PRECALCULUS

Quarter 2
Module 10
Linear Angle and Measurement, Coterminal Angles

Learner’s Packet
 GRADE 11
PRECALCULUS
Linear and Angle Measurement

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Vilma A. Panesa & Jeffrey John G. De Leon

Editor:

Reviewer:
Illustrator:

Layout Artist:
Management Team:

1
 Radian and Degree Measure
Lesson e

1
What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Convert degree measure to radian measure

2. Convert radians to measure of an angle

3. Find the length of an arc intercepted by the given angle.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

3𝜋
1. Which of the following is equal to ?
4

A. 800 B. 1350 C. 1800 D. 2250

5𝜋
2. Which of the following is equal to ?
7

A. 47.40 B. 118.50 C. 128.60 D. 218.70

3. Find the radian measure of 680.
17𝜋 17𝜋 34𝜋
A. 𝜋 B. C. D.
45 90 90

4. Which of the following is equal to -450?

𝜋 9𝜋
A. - B. C. −𝜋 D. 4𝜋
4 4

5. What is the arc length subtended by the central angle of 110 on a circle of radius 50
cm?
A. 28.26 B. 95.94 C. 120.35 D. 157.18
 What’s In

A unit circle is a circle whose radius is one unit, and it is used to show
certain common angles (in degrees and radians and coordinates).

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/326229566732966486/

Activity 1: Inn-the-Table

Compete the table below by supplying the equivalent value of degree and radian measures

Degree Measures Radian Measures

360°

270°

180°

120°

90°

45°

30°

1°
 What’s New

Tire, gear, clock, perish wheel are some of representation of circle. Have you wonder their
linear measures when this figure rotates? Have you checked how far they will go when
rotated? We focus on identifying measures in degree, how about its length as it rotates
many times? How about the length of its sector in relation to degree measure? Well its your
turn to it out into radian measure in a unit circle.

Check this out!

Wind turbine I thought it spun 4𝜋

rotated 720 degrees radians in 16 seconds
in 16 seconds. from a tip of its blade.

What Is It

When a central angle intercepts an arc that has the same length as a radius of a
circle, the measure of this angle is defined to be one radian.
Radians are often used instead of degrees when measuring angles.
 The circumference of the circle is known 2𝜋𝑟, where 𝑟 is the length of the radius
while a complete revolution is equal to 3600 . Radians are related to degree where in
2𝜋 radians correspond to 3600 .

That is; 2𝜋 radians = 3600 also 𝜋 radians = 1800

Thus, we can obtain the equation

𝜋 1800
radians = 10 and 1 radian = ( approximately 57.30 )
1800 𝜋

This indicates that we can convert degrees to radian and vice versa. To convert
𝜋
degrees to radians, multiply the number of degrees by . On the other hand, to convert
1800

1800
radians to degree, multiply the number of radians by .
𝜋

Example 1. Convert 720 and 1100 measures to radians (rad)

Solution:

𝜋 2𝜋
a. 720 = 720 ⋅ = rad
1800 5
𝜋 11𝜋
b. 1100 = 1100 ⋅ = rad
1800 18

𝜋 2𝜋
Example 2. Express and radians to degree measure.
6 5
𝜋 𝜋 1800
a. = ⋅ = 300
6 6 𝜋
2𝜋 2𝜋 1800
b. = ⋅ = 720
5 5 𝜋

What’s More

Consider the figure below, the 𝜽 in standard position, 𝑟 is the radius and let s be the
arc length intercepted by the angle so we can say the measure of the angle is equal to one
radian

If 𝜽 is the measure of the angle in radians, then s, r and 𝜽 can be equated to:
 𝒔
𝜽= therefore, to find the arclength s = 𝐫𝜽
𝐫

Example3 What is the arc length subtended by the central angle of 300 on a circle of
radius 12 cm?

Solution

a. First, convert degree to radian measure

𝜋 𝜋
300 = 300 ⋅ = rad
1800 6

. b. Second, find the arc length

s = r𝜃
𝜋
s =12 ( )
6
s = 2𝜋 or 7.85 cm

Example 4 A circle has a radius of 4 inches. Find the length of the arc intercepted by
the central angle at 2200 .

Solution

a. First , convert degree to radian measure

𝜋 11𝜋
2200 = 2200 ⋅ = rad
1800 9

b. Second, find the arclength

s = r𝜃
11𝜋
s=4( )
9
44𝜋
s, = or 15.35
9

Example 5 A jeepney’s wheel is 0.6 m long. The wheel rotates at 80 revolutions per
minute.
What is the linear speed from a point of the wheels tread?

Solution

1 revolution produces 2𝜋 radians, so (80)( 2𝜋 ) = 160𝜋 radians per minute.

