Final Report of Building Project

PROJECT REPORT ON DESIGN OF A RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING
(According to BS-8110)
MINI PROJECT REPORT
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of
The Requirements for the award of the
degree
of Bachelor of Science
In Civil Engineering
By
Yahye A/kadir Waberi (16-BSS-ENG-152)
Department of Civil engineering
East Africa University
2020
1
CONTENTS
1. AIM OF THE PROJECT
THEORY
2. INTRODUCTION
3. SELECTION OF PLOT AND STUDY
4. SURVEY OF SITE FOR PROPOSED BUILDING
5. RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
a) LIMITATIONS OF BUILT UP AREA
b) MINIMUM FLOOR AREA AND HEIGHT OF ROOMS
6. BUILDING BYE LAWS AND REGULATIONS
7. ARRANGEMENT OF ROOMS
WORKING DRAWINGS
DESINGS
1. DESING OF SLAB
2. DESING OF BEAM
3. DESING OF COLUMN
4. DESING OF FOOTING
CONCLUSION
AIM OF THE PROJECT
The aim of the project is to plan and design the framed structure of a
residential building.
INTRODUCTION
2. INTRODUCTION
The basics needs of human existences are food, clothing’s & shelter. From times immemorial
manhas beenmakingeffortsinimprovingtheirstandardofliving.Thepointofhiseffortshas been to
provide an economic and efficient shelter. The possession of shelter besides being a basic,
used,givesafeeling ofsecurity,responsibilityandshownthesocialstatusofman.
Every human being has an inherent liking for a peaceful environment needed for his
pleasant living, this object is achieved by having a place of living situated at the safe and
convenient location, such a place for comfortable and pleasant living requires considered and
kept in view.
• A Peaceful environment.
• Safety from all natural source & climate conditions
• General facilities for community of his residential area.
The engineer has to keep in mind the municipal conditions, building bye laws,
environment, financial capacity, water supply, sewage arrangement, provision of future, aeration,
ventilation etc., in suggestion a particular type of plan to any client.
3. SELECTION OF PLOT AND STUDY
Selection of plot is very important for buildings a house. Site should be in good place
where there community but service is convenient but not so closed that becomes a source of
inconvenience or noisy. The conventional transportation is important not only because of present
need but for retention of property value in future closely related to are transportation, shopping,
facilities also necessary. One should observe the road condition whether there is indication of
future development or not in case of un developed area.
The factor to be considered while selecting the building site are as follows:-
• Access to park & play ground.
• Agriculture polytonality of the land.
• Availability of public utility services, especially water, electricity & sewage disposal.
• Contour of land in relation the building cost. Cost of land .
• Distance from places of work.
• Ease of drainage.
• Location with respect to school, collage & public buildings.
• Nature of use of adjacent area.
• Transport facilities.
• Wind velocity and direction.

4.SURVEY OF THE SITE FOR PROPOSED BUILDING
Reconnaissance survey: the following has been observed during reconnaissance surveyof
the site.
• Site is located nearly.
• The site is very clear planned without ably dry grass and other throne plats over the
entire area.
• No leveling is require since the land is must uniformly level.
• The ground is soft.
• Labour available near by the site.
• Houses are located near by the site.
• Detailed survey: the detailed survey has been done to determine the boundaries of
the required areas of the site with the help of theodolite and compass.
5. RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Requirement for residential accommodation are different for different classes of people &
depends on the income &status of the individual a highly rich family with require a
luxurious building, while a poor man we satisfied with a single room house for even poor
class family.
A standard residential building of bungalow type with has drawing room, dining room office
room, guest room, kitchen room, store, pantry, dressing room, bath room, front verandah,
stair etc., for other house the number of rooms may be reduced according to the requirements
of many available.
a) LIMITATION OF BUILT UP AREA
Area of plot up to 200sq.m (240sq.yd) ---- maximum permissable built up area
Ground and first ---- 60% of site area on floor only.
201 to 500sq.m (241to 600sq.yd) ---- 50% of the site area.
501 to 1000sq.m (601 to 1200sq.yd) ---- 40% of the site area
More than 1000sq.m ---- 33% of the site area.

b) MINIMUM FLOOR AREA & HEIGHT OF ROOMS
FLOOR AREA HIEGHT (m)
LIVING 10sqm (100sqft)
(breadth min 2.7 m or 9’) 3.3 (11’)
KITCHEN 6sqm (60sqft) 3.0 (10’)
BATH 2sqm (20sqft) 2.7 (9’)
LATTRINE 1.6sqm (16sqft) 2.7 (9’)
BATH & WATER CLOSET 3.6sqm (36sqft) 2.7 (9’)
SERVANT ROOM 10sqm (100sqft) 3.0 (10’)
GARAGE 2.5*4.8 m (8’*16’) 3.0 (10’)
MIN. HIEGHT OF PLINTH
FOR MAIN BUILDING ------- 0.6 (2’)
MIN. HIEGHT OF PLINTH FOR
SERVANT QUARTES ------- 0.3 (1’)
MIN. DEPTH OF FOUNDATION ------- 0.9 (3’)
THICKNESS OF WALL 20cms to 30cms ------
(9” to13.5”)
DAMP PROOF COURSE 2cms to 2.5cms thick full width of
(3/4” to1”) plinth wall

6. BUILDING BYE LAWS & REGULATIONS
• Line of building frontage and minimum plot sizes.
• Open spaces around residential building.
• Minimum standard dimensions of building elements.
• Provisions for lighting and ventilation.
• Provisions for safety from explosion.
• Provisions for means of access.
• Provisions for drainage and sanitation.
• Provisions for safety of works against hazards.
• Requirements for off-street parking spaces.
• Requirements for landscaping.
• Special requirements for low income housing.
• Size of structural elements.

