries where in educational and
career counseling is at full thrust, the students get benefit out of it. There are many
reasons for the lack of guidance and counseling facilities there such as law and order
idea. Only few educational institutions offer counseling services to students that too at
university levels. People are aware of the significance of higher education. They know
that quality education is a key to success. In fact, universities in are not enough to cater
the growing population demands and many of youth population unable to achieve their
goals. Therefore most of our talent remains unexplored and unpolished and hence lost.
The enrolment in higher education is only 26%, even in this most of the students have
no precise choice. The remaining 74% do not reach higher education and lack of
approximately suffer every year. About 41,000 students take entry test for medical
colleges but only 5,000 succeed. 70,000+ students take entry test for engineering but
only 7,200 succeed. 150,000+ students of other subjects face difficulties in the selection
3
of fields for them. Guidance becomes need of the hour for the youth. Guidance and
counseling must originate from the schools. The teachers need to be educated and
trained for this purpose. Mostly parents decide the study programs for their children
themselves and they do not decide it according to the interests and skills of their
children. Students are also not able to decide their own field of study because of
unawareness about their own personality traits and hidden talents. In this scenario,
counseling assumes greater importance and is the requirement for the development of
the country. There are lots of areas for which students require guidance. In the schools,
colleges and universities most of the students are very much desperate about their
future. There is huge number of students who don’t know about their destination and
they are moving ahead and struggling without any destination in their mind. (Guidelines
A need can be defined simply as the difference between the real and the ideal.
It is a discrepancy between “what is” and “what should be”, or between “what exists”
and “what ought to be”. Using this notion, Kaufman and English (1979) described an
educational need as the measurable distance between “where we are now” and “where
we should be”.
4
Needs assessment has been defined by Bell (1974) as the process of identifying and
analyzing needs, and placing priorities among them for the purpose of decision making.
The inception of school counseling did not occur until the beginning of the 20th
students primarily for vocational guidance purposes such as preparing students for work
after school and discussing potential careers. Frank Parsons, known as the Father of
Vocational Guidance, initiated the integration of career guidance at the grade school
level with the idea of designating specific counselor positions within the school to offer
vocational guidance (Schmidt, 2003). Therefore, school counseling was borne out of
offering career services to students. As the 20th century moved forward, academic
(Gysbers, 2001).
including the people who might work there, the tools and resources that can be made
available to students, and the process or method of career counselling. There may be
school, or other higher education facility. It is important to take into consideration the
beneficial for the center to be affiliated with related academic and/or research
school activity. This would also facilitate dialogue between members of the center and
5
Holland, Magoon, and Spokane (1981) highlight the importance of the
(c) Acquisition of some cognitive structure for organizing information about self,
research tools available as well as individuals with specialized training who are familiar
with the process of counselling. Its reflect options and possibilities. It is not necessary
to implement all of the suggestions at once in order to establish a service that provides
assistance to students. If a counselling center is just getting started, some resources and
ideas may be easier to implement while others require a greater investment of time
and/or financial resources. For example, at the beginning stages, students might learn
about job shadowing, resumes and interviews, or community members may be invited
to come as guest speakers to talk about their jobs. These tasks are easier to implement
6
1.5 Resources of Counselling
students so that they can access information independently to help them in their future
the counselling center as well as the availability of such resources. Some examples of
1.5.1 Books
The kinds of books that could be purchased include those that provide
1.5.2 Videos
Videos can be made available on various topics for students to watch. They can
observe themselves as the video is played back and learn what went well and what
offered. It is useful to have local, national and international information regarding the
7
1.5.5 Computer-based information
guidance systems. Through the internet, individuals can easily obtain career
information from around the world. In addition to the internet, there are also CD ROM
or web-based guidance systems that may be purchased. Website addresses are almost
Examples of websites
Kirk (2000) considers the changes in counselling practices due to the impact of
the Internet. Kirk provides examples of planning and job hunting websites including
the following:
www.myjobsearch.com,
www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infocecs/CRC/manualhome.html,
www.bgsu.edu/offices/careers/process/process.html
United States:www.naceweb.org/about/default.cfm
Canada:www.cacee.com/index.html
Australia: www.gradlink.edu.au/gradlink/home.asp
1.5.6 Journals
It is helpful to have journals available so that those working with students can
8
1. African Journal of Education
(Watts, A.G.; Van Esbroeck, R. 1998. New Skills for New Futures — Higher Education
Guidance and Counselling Services in the European Union. VUB Press Brussels &
FEDORA.)