The linear speed is s = r𝜃, the radius of the wheel r = 0.3 m.

𝑠 r𝜃 (0.3)160𝜋
= =
𝑡 𝑡 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛

0.3∗160𝜋
= ( ) = 150.72 m/minutes
1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
 What I Have Learned

Activity 2 Complete the following statements

1. A Radian__________________________________

2. The circumference of the circle is known to be _______

3. One complete revolution is equal to ________.

4. To convert degrees to radians, multiply the number of degrees by _______.

5. to convert radians to degree, multiply the number of radians by _________ .

Activity 3: Changing Time

A. Convert degree measure to radian measure as a multiple of 𝜋

1. 600
2. 1400
3. 180
4. 2250
5. −450

B. Convert radian measure to degree measure

𝜋
1. radians
3

3𝜋
2. radians
4

5𝜋
3. radians
4

9𝜋
4. radians
2

7𝜋
5. − radians
12
 C. Convert the angle measure from degrees to radians. Your answer in 2 decimal

places

1. 100
2. 12.50
3. −550
4. 1350
5. 8050

D. Convert radian measure to degree measure. Use 𝜋 = 3,14

12𝜋
1. radians
7

𝜋
2. radians
4

17𝜋
3. − radians
2

𝜋
4. radians
7

3𝜋
5. − radians
19

What I Can Do

Activity 4: Problem Solving

1. Find the length of the arc on a circle of radius r intercepted by a central angle 𝜃

r = 3 , 𝜃 = 900

2. Use the given arc length and radius to find the angle 𝜃

82°

3. A point on the outside edge of a wheel moves through a 240 angle . What is the
radian measure of the angle?
Activity 5
Choose the letter of the correct answer from the box below and write it on the space
provided for each number

Cat Inspired

Catriona Gray’s Christmas Parol inspired national costume

showcased the culture of the 3 main island groups in the Philippines.
The beauty queen’s ensemble is dubbed as

_____ ____ _____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ ___ ___
8 4 2 3 7 9 7 1 6 5
Credits to Catriona Gray

Convert the following into degree measure or radian measure. Look for your answers inside
the box.

1. 400
4𝜋
2.
5

3. 1350
2𝜋
4.
5

5. 2400
𝜋
6.
10

7. 20
8. 6𝜋
9. 12.50

4𝜋 𝜋 M 0.22 U 72
A I
3 90

9𝜋 5𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋
B J N V
12 4 9 4

C 360 3𝜋
K S 0.11 Y 45
8

D 180 L 1080 T 0.33 Z 144

 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Answer the question that follows. Choose the best answer from
among the given choices.
2𝜋
1. Which of the following is equal to ?
9

A. 400 B. 1300 C. 1900 D. 3100

8𝜋
2. Which of the following is equal to ?
11

A. 72.70 B. 63.50 C. 58.20 D. 49.70

3. Find the radian measure of 4500.
3𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋
A. 𝜋 B. C. D.
2 3 5

4. Which of the following is equal to -330?

33𝜋 11𝜋
A. − B. − C. −57.6 D. −.5757
18 60

5. What is the arc length of a circle with radius of 12 cm which subtends a central angle
of 100?
A. 20.93 B. 40.93 C. 60.93 D. 80.93

Answer Key

What I Know Assessment

1. B 1. A
2. C 2. C
3. B 3. B
4. A 4. D
5. B 5. A
 2𝜋 𝜋
What’s in
2
3𝜋
Activity 1 𝜋
2
4
𝜋
𝜋
2𝜋 6
3 𝜋
180

What I Have Learned

Activity 2
1. Measure of central angle of a circle that is subtended by an arc whose length is
the same as the radius of the circle.
2. 2𝜋𝑟
3. 3600
𝜋
4. 0
180
1800
5. 𝜋

Activity 3
𝜋
A 1.
3
7𝜋
2.
9
𝜋
3.
10
5𝜋
4.
4
𝜋
5. -
4

B. 1. 600 2. 1350 3. 2250 4. 8100 5. -1050

C.1. 0.17rad

2. 0.22rad

3. 0.96rad

4. 2.36rad

5. 14.04rad

Act 4 Problem Solving

2𝜋
1. 4.71 2. 85.99 3.
15

Activity 5 LUZVIMINDA
 Reference

Larson, Ron.Precalculus. Sampaloc Manila, Philippines. Rex Bookstore, Inc. 2019.

