Forman Christian College University, Lahore

(A Chartered University)

Department of Geography

(324)

Settlement, Patterns and Processes

Submitted To: Sohail Ahmad Majoka

Submitted By: Ubaid Nasir.

Roll # 13-10361
Comparison between the two cities-
Contents
Introduction to city: (a) LAHORE:..............................................................................................................4

Civic administration.................................................................................................................................5

Administrative towns of Lahore..............................................................................................................5

Economic aspect:.....................................................................................................................................5

Population...............................................................................................................................................6

Introduction to city: (b) KARACHI.............................................................................................................7

Economy..................................................................................................................................................7

Civic administration:................................................................................................................................9

Comparison between the two:...................................................................................................................10

Demographics of Lahore...........................................................................................................................10

Urban demographics.............................................................................................................................10

POPULATION:....................................................................................................................................10

LANGUAGE:.......................................................................................................................................11

Karachi Demographics:.............................................................................................................................12

POPULATION (1981 1998).................................................................................................................12

LANGUAGE: (1981- 1998)..................................................................................................................12

Biblography:..............................................................................................................................................13
Introduction to city: (a) LAHORE:

Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the

country. A native of Lahore is called Lahori. It is the largest native Punjabi-populated city in the

world and an important historical centre of the country. Lahore is situated near India with the

closest Indian city being Amritsar, the holiest place for Sikhs being located only 31 miles (50

km) away. With a rich history dating back over a millennium, Lahore is a main cultural centre of

Punjab and Pakistan. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains an

economic, political, transportation, entertainment, and educational hub. It is referred to as the

"Mughal City of Gardens" due to the historic presence of gardens in and around the city dating

back to the Mughal period.

.Lahore is referred to as the cultural heart of Pakistan as it hosts most of the arts, cuisine,

festivals, film-making, music, gardening and intelligentsia of the country. Lahore has always

been a centre for publications, where 80 percent of Pakistan's books are published and remains

the foremost centre of literary, educational and cultural activity in Pakistan. It is also an

important religious centre as it is home to hundreds of temples, mosques, and shrines like Data

Durbar Complex. According to the 1998 census, Lahore's population was 6,310,000. A 2010

government estimate now puts the population at 10,000,000. It is ranked 25 in the most

populated urban areas in the world and the 8th largest city within the Organization of Islamic

Cooperation. Lahore has expanded almost double area-wise in the last 12 to 14 years. In 2010,

Lahore was ranked as a Gamma+ world city.

The Guardian has rated Lahore as the 2nd best tourist destination in Pakistan. Lahore also hosted

the 2nd Islamic World Conference in 1974.

Civic administration

Under the latest revision of Pakistan's administrative structure, promulgated in 2001, Lahore was

tagged as a City District, and divided into nine towns.Each town in turn consists of a group of

union councils (U.C.'s).

Administrative towns of Lahore

Ravi Town

Shalimar Town

Wagah Town

Aziz Bhatti Town

Data Ganj Bakhsh Town

Gulberg Town

Samanabad Town

Iqbal Town

Nishter Town

Lahore Cantt
Economic aspect:

As of 2008, the city's gross domestic product (GDP) by purchasing power parity (PPP) was

estimated at $40 billion with a projected average growth rate of 5.6 percent. This is at par with

Pakistan's economic hub, Karachi, with Lahore (having half the population) fostering an

economy that is 51% of the size of Karachi's ($78 billion in 2008). The contribution of Lahore to

the national economy is supposed to be around 13.2%. As a whole Punjab has $115 billion

economy making it first and to date only Pakistani Subdivision of economy more than $100

billion at the rank 144

Lahore's economic strength relies on the fact that it is the biggest city of Pakistan's most

populous province. It is also the most advanced in terms of infrastructure, having extensive and

relatively well developed road links to all major cities in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a rail

link with India and the province's biggest International airport. It also has the most developed

communications infrastructure in the Pakistan, which includes a wide network of fiber optic

telephone and cable lines, GSM mobile network, IPP and WiMax. It has the most developed

education and health sectors as well, making it the economic, political and educational hub of

Pakistan. As Lahore expands, former residential areas are being turned into commercial centres,

and the suburban population is constantly moving outwards. This has resulted in the

development of the Liberty Market, MM Alam Road, the new Jail Road (which has some of the

largest office buildings in Lahore), and the Main Boulevard.

Population

According to the 1998 census, Lahore's population was 6,318,745. Estimate for 2010 is more than

10,000,000, making it the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. It is considered to be one of the 30

largest cities of the world.

Introduction to city: (b) KARACHI

Karachi iis the largest and most populous metropolitan city of Pakistan and its main seaport and

financial centre, as well as the capital of Sindh province. The city has an estimated population of

23.5 million people as of April 2013, and a density of nearly 6,000 people per square kilometre

(15,500 per square mile).Karachi is the 3rd-largest city in the world by population within city

limitsand the 11th-largest urban agglomeration.t is Pakistan's centre of banking, industry,

economic activity and trade and is home to Pakistan's largest corporations, including those

involved in textiles, shipping, automotive industry, entertainment, the arts, fashion, advertising,

publishing, software development and medical research. The city is a hub of higher education in

South Asia and the Muslim world

The city is located in the south of the country, along the coastline meeting the Arabian Sea. It is

spread over 3,527 km2 (1,362 sq mi) in area. It is known as the "City of Lights" and "The Bride

of the Cities" for its liveliness, and the "City of the Quaid" having been the birth and burial place

of Quaid-e-Azam, the Great Leader, (Muhammad Ali Jinnah), the founder of Pakistan, who

made the city his home after Pakistan's independence from the British Raj on 14 August 1947.

