”GS

AN D ALL A B O UT T HE M

R O B E R T L E I G HT O N
A S S I ST E D B Y

E MI N E N T A U T H O R I T I E S O N T HE

V AR I O U S B R E E DS

WI T H S E V E NT E E N F ULL-PA GE P LAT ES

C A SS ELL AND C O MP AN Y, LT D .

Lon don N ew York T oron to

, , an d Melbourn e
1 910
 P R E FAC E

TH E popularity of t he dog as a compa n ion as a ,

guardia n of prop erty as a n assistant in t he pursuit of

,

gam e a n d as t h e obj ect o f a pl easurable hobby has

, ,

n ev er b e en so gr eat as it is at t h e p res en t tim e Mo re .

dogs a re k ept in this cou n tr y tha n ever there fo rm erly

were a n d th ey a re mo re skilfully b re d mo re t en d erly
, ,

treat ed an d ca red for with a mo re solicitous prid e than

,

wa s t h e cas e a g en eratio n ago Th ere a re few er mo n grels

.

in our midst a n d t h e family dog h a s b ecom e a resp ect

,

abl e m emb er o f soci ety Two milli o n dog lic en c es w ere

.

tak en out in t h e B ritish Isl es in t h e cours e o f 1 90 9 I n .

that y ea r too as ma n y as 9 0 6 s epa rat e dog sho ws were

, ,

sa n ctio n ed by t h e K en n el Club a n d h eld in va ri ous parts

o f t he U n it ed Ki n gdom A t t h e p res en t tim e th ere exist
.

no fewer tha n 1 5 6 S p ecialist clubs establish ed for t he

pu rpo s e o f watchi n g ov er t he i n t erests of th e di fferent
b reeds .

R e cognisi n g this advan c e in o ur n atio n al love of dogs

a n d t he g ro wi n g d ema n d for i n fo rmatio n o n th ei r disti n

g u is hi ng cha ract eristics I am p ersuad ed

,
t hat th ere is
ample room for a co n cis e a n d practical h a n dbook on
matt ers can i n e I n p repa ri n g t h e p res en t vo lum e I have
.
,

drawn abu n da n tly upo n t h e co n t en ts of my larger a n d

mo re e xp en sive N ew B ook of The D og a n d I d esi re to ,

ack n o wl edg e my ob li gatio n s to t h e emi n en t exp erts who

assist ed m e in t he produ ctio n o f t h e earli er wo rk and
whos e co n t ributio n s I hav e fu rth er utilis ed in th es e pag es .

I am i n d ebt e d to Mr W J Stubbs for his clea r expositio n

. . .

o f th e poi n ts o f t he Bulldog to Colo n el Claude Can e for

,

i ii
iv P RE FA C E
hi s d escriptio n of t h e Spo rti n g Spa n i els to L ady Algernon ,

G o rdo n Len n ox for h er autho ritativ e pa rag raphs on t he

P eki n es e to Mr D esmo n d O Con n ell for his histo ry of t he
, .
’

Fox t erri er a n d to Mr Walt er S G lyn n Mr Fred Gres ham

-
,
. .
, .
,

Maj or J H Bail ey Mr E B J oachim a n d o th er sp ecialists

. .
, . . .

whos e aid I have en list ed .

I n t h e followi n g chapt ers t h e vari eti es of t h e dog a re

classi fied in th e ord er o f ( I ) Non Sporti n g a n d U tility -

breeds ( 2 ) Hou n ds Gu n dogs a n d oth er S po rti n g b reeds

, , ,

( )
3 t h e T erri ers (4 ) T
, oy a n d Mi n iatu re b ree ds .

RO B E RT LE I G HTO N .
 C ONTENT S

P R
C HA T E

1 G E NE R AL HI S TOR Y OF T HE
. D OG
2 THE E N GLI S H M A S TI FF
.

3 THE B ULLD O G
.

4 . THE S T . B E R N AR D
5 . THE NE W FO U N D L AN D
6 THE . G R E AT D ANE
7 . THE D ALMAT I AN
8 THE . C OLLI E
9 . THE OL D E N GLI S H S HE E P D O G
1 0 . THE C H OW C H O W
1 1 . THE P OOD LE
1 2 . THE S C HI P P E R K E
1 3 . T HE B LO O D HO U ND
1 4 . THE O TT E R HO U ND
1 5 . THE I R I S H W O LF H O U N D
1 6 THE . D E E R HOU N D
1 7 . THE B OR % OI OR R US S I AN WOLF HO U ND
,

1 8 T HE
. G R E YH O UN D
1 9 . THE WHI P P E T
20 . T HE F O XH O U N D
21 . THE HARR I E R AN D T HE B E AGLE
22 . THE P O I NT E R
23 . THE S E TT E R S
THE R E T R I E VE R S
THE S P ORTI N G S P ANI E L
THE B AS S E T HO UND
-
 vi C ON T EN T S
C HA T E P R P AGE

27 . THE D ACHS HUND

28 . THE OL D WOR KI NG TE R R I E R
29 . THE WHITE E N GLI S H TE RR I E R
30 . T HE B LAC K AND TAN TE RRI E R
3 1 . THE B ULL TE RR I E R
-

32 . THE S O OT
M H F o x -
TE RR I E R
THE W I R E HAI R F ox TE R R I E R
- -

34 . THE A I R E D ALE TE R R I E R
35 . THE B E D LI N GTO N TE R R I E R
36 . THE IRI SH TE R R I E R

37 . THE WE L S H TE RR I E R

38 . THE S COTTI S H TE R R I E R

39 T H
. E WE S T H I GHLAN D WHI TE TE RR I E R
4 0 T H
.E D AN D I E D I NMO NT
41 . THE S KY E A ND C LY D E S D ALE TE R R I E R S
42 . THE YO R KS HI R E TE RR I E R
43 . THE P OME R ANI AN
44 . TH E K I N G C HAR LE S S P AN I E LS
45 . THE P E KI N E S E A N D J A P A N E S E
4 6 . THE MAL TE s E D OG A N D T HE P UG

47 . THE B R U S S E LS G R I FFO N
4 8 . THE M I N I AT U R E B R E E D S

49 . P R ACTI CAL MA NAGE ME NT

5 0 . B R E E D I N G A N D WHE L P I N G
51 . S OME C O MMON A I LME NTS O F T HE DO G A ND T HE I R
TR E AT ME N T

52 . THE D O G A N D T HE LAW
 L I ST OF I LLU ST RAT I O N S

T HE S MOOTH - C O A T E D S T B E R NA R D , . CH T HE
. V I K I NG
( From t h e p a in tin g by Lil ia n C h e v io t ) . F ron t ispiece
FA C I NG P A G E

MR . A ND MR S . A R T HUR MAYOR S ’
B U LL D O G, C H . S I L E NT
D U C HE S S
MR . G E OR GE S I N C L AI R
’
S ST . B E R NA R D , CH . LO R D
MONT GOM E R Y
MR S . VA L E NI C OL A S ’
S NE W F OUND L AN D ,
CH . S HE L T ON
V I K I NG
MR S . H . HOR S FAL L
’
S G R E AT D A N E ,
CH . VI OLA OF
R E D GR AV E

MR . R . A . T AI T
’
S C O LL I E , CH . W I S HAW L E A DE R

B L O OD HO UND , C H . C HAT L E Y B E AUFO R T B R E D A N D OW N E D .

BY MR S . G A . . O L I P HANT , S HR E W T ON, VV I L T S .

MR S A R M S T R O NG S D E E R HOUND
.
’

, CH . T A L I S MA N
MR S . AI T C HE S O N
’
S B OR % OI , CH . S T R A W B E R R Y K I NG
MR . H . R E GI NA L D C OOK E S ’
R E T R I EVE R , C H . VV O R S L E Y
BES S
T HR E E G E N E R A T I O NS R DE P E E L E S B L U E R OA N OF MR . . C .
’

C O C K E R S P A N I E L S , C H B E N B O W D L E R ( FAT HE R , C H
) . .

B OB B OW D L E R ( S O N) , A N D C H D I X O N B OW D L E R .

F ox-T E R R I E R S
I MR S J H
. . . . B R OW N
’
S, C H C A P TA I N D OU B L E
.

2 . MR . J . C . T I NN E
’
S, C H T HE S Y L P H
.

3 . MR . T . J . S T E P HE N
’
S W IRE- HAI R ,
CH . S Y LVAN
R E S UL T

MR . FR E D . W . B R E A KE L L
’
S I R I S H T E R R I E R , C H K I LL AR NE Y .

S P OR T
MR S . S P E NC E R
D AN D I E D I N M O N T C H ’
S , . B R AW LAD
A T YP I CAL A I R E DA L E
MR W L MC CAND I I S H S S C OTT I S H
. . . .
’
T E RRIER, EM S
C OS ME TI C
 L IS T O F I LLU S T RAT I ON S
FAC I NG P AGE

C OL . MAL C O L M ’
S W EST HI G HL AN D W HI T E T E RRIE R S
S O NN Y AND S A R AH
MI S S E . MC C HE AN E ’
S S K YE T E RR IE R S , CH FA I R FI EL D .

D I A M OND A ND CH . W O LV E R L E Y C HUM M I E
T OY D OGS ;

MI S S S T E VE NS T YP I C A L JAP ANE S E P U P P Y
’

MR S VA L E NI C OL AS S P O M E R AN I AN C H T HE SABL E
.
’

,
.

MI T E
MI S S M A B L AND S P O M E R ANIAN C H MAR L AND KI NG
. .
’

, .

L A D Y HU L T ON S B L E N HE I M C H JOY
’
.
,

T HE HON MR S L YTT ON S KI NG C HAR L E S C H T HE

’
.
. .
,

S E R AP H
T OY D O GS ‘

I . MR S G R E S HAM S P UG C H G R I ND L E Y K I NG
.
’

,
.

2 . MR S T W HAL E Y S B R US S E L S G R I FFO N GL E NAR T NE Y

. .
’

S P ORT
3 . P E K I NE S E , CH . C HU - E R H OF AL D E R B OUR NE
 D O GS A N D A LL A BO UT T HE M

C HA PTE R I
GE N E RA L H I ST O R Y O F T H E D O G

THE R E is n o i n co n gruity in t he id ea that in t he v ery earli est

p eriod of man s habitatio n O f this wo rld he mad e a fri en d
’

a n d compani o n of som e so rt of abo rigi n al r ep res en tativ e

of our mod ern dog a n d that in retu rn for its aid in prot ecti n g
,

him from wild er an imals a n d in guardi n g hi s S h eep a n d

,

goats he gav e it a share Of hi s food a co rn er in his dwelli n g

, , ,

a n d grew to t rust it a n d ca re for it P robably t he animal

.

was o ri gi n ally li ttl e els e than an u n usually gen tl e j ackal ,

or a n ai l i n g wolf driven by its compan ions from t he Wild

maraudi n g pack to s eek sh elt er in ali en su rroun di n gs On e .

can w ell co n c eiv e t he possibili ty of t h e pa rt n ers hi p b egi n n i n g

in t h e ci rcumsta n c e of som e h elpl ess wh elps b ei n g b rought

hom e by th e early hun t ers to be t en d ed a n d reared by t he
wom en and childr en The pres en t day savag e Of New Gui n ea
.
-

a n d mid A fri ca do es n ot as a rul e tak e t h e t roubl e to tam e

-
, ,

a n d t rai n a n adult wild a n imal for his o wn pu rpos es a n d primi

,

tive man was su rely equally i n di fferen t to t he qu estio n able

advan tage of harbouri n g a dan gerous gu est But a litt er .

O f woolly wh elps i n t roduc ed into t h e hom e as playt hi ngs

for t h e children would grow to rega rd th ems elv es and be ,

regard ed , as m emb ers of t he family an d it would soo n be

,

foun d that t he hu n ti n g i n stin cts O f t he maturin g animal

were of valu e to his capto rs The savage mast er t readi n g
.
,

t he p ri m ev al for ests in s earch of food would n ot fail to r ecog

,

ni s e t h e h elpfuln ess of a k een er n os e a n d S harp er ey es ev en

than his own unsulli ed s en s es whil e t h e dog in his turn wo uld

,

B
2 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
find a b ett er S h elt er in associatio n with man than if he wer e
hu n ti n g on his own accou n t Thus mutual b en efit would
.

result in som e k i n d O f tacit agr eem en t O f part n ership an d ,

th rough th e g en eratio n s t he wild wolf or j ackal wo uld gradu

ally b ecom e g en tl er mo re docil e a n d t ractabl e a n d t he
, , ,

d read ed en emy of t he fl ock d ev elop i n to t he t rust ed guardi an

of t he fold .

I n n early a ll pa rts of t h e wo rld t rac es of a n i n dig en ous

dog family are found t he o n ly exceptio n s b ei n g t he West
,

Indian Islands Madagascar th e east ern islan ds of t h e Malayan

, ,

Archip elago New % ealan d an d t he Polyn esian Islan ds wh ere

, , ,

th ere is n o S ign that an y dog wolf or fox has e xist ed as a

, ,

t ru e abori gi n al an imal I n t he an ci en t O ri en tal lan ds and

.
,

g en erally amo n g t h e early Mo n goli an s t he dog remai n ed ,

savage an d n egl ect ed for c en turi es prowli n g in packs gaun t , ,

a n d wolf lik e-
as it p rowls to day t h rough t he streets and
,
-

u n d er t h e walls O f ev ery E ast ern city No att empt wa s mad e .

to allure it i n to human compan io n shi p or to improve it i n to

docility It is not u n til we com e to e xami n e t he reco rds
.

of t he high er civilisatio n s Of Assyria a n d E gypt that we

discov er a n y distin ct vari eti es of can i n e form .

Assyrian sculptures d epict two such a Greyhoun d a n d a ,

Masti ff t he latt er d escrib ed in t he tabl ets as t h e chai n ed up

,
-
,

mouth Op en i n g dog
-
that is to say it was us ed as a watch ,

dog ; a n d s ev eral vari eti es are referred to in t he cun eiform

i n scriptio n s p res erv ed in t he B ritish Mus eum The E gyptian .

mo n um en ts of about 3 0 0 0 B C p res en t man y forms of t he

. .

dom estic dog a n d th ere can be n o doubt that amo n g t h e

,

a n ci en t E gyptian s it was as complet ely a companion of man ,

as much a favourit e in t he hous e a n d a h elp in t he chas e , ,

as it is amo n g ours elves at pres en t I n t he city of Cyn opolis .

it was rev eren c ed n ext to t he sacred j ackal a n d on t he d eath ,

'‘
of a dog t he m emb ers of t he hous ehold to whi ch h e had
b elo n ged carefully shav ed th ei r whol e bo di es a n d religiously ,

abstai n ed from usi n g t he food Of what ever ki n d whi ch , ,

happ en ed to be in t he hous e at t he tim e A mo n g t he distinct .

 GENERAL H IS T OR Y 3

b ds k pt
ree e th in E gypt
was a massive wolf dog a large
ere -
, ,

h eavily built hou n d with d roopi n g ears a n d a poi n t ed h ead

-
,

at l eas t two vari eti es O f Greyhou n d us ed for hun ti n g t h e

gaz ell e a n d a small b reed of t erri er or Turnspit with S hort
, , ,

crook ed l egs This last app ears to hav e b een regard ed as a n

.

esp ecial hous ehold p et for it wa s admitt ed i n to t he li vi n g

,

rooms an d tak en as a compa n io n for walks out of doo rs It .

was furn ish ed with a collar Of l eav es or of l eath er or precious , ,

m etal wrought i n to t he fo rm of l eav es a n d wh en it di ed ,

it was embalm ed E very town throughout E gypt had it s

.

plac e Of i n t erm en t for ca n i n e mummi es .

Th e dog was n ot gr eatly appreciat ed in Pal esti n e and in ,

both t h e Old an d New Testam en ts it is commo n ly S pok en of

”
with scorn a n d co n t empt as an un cl ean b east E ven t he .

familiar referen c e to t he Sh eepdog in t he Book Of J ob

B ut n ow they tha t a re y oun ger than I ha ve me i n deris ion ,

whos e fa thers I would ha ve dis da in ed to s et with the dogs of my

flock — is n ot without a suggestio n O f co n t empt a n d it is ,

sign ifican t that t he only biblical allusio n to t he dog as a

recogn is ed compa n io n O f ma n occu rs in t h e apocryphal Book

of Tobit ( v 1 6) S o they wen t forth both a n d the y oun g ma n s

.
,
’

dog with them .

The pagan Greeks a n d R oman s had a ki n dli er f eelin g for

dumb animals than had t he J ews Th ei r hou n ds lik e th eir .
,

ho rs es w ere s el ect ed with discri mi n atio n b red with car e

, , ,

a n d h eld in hi gh est eem rec eivi n g pet n am es ; and t he

,

lit eratur es of Greece an d R om e co n tai n many tribut es to t he

courag e Ob edi en ce sagacity an d a ffectio n at e fid elity Of t he
, , ,

dog Th e Phoen ician s too w ere un qu estio n ably lovers

.
, ,

O f t he dog quick to recogn is e t he poi n ts Of s pecial breed s

, .

In th ei r colon y in Cart h ag e duri n g t h e reign Of Sardan apalus

, ,

th ey h ad alr eady poss ess ed th ems elves of t he A ssyrian Mas t i ff ,

which th ey probably expo rt ed to far off Britai n as th ey are -

,

said to hav e expo rt ed t he Wat er Span i el to I relan d and to

Sp ai n .

It is a s igni fican t ci rcumstan c e wh en we com e to co n sid er

4 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
t he probabl e o rigi n of t he dog that th ere are i n dications of
,

his dom esticatio n at such early p eriods by so many p eoples

in di ffer en t parts of t he wo rld A s we hav e s een dogs were
.
,

mo re or l ess subj ugat ed an d tam ed by primitive man by t he ,

A ssyrian s E gyptian s Phoen ician s Greeks a n d R oman s

, , , , ,

as also by t he anci ent barbaric t rib es of t he w est ern h emi

S ph er e The impo rtan t qu estio n n ow aris es : Ha d all th es e
.

dogs a common orI gi n I n a d efin it e paren t stock or did th ey ,

S p ri n g from s epa rat e a n d u n relat ed par en ts

Half a c en tury ago it was b eli eved that all t he evid en c e

which could be b rought to b ear upon t he probl em point ed
to a n i n d ep en d ent origi n of th e dog Youatt writing in .
,

1 84 5 a rgu ed that
,
this power of traci n g back t he dog to t he
v ery earli est p eriods of histo ry a n d t he fact that h e th en ,

s eem ed to be as sagacious as faithful a n d as valuabl e as at

, ,

t he pres en t day st ro n gly favou rs t h e opi n io n that h e was

,

d esc en d ed from n o i n ferio r a n d comparatively wo rthl ess

animal ; an d that h e was n ot t he p rogen y of t he wolf t he ,

j ackal or t he fox but was ori gi nally creat ed som ewhat as

, , ,

”
we n ow fin d him t h e associat e a n d fri en d of man
, .

Wh en Youa t t wrot e most p eople b eli eved that t he wo rld

,

was o n ly six thousand y ears old an d that sp eci es were o ri gin

,

ally creat ed an d absolut ely u n chan geabl e Lyell s dis .

’

cov eries in g e ology how ev er ov erth rew t h e a rgum ent of t he

, ,

earth s ch ro n ology a n d of t h e a n tiquity of man and D arwin s

’ ’
,

th eory of evolutio n en tirely tran sfo rm ed t he acc ept ed b eli efs

concerni n g the origin of sp eci es a n d t he suppos ed invariability
of an imal typ es .

The g en eral sup erficial res emblan c e b etw een t he fox a n d

many of our dogs might well excus e t he b eli ef in a relatio n shi p
, .

G am ek eep ers a re oft en v ery positive that a cross can be

O btai n e d b etw een a dog fox and a t erri er bitch ; but Cas es
in which this con n ectio n is all eg ed must be acc ept ed with
e xtr em e caution The lat e Mr A D Bartl ett who was for
. . . .
,

y ears t he sup erint end ent of t he % oological G ard en s in L o n don ,

studi ed this qu estion with minut e care and as a result of ,

 G ENERAL H I S T OR Y 5

e xp erim en ts an d obs ervatio n s he positively a ffirm ed that

he had n ev er met with on e w ell aut h en ticat ed i n sta n c e of a -

hybrid dog a n d fox Mr Bartl ett s co n clusio n s are in con

. .
’

t establ e However much in app earan c e t he suppos ed dog fox

.
-

may res embl e t h e fox th ere are c ert ai n opposi n g chara ct eris
,

tics a n d structural di fferen ces which en tirely dismiss t he

th eo ry of relatio n ship .