9
1.6 Format of Counselling
Counselling and advising can be done in different ways including working with
students individually or in groups. When working with groups of students in the context
students so that they are comfortable with each other and feel free to contribute their
questions and comments within the group. For this type of a group that guides students
through the career exploration process, approximately three or four sessions are
recommended lasting two hours each. For workshops that are primarily focused on
terminology and training requirements of various roles. There is also a vast difference
across countries regarding the regulation and professional standards of counselling and
guidance. The terms that are utilized in this manual are not necessarily representative
across countries. The work of counsellors, advisors, and peer advisors may overlap in
many ways. Each role is defined to show the various tasks that individuals are involved
in to provide programming for students. In addition to these roles, there is also the need
for someone to perform book keeping tasks, as well as someone available with
knowledge of computers who can help to keep the computers working well.
10
1.7.1 Counsellors
development. They may also have additional training in personal counselling as well as
in group counselling. They may facilitate career development groups for students or
counsel students individually. Counsellors can assist students in various areas. Some
1.7.2 Advisors
information to individuals such as how to put together a resume and cover letter, what
to expect in a job interview, how to find a job, and how to use the resources in the
counselling center.
Peer advisors are student volunteers that have been trained to assist others in
obtaining the information that they need. They are informed about all of the center
resources available and are able to provide guidance in how to use the resources and
which materials might be most useful for each student coming into the center.
1.7.4 Receptionist
workshops.
11
1.8 Counselling Center Needs to Links with the Community
A counselling center needs to have links with the community. There are various
kinds of links involving connection with schools, employers, graduates, family and
personal friends. For example, graduates may be invited to speak to current students
about their future paths. Another example includes inviting parents to come to the
university to take a tour of the counselling center or to take part in a meeting with their
son or daughter and the counsellor. Interacting with potential employers is a key role
of many counselling centers in order to assist students to obtain work during their
training or after graduation. There are many ways to build links with the community
Parents and other family members can be an important source of support for
students making future decisions. Family members can be actively involved in assisting
with future choices. Personal friends are also possible resources for students and can
Another way of linking with the community is to visit high schools and
The present research was designed to identify the need and assessment of
12
1.10 Objectives of the study
behavioral guidance.
Psychotherapy through counseling provides opportunities for those seeking help to live
more satisfying and happy lives. When people simply need a professional to listen
people and advise them, people can turn to counseling. Counseling is a very
comprehensive concept. Its objectives is to encourage the dull and the backward child,
This study will be helpful for the students to identify their counseling needs and
problems and solve their problems through consultation of good counselor. Counseling
remediation of students problems. It is also a tool for preventing normal problems from
becoming more serious and resulting in delinquency, failure and emotional disturbance.
3. They will select their academic field according to their interest, abilities and
orientations.
13
4. It would be helpful in finding out the most problematic area of students’
disorder
1. Parents may get awareness about preferring children’s interest and aptitude.
2. They may become aware of the need and interest of their children.
1.12 Delimitation
Present study was delimited to the Public and Private schools of Muzaffarabad
city.
14
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
level. The study was descriptive in nature. Following steps were followed:
2.1 Population
The population of study was all the students and teachers of Public and Private
2.2 Sample
population.
A random sample of 90 students (from 9th & 10th classes) and 30 teachers was
taken on the convenient basis from available students on the particular days of visit.
