Answers

8. Nocturnal animals are active at night; [1] nocturnal

 animals often have good eyesight or hearing. [1]
9. So that the leaves do not need water, which may not

be available because it is frozen in the ground. [1]
10. (Migrating helps birds to survive because the warmer
areas contain more) food/mating partners; [1] (If the
birds did not migrate) they could die. [1]
Chapter 3: Habitats and the environment 11. a) Small/ground-dwelling insects/invertebrates. [1]
b) The
 insects can crawl underneath, but rain won’t
get in. [1]
3.1 Adaptations of organisms
c) To  avoid the animals escaping or being eaten
1. Tilapia fish – river; [1] hawk – tree; [1] worm – soil. [1] before they are counted. [1]
2. Any two from: temperature; [1] light; [1] water; [1]
wind. [1] 3.2 Food chains
3. The other organisms and physical factors in the 1. Eats; [1] energy; [1] producer; [1] food. [1]
surroundings. [1]
2. Predator – barracuda; [1] prey – anchovy; [1]
4. a) Pooter [1] producer – phytoplankton. [1]
b) Magnifying glass or hand lens. [1] 3.   a) Star grass  →  harvester ant → aardvark →
5. a) One mark for all totals correct. hyena [1]
b) Top  predator: hyena; [1] primary consumer:
Type of insect Total number found
harvester ant; [1] secondary consumer:
Springtail 2 aardvark. [1]
Mantis 4 4. Producers [1]
True bug 8 5. Herbivores are animals that only eat plants. [1]
Carnivores are those that only eat other animals. [1]
Thrip 6
Those that eat plants and animals are omnivores. [1]
b) Both
 axis labelled correctly, [1] correct size of 6. Direction of the flow of energy. [1]
bars, [1], appropriate scale for both axis. [1]
7. Organisms need food because it gives them energy.
c) Worked example [1] This is released from food during respiration [1]
6. Large feet – stop bear sinking into snow/good for and is needed for life processes such as growth or
swimming; [1] small ears – reduces heat loss from movement. [1]
ears; [1] white fur – stops bear being seen by animals 8. Challenge Yes, it is true, because plants form the
it hunts. [1] start of the food chain and allow energy to be passed
7. Challenge Oily fur – sheds water to keep bat dry; on to consumers. [1] We would have no food without
[1] a special ability to detect movement on water plants. [1]
surfaces – for catching prey. [1] 9. Award one mark for each correct column. [4]

Desert Jerboa Cobra Peregrine

➔ ➔ ➔
grass (rodent) (snake) falcon (bird)
Producer ✓
Herbivore ✓
Carnivore ✓ ✓
Primary consumer ✓
Secondary consumer ✓
Top predator ✓
Prey ✓ ✓
✂