On e thi n g is c ert ai n that fox es do n ot breed in co n fin em en t

, ,

exc ept in v ery rar e i n sta n c es The silv er fox of No rth Am erica .

is t he o n ly sp eci es reco rd ed to hav e bred in t he % oological

G ard en s of L o n do n t h e E u rop ean fox has n ever b een kn own
to b reed in captivity Th en agai n t he fox is n ot a sociabl e
.
, ,

a n imal W e n ev er h ear of fox es u n iti n g in a pack as do t he

.
,

wolves t h e j ackals an d t he wild dogs Apart from oth er

, , .

co n sid eratio n s a fox may be disti n guish ed from a dog without

, ,

b ein g s een or touch ed by its sm ell No on e can produce a

, .

dog that has half t he O dour of R eyn ard an d this odour th e ,

dog fox would doubtl ess poss ess were its si re a fox dog or its
- -

d a m a Vix en .

Wh at ev er may be said conc er n i n g t he di fferenc e existi n g

b etween dogs a n d fox es will n ot hold good in referen c e to
dogs wolv es and j ackals The wolf and t he j ackal a re so
, , .

much alik e that t he only appreciable distinctio n is that of

siz e and S O clos ely do th ey res embl e man y dogs in g en eral
,

app earanc e structur e habits i n sti n cts a n d m en tal en dow

, , , ,

m ents that n o di fficulty pr es ents its elf in regardi n g th em as

b eing of on e stock W olves an d j ackals can be an d have
.
,

r ep eat edly b een t am ed D om estic dogs can b ecom e and

, .
,

agai n and ag ai n do b ecom e wild ev en consorti n g with wolves , , ,

i n t erbr eedi n g with th em assumi n g th eir gr egarious habits

, ,

and chan gin g t h e charact eristic bark i n to a di smal wolf li k e -

howl The wolf and the j ackal wh en tam ed answ er to th eir

.

mast er s call wag th eir tails lick his han ds crouch j ump
’

, , , ,

roun d him to be caress ed an d throw th emselves on t h eir ,

backs in submissio n Wh en in high spirits th ey run roun d

.

in Ci rcl es or in a figu re of eight with th eir tails b etween th eir ,

6 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
l egs Th ei r howl b ecom es a busi n ess lik e bark Th ey smell
.
-
.

at t he tails of oth er dogs an d void th ei r urin e sid eways a n d ,

lastly lik e our dom estic favou rit es however refin ed a n d

, ,

g en tl eman ly in ot h er resp ects th ey can not be brok en of t he

,

habit of rolli n g on carrio n or on an imals th ey have kill ed .

This last habit of t h e dom estic dog is on e of t he survivi n g

t rai ts of his wild an c estry which like his habits of buryi n g
, ,

bo n es or sup erfl uous food a n d of turn i n g roun d an d roun d on

,

a carp et as if to mak e a n est for hims elf b efo re lyi n g down ,

go fa r towards co n n ecti n g him in di rect relatio n ship with

t he wolf a n d t he j ackal .

The gr eat multitud e of di ffer ent br eeds of t he dog a n d t he

vast di fferen c es in th ei r siz e poi n ts a n d gen eral app earan c e
, ,

a re facts which mak e it di ffi cult to b eli ev e that th ey could

hav e had a common an cest ry On e thi n ks of t he di ff eren ce

.

b etween t he Masti ff a n d t he J apan es e Span i el t he D eerhoun d ,

a n d t h e fashio n abl e Pom era n ia n t he St B ernard a n d t h e

, .

Mi ni ature Black a n d Tan Terri er an d is p erpl exed in con,

t empla t in g t h e possibility of th ei r havi n g d es c en d ed from a

commo n prog en ito r Yet t he disparity is n o great er than
.

that b etw een t he Shi re ho rs e a n d t he Sh etlan d po n y t he ,

Shorthorn an d t he K erry cattl e or t he Patago n ian a n d t he

,

Pygm y ; an d all dog b reeders k n ow how easy it is to produce

a vari ety in typ e a n d S iz e by studi ed s el ectio n .

I n o rd er p rop erly to u n d erstan d this qu estion it is n ec essary

first to co n sid er t he id en tity of structure in t he wolf an d t he
dog This id en tity of st ructure may b est be studi ed in a
.

comparison of t he oss eous syst em or sk eleto n s of the t wo , ,

an imals whi ch so clos ely res emble each oth er that th eir
,

transpositio n would not easily be d et ect ed .

Th e S pi n e of t h e dog co n sists of s ev en v ert eb rae in t he n eck ,

thi rt een in t he back s ev en in t he loi n s three sacral v ert ebra

, , ,

a n d tw enty to tw en ty two in t he tail

-
I n both t he dog a n d
.

t h e wolf th ere a re thi rt een pai rs of ri bs n i n e tru e and four ,

fals e E ach has fo rty two t eeth Th ey both hav e fi v e front

.
-
.

and four hi n d to es whil e outwardly t he commo n wolf has

,
8 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
O f this most importan t ci rcumstanc e th ere too many are f ar
i n stan ces to allow of its b ei n g look ed upon as a m ere coin ci
d en ce Sir J ohn Richardso n writi n g in 1 82 9 obs erved
. , ,

that the r es emblan c e b etween t he North Am erican wolves

an d t h e dom esti c dog of t h e I n dian s is so great that t h e siz e

a n d st ren gth of th e wolf s eems t o be t h e o n ly di fferen c e I .

have mo re t han o n c e mistak en a ban d of wolves for t h e dogs

of a party of I n dian s a n d t he howl of t he an imals of both
S p eci es is p rolo n g e d so exactly in t h e sam e k ey that ev en t h e

practi sed ear of t he I n di an fails at tim es to discri mi n at e

”
b etween th em .

A s th e E skimo and I n dian dogs res embl e t he North

Am erican wolf so t he dog of t he Har e In di an s a v ery di fferen t
, ,

breed res embl es t h e prairi e wolf E xcept in t he matt er of

,
.

barki n g th ere is n o diff eren ce what ever b etween t he black

,

wolf dog of t he I n di an s of Florida a n d t he wolves of t he sam e

-

cou n try The sam e ph en om en o n is s een in man y ki n ds of

.

E u rop ean dogs Th e Sh eph erd D og of t he plai n s of Hung ary

.

is whit e or reddish brown has a sharp n os e short erect ears

-
, , ,

shaggy coat and bushy tail a n d so much r es embl es a wolf

, ,

that Mr Pag et who giv es t he d escriptio n says he has kn own

.
, ,

a Hun garian mistak e a wolf for on e of his own dogs Many .

of t he dogs of R ussia L aplan d a n d Fi n lan d are comparabl e

, ,

with the wolv es of thos e coun tri es Som e of t he dom es tic .

d ogs of E gyp t both at t he pres en t day a n d in th e con di tion of

,

mummi es are wolf lik e in typ e a n d t he dogs of Nubia hav e

,
-
,

t h e clos est relation to a wild S p eci es of t he sam e r egio n which ,

is only a form of the commo n j ackal D ogs it may agai n .

,

be n ot ed cross with t he j ackal as well as with wolves a n d t hi s

, ,

is fr equ en tly t he cas e in A frica as for exampl e in Bosj esmans

, , , ,

where the dogs have a mark ed r es emblance to t he black

back ed j ackal whi ch is a South A frican var i ety
, .

It has b een suggest ed that the on e in co n trov ertibl e argu

m en t agai n st t he lupi n e r elatio n ship of the dog is the fact that
all dom estic dogs b ark whil e all wild Ca n idce express th eir
,

feeli n gs o n ly by howls But the di ffi culty h ere is not so

.
 G ENE RAL H IS T OR Y 9

gr eat as it s eems S i n c e we kn ow that j ackals W ild dogs and

, , ,

wolf pups reared by bitch es rea di ly acqui re t he habit On .

t he oth er han d dom estic dogs allo wed to ru n wild forg et how
,

t o bar k whil e th ere a re som e which hav e n ot y et l earn ed so

,

to express th ems elv es .

The pres en c e or abs en c e of t he habit of ba rking cannot ,

th en be regard ed as an argum ent in d ecidi n g t he qu estion

,

conc ern i n g t he ori gin of t he dog This stumbli n g block

.

cons equ en tly disapp ears l eavi n g us in t he position of agr eei n g

,

with D arwi n whos e fin al hypoth esis was that it is highly

,
%

probabl e that t h e dom estic dogs of t he wo rld hav e d esc en d ed

from two good sp eci es of wolf ( C lup us a n d C tatt a n s ) a n d
from two or th ree oth er doubtful speci es of wolv es—n am ely
. .
,

t he E urop ea n I n di a n and No rth A frican fo rms ; from at

, ,

l east on e or two South Am erican can i n e sp eci es from s everal

rac es or sp eci es of j ackal ; a n d p erhaps from on e or more

e xtinct sp eci es a n d that t h e blood of th es e in som e,

cases mi n gl ed tog eth er fl o ws in t h e v ei n s of our dom estic

,

br eeds .
 C HA PTE R I I
T HE E N GL I SH M A ST I F F

OF t h e man y di ff er en t kinds of dogs n ow establish ed as British ,

n ot a f ew hav e had th ei r ori g m I n oth er la n ds wh en c e sp eci ,

m en s hav e b een import ed i n to this country in cou rs e of tim e ,

to be so improv ed by s el ectio n that th ey hav e com e to be

commo n ly accept ed as n ativ e breeds Som e a re p rot ect ed .

from t he clai m that th ey are i n dig en ou s by t he fact that th ei r

ori gi n is i n dicat ed in th ei r n am es No on e would pret en d .

that the St B ernard or th e Newfou n dlan d t he Spani el or t h e

.
,

D almatian are of n ativ e b reed Th ey are ali en immigrants

, .

whom we hav e n aturalis ed as we are n aturalisi n g t he maj estic

,

G reat D an e t he d eco rativ e Borzoi t he al ert Schipp erk e

, , ,

a n d t he frown i n g Chow Chow whi ch a re of such rec en t

,

i n troductio n that th ey must still be r egard ed as half acclima -

t is ed fo reign ers But of th e a n ti quity of t he Mastiff th ere

.

can be n o doubt He is t he old est of our B ri tish dogs culti

.
,

v a t ed in th es e islands for so ma n y c enturi es that t he o n ly

diffi culty co n c erni n g hi s histo ry is that of traci n g hi s d escen t ,

a n d discov eri n g t h e p eriod wh en h e was n ot familiarly kn own .

It is possibl e that t h e Masti ff ow es his origin to som e remot e

an cestor of ali en strai n Th e Assyrian ki n gs poss ess ed a large
.

dog of d ecid ed Mastiff typ e an d us ed it in t he hunti n g of

,

lion s It is suppos ed by man y stud en ts that th e breed was

.

i n troduced i n to early Brit ai n by th e adven turous Ph oen ician

trad ers who in th e sixth cen tury B C voyaged to th e Scilly
, . .
,

Islan ds a n d Co rn wall to bart er th eir own commoditi es in ex

chan g e for t h e us eful m etals K n owi n g t he requi rem en ts
.

of th eir barbaria n custom ers th es e early m erchan ts from

 T HE ENGL IS H M A S T IFF I I

Tyr e an d Sido n
b eli ev ed to have b rought som e of t he
a re

larg er p ugna ces which would be rea dily acc ept ed by t h e

,

Brito n s to suppla n t or improv e th eir cou rag eous but u n d er

, ,

siz ed fighti n g dogs .

I n A n glo Saxon tim es ev ery t wo vill ei n s were requi red

-

to mai n tai n on e of th es e dogs for t he pu rpos e of reduci n g t he

n umb er of wolves a n d oth er wild an imals Thi s would .

i n dicat e that the Mastiff wa s recognis ed as a capabl e hunti n g

dog ; but at a lat er p eriod his hu n ti n g i n sti n cts w ere n ot
highly est eem ed a n d h e was n ot regard ed as a p efi l to pre
,

s erv ed gam e for in t h e reign of Henry III t he Fo rest L aws .

,

which p rohibit ed t h e k eepi n g of all oth er b reeds by un

privileged p erso n s p ermitt ed t he Masti ff to com e withi n the
,

preci n cts of a fo rest imposi n g ho wev er th e co n d ition that , , ,

ev ery such dog should hav e t h e claws of t he fo re f eet remov ed -

clos e to t he ski n .

Th e n am e Masti ff was probably appli ed to a n y massively

built dog It is n ot easy to t rac e t he tru e b reed amid t he
.

vari ous n am es which it own ed Molossus A lan Alaun t .

, , ,

Tie dog Ban dog ( or Ba n d dog) w er e amo n g t h e n umb er

-
,
-
, .

The n am es Tie dog a n d Ba n dog i n timat e that t h e Masti ff

-

was commo n ly k ept for guard but man y were sp ecially ,

t rai n ed for baitin g b ears impo rt ed lio n s a n d bulls , , .

Th er e is co n stan t reco rd of t he Masti ff havi n g b een k ept

an d ca refully b red for ma n y g en eratio n s in c ertai n old E n glish

famili es On e of th e old est st rai n s of Masti ffs was that k ept

.

by Mr L egh of Lym e Hall in Ch eshire Th ey were larg e

.
, , .
,

po werful dogs a n d lo n g er in muzzl e than thos e which we

,
%

are n ow accustom ed to s ee Anoth er old an d valuabl e strai n .

was k ept by t he D uk e of D evo n shire at Chatsworth It is .

to th es e two st rai n s that th e dogs o f t he pres en t day trac e

back .

Mr Woolmore s C rown Pri n c e was on e of t he most c el ebrat ed

.
’

of Masti ffs He wa s a fawn dog with a D udl ey n os e a n d light

.

ey e a n d was pal e in muzzl e

,
a n d whilst full c red it must ,

be giv en to him for havi n g si red ma n y good Masti ffs h e must ,

12 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
be h eld respo n sibl e for t he faults in many sp ecim en s of mo re
r ec en t y ears Un fo rtun at ely he was i n discrimi n at ely bred
.
,

from with t he r esult that in a v ery short tim e br eed ers fou n d
,

it impossibl e to fin d a Masti ff u n relat ed to him .

It is to be d eplo red that ev er si n ce his era th ere

has b een a p erc eptibl e dimi n utio n in t he n umb er of good
e xampl es of thi s fi n e old E n glish br eed an d that from b ei n g ,

an admi red a n d fashio n abl e dog t h e Masti ff has so d ecli n ed

in popularity that few a re to be s een eith er at exhi bitio n s or
in b reed ers k en n els A t t he Crystal Palac e in 1 8 7 1 th ere
’
.

w ere as man y as sixty thr ee Masti ffs on S how formi n g a li n e

-
,

of b en ch es two hu n dred yards lo n g and not a bad on e amo n g ,

th em ; wh ereas at a dog S how h eld twenty fiv e y ears lat er -

,

wh ere mo re than twelv e hu n dred dogs were en t ered not a ,

si n gl e Masti ff was b ench ed .

Th e diffi culty of obtai n i n g dogs of u n bl emish ed p edi gr ee

a n d sup erla t iv e typ e may p a rtly accou n t for this d ecli n e ,

and an oth er r eason of u n popularity may be that t he Masti ff

r equ ir es so much att en tion to k eep him in conditio n that

without it he is apt to b ecom e i n dol en t and h eavy Nev er .

t heles s t h e mischi ef of b reedi n g too co n ti n uously from on e

,

strai n such as that of Crown Pri n c e has to som e ext en t b een

eradicat ed a n d we hav e had ma n y spl en did Masti ffs S i n c e
,

hi s tim e Sp eci al m en tio n should be mad e of that gra n d

'

bitch Camb rian Pri n cess by B eau S he was pu rchas ed by , .

Mrs Willi n s who mati n g h er with Maximilia n ( a dog of her

. , ,

own b reedi n g by The E mp ero r) Obtai n ed Minti n g who , ,

shared with Mr Sidn ey Tu rn er s B eaufo rt t he reputation of

.
’

b ei n g un approach ed for all rou n d m erit in a n y p eriod .

Th e followi n g d escriptio n of a p erf ect Masti ff tak en from ,

t he O ld E n glish Masti ff Club s P oi n ts of a M a s tifi is

’

admi rabl e as a sta n dard to which futu re breed ers should

aim to attai n .

I
P O NT S OF T HE t a n d S ymmetry
MA S T I F F : Gen era l Ch a ra c er
L arge massive po werful symm etrical a n d well kn it fram e A co m
, , ,
-
.

bin atio n of gran d eu r an d goo d n atu re cou ra ge a n d docility Gen eral , .

 THE E NG L IS H M A S T IFF 1 3

D es cript i on of H ead —I n g en eral outlin e givin g a squa re app earan c e ,

wh en vi ewed from a n y poi n t B re adth greatly to b e d esi re d an d .

,

should b e in ratio to l en gth of t h e whol e h e ad a n d fac e as 2 to 3 Gen era l

D es cript io n of B o d y—Massiv e b road d eep lo n g po werf ully built on
.

, , , , ,

l egs wid e apart a n d squarely s et Muscl es sharply d efi n e d S iz e a

, . .

great d esid eratum if combi n ed with quali ty H eight an d substan c e

impo rtan t if both poin ts are p ropo rtio n at ely combi n ed S k u ll—B road
, .

b etween th e e ars fo reh ead fl at but wri n kl e d wh en att en tio n is excit e d

, , .

B ro ws ( su p ercili ary ridg es ) slightly rais e d Muscl e s of t h e t empl e s .

a n d ch eeks ( t empo ral an d mass et er) we ll d ev elop e d A rch across t h e .

skull of a rou n d ed fl att en e d cu rv e with a d ep ressio n up t h e c en tre of

, ,

t h e fo reh ead from t h e m edi um li n e b e tween t h e ey es to half wa y up

F a c e or Mu zzl e—S ho rt b road u n d er t h e ey e s
,

t h e sagittal sutu re .
, ,

a n d k eepi n g n e a rly parall e l in width to t h e en d of t h e n os e t ru n cat ed ,

i e blu n t an d cut off squa re th us fo rmin g a right a n gl e with t h e upp er

. .
,

lin e of t h e fac e of great d epth from t h e poin t of t h e n os e to u n d er j a w

,
.

U n d er j aw b road to t h e en d can i n e t eeth h ea lthy po werful an d wid e , ,

ap art ; i n ciso rs l ev el or t h e lo wer p roj ecti n g b eyo n d t h e upp er but

, ,

n ev er suffici en tly so as to be com e visibl e wh en t h e mouth is clos e d .

N os e b road with wi d ely s pre a d in g n ost rils wh en vi ewe d from t h e fro n t

‘

fl at ( n ot poi n t e d or turn e d up ) in p rofil e L ips divergi n g at obtus e .

an gl es with t h e s eptum an d slightly p en dulous so as to sho w a s qua re ,

p rofil e L en gth of muzzl e to whol e h ead an d face as 1 to 3 Cir

. .

cu mf eren ce of muzzl e ( m e asu re d mid way b etween t h e ey es a n d n os e )

to that of t h e h ead ( m easu re d b efo re t h e ears ) as 3 to 5 E a rs—S mall .
,

thi n to t h e touch wid e apart s et on at t h e high est poi n ts of t h e sid es

, ,

of t h e skull so as to co n ti n u e t h e outli n e across t h e summit a n d lyi n g

fl at an d clos e to t h e ch eeks wh en in repos e E yes —S mall wid e apart
, ,

.
, ,

di vid e d by at l e ast t h e spac e of t wo ey es T h e stop b et ween t h e .

e y es well ma rk e d but n ot too ab rupt Colou r haz el b ro wn t h e -

dark er t h e b ett er sho wi n g n o h aw Nec k Ch est a n d R i bs —N e ck

.
, ,

, .
,

S lightly arch e d mod erat ely lo n g v ery muscular an d m easu ri n g in

, , ,

ci rcumferen c e about on e or t wo i n ch es l ess than t h e skull b efo re t h e

e ars .Ch est—W id e d eep an d well let do wn b e tween t h e fo re l e gs
, ,
-
.

R ibs arch e d an d well rou n d e d F als e ribs d ee p a n d well s et back to

-
.

t h e hips Girth should b e on e thi rd mo re tha n t h e h eight at t h e -

should er S hould er an d A rm—S lightly slopin g h eavy an d muscular

.

F o re-l egs an d F eet—L e gs st raight st ro n g a n d s et wid e apart ; bo n e s

. .
,

, ,

v ery lar ge E lbo ws s quare P ast ern s up right F ee t large an d

. . .

rou n d T o e s we ll ar ch e d up N ails black B a ck L oi n s a n d B lan k s

—B ack an d loin s wid e an d muscular ; fl at an d v ery wid e in a bitch
. . .
,

slightly arch ed in a do g Great d epth of fl an ks H in d -l egs an d F eet . .