Hall, Betty, et.al. Algebra 2 with Trigonometry.Prentice Hall.Inc.Englewood Cliffs,New

Jersey07632.1993. p.738

Active Math(Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics,Custodio, Sergio,etc, Innovative

Educational materials, IncIEMI Bldg,2356 Revellin, Sta Ana ,Manila,p197

Coterminal Angles
Lesson e

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you are expected to

• illustrate the angles in standard position and the properties of coterminal

angles.
 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper

1. An angle in standard position whose measure is -30° has a its terminal side in
A. Quadrant I C. Quadrant III
B. Quadrant II D. Quadrant IV
2. In which quadrant is the terminal of an angle in standard position whose measure
is 2π/3?
A. Quadrant I C. Quadrant III
B. Quadrant II D. Quadrant IV
3. An angle in standard position whose measure is 1330° has a its terminal side in
A. Quadrant I C. Quadrant III
B. Quadrant II D. Quadrant IV
4. In which quadrant is the terminal of an angle in standard position whose measure
is -7π/4?
A. Quadrant I C. Quadrant III
B. Quadrant II D. Quadrant IV
5. An angle in standard position whose measure is -1550° has a its terminal side in
A. Quadrant I C. Quadrant III
B. Quadrant II D. Quadrant IV
6. Find the measure of a positive angle coterminal with 410°
A. 40° C. 20°
B. 90° D. 50°
7. Find the measure of a negative angle coterminal with 25°
A. -335° C. -320°
B. -325° D. -315°
17𝜋
8. Find the measure of a negative angle coterminal with radians.
10
−7𝜋 −𝜋
A. C.
10 10
−3𝜋 −5𝜋
B. D.
10 10

9. Find the angle between 0° and 360° that is coterminal with 735°
A. 35° C. 15°
B. 25° D. -15°
13𝜋
10. Find the angle between 0 rad and 2π rad that is coterminal with radians.
2
7𝜋 𝜋
A. rad C. rad
11 5
𝜋 −5𝜋
B. rad D. rad
2 10
 What’s In

Angle Measure
An angle is formed by rotating a ray about its endpoint. In the figure shown below, the
initial side of \AOB is OA, while its terminal side is OB. An angle is said to be positive
if the ray rotates in a counterclockwise direction, and the angle is negative if it rotates
in a clockwise direction.

An angle is in standard position if it is drawn in the xy-plane with its vertex at the
origin and its initial side on the positive x-axis. The angles α , β , and θ in the
following figure are angles in standard position.

Coterminal Angles
Two angles in standard position that have a common terminal side are called
coterminal
angles. Observe that the degree measures of coterminal angles differ by multiples of
360°.
As a quick illustration, to find one coterminal angle with an angle that measures 410°,
just subtract 360°, resulting in 50°. See Figure 3.3.

FIGURE 3.3

What Is It

In the previous lesson, you have been able to illustrate the angles in standard
position and the coterminal angles. Most probably you have successfully figured it out
mentally. What makes it easy or difficult? Let us try to understand it further.

Example 1: Draw the following angle in standard position.

(1) -340° (3) 300°
37
(2) 150° (4) − π rad
36

Solution:
 (1) (3)

(2) (4)

Example 2: Find the angle coterminal with -380° that has measure
(1) between 0° and 360°
(2) between 360° and 0°

Solution: A negative angle moves in a clockwise direction, and the angle -380° lies in
Quadrant IV.
(1) -380° + 2 · 360° = 340°
(2) -380° + 360° = -20°

What’s More

1. Find the angle between 0° and 360° (if in degrees) or between 0 rad and 2π rad (if in
radians) that is coterminal with the given angle.
(a) 736°
(b) −28°48’65’’
13
(c) π rad
2

2. Find the angle between −360° and 0° (if in degrees) or between −2π rad and 0 rad
(if in radians) that is coterminal with the given angle.
(a) 142°
(b) −400°1’23’’
π
(c) rad
6
 What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks of the following statements with the correct missing words or
phrases.
1. An angle in standard position is an angle whose initial side lies on the _____ axis.
2. An angle creates a negative angle if it rotates in __________ direction.
3. An angle creates a _______ angle if it rotates in counterclockwise direction.
4. Two angles in standard position that have a common terminal side are called
_______ angles.
5. 45° is coterminal angle with ____ .

Assessment

1. An angle in standard position whose terminal side could lie in which quadrant?
A. Quadrant I C. Quadrant III
B. Quadrant II D. all of the above
2. In which quadrant is the terminal of an angle in standard position whose measure
is 130?
A. Quadrant I C. Quadrant III
B. Quadrant II D. Quadrant IV
3. An angle in standard position whose measure is 720° has a its terminal side in
A. Quadrant I C. X - axis
B. Quadrant II D. Y - axis
4. In which quadrant is the terminal of an angle in standard position whose measure
is -7π/4?
A. Quadrant I C. Quadrant III
B. Quadrant II D. Quadrant IV
5. An angle in standard position whose measure is -150° has a its terminal side in
A. Quadrant I C. Quadrant III
B. Quadrant II D. Quadrant IV
6. Find the measure of a positive angle coterminal with 30°
A. 340° C. 230°
B. 930° D. 390°
7. Find the measure of a negative angle coterminal with 95°
A. -265° C. -220°
B. -225° D. -215°
17𝜋
8. Find the measure of a negative angle coterminal with radians.
10
−7𝜋 −𝜋
A. C.
10 10
−3𝜋 −5𝜋
B. D.
10 10

