MARSHAL-LAW (1969)

The second instance occur when the Army Chief declared Martial law, dissolved the assemblies.
On April 3, he formed a three-member Council of Administration with himself as its Chairman,

and next day issued Provisional Constitution Order, On April 8, he ordered that Martial Law
Administrators of East and West Pakistan will also be able to perform duties of the governors.

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Chairman Pakistan People's Party, took over as president and the first
civilian Chief Martial Law Administrator held on December 20, 1971.

MARSHAL-LAW (1977)

On September 21, 1977, General Zia UL haq issued a 15-point code of ethics to regulate the election
campaign.. 

On October 1, the elections were postponed indefinitely. On November 10, 1977 the Supreme Court
imposition martial law, under the doctrine of necessity and need of hour of country.

In its judgement dismissing Begum Nusrat Bhutto's challenging detention under martial law of former
Prime Minister Z.A. Bhutto and 10 others, the nine-member court headed after massive rigging of
elections followed by complete breakdown of law and order situation and to bring the country back to
its normal level.

Zia's martial law came to an end on December 30, 1985.

(1) Nurul Amin ( 7-Dec-1971 to 20-Dec-1971)

In the elections of 1970 held in Pakistan, Nurul Amin was elected to the National Assembly.
On 20 December 1971, however, Yahya Khan resigned, leaving the Deputy Prime Minister
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto  as the new President. Two days later, Nurul Amin was appointed as Vice
President of Pakistan, the only person to have held this post. He continued to hold this post
until martial law was lifted on 21 April 1972.

Honour given to Nurul Amin:

Nurul Amin was a very special person in the history of Pakistan he was very close to Quaid
because he was lieutenant and a very brave fighter for the Pakistani movement.

A very special honour was given to Nurul Amin he was buried in Jinnah Mausoleum next to
Jinnah. In his tomb his contributions was written with golden letters.

(2) Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto ( 1973-1977)

Bhutto was sworn in as the 8th prime minister of the country on 14 August 1973. Zulfiqar Bhutto
made a lot of reforms to make the Muslims prosperous and happy.

There are some important reforms listed below:

Constitutional reforms:

Bhutto is considered the main architect or person in the development of 1973 constitution as
part of his vision to put Pakistan to road to success. One of the major achievements in Bhutto's
tenure was drafting or mapping the Pakistan's first ever consensus constitution in Pakistan.

Domestic reforms:

The Bhutto government made a lot of reforms in the industrial sector. His reforms were
twofold: nationalization, and the improvement of worker’s rights.  Bhutto also established
number of Schools for better education facilities in Rural and urban areas. He also made Quaid-
e-Azam & Allama-Iqbal Open University in 1974. About 7000 new hostels were planned after
the 1977 elections. He made a large number of reforms but only few are discussed there.

Land, flood and agriculture reforms:

Bhutto worked day and night and made special reforms for small farmers. He introduced a
number of reforms for farmers he said that for the development of Pakistan farmers’ current
situation is fragile. Bhutto established the factories like Rice hulling & sugar hulling etc.
Economic policy:

Mr. Bhutto has the credit of forming the first popularly government at that time. Bhutto as a
prime minister made the economic policies mainly to prevent Pakistan from division. His
important policy was Nationalization Major heavy machinery and a lot of Industries were
immediately nationalized by him. Moreover, Bhutto banned the Ayub khan’ policies and
introduces the socialist policies to reduce rich get richer and poor get poorer ratio. Bhutto

established the PORT QASIM , & PAKISTAN STEEL MILLLS. Bhutto’s policies did not
got a lot of appreciation but the condition of poor people in the country got benefit. Bhutto’s
Land reforms program helped a lot to the landless tenants. Bhutto has a great role in the
promulgation of `1973 `constitution, which is considered to be a very strong or significant
contribution. We all know that Constitution has remained a very large problem in the history of
Pakistan. Pakistan made his first constitution after the nine years of his independence. The
constitution of 1962 was a mockery which has made the president very powerful person in
government. But 1973 constitution is an excellent document.

In the economical reforms Bhutto also founded the National Development finance
Corporation (NDFC). The main aim was only to finance public sector as well as Private sector.
This NDFC is currently the largest development sector in Pakistan. About 42 projects financed
and these projects contributed the 10,761 million to Pakistan’s GDP. We can confidently say
that economy of Pakistan increased during the Zulfiqar’s tenure.

(3) Muhammad khan Junejo (1985-1988)

Muhammad khan as a prime minister made some contributions like FIVE-POINT program in
Dec 1985. This program has its many dimensions. The main aim was to increase the
justice,economy,employment opportunities in the country. Although, his contributions are
limited but he restored the rights of citizens. He put the country on the road of development. He
was very honest and had a developed political personality traits which are still not present in
every leader of Pakistan.

(4) Benazir Bhutto ( 1988-1990)

Human rights:
The situation of women, minorities and the poor children of the earth was very depressed and
miserable. Benazir Bhutto worked a lot for the human rights in Pakistan.She worked for the
protection of weak from the strong people of Society.