7. ARRANGEMENT OF ROOMS
LIVING ROOM
• KITCHEN
• STORE ROOM
• BED ROOM
• OFFICE ROOM
• BATH & W C
• DRESSING ROOM
• VERANDAH
• STAIR CASE
LIVING ROOMS:
This is the area is for general use. Hence the living & drawing room should be planned near the
entrance south east aspects. During colder day the sun is towards the south & will receive
sunshine which is a welcoming feature. During summer sunshine ti the northern side & entry of
sunrays from southern or south – east aspects do not arise.
KITCHEN:
Eastern aspects to admit morning sun to refresh & purity the air.
READING ROOM/ CLASS ROOM:

North aspects this makes more suitable since there will be no sun from north side for most part of
the year.
BED ROOM:
Bed may also be provided with attached toilets, there size depends upon the number of beds, they
should be located so as to give privacy & should accommodate beds, chair, cupboard, etc., and
they should have north or – west south – west aspect.
BATH & W.C:
Bath and w.c are usually combined in one room & attached to the bed room and should be well
finished. This should be filled with bath tub, shower, wash-hand basin, w.c, shelves, towels,
racks brackets, etc., all of white glazed tiles. Floor should be mosaic or white glazed files.
Instead of providing all bed room with attached bath and W.C separated baths & latrines may
also be provided
VERANDAH:
There should verandah in the front as well as in the rear. The front verandah serves setting place
for male members & weighting place for visitors. The back verandah serve a ladies apartment for
there sitting, working controlling, kitchen works etc., verandah project the room against direct
sun, rain & weather effect. They used as sleeping place during the summer and rainy season &
are used to keep various things verandah also give appearance to the building. The area of a
building may vary from 10% to 20% of the building.
STAIR CASE:
This should be located in a easily accessible to all members of the family, when this is intended
for visitors it should be in the front, may be on one side of verandah. It meant for family use
only, the staircase should be placed the rear. The stairs case should be well ventilated & lighted
the middle to make it easy & comfortable to climb. Rises & threads should be uniform through to
keep rhythm while climbing or descending.
Some helpful points regarding the orientation of a building are as follows:-
• Long wall of the building should face north south, short wall should face.
• East and west because if the long walls are provided in east facing, the wall.
• Absorb more heat of sun which causes discomfort during night.
• A verandah or balcony can be provided to wards east & west to keep the rooms cool.
• To prevent sun’s rays & rain from entering a room through external doors &
windows sunshades are required in all directions.
ORIENTATION
After having selected the site, the next step is proper orientation of building. Orientation means
proper placement of rooms in relation to sun, wind, rain, topography and out look and at the
same time providing a convenient access both to the street and back yard.
The factors that effect orientation most are as follows.
• Solar heat
• Wind direction
• Humidity
• Rain fall
• Intensity of wind site condition
• Lightings and ventilation
SOLAR HEAT:
Solar heat means sun’s heat, the building should receive maximum solar radiation in winter and
minimum in summer. For evaluation of solar radiation, it is essential to know the duration of
sunshine and hourly solar intensity on exposed surfaces.
WIND DIRECTION:
The winds in winter are avoided and are in summer, they are accepted in the house to the
maximum extent.
HUMIDITY:
High humidity which is common phenomenon is in coastal areas, causes perspiration, which is
very uncomfortable condition from the human body and causes more disomfort.
RAIN FALL:
Direction and intensity of rainfall effects the drainage of the site and building and hence, it is
very important from orientation point of view.
INTENSITY OF WIND:
Intensity of wind in hilly regions is high and as such window openings of comparatively small
size are recommended in such regions.
SITE CONDITIONS:
Location of site in rural areas, suburban areas or urban areas also effects orientation, sometimes
to achieve maximum benefits, the building has to be oriented in a particular direction.
LIGHTING:
Good lighting is necessary for all buildings and three primary aims. The first is to promote the
work or other activities carried on within the building.
The second is to promote the safety of people using the buildings. The third is to create, in
conjunction to interest and of well beings.
VENTILATION:
Ventilation may be defined as the system of supplying or removing air by natural or mechanical
mean or from any enclosed space to create and maintain comfortable conditions. Operation of
building and location to windows helps in providing proper ventilation. A sensation of comfort,
reduction in humidity, removal of heat, supply of oxygen are the basic requirements in
ventilation apart from reduction of dust.
DRAWINGS
15.0m
12.0m
W AV
Contacts
W W
BATH
Tell: 0907336342
1.2m x 2.1m
Email: engyahye11
BEDROOM BEDROOM BEDROOM
@gmail.com
W1 W1
4.5m x 3.3m 4.5m x 3.3m 4.5m x 3.3m
G+1 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

8.6m
W Location: PRACTISE HOUSE
D1 D1 D1
PASSAGE 1m
BATH Designed by :
2.0m 1.2m x 2.1m
12.5m Yahye Abdukadir Waberi
UP
D V
Checked by :
LIVING ROOM V Eng Abdulahi Salad
W2 D W.C
5.9m x 5.3m KITCHEN 1.2m x 1.2m
3.6m x 4.4m
D1
Drawing Scale:
1 : 100
MD Date:
KW
10th - Feb- 2020
Sheet No: A-1

A A
N
N
GROUND FLOOR w
S
E
15.0m
12.0m
A
W V W
Contacts
Tell: 0907336342
BATH
1.2m x 2.1m Email: engyahye11
@gmail.com
BEDROOM BEDROOM MR. BEDROOM
W1
4.5m x 3.3m 4.5m x 3.3m 4.5m x 3.3m