9. Find the angle between 0° and 360° that is coterminal with 870°.
A. 135° C. 150°
B. 125° D. -150°
13𝜋
10. Find the angle between 0 rad and 2π rad that is coterminal with radians.
2
7𝜋 𝜋
A. rad C. rad
11 5
𝜋 −5𝜋
B. rad D. rad
2 10

Answer Key

What I Know
1. D 6. D
2. B 7. A
3. C 8. B
4. A 9. C
5. C 10. B

What’s More
1. a. 16°
b. 331°10’55’’
𝜋
c. rad
2

2. a. -218°
b. -40°1’23’’
−11𝜋
c. rad
6
What I have Learned
1. x
2. clockwise
3. positive
4. coterminal
5. 405° or -315°

Assessment
1. D 6. D
2. B 7. A
3. C 8. B
4. A 9. C
5. C 10. B

Reference

Teaching Guide For Senior High School Pre Calculus Core Subject
https://www.analyzemath.com/trigonometry_questions/angle_standard_position.html
 GRADE 11
PRECALCULUS
Circular Functions

Development Team of the Module

Author: Jeffrey John G. De Leon & Jericho Sim

Editor:

Reviewer:
Illustrator:

Layout Artist:
Management Team:

1
 Illustrate the different circular functions
Lesson e

1
What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you are expected to:

(1) Illustrate the different circular functions; and

(2) Use reference angles to find exact values of circular functions.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. What is the value of sin 30?
1 √3
A. C.
2 2

B. 1 D. 0
2. Evaluate cos 135.
√3 √2
A. C. −
2 2

B. 0 D. 1
3𝜋
3. What is the exact value of cos rad?
2

√3 √2
A. C. −
2 2

B. 0 D. 1
3
4. Suppose x is a real number such that sin x = and cos x < 0. Find tan x.
5
3 4
A. C. 5
4
3 4
B. − D. 3
4
 3
5. Suppose x is a real number such that tan x = 4 and sin x < 0. Find cos x.
4 4
A. C. − 5
5
3 4
B. − 5 D. 3

What’s In

We define the six trigonometric function in such a way that the domain
of each function is the set of angles in standard position. The angles are
measured either in degrees or radians. In this lesson, we will modify these
trigonometric functions so that the domain will be real numbers rather than
set of angles.

Circular Functions on Real Numbers

Recall that the sine and cosine functions (and four others: tangent, cosecant,

secant, and cotangent) of angles measuring between 0 and 90 degrees were

defined in the last quarter of Grade 9 as ratios of sides of a right triangle. It can

be verified that these definitions are special cases of the following definition.
 Example. Find the values of cos 135°, tan 135°, sin(-60°), and sec(-60°).

Solution: Refer to Figure 3.6 (a)

From properties of 45°,-45° and 30°, -60° right triangles (with hypotenuse
1 unit), we obtain the lengths of the legs as in Figure 3.6(b). Thus, the
coordinates of A and B are:
√2 √2 1 √3
A = (− , ) and B = ( , − )
2 2 2 2

Therefore, we get
√2
cos 135° = − , tan 135° = −1,
2

√3
sin (−60°) = − , sec (−60°) = 2.
2

From the last example, we may then also say that

𝜋 √2 𝜋 √3
cos ( 4 rad) = , sin (− 3 rad) = − , and so on.
2 2

From the above definitions, we define the same six functions on real numbers.
These functions are called trigonometric functions.
From the last example, we then have
𝜋 𝜋 √2
cos ( 4 ) = cos (4 rad) = cos 45° = 2

and
𝜋 𝜋 √3
sin (− 3 ) = sin (− 3 rad) = sin (−60°) = − .
2

In the same way, we have

tan 0 = tan (0 rad) = tan 0° = 0.

What Is It

In the previous example, you have been able to find the values of trigonometric
functions using the unit circle or the circular functions. But this time let us try to
understand it further.

3𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋
Example 1. Find the exact values of sin , cos , and tan .
2 2 2

3𝜋
Solution. Let P ( ) be the point on the unit circle and on the terminal side of the angle
2
3𝜋 3𝜋
in the standard position with measure rad. Then P ( ) = (0,-1), and so,
2 2

3𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋
sin = -1, cos = 0, but tan is undefined.
2 2 2

3
Example 2. Suppose s is a real number such that sin s = − and cos s > 0. Find cos s.
4

Solution. We may consider s as the angle with measure s rad. Let P(s) = (x, y) be the
point on the unit circle and on the terminal side of angle s.
3
Since P(s) is on the unit circle, we know that x2 + y2 = 1. Since sin s = y = − , we get
4

3 2 7 √7
x2 = 1 – y2 = 1 – (− ) = x=± .
4 16 4

√7
Since cos s = x > 0, we have cos s = .
4
Let P(x1, y1) and Q(x, y) be points on the terminal side of an angle θ in standard position,
where P is on the unit circle and Q on the circle of radius r (not necessarily 1) with center
also at the origin, as shown above. Observe that we can use similar triangles to obtain

𝑥1 𝑥 𝑦1 𝑦
cos θ = x1 = = and sin θ = y1 = = .
1 𝑟 1 𝑟

We may then further generalize the definitions of the six circular functions.

3 𝑦
We then have a second solution for Example 2 as follows. With sin s = − and sin s = ,
4 𝑟
we may choose y = −3 and r = 4 (which is always positive). In this case, we can solve for
𝑥
x, which is positive since cos s = is given to be positive.
4

√7
4 = √𝑥 2 + (−3)2 x = √7 cos s =
4
 What’s More

1. Given θ, find the exact values of six circular functions.

a. θ = 30°
3𝜋
b. θ = 4
c. θ = −150°
4𝜋
d. θ = − 3

2. Given a value of one circular function and sign of another function (or the
quadrant where the angle lies), find the value of the indicated function.
1
a. sin θ = 2 , θ in QI ; cos θ
3
b. cos θ = 5 , θ in QIV ; csc θ
3
c. sin θ = − 7 , sec θ < 0 ; tan θ
2
d. cot θ = − 9 , cos θ > 0 ; csc θ

Assessment

1. What is the value of cos 30?

1 √3
A. C.
2 2

B. 1 D. 0
2. Evaluate tan 135.
√3 √2
A. C. −
2 2

B. 0 D. −1
3𝜋
3. What is the exact value of sin rad?
2

√3 √2
A. C. −
2 2

B. −1 D. 1
3
4. Suppose x is a real number such that sin x = and tan x < 0. Find cot x.
5

3 4
A. C. 5
4

3 4
B. − 4 D. − 3
 3
5. Suppose x is a real number such that tan x = 4 and cos x < 0. Find csc x.
5 4
A. − 3 C. − 5
3 4
B. − 5 D. 3

Answer Key

What I Know Assessment

1. A 1. C
2. C 2. D
3. B 3. B
4. B 4. D
5. C 5. A

What’s More
1
1. (a) sin 30° = csc 30° = 2
2

√3 2√3
cos 30° = sec 30° =
2 3

√3
tan 30° = cot 30° = √3
3

3𝜋 √2 3𝜋
(b) sin = csc = √2
4 2 4

3𝜋 √2 3𝜋
cos =− sec = −√2
4 2 4

3𝜋 3𝜋
tan =–1 cot =–1
4 4

1
(c) sin (–150°) = − csc (–150°) = –2
2

√3 2√3
cos (–150°) = − sec (–150°) = −
2 3

√3
tan (–150°) = cot (–150°) = √3
3
 4𝜋 √3 4𝜋 2√3
(d) sin (− ) = csc (− ) =
3 2 3 3

4𝜋 1 4𝜋
cos (− ) =− sec (− ) = −2
3 2 3

4𝜋 4𝜋 √3
tan (− ) = –√3 cot (− )=−
3 3 3

√3
2. (a)
2
5
(b)
4
3√10
(c)
20
√85
(d) −
9

Reference

Teaching Guide For Senior High School Pre Calculus Core Subject
 Evaluating Circular Functions Using Reference
Angles
Lesson e

2
What’s In

In lesson 1, we learned the six circular functions. Cosine, Sine,

Tangent, Secant, Cosecant, and Cotangent. In Lesson 2, we will discuss how to get

the reference angle of a given angle in standard position and how evaluate them

using the knowledge in the circular functions and their identities from the previous

lesson.

What I Know

1.The reference angle is the angle form between the terminal side of a given angle and the

___________?

a. Cartesian coordinate plane

b. y-axis

c. x-axis

d. none of the above

 61𝜋
2.The reference angle of is?
6

𝜋
A.
3

𝜋
B.
4

𝜋
C.
6

D. 3𝜋

25𝜋
3. The reference angle of − is?
6

𝜋
A.
4

𝜋
B.
3

𝜋
C.
6

D. 0

3𝜋
4. Evaluate 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )
2

A. √3

B. 0

C. Undefined

D. none of the above

7𝜋
5. Evaluate 𝑐𝑜𝑡 ( )
2

A. √3

B. 0

C. Undefined

D. 1
 What’s New

Below is the unit sun circle with the special angles indicated in each

quadrant. Match the coordinates written in the rays inside the box to their

corresponding angle inside the sun.