2.2 Instrument
light of literature review and by the consultation of the advisor of the study, researcher
derived a need assessment questionnaire. Five areas of needs were identified as,
education needs, vocational needs, social needs, emotional needs, and behavioral needs
15
and also need of counselling at secondary level. Statements indicating deficiency of
that needs were devised. Many statements related to all five areas were constructed.
statement was also conducted for teachers. For responses instructions with example
were prepared verbally and students and teachers were asked to check the statements
The researcher personally visited the sample schools and distributed the
questionnaire among the students for this purpose researcher face many difficulties
because the students were not aware about the study as well about the tool of the study.
But researcher was successful in the collecting the questionnaire from students.
After the collection of the data it was tabulated, analyses and interpreted in the form
16
3. RESULTS
Students’ responses
The above table revealed that all of the students agreed that counselling facility is
necessary at secondary level. It is evident from the data out of 90 students 90(100%)
agreed.
Table 2. Counselling facility is available in your school? If yes it’s practically work
good?
The above table revealed that all of the students disagree that counselling facility is not
available in their school. It is obvious from the data out of 90 students 90(100%) agreed.
17
Table 3. Do you think counseling from secondary level help your future career?
The above table revealed that all of the students agreed that counselling from secondary
level help their future. It is evident from the data out of 90 students 90(100%) agreed.
Table 4. Do you think individual or group counseling will help you to define your
future goals?
The above table revealed that all of the students agreed that individual or group
counseling will help them to define their future goals. It is evident from the data out of
Table 5. Do you think parent, teacher meetings boost your hidden energies?
The above table revealed that majority of the students agreed that parents, teacher
meetings boost their hidden energies. It is evident from the data out of 90 students 56
18
Table 6. I can’t read fast enough to complete my studies in time.
The above table revealed that out of 90 students 21 (23.33%) agreed that they can’t read
fast enough to complete their studies in time. While 69 (76.66%) students did not agree
The above table exposed that out of 90 students 34 (37.77%) agreed that, they can’t
write fast enough to complete their work in time. While 56 (62.22%) students did not
The above table discovered that out of 90 students 37 (41.11%) agreed that they don’t
know proper method of studies. While 53 (58.88%) students did not agree with this
statement.
19
Table 9. I can’t do as well in my studies as other people expect me to do.
The above table revealed that out of 90 students 60 (66.66%) agreed that, they can’t do
as well in their studies as other people expect them to do. While 30 (33.33%) students
Table 10. It is difficult for me to get the books that I need for study.
The above table exposed that out of 90 students 11 (12.22%) agreed that it is difficult
for them to get the books that they need for study. Whereas 79 (87.77%) students did
Table 11. It is difficult for me to get enough confidence to talk with teachers.
The above table shown that out of 90 students 34 (37.77%) agreed that it is difficult for
them to get enough confidence to talk with teachers. While 56 (62.22%) students did
20
Table 12. Even though I force myself my attention will not remain on my
The above table shown that out of 90 students 43 (47.77%) agreed that, Even though
they force themselves, their attention will not remain on their assignment long enough
to finish them. While 47 (52.22%) students did not agree with this statement.
Table 13. I worry to mush about what my future will be after my studies.
The above table revealed that out of 90 students 69 (76.66%) agreed that they worry to
mush about what their future will be after their studies. Although 21 (23.33%) students
21
Table 14. I don’t know enough about the qualification need for different works and
careers.
The above table exposed that out of 90 students 57 (63.33%) agreed that they don’t
know enough about the qualification need for different works and careers. However 33
Table 15. I don’t know enough about my abilities for different kinds of works and
careers.
The above table shown that out of 90 students 34 (37.77%) agreed that they don’t know
enough about their abilities for different kinds of works and careers. While 56 (62.22%)
22
Table 16. I don’t know enough about my attitude for different kinds of work and
careers.