8.6m
Location: PRACTISE HOUSE
D1 D1
PASSAGE 1m
BATH Designed by :
2.0m 1.2m x 2.1m
12.5m Yahye Abdukadir Waberi
UP
D V
Checked by :
BALCONY V Eng Abdulahi Salad
D W.C
5.9m x 5.3m KITCHEN 1.2m x 1.2m
3.6m x 4.4m
Drawing Scale:
1 : 100
KW Date:
10th - Feb- 2020
Sheet No: A-2

A
N
N
FIRST FLOOR w
S
E
Contacts
Tell: 0907336342
Email: engyahye11
@gmail.com

Designed by :
Yahye Abdukadir Waberi
Checked by :
Eng Abdulahi Salad
Drawing Scale:
1 : 100
Date:
10th - Feb- 2020
Sheet No: A-3
N
N
column layout w
E
S
Contacts
Tell: 0907336342
Email: engyahye11
@gmail.com

Designed by :
Checked by :
Eng Abdulahi Salad
Drawing Scale:
1 : 100
Date:
10th - Feb- 2020
Sheet No: A-4
N
N
Beam layout w
S
E
Contacts
1.0m
Tell: 0907336342
1.0m Email: engyahye11
@gmail.com

Designed by :
Checked by :
Eng Abdulahi Salad
Drawing Scale:
1 : 100
Date:
10th - Feb- 2020
Sheet No: A-5
N
N
Foundation layout w
E
S
Contacts
Tell: 0907336342
Email: engyahye11
@gmail.com
Proposed Building
Soak
well
Area = 157.5 m2 Designed by :
Perimeter = 51m Yahye Abdukadir Waberi
Checked by :
Eng Abdulahi Salad
Drawing Scale:
Septic 1 : 100
tank
Date:
10th - Feb- 2020
Sheet No: A-6
w E
Site Plan S
SYMPOLS
12.0m
= Receptacle output
Contacts
S1 = lamp switch Tell: 0907336342
= lamp Email: engyahye11
@gmail.com
= Electrical wire
S 1
8.6m G+1 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

S 1
S 1
S 1 Location: PRACTISE HOUSE
S 1
Designed by :
S
1
S
1
S 1
Checked by :
Eng Abdulahi Salad
S S
1 1
Drawing Scale:
1 : 100
S1 Date:
10th - Feb- 2020

S 1
Sheet No: A-7
Electrical installation plan

w
S
Contacts
Tell: 0907336342
Email: engyahye11
@gmail.com

Designed by :
Checked by :
Eng Abdulahi Salad
1.4m
1.6m 1.7m
2.8m Drawing Scale:

0.9m 2.2m 1 : 100
Date:
10th - Feb- 2020
Sheet No: A-8
FRONT ELEVATION w
ES
Contacts
Tell: 0907336342
Email: engyahye11
2.3m
@gmail.com
1.4m
0.15m

3.8m
Designed by :
0.15m Checked by :
Eng Abdulahi Salad
3.0m Drawing Scale:

1 : 100
Date:
0.6m 10th - Feb- 2020
Sheet No: A-9
SECTION A-A w
S
E
SLAB DESIGN
Designed by : Sheet
Residential building Eng Yahye A/kadir
1 of
design project Waberi
8
ID = 16-BSS-ENG-152 18-feb-20
reference Calculation Remarks
LOADING SYSTEM [S1] (Two edge discontinuous slab)
CRITICAL SLAB DESIGN
DESIGN DATA
Fcu = 30N/mm2
Fy =
460N/mm2 LL =
1.5 N/mm2
Cover = 20 N/mm2
`
Designed by : Sheet
Residential building Eng Yahye
2 of
design project A/kadir Waberi
8
ID = 16-BSS-ENG- 18-feb-20
152
LOADING SYSTEM [S1] (Two edge discontinuous slab)
𝐿𝑦 6
= = 1. 0 < 2 Two way slab
𝐿𝑋 6
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
Clause
3.4.6.3
Table 3.9 value = = 26
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ
6000
Estimated effective depth (d) = = 231 mm
26
Assume 12mm bar dia:
The required over all thickness h = (231+6+20) = 257mm
Self-weight of slab =𝜌c * h = 0.257 x 24 = 6.168

kN/m2 Finishing is =0.02*24 = 0.48KN/m2
Total dead load on the slab (n) =6.168 +0.48 = 6.648 KN/m2
Live load = 1.5KN/ m2

Ultimate Design load = 1.4(DL) + 1.6(LL) = 1.4(6.648) +
Part 1
1.6(1.5)
Table 3.15 = 11.71 KN/ m2
Designed by : Sheet
3 of
8
ID = 16-BSS-ENG- 18-feb-20
152
Designed by : Sheet
4 of
8
ID = 16-BSS-ENG-152 18-feb-20

At the mid span short side
Assume ∅ =
12mm D = h –
cover - ∅/2
12
D = 257– 20 - = 231mm
2
Msx1 = 𝛽SX * nLx2 = 0.036 * 11.71* 62= 15.18KNm/m
𝑀 15.18∗106 Single
K= = = 0.0113 < 0.156 reinforcem
𝑏𝑑 2𝐹𝑐𝑢 1000(231)2 ∗25
ent
𝑘 0.0113
Z = d(0.5+ √0.25 − = d(0.5+ √0.25 − = 0.987d > 0.95d
0.9 0.9
0.13𝑏ℎ 0.13∗1000∗257 use 0.95d
Asmin = = = 334.1mm2
100 100
𝑀 15.18∗106
Area of steel req. = = = 142.2 mm2 < Asmin
0.95𝐹𝑦𝑍 0.95∗460∗0.95∗257
So we used for Asmin = 334.1 mm2
Therefore provide T12 @ 200 c/c (Apr = 339.2 mm2/m)
Mid span of longer side