H in d qua rt ers b road wid e a n d muscula r with well d ev elop e d s e co n d

-
, , ,

thigh s ho oks b en t wid e apart a n d quit e squarely s et wh en stan din g

T a il—P ut on high up an d reachi n g to t h e
, , ,

or w alki n g F eet rou n d. .

,

h ook s or a littl e b elo w th em wid e at its root a n d tap eri n g to t h e en d

, , ,

han gin g straight in repos e but fo rmi n g a cu rve with t h e en d p oi n tin g , ,

upwar ds but n ot ov er t h e b ack wh en t h e dog is excit ed Coa t

C ol ou r—C oat sho rt a n d clos e lyi n g but n ot too fi n e ov er t h e should ers
, , .

, ,

n e ck an d back
, C olou r ap ricot or silv er fawn or d ark fawn b ri n dle
.
, ,
- .

I n an y cas e muzzl e e ars a n d n os e should b e black with black rou n d

‘

, , , ,

t h e o rbits an d ext en di n g u p wards b et ween th em

, .
1 4 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
Siz e I S a quality v ery d esirabl e in this b reed The h eight of .

man y dogs of old en days was from thi rty two to thi rty three - -

i n ch es The h eight sho uld be obtai n ed rath er from great

.

d epth of body t h an l en gth of leg A l eggy Masti ff is very un .

d esi rabl e Thi rty i n ch es may be tak en as a fai r averag e

.

h eight for dogs a n d bitch es som ewhat l ess Many of Mr

, . .

L uk ey s stood 3 2 i n ch es a n d ov er Mr G r een s Mo n arch was

’
.
’

ov er 3 3 i n ch es The Shah 3 2 i n ch es a n d Ca rdi n al 3 2 i n ch es

, , .

Th e m ethod of rea ri n g a Masti ff has much to do with its

ultimat e siz e but it is p erhaps n eedless to say t h at t he s el ectio n
,

of t he breedin g stock has still mor e to do with this It is .

th erefo re ess en tial to s el ect a dog and bitch of a larg e strai n to

obt ai n larg e Masti ffs It is n ot so n ec essary that t he dogs
.

th ems elv es should be so la rg e as that th ey com e from a large

st rai n Th e w eight of a full grown dog should be a n ythi n g
.
-

ov er 1 6 0 lb Man y hav e tu rn ed ov er t he scal e at 1 8 0 lb Th e

. .

Shah for i n stan c e was 1 8 2 lb in w eight S cawfell over

, , .
,

2 oo lb .

of t h e great di fficulti es that breed ers of Masti ffs and all

On e
oth er larg e dogs hav e to co n t en d agai n st is in reari n g th e
puppi es ; so man y bitch es b ei n g clumsy a n d apt to kill th e
wh elps by lyi n g on th em It is th erefo re always b ett er to be
.
, ,

p rovid ed with on e or more fost er bitch es A t about six weeks .

O ld a fai rly good opi n io n may be fo rm ed as to what t h e puppi es

will ultimat ely turn out in c ertai n resp ects for although th ey , ,

may chan g e mat erially du ri n g growth t he good or bad ,

qualiti es which a re man ifest at that early a ge will in all prob ,

ability be apparen t wh en t h e puppy has reach ed maturity

, .

It is th erefo re frequ ently easi er to s el ect t h e b est puppy in

, ,

t h e n est t h a n to do so wh en th ey a re from six to n i n e or t en

mo n ths Old .

Puppi es should be allo wed all t h e lib erty possibl e an d n ever ,

be ti ed up t h ey should be tak en out f or st eady g en tl e ,

ex ercis e an d n ot p ermitt ed to get too fat or th ey b ecom e too

,

h eavy with d etrim en tal results to th eir l egs Man y Masti ff

, .

puppi es are v ery Shy a n d n ervous but th ey will grow out of this ,
1 6 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
With prop er feedi n g grooming ex ercis e and cleanlin ess
, , , ,

a n y larg e dog ca n be k ept in good co n dition without r esort to

m edicin e t he us e of which should be stri ctly prohibit ed u n less

,

th ere is real n eed for it Masti ffs k ept und er such conditions
.

a re far mo re lik ely to p rov e succ essful stud dogs and b rood

bitch es than thos e to which d el et erious drugs are co n stantly

b eing gi v en.
 C HA PTE R III
T HE B UL L D O G

THE B u lldog is kn own to have b een do micil ed in this coun try

for s everal c en turi es Lik e t h e Masti ff of whi ch it is a
.
,

”
small er fo rm it is a d esc en dan t of t he A lau n t Mas tiv e or
, , ,

Ban dog d escri b ed by Dr C ai us who stat es that th e Mas t yv e

, .
,

or B an d ogge is vast e h ug e s t ubborn e ougly and eag er of a

, , , ,

h ev y a n d burt h en ous body an d th erefo re but of littl e s wift

, ,

n ess e t erribl e an d frightful to behold e and mor e f earce and

, ,

fell than an y Arcadi an curre .

Th e first m en tio n of Bulldog as t he di sti n ctiv e nam e

of thi s n ow n atio n al b reed occurs in a l ett er writt en by ,

Prest wich E ato n from St S ebastian to G eorg e W elli n gham

.

in St Swithi n s L an e L o n do n in 1 63 1 or 1 63 2 for a good

’ %
.
, , ,

Mas tiv e dogg e a c as e of bottl es r epl en ish ed with t he b est

,

li ck our a n d p ray proceur mee two good bulld oggs a n d let

, ,

”
th em be s ent by y e first S hi pp O bviously th e n am e was .

d eriv ed from the dog s associatio n with th e sport Of bull b ai ting

’
-
.

Th e obj ect aim ed at in that pu rsui t was that t he dog sho uld pin
and hold t h e b ull by t he muzzl e and n ot l eav e it The bull , .

wa s n aturally h elpl ess wh en s eiz ed in his most t en d er part .

A s he lowered hi s h ead in o rd er to us e his horns it was n eces

sary for th e dog to k eep clos e to t he ground or in t he words of , ,

t h e old fanci ers of t h e S po rt to play low L arger dogs , .

were at a di sadvan tag e in this resp ect a n d th erefore thos e , , ,

of small er proportio n s which were quit e as suitabl e for the

,

sport w ere sel ect ed The averag e h eight of t h e dogs was

, .

about 1 6 i n ch es and th e w eight was g en erally about 45 lbs

, .
,

whilst t h e body was b road muscular and compact as is , , ,

”
shown in Scott s w ell kn own en gravi n g of Crib a nd R os a
’
-
.

c 17
1 8 DOG S AN D ALL A B O U T T HE M
Wh en bull baiti n g was prohibit ed by law
-
sportsm en of t he
th e p eriod tu rn ed th eir att en tio n to dog figh t in g a n d for t h is -
,

pastim e t he B ulldogs were sp eci a lly t rai n ed Th e c h i ef .

c en tres in L o n do n wh ere th es e exhibitio n s took place were t he

Westmin st er Pit the B ear G ard en at Banksid e a n d t h e O ld
, ,

Co n duit Fi elds in Bayswat er I n o rd er to obt ai n great er

.

quickn ess of movem en t man y of t h e Bulldogs were cross ed

with a t erri er although som e fa n ci ers reli ed on t he pure b reed
, .

It is rec o rd ed that Lo rd Camelford s Bulldog B elch er fought ’

on e hu n dred a n d four battl es without o n c e su fferi n g d ef eat .

The d ecli n e of bull baiti n g an d dog figh t in g aft er t h e passi n g

- -

of t he Bill prohi biti n g th es e spo rts was r espo n sibl e for a lack of
i n t erest in p erp etuati n g t he b reed of Bulldogs E ven in 1 82 4 .

it was said to be d eg en erati n g a n d g en tl em en who had pre

,

v iou s l y b een t h e chi ef b re ed ers gradually d es ert ed t h e fa n cy .

A t on e tim e it wa s stat ed that Wasp Child a n d Billy who , , ,

w ere of t he D uk e of Hamilto n s strai n were t he o n ly re’

mai n i n g Bulldogs in exist en c e a n d that upo n th ei r d eceas e t he

,

Bulldog would b ecom e ex ti n ct a proph ecy which all Bulldog

-

lovers happily fin d i n co rrect .

Th e sp ecim en s ali v e in 1 8 1 7 as s een in pri n ts O f that p eriod

, ,

w ere n ot so cloddy as thos e met with at t he pres ent day .

Still t he outlin e of R osa in t he en gr avi n g of Crib an d

,

R osa is consid ered to repres en t p erfection in the shap e mak e

, , ,

an d siz e of t h e id eal typ e of Bulldog The o n ly obj ectio n s .

which hav e b een tak en a re that t he bitch is d efici en t in wri n kl es

about t he h ead a n d n eck an d in substan c e of bo n e in t he
,

limbs .

Th e comm en c em ent of t he dog sho w era in 1 85 9 en abl ed

-

class es to be p rovid ed for Bulldogs an d a fresh i n c en tiv e to ,

b reed th em was o ffered to t he dog fan ci er In c ertai n di stricts .

of t he cou n try n otably in L o n do n Birmi n gham Sh effi eld

, , , ,

Man ch est er a n d D u dley a n umb er of fan ci ers resid ed an d it

, , ,

is to th ei r effo rts th at we a re i n d ebt ed for t he vari ed sp ecim ens

of t he b reed that are to be s een at t h e p res ent tim e .

I n formi n g a j udgm en t of a Bulldog t h e g en eral app earanc e

 T H E B ULLDOG 1 9

is of most impo rtan c e as t h e various points of th e dog should

,

be symm et rical a n d well bala n c ed n o on e poi n t b ei n g in exc ess ,

of t he oth ers so as to d est roy t he imp res sion of d et ermin atio n ,

stren gt h a n d activity which is co n veyed by t he typical S p eci

,

men . His body should be thicks et rath er low in statur e but , ,

b road powerful a n d compact Th e h ead should be strik

, , .

in gly massiv e a n d larg e in propo rtio n to t h e dog s siz e It ’

.

can n ot be too large so lo n g as it is square that is it must n ot ,

be wid er than it is d eep Th e larg er t h e h ead in ci rcum feren c e

.
,

caus ed by t h e promin en t ch eeks t he great er t he quan tity ,

of muscl e to hold t he j aws togeth er The h ead should be of .

great d epth from t he occiput to t h e bas e of t h e lo wer j aw and ,

should n ot in an y way be w edg e shap ed dom e shap ed or -

,
-
,

p eaked I n ci rcumferen c e t h e skull should m eas ure in fron t

.

of t he ea rs at l east t he h eight of th e dog at t he should ers Th e .

ch eeks should be w ell roun d ed ext en d sid eways b eyo n d t he ,

ey es a n d be w ell fu rn ish ed with muscl e L en gth of skull

—
.
,

t h at is t he di sta c b etw
,
n e e en h
t e ey e a n d t h e ea r is very
d esirabl e Th e fo reh ead should be fl at an d t he skin upo n it
.
,

a n d about t h e h ead v ery loos e ha n gi n g in larg e wri n kl es Th e

, .

t empl es or fro n tal bo n es sh ould be v ery p romi n en t broad

, , , ,

square an d high causin g a wid e an d d eep groov e kn own as

,

t he stop b etween t he eyes an d should ext en d up t he middl e ,

of t he fo reh ead divi di n g t he h ead v ertically b ei n g trac eabl e

, ,

at t he top of th e skull The expres sio n well b rok en up

.

is us ed wh ere this stop an d furrow are w ell mark ed a n d if ,

th ere is the att en dan t loos en ess of ski n t he an imal s expressio n ’

is well fin ish ed .

The fac e wh en m easured from t he fro n t of t h e ch eek bo n e

,
-

to t he n os e should be S hort an d its ski n S hould be d eeply a n d

, ,

closely wri n kl ed E xcessive sho rtn ess of face is n ot n atural

.
,

a n d ca n o n ly be obtai n ed by t h e sac ri fi c e of t h e chop .

Such sho rtn ess of fac e mak es t he dog app ear small er in h ead
a n d l ess fo rmidabl e tha n h e oth erwis e would be Fo rm erly .

t his sho rtn ess of fac e was a rtificially Obtai n ed by t h e us e of

”
t h e j ack a n at rocious form of to rtu re by which a n i ro n
%
, ,
20 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
in strum en t was us ed to fo rc e back t he fac e by m eans of th umb
screws The n o se sh ould be rough large broad and black
.
, , , ,

a n d this colou r should ext end to t h e low er l ip its top should

be d eeply s et back alm ost b etw een t he ey es
, The distanc e .

from th e i n n er corn er of t he ey e to t he extrem e tip of t h e n os e

should n ot be great er t han t he l en gth from t h e tip of th e n os e
to th e edge of th e u n d er lip The n ostrils should be large an d
.

wid e with a well d efin ed strai ght li n e visibl e b etween th em

,
-
.

The larg en ess of nostri l whi ch is a v ery d esi rabl e property is

, ,

possess ed by few of the rec en t priz e winn ers -

.

Wh en vi ewed in profil e t he tip of t h e nos e should touch an

imagi n ary li n e drawn from t he extremity of t he lower j aw to
t h e top of th e c en t re of t he skull This a n gl e of th e n os e and .

fac e is kn own as th e lay back a n d can o n ly prop erly be a s cer

-
,

t ai n ed by vi ewi n g t h e dog from th e sid e .

Th e incli n ation backwa rd of t he n os e allo ws a free p a ssag e

of t he ai r i n to t he n ostrils whi lst t he dog is holdi n g hi s quarry .

It is appar en t that if t he mouth di d n ot proj ect b eyo n d t h e

nos e th e n ost ri ls would be fl at again st t he part to which t he
,

dog was fixed and br eathi n g would th en be stopp ed

, .

”
Th e upp er lip call ed t h e chop or fi ews sh ould be thick
%
, , , ,

b road p en dan t a n d v ery d eep han gin g compl et ely over th e

, ,

lower j aw at th e sid es but o n ly j ust j oi n i n g t h e u n d er lip in

,

front y et cov eri n g th e t eeth compl et ely The amoun t of

,
.

cushi on which a dog may have is d ep en d en t upo n t he thick

n ess of t he fl ews Th e lips S hould not be p en dulous
. .

The upp er j aw should be broad massiv e a n d square th e , , ,

tusks b ei n g wid e apart whilst t he lower j a w b ei n g tu rn ed

, ,

upwards sho uld p roj ect in front of t he upp er The t eeth

, .

sho uld be large an d st ro n g and t he six small t eeth b et ween

,

t he tusks sho uld be in an ev en row Th e upp er j aw ca n n ot be .

too broad b et ween t he tusks If t he upp er a n d lower j aws .

are l evel and t he muzzl e is n ot tu rn ed upwa rds t he dog is sai d

,

”
to be down faced whi lst if t he u n d erj aw is n ot und ershot
-
,

”
he is said to be froggy A wry fac ed dog is on e havi n g
.
-

t he lower j aw twist ed a n d thi s d eformity so d et racts from t h e

,
 T H E B ULLDOG 21

g en eral app earan c e of t he dog as s eriously to han di cap him

in t he show ri n g -
.

Th e u n d erj aw p roj ects b eyon d t he upp er in o rd er to allow

t h e dog wh en ru n n i n g di rectly to t h e fro n t to grasp t h e bull
, , ,

a n d wh en fix ed to giv e him a fi rm er hold

, , Th e ey es s een .
,

from t he fro n t should be situat ed low down in t he skull as far

, ,

from t he ears th e n ose an d each ot h er as possibl e but quit e

, , ,

in fro n t of t h e fo reh ead so lo n g as th ei r corn ers a re in a st raight

,

li n e at right an gl es with t he stop an d in fro n t of t he fo reh ead , .

Th ey should be a littl e abov e t h e l ev el of t h e bas e of t h e n asal

bo n e a n d s h ould be quit e rou n d in shap e of mod erat e siz e
, , ,

n eith er su n k en n or p romi n en t a n d be as black in colou r as

possibl e—almost if n ot quit e black S howi n g n o whit e wh en

,

, , ,

looki n g di re ctly to t h e fro n t .

A goo d d eal of a Bulldog s app eara n c e d ep en ds on t he ’

qu ality shap e a n d carriage of his ears Th ey should be small

, , .

a n d thi n a n d s et h igh on t h e h ead

,
that is t he fro n t i n n er ,

e dg e of each ea r should as vi ew ed from t h e fro n t j oi n t he out

, ,

lin e of t he S kull at t he top co rn er of such outli n e so as to plac e ,

th em as wid e apart as high an d as far from t he eyes as

, ,

”
possibl e The shap e should be that whi ch is kn own as ros e
.
,

in whi ch t h e ear folds i n ward at t h e back t h e upp er or fro n t ,

e dg e curvi n g ov er outwa rds a n d back wards showi n g part of ,

t he i n sid e of t h e burr If t h e ears are plac ed low on t he skull

.

th ey giv e an a pplehea d ed app earan c e to t he dog If t he ear .

falls in fro n t hidi n g t he i n t erio r as is t h e cas e with a Fox

, ,

”
t erri er it is said to butto n an d this typ e is highly obj ec
, ,

t ion a ble Un fo rtunat ely withi n t he last few y ears t he ,

butto n a n d s emi tulip ear hav e b een rath er preval en t

-

a mo n gst t h e sp ecim en s on t he S ho w b en ch

If t he ear is carri ed erect it is kn o wn as a tulip ear and ,

this fo rm also is obj ectio n abl e Neverth el es s at t h e b egi n nin g .

,

o f t he n in et eet h c en tu ry two out of ev ery th ree dogs po ss ess ed

e ars of this d escriptio n .

Th e n eck should be mod erat e in l en gth v ery thi ck d eep , , ,

m uscular an d sh ort but of su ffici ent l en gth to allow it to be

, ,
22 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
well arch ed at t h e back comm en ci n g at t he j un ctio n with the
,

skull Th ere should be plen ty of loos e thick a n d wri n kl ed

.
, ,

ski n about t he throat formi n g a d ewlap on each sid e from

,

t h e low er j a w to t h e ch est .

Th e ch est s h ould be v ery wid e lat erally rou n d p romi n en t , , ,

a n d d eep maki n g t he dog app ear v ery b road a n d sho rt

,

l egg ed in fro n t Th e should ers s h ould be b road t he blad es

.
,

S lopi n g co n sid erably from t h e body ; th ey should be d eep ,

v ery po werful an d muscular and should be fl at at t he top

, ,

and play loos ely from t h e Ch est .

Th e b risk et should be capacious rou n d an d v ery d eep , ,

from t he should er to th e lo west part wh ere it j oi n s t he ch est , ,

and be w ell let down b etween th e fo re l egs It should be larg e -

.

in di am et er a n d rou n d b ehi n d t h e fo re l egs n eith er fi a t sid ed

,
-
,
-

n or si n ki n g whi ch it wi ll not do p rovid ed that t he fi rst a n d

,

succ eedi n g ribs a re well roun d ed The b elly should be well .

tuck ed up an d n ot p en dulous a small n arrow waist b ei n g ,

gr eatly admi red Th e d esi red obj ect in body fo rmatio n is

.

to obt ai n great gi rth at th e brisk et a n d t he small est possibl e ,

arou n d th e waist that is t he loins should be arch ed v ery

, ,

”
hi gh wh en th e dog is said to hav e a good
,
cut up -
.

Th e back should be sho rt a n d stro n g v ery b road at t h e ,

s hould er a n d comparativ ely na rrow at t he loi n s The back .

should ris e b ehi n d t h e Should ers in a grac eful cu rve to t h e

loi n s t he top of which should be high er than t he top of th e
,

should ers th en c e curvi n g agai n mo re sudd en ly to t h e tail

, ,

formi n g a n arch kn o wn as t he roach back which is ,

ess en tially a cha ract eristic of t h e b reed thoug h un fort u , ,

n at ely man y l eadi n g p ri z e W i n n ers of t he p res en t day a re

-
,

en ti rely d efici en t in this resp ect Som e dogs dip v ery con .

s id era bly som e di sta n c e b ehi n d t h e should ers b efo re t h e up

ward curv e of th e spin e b egi n s and t h es e a re kn own as ,

swamp back ed-

oth ers ris e in a n almost st raight lin e t o
”
th e roo t of t h e tail an d a re k n own as
, st ern high -
.

The t ai l should be s et on low j ut out rath er straight t h en , ,

turn downward s t he en d poin ti n g hori zo n tally It should be

, .
24 D OG S A N D A L L A B OU T T HE M
n ot be so short as thos e of t he fo l gs The hi n d feet whilst re- e .
-
,

b eing small er than t he fo refeet should be rou n d a n d compact , ,

with t he to es w ell S plit up a n d t he kn uckles p romi n en t , .