 What Is It

A Reference Angle is the acute angle formed between the terminal side

of a given angle in the standard position and the x-axis. It is always positive and
π
always less than radians or 90 degrees.
2

https://www.omnicalculator.com/math/reference-angle

The x-axis and y-axis of the cartesian coordinate system divide the plane into

four quadrants. The numbering starts from the upper right quadrant which is quadrant I

and moves in counter-clockwise direction up to quadrant IV.

To find the reference angle “r” you must first determine which quadrant the

given angle “θ” lies.

1. For an angle that is in the first quadrant the angle itself is the reference angle:

r=θ

2. For an angle that lies in the second quadrant: r = 𝝅 – θ or r = 1800 – θ

3. For an angle that is in third quadrant: r = θ - 𝝅 or r = θ - 1800

 4. For an angle in the fourth quadrant: r = 𝟐𝝅 – θ or r = 3600 – θ

5. For an angle less than 0 or negative add 2𝜋 or 3600 then determine the

quadrant.

6. For an angle greater than 2𝜋 or 3600 subtract 2𝜋 or 3600 until the value lies

between 0 and 2𝜋 then determine the quadrant.

To further understand let’s find the reference angle of the following angles

5π 4π 17π
1. 2. − 3.
4 3 3

Solution:
5𝜋
1. is in quadrant III therefore we will be using the formula: r = θ - 𝝅 or r = θ
4

1800

5𝜋 5𝜋 4𝜋 𝜋
𝑟= − 𝜋= − =
4 4 4 4
𝜋
𝑟=
4
5𝜋
Or computing in degrees by converting first
4

radians into degrees.

 5𝜋 180
× = 225°
4 𝜋

Then apply it to the formula

𝑟 = 225° − 180° = 45°

𝑟 = 45°

4𝜋
2. − is less than zero therefore we will be adding
3

2𝜋 and then determine its quadrant.

4𝜋 −4𝜋+6𝜋 2𝜋
− + 2𝜋 = =
3 3 3

2𝜋
is in quadrant II so we will be using the formula: r
3

= 𝝅 – θ or r = 1800 – θ
2𝜋 3𝜋−2𝜋 𝜋
𝑟=𝜋− = =
3 3 3

𝜋
𝑟=
3
4𝜋
Or computing in degrees convert − radians to degrees
3

4𝜋 180
− × = −240°
3 𝜋

−240° + 360° = 120°

𝑟 = 180° − 120° = 60°

𝑟 = 60°

17𝜋
3. is greater than 2𝜋 so we will be subtracting 2𝜋 or 3600 until the value lies
3

between 0 and 2𝜋 then, we will determine the quadrant.

17𝜋 17𝜋−6𝜋 11𝜋

− 2𝜋 = =
3 3 3
11𝜋
is still greater than 2𝜋 so we will be subtracting
3

another 2𝜋.
11𝜋 11𝜋−6𝜋 5𝜋
3
− 2𝜋 = 3
= 3

5𝜋
is now less than 2𝜋 and is in quadrant IV so we will be
3

using the formula: r = 𝟐𝝅 – θ or r = 3600 – θ

5𝜋 6𝜋 − 5𝜋 𝜋
𝑟 = 2𝜋 − = =
3 3 3
17𝜋
Computing in degrees, convert radians into degrees.
3

17𝜋 180
× = 1020°
3 𝜋

1020° − 360° = 660°

660° − 360° = 300°

𝑟 = 360° − 300° = 60°

𝑟 = 60°

Now that you have learned how to find the reference angle of a given angle

you can now apply it in evaluating circular functions. First let’s recall the Unit Circle

with special angles and their coordinates by looking at the diagram below.

Coordinates are written in the form (cos θ, sin θ). The table shows the signs of x and

y coordinates for every quadrant.

Quadrant X Y
Quadrant I (+) (+)
Quadrant II (-) (+)
Quadrant III (-) (-)
Quadrant IV (+) (-)
 Pay attention to the coordinates of the special angles in the first quadrant,

they are analogous to the coordinates of the other angles in the other quadrants
𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 11𝜋
depending on the angle they form with the x-axis. 6 , , and are all 30° away from
6 6 6

the x-axis. They have similar coordinates the only difference is their signs which

depends on the quadrant they are in.

Now let us evaluate circular functions using reference angles with applying the

knowledge you have learned in the past lesson by solving some examples.