12
Part one D = 257– 20 - = 231mm OK
Eq. 14 2
Use 0.95d
Msy1 = 𝛽SX * nLx2 =0.034*11.71*62= 14.33 KNm/m
𝑀 14.33 ∗106
K= = = 0.107 < 0.156
𝑏𝑑 2𝐹𝑐𝑢 1000(231)2 ∗25
Z = d(0.5+ √0.25 − 𝑘
= d(0.5+ √0.25 − 0.107= 0.86d < 0.95d
0.9 0.9
𝑀 14.33∗106 2
Area of steel = =
0.95𝐹𝑦𝑍 0.95∗460∗0.86∗231
= 164.66 mm < Asmin =
2
334.1mm
So we used Asmin = 334.1mm2
provide T12 @ 200 c/c (Apr = 339.2 mm2/m)
Designed by : Sheet
5 of
8
ID = 16-BSS-ENG-152 18-feb-20
Continuous edge X - side
12
Part one
Eq. 14
D = 257– 20 - = 231mm
2
Msy1 = 𝛽SX * nLx2 = 0.047* 11.71*62= 19.8KNm/m
𝑀 19.8∗106 Single
reinforcem
K= = = 0.014 < 0.156 ent
𝑏𝑑 2𝐹𝑐𝑢 1000(231)2 ∗25
Z = d(0.5+ √0.25 − 𝑘
= d(0.5+ √0.25 − 0.014)
0.9 0.9
= 0.983 <0.95d (use 0.95d)
𝑀 19.8∗106
As= = =2 228 mm < Asmin =2
0.95𝐹𝑦𝑍 0.95∗460∗0.86∗231
334.1mm
Part one
Eq. 15
ProvideT12 @ 200c/c (Apr = 339.2 mm2/m)
Continuous edge of Y- side

10
d = 150 – 25 - = 120mm
2
Msy1 = 𝛽SX * nLx2 =0.045* 11.71*62 = 18.9KN.m/m
𝑀 18.9 𝑋 106
K= 2 = = 0.014 < 0.156 (Single
𝑏𝑑 𝐹𝑐𝑢 1000(231)2𝑋 25
reinforcement)
Z = d(0.5+ √0.25 − 𝑘
= d(0.5+ √0.25 − 0.014
0.9 0.9
= 0.983d> 0.95d ( use 0.95d)
𝑀 18.9∗106
As req = = = 197.1 mm2 < Asmin =
0.95𝐹𝑦𝑍 0.95∗460∗0.95∗231
334.1mm2
Provide T12 @ 200 (Apr = 339.2 mm2/m)
Designed by : Sheet
6 of
8
ID = 16-BSS-ENG-152 18-feb-20
Reference Calculation Remarks
Discontinuous edges
0.13𝑏ℎ 0.13 𝑥 1000 𝑥 257
Apply as minimum = = = 334.1mm2
100 100
Provide T10 – 200 (Apr = 339.2 mm2/m)
Shear checking
Vsx1= 𝛽VX * nLx2= 0.4 X 11.71 X 6= 28.1 KN

Part 1 𝑉 28.1𝑥103
Table 3.16 V= = = 0.12
𝑏𝑑 1000 𝑥 231
100𝐴𝑠 100 𝑥 226.2

= = 0.1 < 3 (satisfactory)
𝑏𝑑 1000 𝑥 231
400 400
= = 1.73 > 1 (satisfactory)
𝑑 231
0.79 100𝐴𝑠 31 400 4 1 𝐹𝑐𝑢 3 1
V = ( ) ( ) ( ) = 0.632 x 0.464 x 1.146 x 1.0
c
1.25 𝑏𝑑 𝑑 25
= 0.33 > V=0.12 Vc > V

Part 1
Table 3.17 Shear link not required
Residential building Designed by : Sheet
Eng Yahye
design project 7 of
A/kadir Waberi
8
ID = 16-BSS-ENG-152
Reference CALCULATIONS
Deflection checking
𝑀 15.18𝑥106
BS8110-1 = = 0.28𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑑 2 1000𝑥2312
Table 3.9
5𝑓𝑦𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞 5x 460 x 334.1
Fs = = = 283.1
8𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 8x339.2
477−283.1
Modification factor = 0.55+( ) = 1.13 > 2
231(0.9+0.28)
BS8110-1 (𝐿 )𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 26𝑥1.13 = 29.4 > (𝐿 ) 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 25.97

𝑑 𝑑
Table 3.8
𝐿 6000 𝑙
)𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = = 25.97, ( ) 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 = 26
𝑑 231 𝑑
Cracking Checking
The maximum clearance distance 3d 𝜃 750𝑚𝑚(𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑛)

=3(231) = 693mm
BS8110-1
cl.3.12.11.2.7 Distance between bars = 200 < 693𝑚𝑚
Designed by :
Sheet
design project 8 of
Waberi
8
ID = 16-BSS-ENG-152
Reference CALCULATIONS
BEAM
DESIGN
Designed By:
Eng Yahye A/kadir Sheet
Residential Building Design Waberi (1 of 9)
Project
(Beam Design) ID = 16-BSS-ENG-152 29-FEB-
2020
References Calculations Remarks
Critical beam design
Design data
Slab thickness = 257mm