The most d esirabl e w eight for a Bu lldog is about 5 0 lbs .

The coat should be fin e in t extu re S ho rt clos e a n d smooth , , , ,

s ilky wh en strok ed from t h e h ead towards t he t ai l owi n g to its

clos en ess but n ot wiry wh en strok ed in t h e rev ers e di rectio n

, .

The colour should be whol e or smut th e latt er b ei n g a ,

whol e colo ur with a black mask or muzzl e It should be .

brillian t and pur e of its so rt The colou rs in o rd er of m erit .

ar e first whol e colou rs a n d smuts V iz

, ,
bri n dl es r eds whit e , .
, , , ,

with th eir vari eti es as whole fawns fallows et c and

, , , .
, ,

s econ dly pi ed and mix ed colours Opi n ion s di ffer co n sid erably
,
.

on t he colour qu estion on e j udg e will s et back a fawn a n d

put forward a pi ed dog whilst oth ers will do t h e r ev ers e
, .

O ccasio n ally on e com es across sp ecim ens having a black and -

tan colour which although not m ention ed in t he recogn is ed

, ,

stan dard as b ei n g d ebarr ed do n ot as a rul e figure in t he pri z e

,

list Som e of t he b est sp ecim en s which th e writ er has s een

.

—
have b een black and tans an d a few years ago on th e award
-
,

of a first priz e to a bitch of this colou r a lon g but non — co n clu ,

siv e argum en t was h eld in th e can in e press G rant ed that t he .

colour is obj ectio n abl e a dog which scor es in all oth er pro
,

p er t ies should not be put down for this poi n t alo n e s eei n g that ,

in t he dog fight in g days th ere w er e ma n y sp ecim en s of this

-

colour .

I n acti on t he Bulldog should hav e a p eculiarly h eavy a n d

co n strai n ed gait a rolli n g or ,
slouchi n g mo v em ent
, ,

app earin g to walk with sho rt quick st eps on t he tip of h is ,

to es his hi n d feet n ot b ei n g lift ed high but app eari n g to skim

,
-

t h e ground an d ru n n i n g with t he right S hould er rath er a d

,

v an ced simil ar to t h e ma n n er of a ho rs e wh en ca n t eri n g

, .

The fo regoin g mi n ut e d esc riptio n of t h e various show

poin ts of a Bulldog i n dicat es that h e should hav e t h e app ear
a n c e of a thick s et Ayrshi re or Highlan d bull I n statu re h e
-
.

should be low to the groun d broad an d compact t he body , ,

 T H E B ULLDOG 25

b ein g carri ed b etween and n ot on t he fo re legs He should -

.

stan d ov er a great d eal of grou n d a n d hav e t h e app earanc e ,

of imm en s e power The h eig h t of t h e fo re leg should n ot ex

.
-

ceed t h e di sta n c e from th e elbow to t h e c en t re of t h e back ,

b etween t h e should er blad es .

Co n sid erabl e importance is attach ed to t he freedom and

activity di splay ed by t h e an imal in its movem en ts D e .

form ed j oi n ts or weakn ess a re v ery obj ectio n abl e The

, , .

h ead should be striki n gly massiv e an d carri ed low t he fac e ,

short th e muzzl e v ery b road blu n t a n d i n clin ed up wards

, , , .

Th e body should be sho rt an d w ell kn i t t he limbs stout a n d -

, ,

muscular Th e hi n d quart ers should be very high and s t ro n g

.
-
,

but rath er lightly mad e in compariso n with the h eavily

mad e fo re parts -
.

It must be ackn o wl edg ed that th ere are many strai n s of

this b reed whi ch are co n stitutio n ally un s ound For thi s .

r easo n it is importan t that t h e n ovic e should give very careful

con sid eratio n to his first purchas e of a B ulldog He should .

asc ertain b eyo n d all doubt n ot o n ly that his propos ed pur

,

chas e is its elf soun d in win d a n d limb but th at it s si re a n d ,

d am ar e an d hav e b een in similarly h ealth y co n dition

, , The .

dog to be chos en should be physically stro n g a n d S how pro

n oun ced muscular d ev elopm en t If th es e requirem en ts are
.

pr es en t and th e dog is in n o s en s e a co n tradi ctio n of t h e good

qualiti es of its p rog enito rs but a j ustificatio n of its p edi gr ee
, ,

care a n d good t reatm en t will do t he rest It is to be re .

m emb ered how ever that a Bulldog may be improv ed by

, ,

j udi cious ex ercis e Wh en at ex ercis e or taki n g a walk with

.
,

his own er t he young dog should always be h eld by a l eash

, .

He will i n variably pull vigo rously agai n st thi s restrai n t but ,

such actio n is b en efi ci al as it t en ds to d ev elop t h e muscl es

,

of t h e s h ould ers an d fro n t of t he body .

Wh en taki n g up t h e Bulldog fa n cy n i n e out of ev ery t en ,

n ovic es choos e to purchas e a mal e Th e co n trary cours e should .

be adopt ed Th e femal e is a n equally good compani o n in t h e

.

hOus e or on t h e road s h e is n ot l ess a ff ectio n at e a n d fai thfu l

26 DOG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
and wh en t he i n evitabl e d esi re to att empt to reproduce the
S p eci es is reach ed t h e b egi n n er has t he m ea n s at o n c e availabl e .

It is always diffi cult for t he u n i n itiat ed to s el ect what is

li k ely to be a good dog from th e n est I n choosi n g a puppy
.

car e should be tak en to en sure it has pl en ty of bo n e in its

limbs a n d th es e should be fai rly sho rt and wid e
, t he n ostri ls
S hould be la rg e an d t h e fac e as sho rt as possibl e The chop .

should be thick an d h eavily wri n kl ed a n d t h e mouth square .

Th ere should be a disti n ct i n d en t in t he upp er j aw wh er e th e ,

bo n e wi ll ev en tually cu rv e whilst t he low er j aw should show

,

sign s of curvatu re and p rot rud e S lig h tly in fro n t of the upp er
j aw Th e t eeth from can i n e to ca nin e i n cludi n g t he six
.
,

fro n t t eet h should be in a straight li n e

, .

S ee that t h e ea rs a re v ery small a n d thi n a n d t he ey es s et

,

well apart Th e puppy havi n g th es e prop erti es togeth er

.
,

with a dom ed p eak ed or cocoa n ut shap ed skull is t he on e

, , ,

which in n i n e cas es out of t en will even tually mak e t he b es t

, ,

h ead ed dog of t h e litt er .

Th e b reedi n g of Bulldogs r equi res u n limit e d pati en c e as ,

succ ess is v ery di ffi cult to attai n Th e breed er who can rear

.

fi v e out of ev ery t en puppi es born may be co n sid er ed fort u

n at e . It is frequ en tly fou n d in w h at app ears to be a h ealthy
lot of puppi es t h at som e of th em b egi n to whi n e and whimp er
towards t he en d of t h e first day a n d in such cas es t he wri t er s
,
’

exp eri en c e is that th ere will be a sp ee dy bu rial .

It may be that t he caus e is d ue to som e acidity of t he milk ,

but in such a cas e on e would exp ect that similar d ifli cult y
would be exp eri en c ed with t h e remai n d er of t he litt er but ,

this is n ot t h e usual result Provid ed that t h e puppi es ca n be

.

k ept ali v e u n til t h e fourth day it may be tak en that t h e

,

ch an c es are well in favou r of ultimat e succ ess .

Ma n y b reed ers obj ect to feedi n g t he moth er with m eat

at this tim e but t h e writ er o n c e h a d two litt er sist ers who
,

whelp ed on t he sam e day a n d he d ecid ed to t ry th e effect

,

of a m eat vers us fari n ac eous di et upo n th em AS a result t he .

bitch w h o was freely fed with ra w b eef rear ed a stro n g er lot

MR AN D M RS A RT H U R MA Y O R '
B U LL D O G LE NT
.

S CH
.

. SI D U C HE SS
 T H E B ULLD OG 27

of puppi es showi n g b ett er d ev elop ed bo n e than di d t he on e

, ,

who was fed on milk an d c ereals .

Similarly in o rd er that t h e puppy aft er wean i n g may

, , ,

d evelop pl en ty of bo n e a n d muscl e it is advisabl e to feed

,

o n c e a day upon fin ely mi n c ed ra w m eat Th ere a re som e .

succ essful b reed ers i n d eed who i n variably give to each

, ,

puppy a t easpoo n ful of cod liv er oil in t he mo rn i n g a n d a

similar dos e of ext ract of malt in t he ev en i n g with t he res ult ,

that th ere a re n ev er a n y rick ety or w eak dogs in t he ken n els ,

whilst t he d ev elopm en t of t he bo n es in t he skull an d limbs

is most p ro n o u n c ed .

O wi n g to th eir l ethargic disposition young Bulldogs a re

,

som ewhat liable to i n digestio n a n d duri n g t he p eriod of

,

puppy h ood it is of advan tag e to giv e th em a tabl espoon ful

of lim e wat er o n ce a day in t h ei r milk food .

Many n ovic es are in doubt as to t he b est tim e to breed from

a Bull bitch s eei n g that oestrum is pres en t b efore sh e is fully
,

d ev elop ed It may be tak en as practically c ertai n that it is

.

b ett er for her to be allowed to b reed at h er fi rst h eat Natu re .

has so arran ged matt ers that a Bull bitch is n ot fi rmly s et in

h er bo n es un til s h e r each es a n a ge of from t welv e to eight een
mo n ths an d th erefo re s he will have l ess di ffi culty in gi v i n g
,

birth to her o ffspri n g if sh e be allo wed to b reed at t h is tim e .

Great mortality occurs in att empti n g to b reed from m ai den

bitch es exc eedi n g th ree years of age as t he writ er knows to
,

his cost .

It is d esirabl e in t he cas e of a you n g bitch havi n g her first

,

litt er for her mast er or mistress to be n ear her at t h e tim e

, ,

in ord er to ren d er a n y n ec essary assista n c e but such att en

tio n s S hould n ot be gi v en u n l ess actual n ecess ity aris es .

Som e bitch es with exc essive lay back a n d shortn ess of fac e
-

hav e at tim es a diffi culty in rel easi n g th e puppy from th e

m embran e in which it is bo rn a n d in such a cas e it is n ec essary
,

f or t h e own er to op en this cov eri n g a n d rel eas e t h e puppy ,

g en tly shaki n g it about in t he box u n til it coughs a n d b egi n s

to breath e .
28 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
Th e umbi li cal cord s h ould be s evered from t he aft erbirth
about fo ur i n ch es from t h e puppy a n d this will dry up an d ,

fall away in t he cours e of a coupl e of days .

I n g en eral it is t ru e eco n omy for t h e Bulldog b reed er to

,

provid e a fost er mot h er in readi n ess for t he bir t h of t h e ex

-

p e c t ed litt er e sp e cially is this so in t h e cas e of a fi rst li tt er ,

wh en t he qualification s for n ursi n g by t h e moth er are um

kn own Wh ere th ere are mo re than fi v e puppi es it is also
.

d esi rable to Obt ai n a fost er moth er in o rd er t h at full no urish

-

m en t may be given to t h e litt er by both moth ers .

Th e b est tim e of t h e y ear for puppi es to be born is in t h e

S pri n g wh en owi n g to t he app roachi n g warm w eath er th ey
, , ,

can l ead a n outdoo r lif e By t h e tim e th ey are six mo n ths

.

old t h ey should hav e s ufli cien t stami n a to en abl e t h em to

withstan d t h e cold of t h e succ ee di n g wi n t er It has b een .

as c ertain ed that Bulldogs which hav e b een r ear e d out of doo rs

a re t h e l east liabl e to su ff er from i n di g estio n to rpidity of t h e ,

liver asthma or o t h er ch est ailmen ts whilst th ey i n variably

, ,

have th e hardi est co n stitutio n .

Bulldogs gen erally requi re lib eral f eedi n g an d should hav e ,

a m eal of dry biscuit t h e first thi n g in t h e morni n g whilst ,

t h e ev en i n g m eal should co n s ist of a good st ew of butch er s

’

o ffal pou red ov er b roken biscuit b read or oth er c ereal food, , .

I n t he wi n t er tim e it is adva n tag eous to soak a tabl espoo n ful

of li n s eed in wat er ov ern ight a n d aft er t h e pods hav e Op en ed
,

to turn t h e resulti n g j elly i n to t h e st ew pot This en sur es a .

fi n e glossy coat a n d is of valu e in to n i n g up t h e i n t estin es

, .

Care must how ev er be tak en n ot to follow this practic e to

, ,

e xc ess in warm w eath er as t h e h eati n g n atu re of t h e li n s eed

,

will ev en tually cause skin t roubl e .

W ith th es e special poi n ts att en ded to t he n ovic e should ,

fin d n o diff iculty in succ essfully b ecomi n g a Bulldog fan ci er ,

o wn er an d breed er
, .

I n co n clusio n it c an n ot be too wid ely k n own that t he

,

B ulldog is on e of t he v ery few b reeds which can with ,

p erfect safety be trust ed alon e to t he m ercy of chil d ren

, ,
3 0 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
wri t small I n Oth er wo rds t h e gen eral app earan ce of t he
.
,

Min iatu re Bulldog must as n early as possibl e res embl e t h at

of the Big Bulldog — a t ers e s en t en c e w h ich compris es in
its elf all t h at can be said on t he subj ect .

A s compan io n s a n d fri en ds Mi n iature Bulldogs are faithful ,

fo n d an d ev en foolish in th ei r d evotio n as all t ru e fri en ds

, ,

should be T h ey a re absolut ely a n d i n variably good t em

.
-

p ered a n d as a rul e suffi ci en tly fo n d of t h e luxu ri es of this

, , ,

— —
li fe n ot to say gr eedy to be easily caj ol ed i n to ob edi en c e .

R emarkably i n t ellig en t a n d cari n g en oug h for sport to be

,

sympath etically excit ed at t he sight of a rabbit wit h out

d egen erati n g i n to cran ks on t h e subj ec t lik e t erri ers Ta k .

in g a k een i n t erest in all su rrou n di n g p eopl e an d obj ects ,

wi thout how ever givi n g way to c eas el ess barki n g en j oyi n g

, ,

outdoo r ex ercis e wit h out requiri n g a n exhausti n g amoun t

, ,

t h ey a re in ev ery way id eal p ets a n d adapt th ems elves to ,

to wn a n d cou n t ry alik e .

A s p uppi es t h ey are d elicat e an d requi re co n stan t care an d

,

S up ervisio n but that o n ly adds a k een er z est to th e a t t ra c

tiv e task of b reedin g th em t h e mo re so o wi n g to the fact t h at
,

as moth ers t h ey do n ot shi n e b ei n g v ery di ffi cult to man ag e

, ,

a n d g en erally ma n if esti n g a st ro n g disli k e to rea ri n g th eir

o wn offsp ri n g I n ot h er resp ects th ey a re quit e ha rdy littl e

dogs a n d—on e gr eat advan tag e—th ey s eldom have dist emp er
.

.
,

Cold a n d damp th ey particularly dislik e esp ecially wh en ,

puppi es a n d t he gr eat est care should be tak en to k eep th em

,

thoroughly d ry a n d warm Wh en v ery youn g i n d eed th ey

.

can sta n d an d are t h e b ett er for a n ext rao rdina ry am ou n t

, ,

of h eat .

T HEFR E NC H B ULLD OG ( B O ULE D O GUE FR ANCAI S )

Th ere app ears to be n o doubt t h at t h e Fren ch Bulldog
o rigi n at ed in E n glan d an d is an offshoot of t h e E n glish
,

mi n iature vari ety Bulldog n ot t h e Bulldog on e s ees on t h e

,

n —
b e ch to day but of t h e tulip eared a n d s h o rt u n d erj awed
,
-

S p ecim en s which w ere commo n in L o n do n Notti n gham , ,

 T H E B ULLDOG 3 1

Bi rmi n gham a n d Sh effi eld in t h e early fi ft ies Th ere wa s at

,
’
.

t h at tim e a co n stan t emigratio n of la cework ers from Notti n g

ham to t he coast to wn s of No rman dy wh ere lac e factori es
,

were spri n gi n g i n to exist en c e a n d t h es e immigra n ts frequ en tly

,

took a Bulldog with th em to t h e lan d of th ei r adoptio n Th e .

co n vers e m eth od was also adopt ed Prio r to 1 90 2 Fren c h

.

Bulldogs were impo rt ed i n to thi s cou n t ry with t h e obj ect of

resuscitati n g t h e st rai n of ba n tam Bulldogs whi ch in cours e
,

of y ears had b een allow ed to dwi n dl e in n umb ers an d were ,

in dan g er of b ecomi n g exti n ct .

Th ere are sup erfi cial simi lariti es b etw een t h e E n glish a n d
t h e Fren ch toy Bulldog t h e on e disti n guis h i n g c h a ract eristic
,

b ein g that in t h e Fren c h vari ety t h e ears a re hi gh er on t h e

h ea d an d are h eld erect Un til a few years ago t h e two were
.

i n t erb red but disput es as to th eir ess en tial di fferen c es led

,

th e K en n el Club to i n t erv en e a n d t h e typ es hav e si n c e b een

k ept rigi dly apart t h e smart littl e bat cared Bulldogs of
,
-

Fran c e rec eivi n g recogn itio n u n d er t h e b reed n am e of Boul

do gu es Fran cais .
 C HA P TE R IV
T HE ST . B E R NA R D

THE hi story of St B ern ard dog would n ot be compl et e

t he .

without referen ce b ei n g mad e to th e n oble wo rk that h e has

do n e in Switz erlan d his n ative land : how t h e Hospic e St
, .

B ern ard k ept a co n sid erabl e n umb er of dogs whi ch were

trai n ed to go ov er t he moun tai n s with small barrels rou n d
th eir n ecks co n tai n in g resto ratives in th e ev en t of th eir
, ,

comi n g across a n y poor trav ell ers wh o had eith er lost th eir
way or had b een ov ercom e by t he cold We hav e b een told
, .

that t he i n t ellig en t an imals sav ed man y liv es in this way ,

t h e subj ects O f th ei r d eli veranc e oft en b ei n g foun d enti rely

bu ri ed in th e sn o w .

Han dsom e as t he St B ern ard is with his attractive colour

.
,

an d ma rki n gs he is a cross b red dog

,
-
From t he records of .

old writ ers it is to be gath ered that to refill th e k en n els at th e

Hospic e which had b een ren d ered vacan t from t h e combi n ed
catastroph es of dist emp er and t he fall of a n avalan ch e which
had swept away n early all t h eir hounds t he monks were ,

comp ell ed to have recou rs e to a cross with t he Newfoundlan d

a n d t h e Pyr en ea n sh eepdog t he latt er n ot u n lik e t h e St
, .

B ern ard in siz e a n d app earan c e Th en agai n th ere is n o

.
, ,

doubt what ev er that at som e tim e t he Bloodhou n d has b een

int roduced a n d it is kn own for a c ertai n ty that almost all
,

t he most c el eb rat ed St B ern ards in E n gland at t h e pres en t

.

tim e a re clos ely alli ed to t he Masti ff .

The result of all this i n t ermixtur e of di fferen t br eeds has

b een t he productio n of an exceedi n gly fin e rac e of dogs which ,

form on e of t he most attractive featu res at our dog shows ,

3 2
 T HE S T . B E RNARD 33

an d a re individually exc ell en t guards an d companio n s AS .

a compan ion the St B ern ard cannot be surpass ed wh en a

, .
,

larg e dog is required for t he purpos e Most docile in t emp era .

m en t a n d di spositio n h e is admi rably suit ed as th e associat e

,

of a lady or a child .

Th e St B ern ard is s en sitiv e to a d egr ee and s eldom forg ets

.
,

an insult whi ch h e r es en ts with dign ity Sp ecim en s of th e

, .

breed hav e occasio n ally b een s een that are savag e but wh en ,

this is t he cas e ill treatm en t of som e sort has assu redly b een
-

t he provoki n g caus e .