The above table revealed that out of 90 students 42 (46.66%) agreed that they don’t
know enough about their attitude for different kinds of work and careers. While 48
The above table exposed that out of 90 students 54 (60%) agreed that they don’t know
which subjects help them in future. While 36 (40%) students did not agree with this
statement.
23
Table 18. I don’t know how to improve the relationship with others.
The above table revealed that out of 90 students 35 (38.88%) agreed that they don’t
know how to improve their relationship with others, whereas 55 (61.11%) students did
The above table shown that out of 90 students 36 (40%) agreed that they don’t know
how to make good friends. While 54 (60%) students did not agree with this statement.
The above table revealed that out of 90 students 35 (38.88%) agreed that they don’t
know how to improve peer relationship. While 55 (61.11%) students did not agree with
this statement.
24
Table 21. It is difficult for me to get freedom in my life.
The above table shown that out of 90 students 69 (76.66%) agreed that, it is difficult
for them to get freedom in their life. While 21 (23.33%) students did not agree with this
statement.
The above table revealed that out of 90 students 70 (77.77%) agreed that they don’t
know how to achieve more satisfaction in their life. While 20 (22.22%) students did not
The above table shown that out of 90 students 18 (20%) agreed that they don’t know
how to release tension. Although 72 (80%) students did not agree with this statement.
25
Table 24. It is difficult for me to stop weeping on sorrowful situations.
The above table exposed that out of 90 students 50 (55.55%) agreed that, it is difficult
for them to stop weeping on sorrowful situations. While 40 (44.44%) students did not
The above table shown that out of 90 students 56 (62.22%) agreed that it is difficult for
them to control their emotions. While 34 (37.77%) students did not agree with this
statement.
The above table exposed that out of 90 students 38 (42.22%) agreed that it is difficult
for them to get confidence. Whereas 52 (57.77%) students did not agree with this
statement.
26
Table 27. I have more difficulty in forgetting my mistakes then I believe I should
have.
The above table revealed that out of 90 students 60 (66.66%) agreed that they have
more difficulty in forgetting their mistakes then they believed they should have. While
The above table revealed that out of 90 students 85 (94.44%) agreed that it is difficult
for them to remain silent against injustice. While 5 (5.55%) students did not agree with
this statement.
The above table revealed that out of 90 students 30 (33.33%) agreed that they don’t
know how to give respect to others. While 60 (66.66%) students did not agree with this
statement.
27
Teacher Responses
The above table shown that all of the teachers disagree that counselling facility is not
available in their school. It is evident from the data that out of 30 sample 30 (100%)
teachers disagreed.
The above table revealed that all of the teachers disagreed that there is no counselling
facility in school that why it does not practically work. It is obvious from the data out
28
Table 32. What do you think counsellor post should be in your school?
The above table revealed that majority of the teachers agreed that counselling post
should be in their school. It is evident from the data out of 30 teachers 25 (83.33%)
agreed. While 5 (16.66%) teachers did not agree with this statement.
Table 33. Your school have given ever any proposal higher authority to establish
The above table revealed that majority of the teachers agreed that their school gives
proposal to their higher authority to establish the post of counsellor. It is evident from
the data out of 30 teachers 22(73.33%) agreed. While 8 (26.66%) teachers did not agree
29
Table 34. What do you think student need counselling at secondary level?
The above table exposed that all of the teachers agreed that counselling facility is
necessary at secondary level. It is evident from the data out of 30 teachers 30(100%)
agreed.
30
4. FINDINGS
The main objective of this study was to identify the counseling needs of the students. It
was assumed that students have counseling needs in all area of life. The results of this
study revealed that secondary school students are seeking guidance and counseling in
1. Table No. 1, and 2 show that all the students agreed that counselling facility is
school.