4𝜋 4𝜋
1. Evaluate cos( ) and sin( 3 ) using reference
3

angles.
4𝜋
First find the reference angle of . It is in
3

Quadrant III we will be using the formula r = θ - 𝝅

4𝜋 4𝜋−3𝜋 𝜋
𝒓= 3
− 𝜋= 3
= 3
 𝜋
𝒓=
3

Since cos(𝜃) = 𝑥 and sin(𝜃) = 𝑦

𝜋 1 𝜋 √3
cos(𝑟) = cos = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 sin(𝑟) = sin ( ) =
3 2 3 2

Since it is in quadrant III apply the appropriate sign of x and y coordinates in

quadrant III based on the table given earlier which is both negative.

Therefore,

4𝜋 1 4𝜋 √3
cos ( 3 ) = − 2 and sin ( 3 ) = − 2

3𝜋 3𝜋
2. Evaluate csc ( ) and sec ( ) using reference
4 4
3𝜋
angle. is in Quadrant II therefore to find its
4

reference angle we will be using the formula: r

=𝝅–θ
3𝜋 4𝜋−3𝜋 𝜋
𝑟=𝜋− = =
4 4 4

𝜋
𝑟=
4

Now according to trigonometric Identities

1 1
csc(𝜃 ) = sin(𝜃) and sec(𝜃 ) = cos(𝜃)

𝜋 𝜋
We have to find first cos( 4 ) and sin ( 4 ).

𝜋 √2 𝜋 √2
cos (4 ) = and sin (4 ) =
2 2

Applying the proper signs for the coordinates at Quadrant II, x should be

negative and y should be positive.

Therefore,
 3𝜋 √2 3𝜋 √2
cos ( 4 ) = − and sin ( 4 ) =
2 2

Applying the identities,

3𝜋 1 1 2
csc ( ) = 3𝜋 = √2
= and
4 sin( ) ( ) √2
4 2

3𝜋 1 1 2
sec ( ) = 3𝜋 = √2
=−
4 cos( ) (− ) √2
4 2

rationalizing,

3𝜋 2 √2 2√2
for csc ( ), × = = √2
4 √2 √2 2

3𝜋 2 √2 2√2
for sec ( 4 ), − × =− = −√2
√2 √2 2

finally,

3𝜋 3𝜋
csc ( 4 ) = √2 and sec ( 4 ) = −√2

𝜋 𝜋
3. Evaluate tan (6 ) and cot ( 6 ) using reference angles.

𝜋
6
is in Quadrant I. Based on the formula, r = θ therefore the reference angle is itself.

According to the trigonometric identities,

sin(𝜃) 1 cos(𝜃)
tan(𝜃 ) = and cot(𝜃 ) = =
𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃) tan(𝜃) sin(𝜃)

𝜋 𝜋
Finding first the value of cos (6 ) and sin (6 )

𝜋 √3 𝜋 1
cos (6 ) = and sin (6 ) = 2
2

𝜋
Since is in the first quadrant both the x and y
6

coordinates will still be positive.

 𝜋 𝜋
Solving for tan ( 6 ) and cot (6 )

𝜋 1
𝜋 sin ( 6 )
tan ( ) = 2 = 2
6 𝜋 = √3 2√3
cos (6)
2

Rationalizing

2 √3 2√3 √3
× = =
2√3 √3 6 3

𝜋 √3
tan ( ) =
6 3

And since cot(𝜃 ) is just the reciprocal of tan(𝜃 )

𝜋
𝜋 cos ( ) 1 1 3
6 =
cot ( ) = 𝜋 𝜋 = =
6 sin ( 6) tan ( 6 ) √3 √3
3

𝜋 3
cot ( ) =
6 √3

Rationalizing,

3 √3 3√3
× = = √3
√3 √3 3

𝜋
cot ( ) = √3
6
 What’s More

Evaluate the following angles using the six circular functions (cosine, sine,

tangent, secant, cosecant and cotangent).

5𝜋 29𝜋
1. 4 4. 6
2. 1350° 27𝜋
5. − 4
3. −780°
 What I Have Learned
Clock Problem

Using a clock determine the angle form in degrees

and in radians between the minute hand and the

hour hand for each given time. (Note that the

minute hand moves 6 degrees per minute and the

hour hand moves 0.5 degrees per minute)

1. 12:30

2. 07:00

3. 10:30

4. 06:00

5. 03:32
 What I Can Do

DIY Unit Circle

Create anything using the blank template of a unit circle shown below. It can be a

circular lantern, dreamcatcher, painting, poster and etc. Don’t forget to put the labels

of the special angles and their corresponding coordinates. Post the picture of your

final output in the x below.

Post the picture of your output h

 Assessment

Multiple choices.