The dogs at t h e Hospic e of St B ern ard a re small in com .

pariso n with th os e that are s een in E n gland b elo n gi n g to the

sam e race The Holy Fath ers w ere mo re particular about
.

th eir marki n gs than gr eat siz e Th e body colour should be .

bri n dl e or o ran ge tawn y with whi t e marki n gs ; t h e muzzle

,

whit e with a li n e ru n n i n g up b etw een t he eyes an d ov er th e

, ,

skull j oi nin g at th e back the whi t e collar that en circles the

,

n eck down to t h e fro n t of t h e should ers The colour round .

t he eyes an d on th e e ars should be of a dark er shad e in t h e

red in t h e c en tr e of t h e whit e li n e at th e occiput t h ere S ho uld
be a spot of colour Th es e marki n gs are said to repres en t
.

t h e stol e chasubl e a n d scapular which form part of th e v est

,

m ents worn by t h e mo n ks but it is s eldom that th e markings

ar e so cl early d efin ed ; th ey a re mo re oft en whi t e with ,

b ri n dle or o ra n ge patch es on th e body wi t h even ly mark ed ,

-

h eads .

In E ngland St B ern ards are eith er distinctly rough in coat

.

or smooth but t he g en erali ty of the Hospic e dogs are brok en

,

in coat havi n g a t extur e b etween t h e two extrem es

, The .

properti es however of the rough an d smooth a re t he sa m e

, , ,

so that t he t wo vari eti es are oft en bred tog eth er an d as a , ,

rule both t extur es of coat will be t he result of th e allian ce

, .

The lat e M Schumach er a great authority on th e b reed in

.
,

Switz erlan d av erred that dogs with v ery rough coats were
,

found to be of no u s e for work on t h e Alps as th ei r thick ,

co veri n g b ecam e so load ed with sn ow and th eir feet so clogg ed

D
34 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T H E M
that th ey succumb ed u n d er t he weight a n d p eri sh ed O n .

that accoun t th ey w ere di scard ed by th e mon ks .

I n conn ection with t he o rigi n of t he St B ern ard M Schu .

, .

mach er wrot e in a l ett er to Mr J C Macdo n a who was t he . . .

,

fi rst to introduc e t he b reed i n to G reat B rit ai n in a n y n umb ers

A ccordi n g to t he t radi tio n of th e Holy Fath ers of th e G reat
Sai n t B ernard th eir rac e d esc en ds from t he crossing of a
,

bitch ( a Bulldog sp eci es) of D en mark a n d a Masti ff ( Sh eph erd s ’

D og) of t he Pyr en ees The d esc en dan ts of th e crossin g

.
,

who hav e i n h erit ed from the D anish dog its extrao rdin ary
siz e and bodily stren gth a n d from t he Pyren ean Masti ff th e
,

i n t elligen ce t h e exquisit e s ens e of sm ell an d at t h e s ame

, , ,

tim e t he fai thfuln ess a n d sagacity which charact eris e th em

, ,

have acquired in t h e spac e of fiv e c en tu ri es so glorious a

n otori ety th roughout E urop e that th ey w ell m erit th e n a m e
”
of a di sti n ct race for th ems elves .

From t he sam e autho rity we l earn that it is som ethi n g

lik e six hu n dred years sin ce t he St B ern ard cam e i n to exist .

en c e
. It was n ot how ever till comp etitiv e exhibitio n s for
, ,

dogs had b een for som e y ears establi sh ed that t h e St B ernard .

gai n ed a footi n g in G reat B ri tai n A few S p ecim ens had b een .

impo rt ed from th e Hospic e b efo re Mr Cummi n g Macdo n a .

( th e n t h e R ev Cu m
. mi n g Macdo n a ) i n t roduc ed us to t h e

c el eb rat ed Tell who with oth ers of the breed brought from
, ,

S witz erlan d fo rm ed t he fou n datio n of his magn ific en t k en n el

,

at West Ki rby in Ch eshire A lb ert Smith wh om som e

,
.
,

few th at a re n ow aliv e will rem emb er as an amusi n g l ecturer ,

b rought a pai r from t he Hospic e wh en returni n g from

a visit to t he Conti n en t a n d mad e th em tak e a part
in his att ractiv e en t ertai n m en t but t he associatio n s of
t he St B ern ard with t h e n obl e d eeds record ed in hi story
.

were n ot th en so wid ely kn own a n d th es e two dogs ,

pass ed away without havi ng creat ed an y particular

en thusi asm .

L at er on at a dog show at Cremom e h eld in 1 863 two St

, , .

B ern ards were exhibit ed each of whom rej oic ed in t h e n am e

,
 T H E ST . B E RNARD 35

of Mo n k a n d were resp ectively t he prop erty of t he R ev

, , , .

A N Bat e an d Mr W H Sto n e Th es e dogs w ere exhi bit ed

. . . . . .

without p edi gr ees but w ere s ai d to hav e b een b red at t h e

,

Hospic e of St B ern ard . Thr ee yea rs lat er at t h e Natio n al

.
,

Show at Birmi n gham a s eparat e class was provid ed for th e

,

sai n tly breed a n d Mr Cum mi n g Macdona was first a n d

, .

s eco n d with Tell an d B ern ard This led to an i mm ediat e .

popularity of t he St B ern ard But Tell was t h e h ero of

. .

th e shows at whi ch h e app ear ed a n d his own er was r ecogn is ed ,

as b ei n g t h e i n troduc er i n to this coun try of the magn ificen t

vari ety of t he can i n e rac e that n ow holds such a p romi n en t
positio n as a show dog .

Th e n am es of T ell a n d B ernard hav e b een han d ed down

to fam e t h e fo rm er as t he prog en ito r of a lo n g li n e of rough
,

coat ed o ffspri n g ; t h e latt er as on e of t h e fou n d ers of t h e

famous Sh efford K en n el k ept by Mr Fred G resham who , .
,

p robably co n tribut ed mo re to t h e p erfectin g of th e St B ern ard .

than any oth er b reed er His Bi rn i e Mo n k A bb ess Grosven or

.
, , ,

H ecto r a n d Shah are n am es whi ch app ear in t h e p edigr ees

,

of most of the b est dogs of mo re recen t tim es Wh en Mr . .

G res h am dr ew his lo n g reco rd of succ ess to a clos e th ere cam e

a lull in t he popularity of t he b reed u n til Dr I n man in part n er .
,

ship with Mr B W almsl ey establish ed a k en n el first at

. .
,

Barfo rd n ear Bath a n d th en at Th e Prio ry at Bo wd en in

, , , ,

Ch eshi re wh ere th ey succ eed ed in breed i n g t he fin est k en n el

,

of St B ern ards that has ev er b een s een in t he wo rld Dr

. . .

Inman had for s ev eral y ears own ed good dogs a n d s et about ,

t he wo rk on sci en ti fi c pri n cipl es H e in co n j u n ctio n with .

,

Mr W almsl ey purchas ed t h e smooth coat ed K en ilwo rth

.
,
-

from Mr L oft b red t h at dog s p roduc e with a bri n dl e Masti ff

.
,
’

of high reput e a n d t h en cross ed back to his St B ern ards

,
.

with t h e most succ essful results Dr I n man was i n strum en tal . .

in formi n g t h e Natio n al St B ern a rd Club wh ich was soo n .

,

well suppo rt e d with m emb ers a n d n ow has at its di sposal ,

a good collectio n of valuabl e ch all en g e cups Th e dogs .

bred at Bowd en carri ed all b efo re th em in t h e S h ow ri n g ,

3 6 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

and w ere co n ti n ually in requ est for stud purpos es improving ,

th e b reed to a rema rkabl e ext en t .

A t t h e disposal of M essrs Inman an d Walrn s ley s k en n el .

’

th ere were such admi rabl e d ogs as t he rough coat ed W olfram -

— from whom were bred Tan nh aus er Narcissus L eont es , ,

a n d Kli n gsor—t h e smoo th coat ed dogs t h e Ki n g s Son a n d

’
-
,

Th e Viki n g ; t he rough coat ed bitch Judith I n man a n d -

, ,

th e smooth Viola t h e last n am ed t h e fin est sp ecim en of h er

,
-

s ex that has probably ev er b een s een Th es e dogs a n d bitch es .

,

with s everal oth ers w ere disp ers ed all over E n gland with , ,

t h e exc ept io n of Kli n gso r who w en t to South A frica , .

Almost all t he b est St B ern ards in Great Britai n at t he .

pres en t tim e hav e b een b red or a re d esc en d ed from t h e Bowd en

dogs .

The followi n g is t he d escriptio n of t h e St B ernard as .

drawn up by t h e m emb ers of t h e St B ern ard Club .

H ea d—T h e h ead should b e l ar g e an d massiv e t h e c ircumferen c e of ,

t he skull b ein g mo re than doubl e t h e l en gth of t h e h ead from n os e to

occiput F rom stop to tip of n os e should be mod erat ely sho rt ; full
.

b elo w t h e ey e an d square at t h e muzzl e th ere should be gre at d epth

from t h e ey e to t h e lo wer j aw an d t h e lips should b e d eep throughout, ,

but n ot too p en dulous F rom t h e n os e to t h e stop should b e straight

.
,

a n d t h e stop ab rupt a n d we ll d e fi n e d T h e skull should b e b road an d .

rou n d e d at t h e top but n ot dom e d with som ewhat p rom in en t b ro w

E a rs—T h e e a rs should b e of m e dium siz e lyi n g clos e to t h e ch eek but
.
, ,

st ro n g at t h e bas e an d n ot h e avily feath ered E yes —Th e eye s sho uld

, ,

b e rath er small an d d eep s et dark in colou r a n d n ot too clos e tog eth er

,

t h e lo wer ey elid should d roop so as to sho w a fai r amou n t of h aw

Nos e—T h e n os e should b e lar ge an d black with well d evelop ed n ostrils
.
,

E xpres s i on —T h e exp ressio n should b etok en

.
,

T h e t eeth should b e l ev el
b en evol en ce dign ity a n d in tellig en c e Neck —T h e n e ck should be
.

.
, ,

l en gthy muscul ar a n d slightly arch e d with d ewlap d ev elop ed an d

, , , ,

t h e should ers b road an d slopi n g well up at t h e with ers Gen era l

D es cri pt i on of B od y—T h e ch est should b e wid e an d d eep a n d t h e back
.
,

l eve l as f ar as t h e hau n ch es slightly arch ed ov er t h e loi n s t h e ribs

,

should b e well rou n d ed a n d carri e d well back t h e loi n wid e a n d v ery

muscular T ail—T h e t ail should b e s et on rath er hi gh lo n g an d in t h e
.
, ,

lo n g coat ed vari ety bushy ; carri ed low wh en in repos e an d wh en

L egs—T h e
-
,

e xcit e d or in motio n slightly abov e t h e li n e of t h e back .

fo re l egs should b e p erfectly straight stro n g in bo n e an d of good l en gth ;

-
, ,

an d t h e hi n d l e gs v ery muscular Th e f eet la rge compact with well

arch e d to es S ize—A dog should b e at l east 3 0 i n ch es in h eight at t h e
-
.
, ,

should er an d a bitch 27 i n ch e s ( t h e tall er t h e b ett er p rovid ed t h e

, ,

symm etry is mai n tai n ed ) tho roughly well p ro p o rtio n e d an d of great ,

 T H E ST . B E RNARD 37

substan c e T h e g en eral outli n e should suggest great po wer an d

capability of en du ra n ce Coat—I n t h e lo n g coat ed vari ety t h e coat
.

-
.

should be d en s e an d fl at ; r ath er full er rou n d t h e n eck ; t h e thighs

fe ath ered but n ot too h e avily I n t h e sho rt coat e d va ri ety t h e coat
.
-
,

should b e d en s e hard fl at a n d sho rt slightly feath ere d on thighs an d

tail Colour a n d M a rk i n gs —Th e colou r should b e red o ran ge va rious
, , , ,

.
, ,

shad es of b ri n dl e ( t h e rich er colou r t h e b ett er) or whit e with patch es ,

on body of on e of t h e abov e n am e d colou rs T h e marki n gs should b e .

a s follo ws whit e muzzl e whit e blaz e up fac e whit e collar rou n d n eck
, ,

whit e ch est fo rel e gs f ee t a n d en d of tai l

, , ,black shadin gs on fac e an d
e a rs . I f th e blaz e b e wid e an d ru n s th rough to t h e collar a spot of t h e ,

body colou r on t h e top of t h e h ead is d esirabl e .

T h e weight of a dog should b e from 1 7 0 tbs to 21 0 lbs of a bitch .

1 6 0 lbs to 1 9 0 lbs
. .

D uri n g past t wen ty fiv e years St B ern ards hav e b een

the -
.

b red in this cou n try v ery much tall er a nd h eavi er than th ey

were in t h e days of T ell Hop e Moltk e Mo n k Hecto r and , , , , ,

O thman Not on e of th es e m easu red ov er 3 2 i n ch es in h eight

.
,

o r scal ed ov er 1 8 0 lbs but t he i n creas ed h eight a n d great er

,

w eigh t of th e mor e mod ern production h av e b een obtain ed

by forci n g th em as puppi es a n d by fatt eni n g th em to such
a n ext en t that th ey hav e b een i n j ure d in co n stitutio n an d ,

in ma n y ca s es co n v ert ed i n to crippl es b ehi n d Th e priz e .

wi n n i n g rough coat ed St B ern ard as h e is s een to day is

-
.
,
-

a purely man ufactured an imal h an dsom e in app ear an c e ,

c ertai n ly but so cumb ersom e that h e is scarc ely abl e to

,

rais e a t rot let alo n e do a n y t racki n g in th e s n ow

,
U s efuln ess .
,

how ev er is n ot a co n sid eratio n wit h b reed ers wh o h av e

, ,

r ea red t h e dog to m eet t h e exig en ci es of t h e show ri n g Th ere .

is still much l eft to be d esi red a n d th ere is room for con ,

s id era ble imp rov em en t as o n ly a few of t he mo re mod ern

,

d ogs of t h e b reed app roach t h e standard drawn up by t h e

C lubs that a re i n t er est ed in th eir w elfar e .
 C HA P TE R V
T HE NE W FO UND L A ND

THE dogs which tak e th eir n am e from the island of New

foun dlan d app eal to all lov ers of a n imals roma n c e a n d , ,

b eauty A Newfoun dlan d form ed t he subj ect of perhaps

.

th e most popula r pictu re pai n t ed by Sir E dwin L a n ds eer a

mo n um en t was erect ed by Byro n over th e grav e of his New
foun d la n d in p roximity to t h e plac e wh er e t h e po et hi ms elf
hop ed to be buri ed at Newst ead A bb ey a n d t he i n scription
, ,

on his mo n um en t co n tains t he li n es so frequ en tly quot ed :

B ut t he p o or d o g in li fe t h e firmes t frien d ,
T he fi rs t t o w elco me , fore m os t t o d e fe n d ,
W h o s e h on es t h ea rt is s t il l h is ma s ter s o wn , ’

W ho l a bo urs , fi g hts , li ves , b rea th es for him a l on e .

T o ma rk a fri en d ma i n s th ese s to n es is e :
’
s re ar
I n ev er k n ew b ut on e, a n d here h e l i es .

Rob ert Burn s also in his po em Th e Twa D ogs writt en

, , , ,

in 1 78 6 refers to a Newfou n dlan d as b ei n g an aristocrat

,

amo n g dogs D oubtl ess oth er b reeds of dogs hav e b een

.
,

t h e subj ects of popula r pictur es a n d hav e had th eir prai s es

sun g by po ets but t he Newfoun d lan d s hav e y et a furth er
,

ho n our un iqu e amo n gst dogs in b ei n g t he subj ect for a

, ,

postage stamp of th ei r n ativ e lan d A ll th es e di sti n ction s .

a n d ho n ou rs hav e n ot b een co n f err ed without reas on for ,

n o br eed of dogs has great er claim to t h e titl e of fri en d of

man an d it has b ecom e famous for its k n own readin ess and
,

ability to sav e p erson s in dan g er esp ecially from drowni n g

, .

It is stron g an d courag eous in t he wat er an d on lan d a prop erly ,

t rai n ed Newfoun dlan d is an id eal compan ion a n d guard .

 THE NEW F OUNDLAN D 39

I n n um erabl e a re the accou n ts of Newfoun dlands havi n g

prov ed th eir d evotio n to th eir own ers a n d of t he many lives ,

saved by th em in riv er a n d s ea an d wh en Sir E dwin L an ds eer

s elect ed on e of t h e b reed as t he subj ect of his picture en titl ed ,

”
A D isti n guis h ed M emb er of th e Human e Soci ety h e was ,

j ustifi ed n ot o n ly by t he s en tim en t attachin g to this re

markabl e race of dogs but also by t he d eeds by whi ch New
,

foun dla n d s hav e mad e good th ei r claim to such great di s t in c

tio n an d t he popular recogn itio n of this n o doubt in som e
, , ,

d egree add ed to t h e gr eat est eem in whi ch this pai n tin g has
always b een h eld .

Th e pictu re wa s p ai n t ed in 1 8 3 8 a n d as almost ev eryo n e , ,

kno ws repres en ts a whit e and black Newfoun dlan d The

, .

dog po rtrayed was typical of th e b reed and aft er a laps e ,

of ov er s ev enty years t he pai n tin g has n ow th e add ed valu e

,

of en ab li n g us to mak e a compariso n with sp ecim en s of th e

bre ed as it exists to day Such a compariso n will sh ow that
-
.

amo n g t h e b est dogs n ow livi n g are som e which might hav e

b een th e mod el for thi s picture It is tru e that in the i n t erval
.

t h e whit e an d black Newfoundla n ds hav e b een coars er ,

h eavi er high er on th e l egs with a n expressio n d en oti n g

, ,

excitability quit e for eign to t h e t ru e b reed but th es e d e ,

partures from Newfoun dlan d charact er are passin g away

-
it is to be hop ed for good Th e b reed is rapi dly return i n g
to t h e typ e whi ch L an ds eer s picture rep res en ts—a dog of
.

great b eauty dign ity and b en evol en c e of charact er showi n g

, , ,

in its ey es an almost huma n pathos .

Som e twen ty fiv e to thi rty y ears ago th ere was co n sid erable
-

discussio n amo n g own ers of Newfoun dlan ds in this coun try

as to the prop er colour of the t ru e breed a n d th ere were ,

man y p erso n s who clai m ed as som e still claim that t he black

, ,

vari ety is th e o n ly t ru e vari ety a n d that t he whit e an d black,

colouri n g i n di cat es a cross b reed Agai n L an ds eer s pictur e

-
.
’

is of valu e b ecaus e in t h e first place we may be almost

, , ,

certai n th at h e would have s el ect ed for such a picture a

typical dog of t h e b reed a n d s eco n dly b ecaus e the pictur e
, , ,
4 0 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T THEM

shows n early half a c entury prior to the d iscussion a whit e

, ,

an d b lack dog typical in n e arly ev ery r esp ect exc ept colour
, , ,

of t he black Newfoun dland Th ere is no app earan c e of .

cross b reedin g in L ands eer s dog on t h e contrary h e rev eals

-
’

all t he charact eristics of a thoroughbred S ev en ty y ea rs .

ago th erefore the whit e an d black vari ety may be fai rly
, ,

consid ered to hav e b een establish ed and it is worthy of ,

m en tio n h ere that Idston e quot ed a n articl e writt en in

1 8 1 9 stati n g that back in th e eight een th c en tury Newfound

lands w ere large rough coat ed liver a n d whit e dogs It is

,
-
, .

cl ear also that in 1 83 2 Newfoun dlands in British North

, ,

Am erica were of various colou rs A dditio n al evid en c e .

,

too is provid ed in the fact that wh en s el ecti n g the type of

, ,

h ead for th eir postag e stamp the G overnm ent of Newfoun dland
chos e the Lands eer dog Th erefo re th ere are v ery stro n g
.
,

argum en ts against the claim that the tru e vari ety is ess en tially
black .

Ho w ev er that may be th ere a re now two establi sh ed ,

vari eti es th e black a n d t he whit e and black Th ere a re also .

bron z e coloured dogs but th ey are rare and are not favoured
-
, .

It is stat ed howev er that puppi es of that colour are g en erally

, ,

t he most promisi n g in all oth er resp ects .

Th e black vari ety of t h e Newfou n dla n d is ess en tially black

in colour but thi s do es n ot m ean that th ere may be n o oth er
colour for most black Newfoun dlan ds hav e som e whit e marks
, ,

and th es e are n ot co n sid ered obj ectionabl e so lo n g as th ey ,

a re limit ed to whi t e hai rs on t he ch est to es or t h e tip of t h e , ,

tail I n fact a whit e marki n g on t he ch est is said to be

.
,

t yp ical of the tru e b reed An y whit e on the h ead or body .

would plac e th e dog in t he oth er than black vari ety The .

black colour should preferably be of a dull j et app ea ranc e

which approximat es to b rown In t he oth er than black .

class th ere may be black an d tan bro n z e and whit e a n d

, , ,

black The latt er pr edo mi n at es an d in this colour b eauty

.
, ,

of marki n g is very impo rtant Th e h ead should be black .

with a whi t e muzzl e a n d blaz e an d t he body a n d l egs Should ,

 T H E N EW F OUN DLAND 4 1

be whit e with l ar g e patch es of black on t he saddl e an d quart ers ,

with possibly oth er small black spots on th e body a n d l egs .