Economy

Karachi is the financial and commercial capital of Pakistan. In line with its status as a major port

and the country's largest metropolis, it accounts for a lion's share of Pakistan's revenue.

According to the Federal Board of Revenue's 2006–2007 year book, tax and customs units in

Karachi were responsible for 46.75% of direct taxes, 33.65% of federal excise tax, and 23.38%

of domestic sales tax. Karachi accounts for 75.14% of customs duty and 79% of sales tax on

imports.
Therefore, Karachi collects 53.38% of the total collections of the Federal Board of Revenue, out

of which 53.33% are customs duty and sales tax on imports. (Note: Revenue collected from

Karachi includes revenue from some other areas since the Large Tax Unit (LTU) Karachi and

Regional Tax Offices (RTOs) Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur & Quetta cover the entire province of

Sindh and Balochistan). Karachi's indigenous contribution to national revenue is around 25%.

Karachi is the nerve center of Pakistan's economy. The economic stagnation caused by political

anarchy, ethnic strife and resultant military operation during late 1980s and 1990s led to an exit

of industry from Karachi. Most of Pakistan's public and private banks are headquartered on

Karachi's I. I. Chundrigar Road; according to a 2001 report, nearly 60% of the cashflow of the

Pakistani economy takes place on I. I. Chundrigar Road. Most major foreign multinational

corporations operating in Pakistan have their headquarters in Karachi. The Karachi Stock

Exchange is the largest stock exchange in Pakistan, and is considered by many economists to be

one of the prime reasons for Pakistan's 8% GDP growth across 2005. A recent report by Credit

Suisse on Pakistan's stock market is a testimonial to its strong fundamentals, estimating

Pakistan’s relative return on equities at 26.7 percent, compared to Asia’s 11 percent.

As one of the most rapidly growing cities in the world, Karachi faces challenges that are central

to many developing metropolises, including traffic congestion, pollution, poverty and street

crime.
These problems continue to earn Karachi low rankings in livability comparisons: The Economist

ranked Karachi fourth least livable city amongst the 132 cities surveyed and Business Week

ranked it 175 out of 215 in livability in 2007, down from 170 in 2006. An average of six people

per day is killed in Karachi and Former Police Chief Ahmed Farooqi has said that the violence is

beyond the control of law enforcement. By 2013 the murder rate had doubled to about a dozen

per day.

Civic administration:

The first fop of government was a conservancy board established in 1846 to control the spread of

cholera in the city. The board became a municipal commission in 1852, and a municipal

committee the following year. The City of Karachi Municipal Act of 1933 transformed the city

administration into a municipal corporation with a mayor, a deputy mayor and 57 councillors. In

1948, the Federal Capital Territory of Pakistan was created, comprising approximately 2,103

km2 (812 sq mi) of Karachi and surrounding areas, but this was merged into the province of

West Pakistan in 1961. However, the municipal corporation remained in existence and in 1976

became a metropolitan corporation, followed by the creation of zonal municipal committees,

which lasted until 1994. Two years later the metropolitan area was divided into five districts,

each with a municipal corporation.

City District Government of Karachi has been de-merged into its five original constituent

districts namely Karachi East, Karachi West, Karachi Central, Karachi South and Malir. These

five districts form the Karachi Division now. City administrator is Muhammad Hussain Syed and

Municipal Commissioner of Karachi is Matanat Ali Khan. There are also six military

cantonments which are administered by the Military.

Comparison between the two:

Karachi and Lahore are two major cities of Pakistan. First one is financial hub of the country and

known as important port of the South Asia, and second one is historical city and has its own

special value as it was very important in Mughal Era. 

People of Karachi and Lahore always compare these two cities with each other in every field like

Education, Sports, Showbiz, Health and also Culture. People of both cities admire their own city

as superior. It's very healthful for development of the cities as well.

Karachi is called "Mini Pakistan" because there live people from every area of the country. It's a

metropolitan city and people are very helpful.

Lahore is called "City of Jolly People" or "Zinda Dil City ". People of Lahore are very warm

welcome. They are funny, entertainer and never leave a chance of fun. 

Demographics of Lahore

Urban demographics

POPULATION:

According to the 1998 census, Lahore's population was 6,318,745. Mid-2006 government

estimates put the population at somewhere around 10 million, which makes it the second largest

city in Pakistan, after Karachi. It is considered to be one of the 30 largest cities of the world.
LANGUAGE:

Punjabi is the native language of the province and is the most widely spoken language in Lahore.

Punjabi is the primary means of communication in both the city and adjoining rural areas.

Punjabi has no official status in Lahore and some Punjabi activists have raised demands for

recognition of Punjabi.

English has become increasingly popular with educated and younger people due to its official

status in government and preferred language status for business. Many Punjabi speakers in

Lahore are known as Majha Dialect Of Punjabi.

According to the 1998 census,

86.2% or 6,896,000 of the population are Punjabis;

10.2% or 816,000 are Urdu speakers

the Seraikis, at 0.4%, number about 32,000.

Karachi Demographics:

POPULATION (1981 1998)

Total population 5.437 million 9.856 million

Female percentage 45.67 46.17

Intercensal growth percentage 50.77 81.25

Growth rate (percentage per year) 4.6 3.5

Intercensal annual growth (population) 183,123 259,882

Population under 15 (percentage) 41.48 37.61

Decrease in infant mortality (percentage) - 32

LANGUAGE: (1981- 1998)

Urdu (percentage) 54.34 48.52

Punjabi (percentage) 13.64 13.94

Sindhi (percentage) 6.29 7.22

Pushto (percentage) 8.71 11.42

Baluchi (percentage) 4.39 4.34

Seraiki (percentage) 0.35 2.11

Others (percentage) 12.27 12.44

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