1. Coordinates in the first quadrant are both _________.

a. negative

b. positive

c. undefined

d. none of the above

2. Formula for the reference angle “r” when the given angle “𝜃”is in third quadrant.

a. 𝑟 = 𝜃

b. 𝑟 = 𝜋 − 𝜃

c. 𝑟 = 𝜃 − 𝜋

d. 𝑟 = 2𝜋 − 𝜃

3. Formula for the reference angle “r” when the given angle “𝜃”is in fourth quadrant.

a. 𝑟 = 𝜃

b. 𝑟 = 𝜋 − 𝜃

c. 𝑟 = 𝜃 − 𝜋

d. 𝑟 = 2𝜋 − 𝜃

9𝜋
4. What is the reference of the angle ?
4

𝜋
a. 6

𝜋
b. 4

𝜋
c. 3

d. 2𝜋
 9𝜋
5. Evaluate tan ( 4 )

a. undefined

b.2√3

c. √3

d. 1
Answer key

What I know

1. C

2. C

3. C

4. C

5. B

Assessment

1. B

2. C

3. D

4. B

5. D
REFERENCES

Abramson J. (2020, January 17). Unit Circle – Sine and Cosine Functions. Retrieved from
https://math.libretexts.org/Courses/Fort_Hays_State_University/Review_for_Calculus/02%3
A_Trigonometry/2.01%3A_Unit_Circle_-
_Sine_and_Cosine_Functions#Using_Reference_Angles_to_Evaluate_Trigonometric_Functi
ons.

Szyk and Pamula. (n.d.). Reference Angle Calculator. Retrieved from

https://www.omnicalculator.com/math/reference-angle.
What This Module is About

The following are the lessons contained in this module:

1. Illustration of the domain and range of the different circular functions.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Illustrate the domain and range of the different circular functions.

How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

II
 What I Know

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

1. Find the domain of 𝑦 = cos 𝑥.

A. All real numbers
B. All integer numbers
C. All imaginary numbers
D. All irrational numbers
2. Find the range of 𝑦 = cos 𝑥.
A. (1,-1)
B. (-1,1)
C. [1,-1]
D. [-1,1]
3. Find the domain of 𝑦 = sin 𝑥.
A. All real numbers
B. All integer numbers
C. All imaginary numbers
D. All irrational numbers
4. Find the range of 𝑦 = sin 𝑥.
A. (1,-1)
B. (-1,1)
C. [1,-1]
D. [-1,1]
5. Find the domain of 𝑦 = tan 𝑥.
A. All real numbers except cos x = 0
B. All integer numbers except cos x = 0
C. All imaginary numbers except cos x = 0
D. All irrational numbers except cos x = 0
6. Find the range of 𝑦 = tan 𝑥.
A. All real numbers
B. All integer numbers
C. All imaginary numbers
D. All irrational numbers
 DOMAIN AND RANGE OF
DIFFERENT CIRCULAR
Lesson FUNCTIONS
1
What I Need to Know

Domain and range of a function is the specific set of values that

a variable in a function can take on

What’s New

Identify what function it is in the graph.

1.

2.

3.
 What Is It

The domain of a function is the specific set of values that the independent variable in
a function can take on. The range is the resulting values that the dependent variable
can have as x varies throughout the domain. There are no restrictions on the domain
of sine and cosine functions; therefore, their domain is such that x ∈ R. Notice,
however, that the range for both y = sin(x) and y = cos(x) is between -1 and 1.
Therefore, transformations of these functions in the form of shifts and stretches will
affect the range but not the domain. (Ontario Tech University)

The graph of sine function looks like this:

Angle measure can be either be given in degrees or in radians. [−1,1] is the range of
sine function while the domain is all real numbers.

Cosine Function:

The domain of cosine function is all real numbers while the range is [-1,1].
Tangent Function:

The domain of tangent function is all real numbers except the values where cos x is
𝜋
equal to zero, that is the values 2 + 𝜋𝑛 for all integers n. The range of the tangent
function is all real numbers

What’s More

Graph the following:

1. y = cos (x) + 1
2. y = sin (x) + 1
3. y = tan(x) +1
 What I Have Learned

Find the domain and range of the following:

1. y = cos (x) +2
2. y = 2 cos (x) +2
3. y = sin (x) +2
4. y = 2 sin (x) + 2

What I Can Do

Find the domain and range of the following:

1. y = 3cos (x) +1
2. y = 4 cos (x) +2
3. y = 2sin (x) +2
4. y = -2 sin (x) - 2
Key to Answers
 Department of Education Division Rizal

Office Address: DepEd Bldg.,Cabrera Rd.,Bgy. Dolores,Taytay,Rizal 1920

Telephone number: 09274562115/09615294771