Apart from colou r t he vari eti es should co n form to t h e ,

sam e standard Th e h ead should be b road a n d massiv e

.
,

but in n o s en s e h eavy in app earan c e The muzzl e s h ould .

be sho rt square a n d cl ean cut ey es rath er wid e apa rt d eep

, , , ,

s et dark a n d small n ot s h o wi n g a n y haw

, , ears small with ,

clos e sid e carriage cov ered with fin e S ho rt hair ( th ere should

,

be n o fri n g e to t h e ea rs ) exp ressio n full of i n t elligen c e di gn ity

, , ,

a n d ki n dn ess .

Th e body should be lo n g square a n d mass i v e loi n s st ro n g , , ,

and well fill ed ; ch est d eep a n d broad ; l egs quit e straight ,

som ewhat sho rt in propo rtion to t h e l en gth of t h e body an d ,

powerful with rou n d bo n e w ell cov ered with muscl e feet larg e
, ,

rou n d a n d clos e
,
Th e t ai l should be o n ly lo n g en ough to
.

reach j ust b elow t he hocks free from ki n k a n d n ev er cu rl ed , ,

over th e back The quality of t h e coat i s very impo rtan t

.

t he coat should be v ery d en s e with pl en ty of u n d ercoat ; ,

t h e out er coat som ewhat harsh an d quit e st raigh t A curly .

coat is v ery obj ectio n abl e A dog with a good coat may be .

in t h e wat er for a co n sid erabl e tim e without g etti n g wet on

t he S ki n .

Th e app earan c e g en era lly should i n dicat e a dog of great

stren gth a n d v ery activ e for his build a n d S iz e movin g freely
, ,

with t he body swun g loos ely b etween t he l egs whi ch gives ,

a S light roll in gai t Thi s h a s b een compared to a sailo r s

.
’

roll a n d is typical of t h e b reed

,
.

A s regards S iz e t h e Newfou n dlan d Club stan dard giv es

,

1 40 lbs to 1 2 0 lbs w eight for a dog a n d 1 1 0 lbs to 1 2 0 lbs

. .
, . .

for a bitch with an av erag e h eig h t at th e should er of 2 7 i n ch es

,

a n d 2 5 i n ch es r esp ec tiv ely but it is doubtful wh eth er dogs

in p rop er co n di tion do co n fo rm to both requir em en ts At .

a n y rat e t h e wri t er is u n abl e to trac e a n y p romi n en t N ew

,

foun d lan d s which do a n d it would be safe to assum e that for ,

dogs of t he weights S p ecified t he h eight should be quit e ,

2 9 i n ch es for dogs a n d 2 7 i n ch es f or bitch es

, A dog w eighi n g .
42 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

1 50 lbs a n d m easuri n g 2 9 i n ch es in h eight at the should er

.

would n ec essarily be lo n g in body to be in p ropo rtio n a n d ,

would p robably much n earer approach the id eal form of a

Newfou n dlan d than a tall er dog .

I n that resp ect Newfou n dlan ds hav e v ery much improv ed

duri n g t h e past quart er of a c en tu ry Twenty fiv e years ago .
-
,

t h e most n ot ed dogs were stat ed as a rul e to be w ell over

3 0 i n ch es in h eight but t h e i r w eight for h

,
eight would i n di cat e

l eggi n ess which is an abomin ation in a Newfou n dlan d A

, .

2 9 i n ch N ewfou n dlan d is quit e tall en ough a n d ev en that h eight

-
,

should n ot be gain ed at th e exp en s e of typ e and symm etry .

Th e whit e a n d black vari ety are as a rul e s li ghtly tall er , , ,

smaller in loi n a n d lo n g er in h ead but th es e di fferenc es in th e ,

two vari eti es are b ei n g rapidly removed a n d at no distan t ,

dat e t h e whit e a n d black vari ety will probably be as correct

in typ e a n d symm etry as th e black vari ety n ow is .

For v ery man y years t h e black vari ety has b een t h e b ett er in
typ e ; and in b reedi n g if blacks are d esi red it will be safer
, ,

as a g en eral rul e to i n sist upo n t he abs en c e of whit e an d black

blood in an y of t he imm edi at e anc esto rs of t he sir e a n d dam .

But if on t he co n t rary whit e a n d black dogs a re requi red

, , ,

t he p rop er cours e is to mak e j udicious c ross es b etw een t h e

black an d whit e and black vari eti es a n d d estroy a n y black
, ,

puppi es u n l ess th ey a re requi red for furth er cross es with

,

whit e a n d black blood I n any cas e th e first cross is li k ely

.

—
to produc e both black a n d mis mark ed whit e an d black
puppi es but t he latt er if b red back to t he whit e and black ,

blood would g en erally produc e well mark ed white an d black

,
-

Newf oun dlands .

I n mati n g n ev er be guid ed sol ely by t h e good points of t he

,

dog a n d bitch It is v ery d esirable that th ey should both

.

hav e good poi n ts th e mo re good o n es th e b ett er but it is

, ,

more importan t to en sure that th ey a re dissimilar in th eir

d efects and if possibl e that in n eith er c as e is th ere a very
, , ,

obj ection abl e d efect esp ecially if such d efect was also apparen t
,

in t he animal s si re or d am
’
.
 THE NEW F OU NDLAN D 43

It is t h erefore important to study what were the good

, , ,

and still mo re so t h e bad poi n ts in th e par en ts and gran d

,

paren ts I f you do n ot kn ow th es e oth er Newfou n dland

.
,

b reed ers will willi n gly giv e i n fo rmatio n an d an y t roubl e ,

involved in traci n g t he k n owl edge required will be arn ply

repaid in t he results and probably sav e great disappointm en t
, .

Wh en reari n g puppi es giv e th em soft food such as well ,

boiled rice an d milk as soo n as th ey will lap and sho rtly

, , ,

aft erwards scrap ed l ean m eat Newfou n dlan d puppi es

, .

requi re pl en ty of m eat to i n duc e prop er growth The puppi es .

should i n creas e in w eight at th e rat e of 3 Tbs a week an d t hi s .

,

n ec essitat es pl en ty of fl es h bo n e an d muscl e—formin g food

, ,

pl en ty of m eat both raw a n d cook ed Milk is also good

, .
,

but it requi res to be stren gth en ed with Plasmo n or cas ei n , .

The s ecret of growi n g full siz ed dogs with pl en ty of bo n e an d

-

substance is to get a good start from bi rth good feedi n g , ,

warm d ry quart ers and freedom for t he puppi es to move

, ,

about a n d ex ercis e th ems elves as th ey wish Fo rced ex ercis e .

may mak e th em go wro n g on th ei r legs M edici n e sho uld n ot .

be required exc ept for worms and t he puppi es sho uld be

‘

physick ed for th es e soon aft er th ey are w ean ed a n d agai n ,

wh en three or four months old or b efo re that if th ey are not ,

thri vi n g If free from worms Newfoundlan d puppi es Wlll

.
,

be fou n d quit e hardy a n d un d er prop er co n ditio n s of food

, ,

an d quart ers th ey a re easy to rear

, .
 C HA PTE R VI
T HE GR E A T D A NE

T HE o rigi n of the G reat D an e lik e that of man y oth er vari e,

ti es of dogs is so obscure that all res earch es hav e o n ly result ed

,

in sp eculativ e th eori es but t h e un doubt ed a n tiqui ty of thi s

,

d og is p rov ed by t he fact that r epr es en tativ es of a breed

s u ffi ci en tly similar to be co n sid er ed hi s an c esto rs a re found

on som e of t h e old est E gyptian mo n um en ts .

A few years ago a co n t rov ersy aros e on t he breed s proper ’

d esign atio n wh en t he G erman s claim ed for it t he titl e

,

D eutsch e D ogge G erman y had s ev eral vari eti es of big

.

d ogs such as t h e Ha t zrii d e S aufan ger Ulm er D ogg e and

, , , ,

R ottweil er Met zgerhun d ; but co n t empo ran eously with

th es e th ere exist ed as in oth er cou n t ri es in E urop e an oth er
, ,

v ery big b reed but much n obl er and mo re tho roughbred

, ,

k n own as t he G reat D an e Wh en aft er t h e war of 1 870 .

n atio n al f eeli n g was p ulsati n g v ery st ro n gly in t h e v ei n s of re

u n it ed G ermany t he G erman cyn ologis t s w ere on t he look

,

out for a n atio n al dog a n d for that purpos e t he G reat D a n e

,

”
was re ch rist en ed
-
D eutsch e D ogg e a n d el ect ed as t he ,

c h ampio n of G erma n D ogdom For a lo n g tim e all th es e .

b reeds had n o doubt b een i n di scrimin at ely cross ed

, , .

Th e G r eat D an e was i n t roduc ed i n to this coun t ry spas

modically som e thi rty fiv e y ea rs ago wh en he was commo n ly
-
,

r e f erred to as t h e Boarhou n d or t h e G erma n Mastiff a n d for

, ,

a tim e t h e breed had to u n d ergo a p robatio n ary p eriod in t he

Fo reign Class at dog s h ows but it soo n gaine d in public ,

favour an d in t h e early eighti es a G reat D an e Club was

,
’

form ed an d t he b reed has sinc e b ecom e on e of t h e most

,

popular of th e larger dogs .

 THE GREAT DANE 45

Th e K en n el Club has classed t he G reat D an e amo n gst t he

Non Sporti n g dogs p robably b ecaus e with us h e can not
-
,

fin d a quarry wo rt h y of h is m ettl e but for all that he has , ,

th e i n sti n cts and quali fi catio n s of a spo rti n g dog and h e has ,

prov ed hims elf particularly valuabl e for hunting big gam e in

hot climat es which h e stan ds v ery well
, .

R esp ecti n g t h e t emp eram en t of t h e Great D an e a n d his

suitability as a compan io n writ ers hav e go n e to extrem es in
prais e an d co n d em n atio n I n his favour it must be said that
.

in n atural i n t ellig en c e h e is su rpass ed by v ery f ew oth er

dogs H e has a most imposi n g figure and do es n ot lik e som e
.
, ,

oth er big b reeds slobb er from his mou t h which is a parti

, ,

cula rly u n pl easan t p eculiarity wh en a dog is k ept in t h e

hous e On t he oth er han d it must be a d mitt ed that with al

.
,

most t he str en gth of a tig er he combi n es t he excitability of a

t erri er a n d n o doubt a badly train ed G reat D an e is a v ery
,

dan g erous a n imal It is not suffi ci en t to t ea ch him in th e

.

haphazard way which might be succ essful in g etti n g a small

dog und er co n trol but ev en as a compan ion h e ought to be
,

trai n ed syst ematically a n d co n sid erin g his m ark ed in t elli

, ,

gen c e th is is n ot di ffi cult of accomplishm ent

, .

The G reat D an e att ai n s his full d ev elopm ent in about a

y ear a n d a half to two y ears an d co n sid eri n g that puppi es , ,

hav e to build up in that tim e a v ery big sk el eto n an d st rai ght

limbs sp ecial att en tio n must be giv en to th e reari n g of th em
, .

Th e d am wh elps frequ en tly eig h t puppi es a n d som etim es ,

e v en a few mo re Mr Lark e s Pri n cess Thor had a litt er of

. .
’

s event een but even eight is too gr eat a n umb er for a bitch
,

to suckl e in a b reed wh ere gr eat siz e is a d esid eratum Not .

more than four or at t he outsid e fiv e should be l eft with t he

, ,

bitch ; t h e oth ers should be put to a fost er moth er or if th ey ,

are w eakli n gs or foul mark e d it is b est to d estroy th em

-
, .

A ft er t h e puppi es are wean ed th eir food should be of bon e ,

maki n g quality a n d th ey requi re ampl e spac e for ex ercis e

,

and play Nothi n g is wo rs e than to tak e t he youn gst ers for

.

forc ed march es b efo re th ei r bo n es hav e b ecom e flrrn .

46 D OG S A N D ALL A B OU T THE M
B efo re givi n g t he d escriptio n a n d stan dard which hav e b een
adopt ed by t h e Great D an e Clubs a few remarks on som e of ,

t he l eadi n g poi n ts will be us eful Th e g en eral cha ract eristic

.

of t he G reat D an e is a combi n atio n of grac e a n d power an d ,

th erefore t h e light n ess of t he G reyhoun d as well as t he beavi ,

n ess of t h e Masti ff must be avoid ed, .

Th e h ead should be powerful but at t he sam e tim e S how ,

quality by its n ic e mod elli n g .

The eyes should be i n t ellig en t an d vivacious but n ot hav e ,

t h e ha rd exp ressio n of t h e t erri er The distanc e b etween .

t h e ey es is of great impo rta n c e if too wid e apart th ey give

t h e dog a stupid app ea ra n c e a n d if too clos e h e has a t reach er
,

ous look .

A n oth er v ery impo rtan t poi n t is t he grac eful carriag e of

t h e tail Wh en it is cu rl ed ov er t he back it mak es a n oth er
.

wis e han dsom e dog look m ean a n d a tail that cu rls at t he,

en d lik e a co rksc rew is also v ery ugly I n fo rm er tim es .

faki n g wa s n ot i n frequ en tly resort ed to to co rrect a faulty

t ai l carriag e but it is easily d et ect ed G reat D an es som etim es
, .

i n ju re t he en d of t h e t ai l by hitti n g it agai n st a hard subst an c e ,

a n d th os e with a good ca rriag e of tail a re most liabl e to this

b ecaus e in excit em en t th ey slash it about wh ereas t h e faulty ,

positio n of t he tail curl ed ov er t h e back insur es immun ity

, ,

from harm .

Un til rec en tly B ritish Great D an e b reed ers and exhi bito rs
hav e p ai d very littl e att en tion to colou r on t he pri n cipl e that , ,

li k e a good ho rs e a good G reat D an e ca n not be a bad colou r

, .

The E n glish clubs how ev er hav e n ow in this particular also

, ,

adopt ed t he G erman stan dard Th e o rthodox colou rs are .

bri n dl e fawn blu e black an d harl equi n I n t he brindl e

, , , , .

dogs t he grou n d colou r should be an y S had e from li ght y ellow

to dark red yellow on which t he b ri n dle app ears in dark er
-

stri p es The harl equi n s hav e on a pure whit e ground fai rly
.

larg e black patch es which must be of i rregular s h ap e b rok en

, ,

up as if th ey had b een torn a n d n ot hav e rou n d ed outli n es

, .

Wh en bri n dle G reat D a n es are co n ti n uously b red tog eth er ,

 THE G REAT DANE 47

it has b een fou n d that th ey get dark er a n d that t he p eculiar ,

stripi n g disapp ears an d in that cas e t h e i n t roductio n of a

,

good fawn into th e st rai n is ad v isabl e The co n stan t mati n g .

of harl equi n s has th e t en d en cy to mak e t h e black pa t c h es

disapp ear a n d t h e u n io n with a good black G reat D an e will
,

prev en t t h e loss of colo u r .

Th e follo wi n g is t h e offi cial d escriptio n issu ed by t h e

G reat D an e Club :
Gen er al A ppeara n c e —T h e Great D an e is n ot so h eavy or massive
a s t he M astiff n or should h e too n early app roach t h e Greyhou n d typ e
,
.

Re ma kabl e in s iz e a n d v ery muscular stro n gly though el e gan tly built

r ,

the e h ad a n d n e ck should b e carri e d high an d t h e tail in li n e with t h e ,

back or slightly up wards but n ot cu rl e d ov er t h e hi n d quart ers

, ,
-
.

E l e gan c e of out li n e an d grac e of fo rm a r e most ess en ti al to a D an e ;

siz e is absolut ely n ec essar y ; but th ere must b e that al ertn ess of ex
p ressio n a n d b risk n ess of mov em en t without which t h e D an e charact er
is lost H e should hav e a look of dash a n d dari n g of b ei n g re ady to
go an ywh ere an d do an ythi n g T empera men F —
.
,

T h e Great D a n e is
.

good t emp ere d a ffe ctio n at e a n d faithful to his mast er n ot d emo n

-
, , ,

s t r a t iv e with st ra n g ers i n t elligen t cou rag eous a n d always al ert , ,

.

H is v alu e as a gua r d is u n rivall e d H e is e asily co n t roll e d wh en well .

t rai n e d but h e may gro w savage if co n fi n e d too much k ept on chai n

H eigh F —
, , ,

or ill t re at e d T h e mi n imum h eight of a n adult dog should

that of a bitch 28 in s W ei gh t —T h e mi n imum weight of
.

b e 3 0 in s .
, .

a n adult dog should b e 1 20 lbs that of a bitch 1 0 0 lbs T h e great er

.
, .

h eight a n d weight to b e p referred p rovid e d that quality an d p ropo rtio n

H e ad —T ak en altog eth er t h e h ead should giv e
,

are also combi n e d .

,

t h e id e a of gre at l en gth a n d stren gth of j a w T h e muzzl e or fo reface .

, ,

is b road an d t h e skull p ropo rtio n at ely n arro w so that t h e whol e h ead

, , ,

wh en vi ewed from abov e a n d in fro n t has t h e app ea r an ce of e qu al

b re adth th roughout L en gth of H ead —T h e en ti re l en gth of h ead vari e s
,

with t h e h eight of t h e dog 1 3 in s from t h e tip of t h e n os e to t h e back

, .

of t h e occiput is a good m easu rem en t f or a dog of 3 2 in s at t h e should er . .

T h e l en gth from t h e en d of t h e n os e to t h e poi n t b etwe en t h e ey es should

b e about e qual or p refer ably of gre at er l en gth than from this poi n t
to t h e back of t h e occiput S k ull—T h e skull should b e fl at rath er than
,

dom e d a n d hav e a slight i n d en tatio n ru n n in g up t h e c en tre t h e

, ,

occipit al p eak n ot p romi n en t T h ere should b e a d e cid e d ris e or b ro w

ov er t h e ey es but n o ab rupt stop b etween th em F ac e —T h e face
.

, .

should b e chis e ll e d well a n d fo refac e lo n g of e qual d epth throughout , ,

a n d well fill e d in b elo w t h e e y e s with n o app ea r an c e of b ei n g pi n ch e d

Mus cl es of th e Ch eek —
.

Th e muscl es of t h e ch eeks should b e quit e fl at ,

with n o lumpi n e ss or ch eek bumps t h e a n gl e of t h e j aw bo n e well

d efi n e d L ip s—T h e lips should han g quit e squa re in fro n t fo rmi n g a
-
,

U n d erlin e—T h e u n d erli n e

.
,

right an gl e with t h e upp er li n e of fo re fac e .

of t h e h ead vi ewed in p rofil e ru n s almost in a straight lin e from t h e

, ,

co rn er of t h e lip to t h e co rn er of t h e j awbo n e allowin g f or t h e fold of t h e ,

4 8 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
lip , but with n o loos e skin to han g do wn Ja w—T h e lo wer j aw should .

be about l ev el or at an y rat e n ot p roj ect mo re than t h e sixt ee n th of an

,

i n ch Nos e an d Nos trils T h e b ridge of t h e n os e sho uld b e v ery wid e

.
-
,

with a slight ridg e wh ere t h e cart ila ge j oi n s t h e bo n e ( T his is quit e .

a charact eristic of t h e b reed ) T h e n ostrils should b e lar ge wid e .

, ,

an d op en givi n g a blu n t look to t h e n os e A butt erfl y or fl es h colou re d

E ars —
-
.
,

n os e is n ot obj ect e d to in harl e qui n s T h e e ars should b e small .

,

s et high on t h e skull a n d carr i e d slightly ere ct with t h e tips f alli n g

fo rward Nec k —N ext to t h e h e ad t h e n e ck is on e of t h e chi ef char
, ,

.
,

a ct eris t i cs I t should b e lo n g well a rch e d an d quit e cl ean an d free

.
, ,

f rom loos e ski n h eld well up s n ak elik e in carriag e well s et in t h e

, , ,

should ers an d t h e j u n ctio n of h ead an d n eck well d efi n ed S h oul d ers

, .