Fcu = 30N/mm2
Fy = 460N/mm2
LL = 1.5kN/m2
Cover = 25mm
Floor finishes = 1kN/m
Beam size = 250mm x 400mm
Designed By:
Project
2020
Slab load distribution to Beams
Calculation for the load coming from the slab to the beam :
Selfweight of the slab : 0.257m x 24kN/m2 = 6.168kN/m
Floor finishes = 1kN/m
LL = 1.5kN/m2
Design load of the slab = 1.4 (6.168+1) + 1.6(1.5) = 14.835kN/m
Self-weight of the beam = 0.250x0.400x24kn/m3 = 2.4
= 2.4 x 1.4 = 3.36kN/m
Designed By:
Project
2020
Slab load distribution to Beams (Cont…)

Triangular loads
1. w lx⁄3 = 14.835 x 6⁄3 = 29.67kN/m

2. w lx⁄3 = 14.835 x 3.4⁄3 = 16.813kN/m
3. w lx⁄3 = 14.835 x 3.6⁄3 = 17.802kN/m
4. w lx⁄3 = 14.835 x 3⁄3 = 14.835kN/m
TOTAL = 79.128kN/m
Trapezoidal loads
1
1. w lx⁄ [1 - 1 ] = 14.835 x 4.6⁄ [1 - ] Where:
𝑙𝑦
2 2𝛽 2 2𝑥1.04 𝛽= =
𝑙𝑥
= 17.742kN/m 4.8
4.6
Rectangular loads 𝛽=
1.04
1. w lx⁄2 = 14.835 x 1.3⁄2 = 9.642 kN/m
Total from all types of the loads + beam self-weight:
Total = 79.128kN/m + 17.742kN/m + 9.642kN/m
= 106.512/m + 3.36kN/m
= 109.873kN/m
Designed By:
Project
2020
Total beam Load diagram
Analyzing the beam using moment distribution method:

1) Fixed end Moment (FEM)
𝑤𝑙2 109.873∗3 2
FEM(E1-2) = FEM(E2-1) = ± = ± = ± 82.404 kN.m
12 12
𝑤𝑙2 109.873∗4.8 2
FEM(E2-3) = FEM(E3-2) = ± = = ± 210.956 kN.m
12 12
𝑤𝑙2 109.873∗3.42
FEM(E3-4) = FEM(E4-3) = ± = = ± 105.844 kN.m
12 12
𝑤𝑙2 109.873∗3.6 2
FEM(E4-5) = FEM(E5-4) = ± = = ± 118.662 kN.m
12 12
2) Stiffness of the member

k(E1-2) = 4𝐸𝐼 = 4 = 1.333 ; k(E2-3) = 4𝐸𝐼 = 4 = 0.833
𝐿 3 𝐿 4.8
k(E1-2) = 4𝐸𝐼 = 4 = 1.176 ; k(E2-3) = 4𝐸𝐼 = 4 = 1.111

𝐿 3.4 𝐿 3.6
3) Distribution Factor (DF)

DF(E1-2) = DF(E5-4) = 0 “fixed”
(𝐸
k 1−2
) 1.333
DF(E2-1) = = = 0.615
k(𝐸1−2 ) + k(𝐸2−3 ) 1.333 +0.833
k
(𝐸2−3 ) 0.833
DF(E2-3) = = = 0.385
k(𝐸2−3 ) + k(𝐸1−3 ) 0.833 +1.333
Designed By:
Project
2020
Distribution Factor (DF) (Cont…)
k
(𝐸3−2 ) 0.833
DF(E3-2) = = = 0.414
k(𝐸3−2 ) + k(𝐸3−4 ) 0.833 +1.176
k
(𝐸2−3 ) 1.176
DF(E3-4) = = = 0.586
k(𝐸2−3 ) + k(𝐸1−3 ) 1.176 +0.833
k
(𝐸4−3 ) 1.176
DF(E4-3) = = = 0.514
k(𝐸4−3 ) + k(𝐸4−5 ) 1.176 +1.111
k
(𝐸4−5 ) 1.111
DF(E4-5) = = = 0.486
k(𝐸4−5 ) + k(𝐸4−3 ) 1.111 +1.176
Moment distribution table:

Designed By:
Project
2020
Shear and moment diagram
Shear diagram
Moment Diagram
Max Moment = 181.55kN.m

Max Shear = 263.94 kN
Designed By:
Project
2020
Design of continues beam by Bs-8110 Part one