2. Table No. 3, 4, 13 and 17 show that counselling from secondary level help their
future goals and they do not know about the qualification need for different
3. Table No. 5, 24 and 25 show that majority of the students think that parents,
teacher meetings boost their hidden energies, it is difficult for them to control
4. Table No. 6, 11, 15 and 16 they don’t know enough about their abilities and
attitude for different kinds of works and careers. It is difficult for them to get
enough confidence to talk with teachers and complete their work in time. It may
be due to the reason that teachers rarely guide their students academically.
Students do not often consult their teachers for successful method of studies so
5. Table No. 7 and 10 show that some of students agree that it is difficult for them
to get the books that they need for study and they also don’t know proper method
of studies.
31
6. Table No. 9 show that majority of students agreed that, they can’t do as well in
7. Table No. 21, 22 and 23 show that majority of the secondary level students
agreed it is difficult for them to get freedom and achieve more satisfaction in
their life and they don’t know how to release their tension.
8. Table No.18, 19 and 20 show that some of the students think that they don’t
know how to improve their relationship with others and also they don’t know
9. Table No. 26 and 27 a small portion of the secondary level students that it is
difficult for them to get confidence and have more difficulty in forgetting their
10. Table No. 28 show that most of the students agreed that it is difficult for them
11. Table No. 29 show that some of the students agreed that they don’t know how
Teacher responses
12. Table No. 30 and 31 show that majority of the teachers agreed that counselling
facility is not available in their school that’s why it does not practically work.
13. Table No. 34 show that mostly teachers agreed that counselling facility is
14. Table No. 32 show that a majority of the teachers think that counselling post
32
15. Table No.33 show that more than half of secondary teachers agreed that their
school gives proposal to their higher authority to establish the post of counsellor.
33
5. CONCLUSION
On the basis of research data that counselling plays pivotal role in all area of
life. It would be helpful and encouraging the students to identify their needs and
compulsory in this era. It helps a student realize true aptitude. Helps in determining a
student’s true potential. There are students who are clear as to what they want to
become. On the other hand, there are others who are either confused or have no idea
about their career preferences. Regular aptitude tests and counseling sessions conduct
by counselors can help students in finding out the right future options and the fields that
interest them. On the basis on these counseling results, students make the right choice
regarding what course they want to enroll into in order to accomplish their future goals
34
6. RECOMMENDATIONS
Keeping in view the findings of the study following recommendations are made:
1. Counselling post should be available in every school and it’s should encourage
boosting the students to recognize their needs and problems and solve their
problems.
establish.
5. Higher authorities should publish suitable guidance materials for the use of
35
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Brown, D.; Brooks, L. (1991). Career Counseling Techniques. Boston, Allyn &
Bacon.
Campbell, C. A., & Dahir, C. A.(1997). Sharing the vision: The national standards for
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978-80-970556–0-8.
(May 2014), Guide on Life Planning Education and Career Guidance for
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Dash, B. N.(2003).Guidance and Career Counseling. New Delhi:Dominent Publishers.
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http://www.Findarticales.com.
Hiebert, B., Kemeny, K., & Kurchak, W. (1998). Guidance-Related Needs of Junior
from EBSCOhost.
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Johnson, C. D., & Johnson, S. K.(1997). Results-based student support programs. San
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Mishra, R.C. (2004). Guidance and Counseling. New Jersey: Universal Publication.
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Development, 27:2.
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Paris, (2002). Handbook on career counselling, Published in 2002
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39
Annexure “A”
QUESTIONNAIRE
All the data being collected for the final project as a requirement of
B.Ed. (Hon’s.) degree. This data will be used for only research purpose. All
information will be kept confidential.
Instructions
Read the statement carefully, if you agree then mark yes, if you are not agree then
mark no. Please checks the entire question very carefully and honestly.
Sr. Statement Yes No
No.
i. Do you think Counselling facility is necessary at secondary
level?
iii. Do you think counseling from secondary level help your future
career?
Instructions
Read the statement carefully, if you agree then mark yes, if you are not agree then
mark no. Please checks the entire question very carefully and honestly.