-
T h e should ers should b e muscular but n ot load ed an d well S lop e d ,

back with t h e elbo ws well u n d er t h e body so that wh en vi ewe d in

fro n t t h e dog do es n ot stan d too wid e F ore-legs a n d F eet—T h e fo re
, , ,

.
,

l egs should b e p erfe ctly straight with big fl at bo n e T h e feet large , .

a n d rou n d t h e to e s well a rch e d a n d clos e t h e n ails stro n g a n d cu rv e d

B od y—T h e body is v ery d e ep with ribs well sp ru n g a n d b elly well
.
, ,

d rawn up B a ck an d L oi n s—T h e back an d loi n s are stro n g t h e latt er

,

slightly arch e d as in t h e Greyhoun d H in d -% u a rt ers —T h e hin d q uar

.
,
-
.
,

t ers an d thighs are extrem ely muscular givin g t h e id ea of great stren gth ,

an d gallopi n g po wer T h e s e co n d thigh is lo n g an d well d e velop e d

.

as in a Greyhou n d an d t h e h ook s s et low tu rn in g n eith er out n or in

T a il—T h e tail 15 stro n g at t h e root a n d en ds in a fi n e p oin t re achi n g to
.
, ,

or j ust b elo w t h e h ook s I t should b e carri ed wh en t h e dog is in

.
,

actio n in a straight l in e l ev el with t h e back slightly cu rv e d to ward s

Coat —
, ,

t h e en d but should n ot cu rl ov er t h e back

, T h e hai r is sho rt .

an d d en s e an d sl e ek looki n g an d in n o c as e should it in cli n e to coa rs e

-

Gai t or A ct io n —T h e gai t should b e lith e sp rin gy an d free

, ,

n ess .
, , ,

t h e actio n high T h e h ook s should mov e v ery freely an d t h e h ead

should b e h eld well up Colour —
.
,

T h e colou rs are b rin dle fawn blu e

.
u
, , ,

black a n d harl e quin T h e harl equin should hav e j et black p atch es

, .

an d spots on a pu re whit e g rou n d ; gr ey patch es are admissibl e but

n ot d e sire d but fawn or b ri n dl e shad es a re obj ectio n abl e .
 C HA P TE R VII
T HE D A L M AT IA N

B E F OR E the K en n el Club found it n ec es sary to i n sist upon a

precis e d efini tio n of each b reed t he D alm atian was kn o wn as
,

t h e Coach D og a n am e app rop riat ely d eriv ed from his fo n d

,

n ess for follo wi n g a carriag e for livi n g in a n d about t h e

,

stabl e an d for accompan yi n g hi s mast er s ho rs es at ex ercis e

,
’
.

A s an adj unct to t h e carriag e h e is p eculiarly suitabl e for in ,

fin e w eath er h e will follow b etw een t h e wh eels for lo n g dis

tan c es without showi n g fatigu e k eepi n g easy pac e with t he
,

b est ho rs es He app ears alm ost to prefer equi n e to human

.

compan io n shi p a n d h e is as fo n d of b ei n g amon g ho rs es as

,

t h e Colli e is of b ei n g in th e mi dst of sh eep Yet h e is of .

fri en dly di spositio n an d it must be i n sist ed that he is by

,

n o m ea n s so d estitut e of i n t el
li g en c e as h e is oft en rep res en t ed
to be On t he co n t rary h e is capabl e of b ei n g t rai n ed i n to
.
,

r emarkabl e cl ev ern ess as ci rcus p ropri eto rs hav e discovered

, .

Th e earli est autho riti es agree t hat this b reed was first
introduc ed from D almatia an d that he was b rought i n to this
,

country purely on accou n t of his S porti n g p rocliviti es O f lat e .

years howev er th es e dogs hav e so f ar d egen erat ed as to be

, ,

look ed upo n simply as compani o n s or as exhi bition dogs , ,

for o n ly v ery occasio n ally ca n it be foun d th at any pains

have b een tak en to t rain th em syst ematically for gun wo rk -
.

Th e first of t h e vari ety which app eared in th e sho w ri n g

was Mr J am es F awdry s Capt ai n in 1 873 A t th at p eriod
.
’

, .

th ey w ere look ed upo n as a n ov elty an d though the g en erosity

, ,

a n d in fl u enc e of a f ew admi rers en sure d s eparat e cl ass es b ei n g

provid ed for t h e b reed at t h e l ea di n g S hows it did n ot n oc ess i ,

tat e t h e p roduction of such p erfect sp ecim en s as tho se which

E 49
5 0 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
a few y ears aft erwards won priz es A t t he first th ey were .

mo re popular in t he No rth of E n glan d than in a n y ot h er part

of Great B ritai n It was at Ki rkby L o n sdal e that Dr J am es s
. .
’

Spott ed D ick was b red an d an early exploit er of t he b reed who

,

mad e his dogs famous was Mr Newby Wilso n of L ak eside .

, ,

Winderm ere H e was i n d ebt ed to Mr Hugo Droes s e of

. .
,

L o n do n for t he fou n datio n of his stud i n asmuch as it was

, ,

from Mr Droess e that he purchas ed Ch A crobat a n d Ch

. . .

B eroli n a A t a lat er dat e t h e fam ed Comi n g Still a n d Pri n c e

.

IV were s ecured from t he sam e k en n el t he latt er dog b ei n g

.
,

—
t h e prog en itor of most of t h e b est liv er spott ed sp ecim ens t hat
have attain ed n oto ri ety as p riz e wi n n ers down to t he pres en t -

day .

I n app ea ranc e t h e D almatian should be v ery similar to a

Poi n t er exc ept in h ead a n d marki n g Still though n ot so .
,

lo n g in muzzl e n or so p en dulous in lip as a Poi n t er th ere ,

should be n o coars en ess or commo n look about t he skull a ,

fault which is much too p reval en t Th en agai n som e j udg es .

, ,

do n ot attach suffici en t impo rtan c e to t h e ey elids or rath er ,

s ears which should i n variably be edg ed roun d with black

,

or b rown Thos e which a re fl es h colou re d in this particular

.
-

S hould be disca rd ed how ev er good th ey may be in oth er re

,

s p ect s Th e d en sity an d pu ren ess of colour in both blacks

.
,

a n d b rown s is of great impo rtan c e but should n ot be per

, ,

mitt ed to outweigh t h e ev en n ess of t h e dist ributio n of spots

on t h e body n o black patch es or ev en mi n gli n g of t he S pots , ,

should m eet with favou r a n y more t h an a ri n g tail or a clumsy

,
-

—
looki n g h eavy should ered dog S hould comman d att en tio n
,
.

Th e dark er spott ed vari ety usually p revails in a cross

-

b etw een t he two colou rs t h e Offsp ri n g v ery s eldom havi n g t he

,

liv er colou red marki n gs The u n i n itiat ed may be i n fo rm ed

-
.

that D almatian puppi es a re always bo rn pu re whit e The .

cl earer a n d whit er th ey are t he b ett er th ey a re lik ely to be .

Th ere should n ot be t h e shadow of a mark or spot on th em ,

Wh en about a fort n ight old howev er th ey g en erally d evelop , ,

a dark ridg e on t he b elly a n d th e spots will th en b egi n to

,
 THE DAL M AT I AN 5 1

s how th ems elves ; first about t he n eck an d ears a n d aft er ,

wards alo n g t h e back u n til at about t h e sixt een th day t he ,

marki n gs are disti n ct ov er t h e body excepti n g o n ly t he t ai l , ,

which frequ en tly remai n s wh it e for a few weeks lo n g er .

Th e standa rd of poi n ts as lai d down by t h e l eadi n g club is

su ffi ci en tly explicit to be easily u n d erstood a n d is as follo ws : ,

Gen eral A pp earan ce —T he D almatian should rep res en t a stro n g ,

muscular an d activ e dog symm e trical in outlin e an d free from coars e

, , ,

n ess an d lumb er capabl e of great en du ran c e combin e d with a fair

amou n t of sp ee d H ead —T h e h ead should b e of a fair l en gth t h e skull
,

fl at rath er b road b etween t h e e ar s an d mod erat ely well d efin e d at t h e

t empl es —i e exhibitin g a mod erat e amou n t of stop an d n ot in on e
, ,

. .

str aigh t li n e from t h e n os e to t h e occiput bo n e as re quire d in a B ull

t erri er I t should b e en tir ely free from wrin kl e Muzzl e—T h e muzzl e
. .

should b e lo n g a n d po werf ul t h e lips cl ean fitti n g t h e j aws mod erat ely

clos e Ey es —T h e ey es should b e s et mod erat ely well apart an d of
,

.
,

m edium siz e rou n d b right a n d spar klin g with an i n t elli gen t ex

, , , ,

p ressio n th eir colour greatly d ep en din g on t h e marki n gs of t h e dog

, .

I n t h e black spott e d vari ety t h e ey es should b e dark ( black or dark

b ro wn ) in th e liv er spott e d vari ety th ey should b e light ( y ellow or
,
-

light b ro wn ) T h e R im rou n d th e E y es in t h e black spott ed vari ety -

s hould b e black in t h e liv er spott e d vari ety b ro wn —n ev er fl es h colou r

.

- -

E a rs —T h e e ar s should b e s et on rath er high of mod erat e

,

in eith er .
,

siz e rath er wid e at t h e bas e a n d gr adually tap erin g to a rou n d poin t

, , .

T h ey should b e carri e d clos e to t h e h ead b e t hin an d fi n e in t extu re

an d al ways s p ott e d— N os e—T h e n os e
, ,

t h e mo re p ro fus ely t h e b ett er .

in t h e black spott e d vari e ty should al ways b e blac k in t h e liv er

-

spott e d v ari ety always b ro wn N eck an d S h o ul d ers —T h e n eck should

,

b ej f airly lo n g n i cely ar ch ed light an d tap eri n g an d en tir ely free from

, , ,

throati n ess Th e should ers should b e mod erat ely obliqu e cl ean an d
muscular d en oti n g sp eed B od y B a ck Ch est a n d L oi n s—T h e ch est
. , ,

, .
, , ,

s hould n ot b e too wid e but v ery d ee p an d capacious rib s mode rat ely , ,

well sp ru n g n ev er rou n d e d lik e b arrel hoo p s ( whi ch would in dicat e

,

wa n t of sp ee d) t h e back po werful loi n stro n g muscular an d slightly

L eg s a n d F eet —T h e l egs an d feet are of gr eat impo rtan c e
, , , ,

ar ch ed . .

T h e fo re l e gs should b e p erf e ctly st raight st ro n g a n d h eavy in bo n e

-
, ,

elbo ws clos e to t h e body ; fo re f eet rou n d compact with well ar ch e d -

,
-

to es ( cat foot ed) an d rou n d tough elastic pads I n t h e hin d l egs t h e

-
, , , .
-

muscl es should b e cl ean though well d efi n ed t h e h ook s well let -

Nails—T h e n ails in t h e black spott e d vari ety should b e black

,

d o wn -

T a il—Th e tail
.

an d whit e in t h e liv er spott e d var i ety b ro wn a n d whit e- .

should n ot b e too lo n g stro n g at t h e in s ertio n an d gradually tap erin g

, ,

to war ds t h e en d free from co ars en ess I t should n ot b e in s ert e d too

, .

low do wn but carri e d with a slight cu rv e up wards an d n ev er cu rl e d

I t should b e spott ed t h e mo re p rofus ely t h e b ett er Co a t—T h e coat
, , .

.
,

should b e sho rt har d d en s e an d fi n e sl eek an d glossy in app ear an ce

but n eith er woolly n or s ilky Colour a n d Markin gs—T h es e are most
, , , ,
.

imp o rtan t p oin ts T h e grou n d colou r in both vari eti es should b e

.
 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T H E M
pu re whit e v ery d ecid ed an d n ot in termix ed Th e colou r of t h e s p ots
, , .

of t h e black spott e d vari ety should b e black t h e d eep er a n d rich er

-
,

t h e black t h e b ett er in t h e liv er spott e d var i ety th ey should b e b ro wn

-
.

Th e spots should n ot in t ermin gl e but b e as r ou n d a n d well d efi n ed as

,
-

p ossibl e t h e mo re distin ct t h e b ett er in siz e th ey should b e from that

,

of a S ixp en c e to a no rin T h e spots on h ead fac e ears l e gs tail a n d

W ei gh t —D ogs
.
, , , , ,

e xt remiti es to b e small er tha n thos e on t h e body .

,
5 5 lbs. bitch es 5 0 lbs
, .
 C HA PTE R VIII
T HE C O LLI E

THE townsman who k n ows t he sh eph erd s dog o nly as he is to ’

be s een out of his tru e el em en t threadin g his co n fin ed way

, ,

through crowd ed streets wh ere sh eep are n ot can have small ,

a ppr eciation of hi s wisdom a n d his st erli n g worth To kn ow .

him p rop erly on e n eeds to s ee him at work I n a count ry wh er e

,

S h eep abound to watch him a d roitly rou n di n g up hi s scatt er ed

,

charg es on a wid e stretchi n g moo rlan d gath eri n g the wan d er

-
,

in g w eth ers i n to clos e o rd er a n d drivi n g th em b efo re him in

u n b rok en comp an y to t he fold han dli n g t he stubborn pack
in a narrow lan e or holdi n g th em in a corn er of a fi eld im
, ,

mobil e und er th e sp ell of his vigilant ey e He is at his b est as .

a wo rk er co n scious of t he r espo n sibility r epos ed in him

,

a marvel of g en eralship gen tl e j udicious slo w to an g er

—
, , , ,

q uick to actio n ; t h e p ric el ess h elpm ee t of his mast er t h e

most us eful m emb er of all t h e trib e of dogs .

F ew dogs poss ess t h e f ertil e resourc eful b rai n of t h e Colli e

, .

He can be t rai n ed to p erform t h e duti es of oth er b reeds .

He mak es a n exc ell en t spo rti n g dog a n d can be taught to do

,

t he wo rk of th e Poi n t er an d t he S ett er as w ell as that of th e ,

Wat er Span i el and t h e R etri ever He is cl ev er at h unti n g

.
,

havi n g a n excell en t n os e is a good v ermi n ki ller a n d a most

,
-
,

faithful watch guard a n d compan io n Maj o r R ich ardso n

, , .
,

who for som e years has b een succ essful in t rai ni n g dogs to
ambulan c e wo rk on t he fi eld of battl e has ca refully t est ed ,

t he abiliti es of various b reeds in discov eri n g wou n d ed sol di ers ,

a n d h e giv es to t h e Colli e t h e d ecid ed p ref eren c e .

It is how ev er as a n assist an t to t h e fl ock mast er t he

, ,
-
,

53
54 D OG S A N D A L L A B OU T T HE M
farm er t he butch er a n d the d rover that t he Colli e tak es hi s
, ,

most appropriat e place in every day life Th e sh eph erd -

.

on his d ai ly roun ds trav elli n g over mil es of moo rl an d co uld

, ,

not well accomplish hi s task without his Colli e s skilful aid ’

.

On e such dog knowi n g what is exp ect ed of hi m can do

, ,

work which would oth erwis e require t he combin ed efforts

of a sco re of men .

Littl e is kn own with c ertai n ty of t he ori gi n of t he Colli e ,

but his cu n n i n g and his outward app earan c e would s eem to

i n dicat e a relatio n ship with t he wild dog Buffon was of .

opinio n that h e was t he tru e dog of nature t he stock and ,

mod el of t h e whol e cani n e sp eci es He co n sid ered the .

Sh eepdog sup erior in i n stin ct and i n t ellig en c e to all oth er

breeds a n d that with a charact er in which education has
, ,

comparativ ely littl e share he is t he o n ly animal born p erf ec t ly

,

t rai n ed for the s ervic e of man .

On e of th e most p erfect wo rk i n g Colli es in Scotlan d to day -

is t h e old fashio n ed black a n d whit e typ e which is t he most

-
,

popular amo n g t he sh eph erds of Scotlan d A t t he shows .

this typ e of dog is i n variably at t he top of t he class He is .

co n sid ered t h e most t ractabl e an d is c ertai n ly t he most agile

, .

S eco n d to this typ e in favour is t he smooth coat ed vari ety -

,

a v ery hard us eful dog w ell adapt ed for hill wo rk an d usually

, ,

v ery fl eet of foot He is n ot so sweet in t emp er as t he black

.

a n d whit e a n d is slow to mak e fri ends

,
In t he E ttrick .

a n d Ya rro w district t h e smooth is a popular sh eepdog The .

sh eph erds m ai n tai n th at h e climbs t h e hills mo re swiftly

than t h e rough an d in t he h eavy s n owstorms his cl ean
, ,

u n feath ered l egs do n ot coll ect a n d carry t h e s n ow He has .

a full er coat than the show sp ecim en s usually carry but he ,

has t he sam e typ e of h ead ey e a n d ears o n ly n ot so well

, , ,

d evelop ed .

Th en th ere is the Scottish b eard ed or Highlan d Colli e , ,

l ess popular still with t he flock mast er a hardy loo k i n g d og -

,
-

in outward styl e but soft in t emp eram en t an d man y of th em

, ,

mak e b ett er cattl e than sh eep dogs This dog a nd t he O ld .

5 6 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
stan dard as th e k eep ers of th e show Colli e breed to an a o
,

knowledg ed typ e of p erfection Neverth el es s from a bad

.
,

wo rk er of good d esc ent man y an effi ci en t worker might be

produc ed by prop er mati n g a n d thos e of us S kill ed in t he
,

b reedi n g of Colli es kn o w t h e impo rtan c e of a well con sidered -

p roc ess of s el ectio n from un sulli ed strai n s .

It is a pity that t he hard workin g dog of t he S h eph erd do es

-

n ot r ec eiv e t h e att en tio n in t h e way of f eedi n g a n d groom

I n g that is b estow e d on t h e o rn am en tal S how dog He is .

too oft en n egl ect ed in th es e par ticulars Notwithstan di n g.

this n egl ect howev er t he averag e li f e of t he wo rki n g dog is

, ,

lo n g er by a year or two than that of his mo re b eauti ful cousi n

Pam
.

p eri n g a n d a rtificial livi n g a re n ot to be en cou raged ;

but on t h e ot h er han d n egl ect has t h e sam e effect of S hort en
, ,

in g t he span of life a n d bad f eedi n g a n d i n att en ti o n to Cl ean

,

li n oss p rovok e t he ski n dis eas es wh ich a re far too preval en t .

T h ere is n ot a mo re grac eful a n d physically b eautiful dog

to be s een than th e S how Colli e of t h e p res ent p eriod Produced .

from t h e old wo rki n g typ e h e is n ow practically a disti n ct

,

b reed His qualiti es in t he fi eld a re n ot oft en t est ed but

.
,

h e is a much mo re ha n dsom e a n d att ractiv e animal an d his ,

com eli n ess will always win for hi m man y admi ri n g fri en ds .

Th e improv em en ts in his styl e a n d app earan c e hav e b een

all eg ed to be d ue to an admixture with G ordo n S ett er blood .

I n t h e early y ears of exhibitio n s he show ed t h e short er h ead ,

h eav y ears an d much of t he black a n d tan colouri n g whi ch

,

might s eem to j ustify such a suppositio n but th ere is n o ev i

d en c e that t h e cross was ever pu rpos ely sought G radually .

t h e colour was light en ed to sabl e a n d a mi n gli n g of black ,

whit e an d t a n cam e i n to favour The shap e of t he h ead was

, .

also imp rov ed Th es e imp rovem en ts in b eauty of form a n d

.

colour hav e b een larg ely i n duc ed by t he man y Colli e clubs

n ow in exist enc e n ot o n ly in th e Un it ed Ki n gdom a n d Am erica ,

but also in South A frica an d G erman y by whom th e stan dards

,

of poi n ts have b een p erfect ed Typ e has b een en han ced

.
,

t he h ead with t he small o rn am en t al ears that n ow p revail is

 THE C OLL I E 57

more classical ; a n d sci en tific cultivatio n an d careful s el ec

tion of typical breedi n g stock have achi eved what may be
cOn s id ered t he sup erlativ e d egr ee of quality without a ppre ,

cia ble loss of stami n a siz e or substanc e , , .

Twen ty y ears or so ago wh en Colli es were b eco mi n g fashion

,

abl e th e rich sabl e coat with lo n g whit e man e was in hi gh est

,

requ est I n 1 8 8 8 Ch. Met chley Wo n d er captivat ed his

.

admi rers by th es e rich qualiti es He was t he first Colli e for .

whi ch a v ery high pu rchas e pric e was paid Mr Sam B od din g , .

t on havi n g sold him to Mr A H Megs on of Man ch est er for . . .

, ,

£5 3 0 High
. pric es t h en b e cam e f re qu en t Mr Meg s on paid as . .

much as to Mr Tom Stretch for O rmski rk E m erald

. .

No Colli e has had a lo n g er or mo re b rillian t career than

E m erald a n d although h e wa s n ot est eem ed as a succ essful
,

sire y et h e was c ertai n ly t he gr eat est favourit e amo n g our

,

S h ow dogs of rec ent y ears .