SPECEFITIONS
H = 400mm
b = 250mm
Cover = 25mm
Tension reinforcement = ∅ 25 mm : Compression reinforcement = 16mm
Shear Link = 8mm
Fcu = 30 N/mm2
d = h – cover - ∅/2 - ∅Link
d = 400 – 25 – 25/2 – 8 = 354.5
Max moment of beam [B/1-5] = 181.55KNm
𝑀 181.55∗106
Part 1 K= = = 0.193 > 0.156
Table 3.16 𝑏𝑑 2𝐹𝑐𝑢 250(354.5)2 ∗30
Thus its double reinforcement section
The section requires compression reinforcement
𝑑, 45.5
= = 0.25 < 0.37
𝑥 177.25
, 2 2
Clause 3.4.4.4 2T16
Part 1 , [ 𝑘−𝑘 ]𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑢 [0.193−0.156]250(354.5 )30
Table 3.17
As = 0.95𝐹𝑦(𝑑−𝑑 , ) = 0.95𝑥460(354.5−45.5) = 258.3mm 2
Asprov =
402mm2
The section also requires tension reinforcement
, [𝑘 , ]𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑢
As = As +
0.95𝐹𝑦 𝑧
𝑘 0.156
Z = d(0.5+ √0.25 − , ) = d(0.5+ √0.25 − ) = 0.775d
0.9 0.9
[0.156]250(3572 )30 4T25
As = 258.3mm + 2
= 1483mm 2
Asprov =
0.95𝑥460(0.775𝑥354.5) 1963mm2
0.13𝑏ℎ 0.13∗250∗400
Asmin = = = 130mm2
100 100
Designed By:
Project
2020
Shear Design:
Clause 3.4.5.2
Part 1 3
𝑉 263.94𝑥10
Table 3.16 V= 𝑏𝑑 = 250 𝑥 354.5 = 3
100𝐴𝑠 100 𝑥 981
= = 1.1 < 3 (satisfactory)
𝑏𝑑 1000 𝑥 354.5
400 400
= = 1.13 > 1 (satisfactory)
𝑑 354.5
1 1 1
0.79
100𝐴𝑠 3 400 4 𝐹𝑐𝑢 3
Vc = ( ) ( ) ( ) = 0.632 x 1.03 x 1.03 x 1.06
1.25 𝑏𝑑 𝑑 25
= 0.712 < V=3 Vc < V Shear link required.
0.4𝑏 0.4∗250
Table 3.13 Spacing of shear link = = = 0.420
0.95𝑓𝑦𝑣 0.95∗250
Therefore spacing is 225 c/c
R8 @
225c/c
Use R8 @ 225c/c
Deflection checking
Table 3.10 𝑀 181.55𝑥106
= = 2.78𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑑 2 250𝑥354.52
s 5𝑓𝑦𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞 5x 460 x 1483
F = 8𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 = 8x1963 = 217.2
Clause 3.4.6.3 Modification factor = 0.55+( 477−217.2
= 0.62
120(0.9+5.78)
Table 3.9
𝐿 𝐿
( 𝑑)𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 26𝑥0.62 = 16.12 > ( 𝑑 ) 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 13.5
Table 3.8 𝐿 4800 ℎ
)𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = = 13.5 , ( ) 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 = 26
𝑑 354.5 𝑑
Designed By:
Project
2020
Beam detailing
COLUMN DESIGN
Designed By:
Residential Building Design Waberi (1 OF 6)
Project
(Column Design) ID = 16-BSS-ENG-152 7 - 3 -2020
Selected column
Design data
Fcu = 30N/mm2
Fy = 460N/mm2
Fyv = 250N/mm2
Main Reinforcement = 20mm
Cover = 25mm
Beam size = 250mm x 400mm
Column size = 250mm x 400mm
ALL COLUMNS ARE UNBRACED
Designed By:
Project
Column E/4
1. Design of roof slab load

[1.4(0.257x24)x7]x7.8 = 67.3kn/m
2. Design of 1st floor slab loading
[1.4(0.257x24)x7]x7.8 +(1.6x1.5x1.7)] = 84.1kn/m
Designed By:
Project
3. Design of 1st floor loading Beam Loading.

Beam A/B ( dead load from slab and beam self-weight)
[1.4(0.257mx24kn/m3x4.8m) + (0.25x0.4x24)] = 56.32kn/m
Beam B/C ( dead load from slab and beam self-weight)
[1.4(0.257mx24kn/m3x3m) + (0.25x0.4x24)] = 36.46kn/m
Beam B/D ( dead load from slab and beam self-weight)
[1.4(0.257mx24kn/m3x4.6m) + (0.25x0.4x24)] = 54.12kn/m
Design of axial load at x-x
N= x [(67.3 + 84.1) + (2.4x56.32) + (1.5x36.46)] =1330.9

Design of axial load at y-y
N = x [(67.3 + 84.1) + (2.3x54.12)] = 634.51

N = 1330.9kn + 634.51kn
N = 1965.41kN
Stiffness, K (column size and beam size = 250mm x 400mm)
IB/E = IB/F = IB/A = IB/C = IB/D = = = 1333.34 x 106mm4
KB/E = kB/F = = = 0.38 x 106 mm3

In the sub-frame, the beam stiffnesses are assumed to be equal to
(0.5 x actual value)
KB/A = 0.5 x = 0.5 x = 0.14 x 106 mm3
kB/D = 0.5 x = 0.5 x = 0.14 x 106 mm3
kB/C = 0.5 x = 0.5 x = 0.22 x 106 mm3

Total K = (0.38+0.38+0.14+0.14+0.22) = 1.26 x 106 mm3
Designed By:
Project
Distribution factor, DF
DFB/A = DFB/D = = 0.11
DFB/E = DFB/F = = 0.30
DFB/C = = 0.18
Fixed End Moment, FEM
MB/A = MA/B = = = 108.13kN.m
MB/C = MC/B = = = 27.34kN.m
MB/D = MD/B = = = 95.43kN.m
Completing the moment distribution at joint B gives:
Design Moment = 4.39 kn.m

Design Axial Load = 1965.41 kN
Designed By:
Project
The effective height of column section BF is 3.5m about both

axes.
Table 3.19
x-x direction ; Lex/h = (3500/250) = 14 < 15 Column is
y-y direction ; Ley/h = (3500/400) = 8.75 < 15 short
Assume 8mm diameter links

Effective depth = (400 – 25 - 8 – 13) = 354mm
d/h = 354/400 = 0.89
use design chart No. 29
N/bh = = 19.65 , M/bh2 = = 0.12
From the chart 27

100Asc/bh = 0.2 k = 1.4
Asc = (1.4x250x400)/100 , Asc = 1400mm2
No. of bars = xD2 = x202 = 314.16
= 1400/314.16 =5 bars
Clause
3.12.7.1
Minimum link diameter > (0.25xlargest compression)
= 0.25x20 = 5 6mm link Select R6
at
Spacing of link (12x smallest compression bar) 240mmc/c
= 12x20 = 240mm
Designed By:
Project
Table 3.19
Column is
short
STAIRCASE
DESIGN
Project Staircase design by BS 8110 REINFORCED CONCRETE COUNCIL
Client Student Project Made by Date Page
Location NO FLIGHT ENG Yahye 17-Mar-20 1

