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04 Unit Operations in Food Processing Contact Equilibrium Separation Processes-3: Extraction
04 Unit Operations in Food Processing Contact Equilibrium Separation Processes-3: Extraction
: 04
Paper Title : UNIT OPERATIONS IN FOOD PROCESSING
Module – 21 : Contact equilibrium separation processes- 3:
Extraction
Extraction
•coffee
•sugar
Solubility
The highest possible solute concentration in the final extract leaving an
extraction system is the saturation concentration. Thus, solvent to solids
ratio must be high enough such that, when fresh solvent contacts fresh
solids, the resulting solution on equilibrium, will be below the saturation
concentration of solute.
Equilibrium
Equilibrium is a condition where the solute concentration in both the solid
and the solvent phases are equal. In order for equilibrium to occur,
enough contact time must be allowed for the solid and solvent phases.
The extent to which the equilibrium concentration of solute in the solvent
phase is reached in an extraction stage is expressed as a stage efficiency.
If equilibrium is reached in an extraction stage, the stage is 100% efficient
and is designated an “ideal stage”.
Types of Extraction Processes
Example: Leaching of coffee from ground coffee beans with hot water
Equipment
Due to the difficulty of circulating solids, leaching is often carried out in
batch fashion. Therefore, leaching equipment can be classified into:
Batch extractors
Continuous extractors
Countercurrent Extractors