She also worked for the rights of Women and Children the PPP parliaments promote the
concept of universal female education and protection of Child mainly to encourage the honour of
the women in the society.She also worked for the encouragement to NGOs to work for the
empowerment of women and minorities.
Education:
Our founder of nation and the great Quaid said that the building of any nation always based on
the Education system. Benazir Bhutto as a prime minister worked on the education and
promoted the centre of excellence,physics field and established centre for the nuclear medicines.
Enhancement of Computer literacy program:
During the Benazir govt textbooks at the at primary school level are providing free of cost so that
the students can eligible for additional govt support.
Access to the internet:
Internet service was also provided for the schooling students so that they can access to the
worldwide very easily.
Increase in education budget:
According to that current requirement PPP increased the education budget with the billions of
money mainly to keep the education as atop priority in the country.Because, education is a only
weapon due to which young generation can fight with the whole world in every field of life with
the new technologies.
(5) Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi ( Aug 1990-Nov 1990)
Mr.Jatoi was named as a prime minister in the caretaker govt of Pakistan.In the elections of
October 1990 Nawaz Sharif won the majority votes and elected as a prime minister but after the
dismissal of Nawaz sharif again in the cases of corruption on 19th April 1993, Mr Jatoi was
elected as a caretaker prime minister to the National Assembly in 1993 polls.Mr Jatoi knew that
the common touch matters and this served him in good stead. He had differences of opinion with
party workers in the different policies but he always succeeded in recovering his status.

(6) Nawaz Sharif ( 1990-1993)

Nawaz sharif became the 12th prime minister of Pakistan on 1st Nov 1990 as well as the head of
IJI. He took the many conservative policies and took steps for the Islamization and conservatism

at once. Reforms made by prime minister was due to introduce the Fiscal, supply-economics and
religious conversations in Pakistan.

He also raised the issue of Kashmir at International level and also for a peaceful environment in
Afghanistan.He intensified the Zia policies in Pakistan.

He made the committee like:

 Ittehad-e-bain-ul-Muslemeen committee.
 Nifaz-e-Shariat Committee made by Zia.
 Islamic Welfare Committee

In short, he also faced some issues like Domestic issues.He also made policies like Science
policy and Nuclear policy.

But his first tenure lasted in July 1993 due to the extreme pressure from the Army forces

(7) Balakh Sher Mazari ( April 1993-May 1993)

He was a caretaker prime minister after the dissimilar of Nawaz sharif. After being appointed as
a prime minister he had to serve only for 90 days.Mazari scheduled the elections for 14 July
1993.
 (8) Moeeundin Ahmad Qureshi (July 1993-Oct 1993)
He was a true Pakistani in a true sense and also great Loyal and patriot person.He was the
caretaker Prime minister of Pakistan from July and October 1993. He also served as a senior
president in World bank.
In 1993 Pakistan faced major constitutional problems at that time Qureshi who was in Singapore
in 1993 received a phone call from President to form a caretaker prime minister. He agreedly
accepted the offer and came Pakistan at that time he was not very popular in the Public. He
remained only for three months as a prime minister but he took many reform.he introduced the
process of Payment culture more-ever, he made National library and also encourages its
importance despite his attempts to grow up economy his main task was to hold general elections

in 1993and as a result general elections held that year and Pakistan peoples party led by the
Benazir bhutto in 1993.

(9) Benazir bhutto (Oct 1993- Nov 1996)

These are the following policies done by Benazir bhutto in her second tenure:

 -- International Serat Conference event.

 -- Ulema Conventions in all provinces of Pakistan.
 -- Re-organization of Council of Islamic Ideology in country.
 -- Initiation of Haj flights from Lahore airports.
 -- Re-admission of Pakistan to the Common Wealth nations.
 -- Organization of SAARC conference in Pakistan.
 -- Establishment of a Nuclear Power Plant under a bilateral agreement with China.
 -- Successful negotiations with IMF for easier funding terms.
 -- Withdrawal of Russian army and peace initiatives in Afghanistan.
-- Establishment of 60,000 new literacy centers
 -- Establishment of a separate Ministry for Youth Affairs in country.
 -- Establishment of Federal Youth Council.
 -- Comprehensive planning for youth development in country.
 -- Establishment of a Women Ministry mainly to address women specific issues
 First exclusive bank for women.

Benazir bhutto has done a lot of policies in his second tenure but only few are listed there.On 6th
Nov 1996 her second tenure had come to its ends.
(10) Nawaz sharif (1997-1999)
In elections of 1997 Nawaz sharif come in the power again and this time he made many
policies in country.Some of the important policies are described here:
 Atomic policy
 1998 nuclear tests
 Economical effects of tests

 Political effects of tests

 Space program
 Foreign policy
 Constitutional amendments
 Policy on Anti-terrorism
(11) Zafarullah khan Jamali ( 2002-2004)

In the general elections of 2002 Jamali won the seat of Prime minister with the great support of
his colleagues he was actually the 13th prime minister of Pakistan.
Foreign policy
In 2004, Jamali visited Afghanistan and it was the first highest-level visit from Pakistan since
the fall of the Taliban government in 2001 which was an ally of Pakistan in reality. Jamali
between the government of both countries in everything, from trade to terrorism. Jamali
announced donations of about 300 buses and trucks, scholarships for Afghan students and aid
for improvement of road.

In October 2003 Jamali visited the United States.Jamali vowed to improve relations with
India immediately after assuming office and procuring a peace agreement and He appointed a
special envoy to improve relations between these countries and lessen tensions between the two
countries which had arisen during the 1990s and early 2000s.
 Dismissal:
In 2004, Jamali suddenly announced his resignation on television after a three-hour meeting with
Pervaiz Musharraf. There had been rumour of Jamali's strained relationship with Musharraf on
the execution of government policies. 
(12) Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain (June 2004- Aug 2004)

Ch. Shujaat husaain was also an caretaker Prime minister after Zafarullah. An important
contribution done by this prime minister was Introduction to defamation Bill.Another significant
announcement made by him was that the coffin of Chaudhry Rehmat Ali, Later, he coined the
word ‘Pakistan’ for the Muslims who lived in the five northern states of India – Punjab, North
West Frontier (Afghan) Province, Kashmir, Sindh and Baluchistan.