Checked Revision Job No
STAIR FLIGHTS AND LANDINGS to BS 8110:1997
Originated from Beta/trial version of RCC71.xls' on CD © 1999 BCA for RCC
PROF Salad - 4
MATERIALS
fcu 30 N/mm² gm 1.5 concrete Min bar Ø = 10
fy 250 N/mm² gm 1.05 steel Max bar Ø = 12
h agg 20 mm Density 24 kN/m³
Cover 20 mm (Normal weight concrete) Nominal top steel ?
Y DIMENSIONS Sectional Elevation
a = 900 mm landing A h = 180

b = 2250 mm flight waist = 180
c = 500 mm landing B h = 190
d= 0 mm
e= 0 mm
Going = 280 mm L = 3650
Rise = 2800 mm total 8.036 treads
Rise = 150 mm each step Rake = 28.18 º
LOADING
Imposed 1.50 kN/m² 19.22 kN/m ult 20.21 kN/m ult
Flight finishes 0.20 kN/m² (10.60 + 2.74) (11.30 + 2.74)
Landing finishes 0.15 kN/m²
DESIGN
LANDING A, gk = 4.32 + 0.15 = 4.47 kN/m² n = 1.4 x 4.47 + 1.6 x 1.5 = 8.66 kN/m²
FLIGHT, gk = 6.70 + 0.20 = 6.90 kN/m² n = 1.4 x 6.90 + 1.6 x 1.5 = 12.06 kN/m²
LANDING C, gk = 4.56 + 0.15 = 4.71 kN/m² n = 1.4 x 4.71 + 1.6 x 1.5 = 8.99 kN/m²
Zero shear is at 0.9 + (19.22 - 7.79) /12.06 = 1.848 m from left

M = 19.22 x 1.848 - 7.79 x 1.398 - 12.06 x 0.948²/2 = 19.21 kNm/m
d = 180 - 20 - 6 = 154 mm K = 0.0270 As = 551 mm²/m
PROVIDE R12 @ 200 B = 565 mm²/m
. R12 @ 250 T in span
L/d = 3,650 /154 = 23.701 < 23.0 x 2.000 x 1.089 = 50.103 allowed OK
REINFORCED CONCRETE COUNCIL
Project Staircase design by BS 8110
Made by Date Page
Client Student Project
ENG Yahye 17-Mar-20 2
Location NO LANDING
Checked Revision Job No
STAIR FLIGHTS AND LANDINGS to BS 8110:1997
PROF Salad 4
Originated from Beta/trial version of RCC71.xls' on CD © 1999 BCA for RCC
MATERIALS
fcu 30 N/mm² gm 1.5 concrete Min bar Ø = 10
fy 250 N/mm² gm 1.05 steel Max bar Ø = 12
h agg 20 mm Density 24 kN/m³
Cover 20 mm (Normal weight concrete) Nominal top steel ? Y
DIMENSIONS
a = 900 mm depth, h = 175 mm b
= 900 mm width, w = 1200 mm c =
150 mm
d = 175 mm L = 2300 mm
LOADING
LANDING Imposed 1.50 kN/m² 29.4 kN ult 29.8 kN ult
Finishes 0.20 kN/m² 24.5 kN/m ult 24.8 kN/m ult
Slab 4.20 kN/m² n = 1.4 x 4.40 + 1.6 x 1.5 = 8.56 kN/m²
gk qk
Flight a reaction 10.60 2.74 kN/m n1 = (1.4 x 10.60 + 1.6 x 2.74)/1.20 = 16.02 kN/m²
Flight b reaction 11.30 2.74 kN/m n2 = (1.4 x 11.30 + 1.6 x 2.74)/1.20 = 16.84 kN/m²
DESIGN
Zero shear is at (24.46 - 14.42) /8.56 = 1.173 m from left
M = 24.46 x 1.173 - 14.42 x 0.548 - 8.56 x 1.173²/2 = 14.90 kNm/m
d = 175 - 20 - 6 = 149 mm K = 0.0224 As = 442 mm²/m
PROVIDER12 @ 250 B = 452 mm²/m
. R12 @ 250 T in span
L/d = 2,300 /149 = 15.436 < 20.0 x 2.000 = 43.676 allowed OK
16mmØ 4" C/C
10mmØ 6" C/C
LANDING LEVEL 12mmØ 250 C/C

12mmØ 190 C/C
12mmØ 250 C/C

16mmØ 250 C/C
190
12mmØ 250 C/C
12mmØ 190 C/C
150
12mmØ 250 C/C
12mmØ 190 C/C
10mmØ 6" C/C
16mmØ 4" C/C
FLOOR LEVEL
12mmØ 250 C/C

16mmØ 250 C/C
REINFORCEMENT DETAIL OF 1ST FLIGHT

FOOTING
DESIGN
A B
3.65m
1 floor beam
UP
floor beam
floor beam
2.20m
2 floor beam
STAIR LAYOUT PLAN

REINFORCED CONCRETE
Project Foundation COUNCIL
Design Made by Date Page
Client Student project Single column NG YAXY 17-Mar-20 1
Location NO PAD
base Ch R J
FOUND
ec e o
ATION
ke vi b
DESIG
d si N
N to BS
o o
8110:19
n
97
Originated from RCC81.xls on CD © 1999 BCA for
RCC PRF SALA
- 5
MATERIALS fcu 30 N/mm² h agg 25 mm gc 1.5 concrete

fy 460 N/mm² cover 50 mm gs 1.05 steel
Densities - Concrete 24 kN/m³ Soil
24 kN/m³
Bearing pressure 550 kN/m² (net
allowable increase)
DIM
ENSI
ONS COLUMN
mm
BAS
E
L = 2500 h = 400
B = 1500 b = 250
depth H = 570
ex = 0 ey = 0
COLUMN REACTIONS kN, kNm characteristic

Plot (to
Key
DEAD IMPOSED WIND

A k S
1965.0
x N VALI
4.4 m
i D Grn
) DESI
a
l GN d
H
Brg
x
(
B Pre
k C
1 2 3 4 (
N O
521.2 526.8 521.2 526.8 k ssu
)
521.2 526.8 521.2 526.8 N re
)
M
H Be
x y
ndi
( ( ng
k k
N N fsx
m )
) (
S
As/
M T
y A As
T
U pro
(
v) fsy Shear %
v xx
96%
v 97
80 %
yy %
pu
7
4
nc
2 %
hin 7
% 7
g 3
n 0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
125%
Efficienc
y
REINFORCEMENT . .
Mxx = 608.9 kNm Myy = 358.2 kNm
b = 1500 mm b= 2500 mm
d = 507.5 mm d= 487 mm
As = 2921 mm² As = 1767 mm²
PROVIDEB2 8 T25 200 B1 PROVIDE 11 T16 @
As prov = @ mm² As prov = 250
3927
Asx increased 23% 2212 mm²
for shear
increased 18% for
shear
BEAM SHEAR . .
Vxx = 596.7 kN at d from col face
v= 0.784 N/mm²
or Vxx = 33.2 kN at 2d from col face
v= 0.044 N/mm²
vc = 0.539 N/mm²
PUNCHING SHEAR . .
d ave = 497 mm
As prov = 0.349 %
v = 0.460 N/mm²
GB LEVEL
GB
1
25mmØ @ 200
c/c 16mmØ @
250 C/C
520
50
SECTION A-A
2.5m
16mmØ @ 250 c/c
A 400
A
1.5m
25mmØ @ 200 c/c
250
TYPICAL FOOTING PLAN
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
In my project I have made an attempt to design a residential building as framed

structure. All the members are designed by limit state method which is more rational and
realistic in comparison with other design method.
This project helped me to gain knowledge about hand calculation, and giving more
considerations about how the loads are transferred from one member to another.
Drawings and detailing’s of each structural member was done using AUTOCAD
STRUCTURAL DETAILING 2015, and AUTOCAD 2020 for plans and drafting’s.
The important thing that I done were referring a lot of books for designing and I am
very satisfied with exposing to field of design.

Final Report of Building Project

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Final Report of Building Project

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PROJECT REPORT ON DESIGN OF A RESIDENTIAL

MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of

The Requirements for the award of the

Yahye A/kadir Waberi (16-BSS-ENG-152)

Department of Civil engineering

East Africa University

1. AIM OF THE PROJECT

• Safety from all natural source & climate conditions

• General facilities for community of his residential area.

• Access to park & play ground.

• Agriculture polytonality of the land.

• Contour of land in relation the building cost. Cost of land .

• Distance from places of work.

• Location with respect to school, collage & public buildings.

• Nature of use of adjacent area.

• Wind velocity and direction.

• Site is located nearly.

• No leveling is require since the land is must uniformly level.

• The ground is soft.

• Labour available near by the site.

• Houses are located near by the site.

a) LIMITATION OF BUILT UP AREA

Area of plot up to 200sq.m (240sq.yd) ---- maximum permissable built up area

Ground and first ---- 60% of site area on floor only.

201 to 500sq.m (241to 600sq.yd) ---- 50% of the site area.

501 to 1000sq.m (601 to 1200sq.yd) ---- 40% of the site area

More than 1000sq.m ---- 33% of the site area.

FLOOR AREA HIEGHT (m)

LIVING 10sqm (100sqft)

(breadth min 2.7 m or 9’) 3.3 (11’)

KITCHEN 6sqm (60sqft) 3.0 (10’)

BATH 2sqm (20sqft) 2.7 (9’)

LATTRINE 1.6sqm (16sqft) 2.7 (9’)

BATH & WATER CLOSET 3.6sqm (36sqft) 2.7 (9’)

SERVANT ROOM 10sqm (100sqft) 3.0 (10’)

GARAGE 2.5*4.8 m (8’*16’) 3.0 (10’)

MIN. HIEGHT OF PLINTH

FOR MAIN BUILDING ------- 0.6 (2’)

MIN. HIEGHT OF PLINTH FOR

SERVANT QUARTES ------- 0.3 (1’)

MIN. DEPTH OF FOUNDATION ------- 0.9 (3’)

THICKNESS OF WALL 20cms to 30cms ------

DAMP PROOF COURSE 2cms to 2.5cms thick full width of

(3/4” to1”) plinth wall

• Line of building frontage and minimum plot sizes.

• Open spaces around residential building.

• Minimum standard dimensions of building elements.

• Provisions for lighting and ventilation.

• Provisions for safety from explosion.

• Provisions for means of access.

• Provisions for drainage and sanitation.

• Provisions for safety of works against hazards.

• Requirements for off-street parking spaces.

• Requirements for landscaping.

• Special requirements for low income housing.

• Size of structural elements.

READING ROOM/ CLASS ROOM:

BATH & W.C:

Some helpful points regarding the orientation of a building are as follows:-

• Absorb more heat of sun which causes discomfort during night.

The factors that effect orientation most are as follows.

• Intensity of wind site condition

GARAGE 2.54.8 m (8’16’) 3.0 (10’)