Mr Megs on has own ed man y oth er good S p ecim en s of the

.

b reed bo t h rough a n d smooth I n t h e sam e y ear that h e

,
.

bought Met chley W o n d er h e gav e £3 5 0 for a t en mo n ths ,

-
’

puppy Caractacus Sabl e an d whi t e is his favourit e com

, .

bi n ation of colour a fan cy which was shared som e years ago

,

by th e Am erican buy ers who would hav e n othin g els e , .

Black t an a n d whit e b ecam e mo re popular in E n glan d a n d

, , ,

whi l e th ere is n ow a good mark et for t h es e in t h e Un it ed

Stat es t he sabl e a n d whit e rem ai n s t h e favourit e of t h e
Am erican buy ers a n d b reed ers .

Th e b est Colli e of mod ern tim es was un doubt edly Ch .

Squi re of Tyt t on which wen t to Am erica for

, A
gold en sabl e with quality n ic e siz e a n d p rofus e coat h e had , , ,

a n un b eat en reco rd in this cou n t ry An oth er of our b est .

an d most typic al rough Coll i es was Ch W is h aw L ead er . .

This b eautiful dog who had a most disti n guish ed S h ow

,

career was a w ell mad e black t an an d whi t e wi th an en o r

,
-
, , ,

mous coat an d b eautiful fl owi n g whi t e man e on e of t he most

active movers di splayi n g quality all through a n d y et havi n g
, ,

p l en ty of substa n ce H e had that d e.si rabl e disti n ctio n of

5 8 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
typ e which is so O ft en lackin g in our lo n g h ead ed Colli es -
.

O rms k i rk E m erald s h ead was of good l en gth a n d well bal

’

a n ced t h e S kull su ff ici en tly fl at

,
his ey e was almo n d shap ed -

a n d dark b rown in colou r -

his expressio n k een a n d wis e , ,

en ti rely free from t h e soft look which we s ee on ma n y of t h e

fac es to day Historical exampl es of t he S how Co lli e have

-
.

also b een s een in Champion s Ch ristop h er An field Mod el , ,

Sappho of Tyt t on Parbold Piccolo a n d Wood man s t em , ,

Ta rtan .

I n rec en t y ea rs th e smooth Colli e has gai n ed in popularity

quit e as c ert ai n ly as his more amply atti red relative Origi n .

ally he was a dog produced by mati n g t he old fashio n ed black -

a n d whi t e with t h e G reyhou n d But t he Greyhoun d typ e .

,

which was form erly v ery mark ed can scarc ely be disc ern ed ,

to day Still it is n ot i n frequ en t that a th row back is dis

-
.
,
-

covered in a li tt er produci n g p erhaps a slat e coloured a pur e -

, ,

whit e or a j et black i n dividual or that an oth erwis e p erfect

, ,

smooth Co lli e should b et ray t he h eavy ears or th e ey e of a

Greyhou n d A t on e tim e this b reed of dog was much culti
.

v a t ed in Scotla n d but n o wadays t h e b re edi n g of smooths is

,

almost wholly co n fin ed to t h e E n gli sh sid e of t h e Bord er .

Th e followi n g is t he acc ept ed d escriptio n of t he P erfect

Co lli e
T h e S kull should b e fl at mod erat ely wid e b et ween t h e e ar s a n d
, ,

gradu ally tap eri n g to wards t h e ey es T h ere should o n ly b e a slight .

d ep ressio n at stop T h e width of skull n ec essarily d ep en ds upo n

.

combi n e d l en gth of skull an d muzzl e ; a n d t h e whol e must b e

co n sid ere d in co n n e ctio n with t h e siz e of t h e dog T h e ch eek should .

n ot b e fu l l or p romin en t T h e Muz zl e should b e of fair l en gth

.
,

tap erin g to t h e n os e a n d must n ot sho w we akn ess or b e s n ipy or

,

lippy W hatev er t h e colou r of t h e dog may b e t h e n os e must be

.
,

black Th e Teeth should b e of good siz e sou n d a n d l ev el v ery slight

u n ev en n ess is p ermiss ibl e Th e Ja ws —Cl ea n out an d po werf ul T h e
.
,

. .

E ye s ar e a v ery impo rtan t fe atu re an d giv e exp ressio n to t h e dog ,

th ey should b e of m edium siz e s et som ewhat obliqu ely of almo n d , ,

shap e a n d of a b ro wn colou r exc ept in t h e cas e of m erl es wh en t h e

, ,

e y es are fre qu en tly ( on e or both ) blu e a n d whit e or chi n a e xp re ssio n

full of i n telli g en c e with a quick alert look wh en list en in g T h e E a rs
, .

should b e small a n d mod erat ely wid e at t h e bas e an d plac ed n ot too ,

clos e tog eth er but on t h e top of t h e skull a n d n ot on t h e sid e of t h e

h ead W h en in repos e th ey should b e usu ally carri ed th ro wn back ,
.
 T H E C OLL I E

but wh en on t h e al ert b rought fo rwar d an d ca rri ed s emi erect with -

,

tips slightly droopin g in attitud e of list en i n g T h e Neck should be .

muscular po werful a n d of fa ir l en gth a n d som ewhat arch ed T h e

, , .

B o d y should b e stro n g with we ll sp ru n g ribs ch est d eep fairly b road

, , ,

b eh in d t h e should ers which should b e slop ed loin s v ery po werful

, , .

T h e dog should b e st rai ght in fro n t Th e F o re-L egs should b e str aight.

a n d muscular n eith er in n or out at elbo ws with a fair amou n t of bo n e

, ,

t h e fo re arm som ewhat fl eshy t h e past ern s sho win g fl exibility without ,

weak n ess T h e Hin d -L eg s should b e muscular at t h e thighs cl ean an d

.
,

sin ewy b elo w t h e h ook s with well b en t stifl es Th e F eet should b e

, .

ov al in shap e sol es well padd ed a n d t h e to es arch ed a n d clos e togeth er

, , .

T h e hin d f ee t l ess ar ch e d t h e h ook s well let do wn a n d po werf ul

, Th e .

B ru s h should b e mod er at ely lo n g ca rri e d low wh en t h e dog is qu i e t ,

with a slight up wa rd s wirl at t h e en d an d may b e gaily carrie d ,

wh en t h e dog is excit ed but n ot ov er t h e back , Th e C oat should b e .

v ery d en s e t h e out er coat har sh to t h e touch t h e i n n er or u n d er coat

, ,

soft fu rry a n d v ery clos e so clos e as almost to hid e t h e skin T h e

, , , .

ma n e an d frill should b e v ery abu n dan t t h e mask or fac e smooth as , ,

also t h e e a rs at t h e tips but th ey should carry mo re hair to wards t h e

,

bas e t h e fo re l e gs well feath ere d t h e hin d l e gs abov e t h e h ook s

-
,
-

p rofus ely so but b elo w t h e h ook s fai rly smooth althou gh all h eav ily ,

co at e d C olli es are liab l e to gr o w a slight feath erin g H ai r on t h e b rush .

v ery p ro f us e Colour in t h e Colli e is immat erial I n Gen eral Ch a racter

. .

h e is a lith e activ e dog his d eep ch est sho win g lu n g po wer his n e ck
, ,

stren gth his slopi n g should ers a n d well b en t h ook s i n dicati n g sp ee d

, ,

a n d h is exp ressio n high i n t ellig en c e H e should b e a fa ir l en gth on .

t h e leg givin g him mo r e of a r acy than a cloddy app ear a n c e

, In a .

f ew wo r ds a C olli e should sho w en du r an c e activity a n d i n t ellig en c e

, , , ,
with free an d t ru e actio n I n h eight dogs should b e 22 in s to 24 in s
. . .

at t h e should ers bitch es 20 in s to 22 in s Th e weight f or dogs is 4 5

,
. .

to 6 5 lbs bitch es 4 0 to 5 5 lbs T h e S mooth Co lli e o n ly di ffers from

.
,
.

t h e rou gh in its coat which should b e ha r d d en s e a n d quit e smooth

, , .

Th e M ain F a ults to b e avoid e d are a dom e d skull high p eak e d occipital ,

bo n e h eavy p en dulous or p rick ed e ars we ak j aws s n ipy muzzl e

, , , , ,

full stari n g or light ey es crook e d l e gs lar ge fl at or hare feet cu rly or

, , , ,

soft coat cow h ook s an d b rush twist ed or ca rri ed right ov er t h e b ack

, , ,

u n d er or ov ershot mouth .
 C HA PTE R IX
T HE OL D E NGL I SH S HEE P D OG

I NTE LLI GE NT an d picturesqu e wo rkman lik e an d affectionat e

, ,

t h e O ld E n glish Sh eepdog combi n es in hi s shaggy p erson t h e , ,

attribut es at o n c e of a d rover s d rudg e an d of a n id eal com

’

panio n A lthough t h e mod ern dog is s een l ess oft en than of

.

old p erformi n g his l egi timat e duti es as a sh eph erd dog there ,

is n o grou n d what ev er for supposi n g that he is a whit less

sagacious than t h e mo n gr els whi ch hav e larg ely supplan t ed
him The i n sti n cts of t h e race remai n unchan g ed ; but the
.

mongr el c ertai n ly com es ch eap er .

Car efully han dl ed in hi s youth t he bob t ai l is un equall ed as

,
-

a stock dog a n d h e is equally at hom e an d effi ci ent in charge

,

of S h eep of cattl e an d of New Fo rest poni es So d eep root ed

, , .
-

is t he natural h erdi n g i n sti n ct of t h e b reed that it is a th ousand

'

piti es that t he mod ern sh eph erd so frequ ently puts up with an
in ferio r an imal in plac e of t he g en uin e articl e .

No r is it as a S h eph erd dog alo n e that t h e bob —

tail shi n es in
t h e fi eld His quali fi catio n s as a spo rti n g dog are exc ell ent
.
,

a n d h e mak es a capital retri ev er b ei n g usually u n d er exc ellent

,

corit rol g en erally light mout h ed a n d taki n g v ery rea di ly to

-
, ,

wat er His n atu ral i n cli n atio n to remai n at his mast er s h eel
.
’

a n d his exc eptio n al sagacity a n d quickn ess of p erc eptio n will

sp eedily d ev elop him in a S po rtsman s han ds i n to a firs t rat e

,
’

,
-

dog to shoot ov er .

T h es e poi n ts in his favou r should n ev er be lost sight of ,

b ecaus e his i n creasin g popularity on t h e S how b en ch is apt t o ‘

misl ead man y of his admirers i n to t he b eli ef that he is a n

ornam en tal rath er than a utili ty dog Nothi n g could be .

60
62 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

The dog was well k n own in Scotlan d too u n d er t he titl e of , ,

t h e B ea rd ed Colli e for th ere is littl e doubt that this las t is

,

m erely a varian t of t h e breed He di ffers in poi n t of fact .

, ,

chi efly by reaso n of poss essi n g a tail t he amputatio n of whi ch ,

is a recogn is ed custom in E n glan d .

With regard to this custom it is said that the d rov ers o rigin
,

at ed it Th ei r dogs k ept for wo rki n g purpos es were imm un e

.
, ,

from taxatio n an d th ey adopt ed this m ethod of disti n guish

,

in g t he an imals thus ex empt ed It has b een argu ed by .

,

discipl es of t h e D arwi n ian th eory of i n h erit ed effects from

co n ti n u ed mutilatio n s that a lo n g proc ess of br eedi n g from
,

taill ess an imals has r esult ed in produci n g puppi es n aturally

bob tail ed an d it is di ffi cult on a n y oth er hypoth esis to
-
, , ,

accou n t for t h e fact that man y puppi es are so born It is

certain ly a fact that on e or t w
.

o n atural bob tails a re frequ en tly -

foun d in a li tt er of which the remai n d er a re duly furnish ed with

w ell d ev elop ed t ai ls
-
.

From careful co n sid eratio n of the w eight of evid en ce it ,

s eems u n lik ely that t he b reed was origi n ally a t ai ll ess on e but ,

t he mod ern custom u n doubt edly acc en tuat es its picturesqu e

n ess by bri n gi n g i n to sp ecial p ro mi n en ce t he roun d ed shaggy
qu ar t ers and t he charact eristic b ear lik e gait which dis -

t in guis h t h e O ld E n gli sh Sh eepdog .

Som ewh ere about t h e sixti es th ere would app ear to have
’

b een a revival of int erest in t he bob tail s welfare an d att empts -

’
,

w ere mad e to bri n g him i n to promi n en c e In 1 8 73 hi s a d .

mirers succ eed ed in obtai n i n g for him a s eparat e classification

at a r ecogn is ed S how a n d at t he Cu rzo n Hall at Bi rmi n gham
, , ,

in that y ear th ree t em erarious comp etito rs app eared to u n d er

go t he o rd eal of exp ert j udgm en t It was an u n pro misin g .

b egi n ni n g for Mr M B Wyn n who o fficiat ed foun d th eir

, . . .
,

quality so i n ferio r that he co n t en t ed hims elf with awardi n g a

s eco n d priz e .

But from this small b egi n n i n g importan t results w ere to

S p ri n g a n d t h e O ld E n glish Sh eepdog has mad e gr eat strid es
,

in popularity since th en A t Cl erk en w ell in 1 90 5 the entri es

.
, ,
 THE OLD ENGL IS H S HEE P D OG 63

in his class es reach ed a total of ov er on e hu n dred an d th ere ,

wa s n o gai n sayi n g t he qua li ty .

This satisfacto ry result is d ue in n o small m easur e to t h e

i n itiativ e of t he O ld E n glish Sh eepdog Club a soci ety fou n d ed ,

in 1 888 with t h e avow ed i n t en tio n of p romoti n g t h e b reedi n g

,

of t h e old fas h io n ed E n glish Sh eepdog an d of givi n priz es at

g
,

various sho ws h eld u n d er K en n el Club R ul es .

Th e pio n eers of this mov em en t so fa r as history reco rds ,

th ei r n am es w ere D r E dward es K er a n en thusiast both in

, .
-
,

th eo ry a n d in practic e from whos e caustic p en diss en ti en ts

,

were wo n t to su ffer p eriodical castigatio n Mr W G Wea ger . . .

,

who has h eld o ffi c e in t h e club for som e t wen ty y ears Mrs .

Mayh ew who capably h eld h er own am o n gst her f ellow

,

m emb ers of t he st ern er s ex Mr Freeman Lloyd who wrot e .

,

a n i n t eresti n g pamp h l e t on t he b reed in 1 88 9 a n d M ess rs J . .

Thomas and Parry Thomas .

Th ei rs ca n hav e b een n o easy task at t h e outs et for it ,

d evolved upo n th em to lay down in a succi n ct a n d p ractical ,

fo rm l eadi n g pri n cipl es for t h e guidan c e of futu re en thusiasts

, .

It run s thus
Gen eral A ppearan c e—A stro n g compact looki n g dog of gre at s y ru ,
-

m etry absolut ely free from l eggi n ess p rofus ely coat e d all ov er v ery
, , ,

e lastic in its gallop but in walki n g or t rotti n g h e has a cha ract eristic
,

am bli n g or paci n g mov em en t an d his b ark should b e loud , with a ,

p eculiar p ot cas s e ri n g in it T aki n g him all rou n d h e is a thick s et

.
,
-
,

muscular abl e bodi e d dog with a most i n t elligen t exp ressio n free
,
-
, ,

from all P oodle or D eerhoun d cha ract er S kull Capacious a n d rath er .

-
,

squarely fo rm ed givi n g pl en ty of room f or b rain po wer T h e parts

, .

ov er t h e eyes should b e well arch e d a n d t h e whol e well cov ered with

hair Ja w—F airly lo n g stro n g s quare a n d tru n cat ed t h e stop should
.
, ,

b e d efi n ed to avoid a D eerhou n d fac e T he a tten tion of j ud ges is p art icu .

lar ly ca lled to the a bove p rop erties , as a lon g, n a rrow hea d is a d eformity
ys —
.

V ary acco rdin g to colou of dog but da rk or wall ey es

os — l ays black large a n d capacious
E e the r the ,

ar e to b e p referred N e A w
T eeth—S t ro n g a n d la rg e e v en ly place d a n d l ev el in oppositio n
. .
, ,

, E a rs , .

-
S mall an d carri e d fl at to sid e of h e ad coat e d mod erat ely
, L egs , .

T h e fo re l egs should b e d ead st raight with pl en ty of bo n e removin g t h e

-
, ,

body to a m edium h eight from t h e grou n d without app roachi n g

l eggi n ess well coat e d all rou n d F eet —S mall roun d to es well
,

ar ch ed a n d pads thick a n d hard T ail—P uppi es re qui ri n g d ock in g

.
,

must hav e an app en dag e l eft of on e a n d a half to t wo i n ch es an d t h e

op eratio n p erfo rm ed wh en n ot old er than fou r days Nec k a n d S h oul d ers .
64 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
—Th e neck should b e fa irly lo n g a rch ed grac efully a n d well coat ed
, ,

with hai r ; t h e should ers slopi n g a n d n arro w at t h e poi n ts t h e dog

stan din g lo wer at t h e should er than at t h e loi n B o dy—R ath er sho rt
,

a n d v ery compact ribs well sp ru n g a n d b risk e t d eep a n d capacious

, , .

Th e loi n should b e v ery stout a n d g en tly a rch e d whil e t h e hin d ,

quart ers should b e rou n d an d muscular an d with well let do wn h ook s , ,

a n d t h e hams d en s ely coat e d with a thick lo n g j ack et in exc e ss of a n y

oth er part Coa t —P rofus e an d of goo d har d t extu re n ot straigh t but
.
, ,

shaggy a n d free from cu rl Th e u n d ercoat should b e a wat erp roof

p il e wh en n ot remov e d by groomin g or s easo n Colour—An y shad e
.

.
,

of grey grizzl e blu e or blu e merled with or without whit e markin gs

, ,
-
, ,
or in rev ers e an y shad e of b ro wn or sabl e to b e co n sid ered disti n ctly
obj ectio n abl e a n d n ot to b e en cou rag ed H ei gh t —T wen ty— t wo i n ch e s
.

a n d up war ds f or dogs slightly l ess f or bitch es

, T yp e char act er a n d .
, ,

symm etry a re of t h e great est im p o rtan c e a n d on n o accou n t to b e ,

sacrific e d to siz e alo n e .

Tu rn i n g to th e qu estions of care and k en n el man agem en t ,

we may start with t h e puppy It is obvious that wh ere bo n e .

and substanc e are matt ers of sp ecial d esi rability it is ess en tial ,

to build up in t he infa n t what is to be exp ect ed of the adult .

F or this reaso n it is a gr eat mistak e to allow t h e dam to bri n g

up too man y by h ers elf To about S ix or s ev en she can do
.

j ustice but a h ealthy bitch n ot i n frequ en tly gives birth to a

,

doz en or mo re Un d er such circumstan c es t h e s ervices of a

.

fost er moth er are a ch eap inv estm en t By dividi n g t he li tt er

-
.

t he weak li n gs may be giv en a fai r cha n c e in t h e struggl e for

exist en c e oth erwis e th ey rec eiv e scan t co n sid eration from
,

th ei r stro n g er b reth ren .

A t three or four days old t he tails should be remov ed as ,

n ea r t h e rump as possibl e Th e Op eratio n is easy to p erform

.
,

and if do n e with a sharp cl ean i n strum en t th ere is n o dan ger

,

of aft er ill effects .

If th e moth er be k ept on a v ery lib eral di et it will usually be ,

foun d that sh e will do all that is n ec essary for her family s ’

w elfare for t h e first three weeks by which tim e t h e pups have ,

i n creas ed prodigiously in siz e Th ey are th en old enough to .

l earn to lap for th ems elv es a n accomplishm ent which th ey ,

very sp eedi ly acqui re B egi n n i n g with fresh cow s milk for a

.
’

week th eir di et may be gradually i n cr eas ed to M ellin s or

,
’

B on g er s food an d lat er to gru el and Quak er O ats th eir

’

, ,
 TH E OLD E NGL IS H S HEE P DOG 65

st eadily i n creasin g app etit es b ei n g cat ered for by t he s irn ple

ex ercis e of commo n s en s e Feed th em littl e and oft en about
.
,

fiv e tim es a day and en cou rag e t h em to mov e about as much

,

as poss ibl e an d s ee that t h ey n ev er go hu n gry without allow ,

in g th em to go rg e L et th em play u n til th ey tir e an d S l eep

.
,

until th ey hu n ger agai n a n d th ey will be fou n d to thrive and

,

grow with surprisi n g rapi di ty A t six weeks old th ey can fen d .

for th ems elves and shortly aft erwards additio n s may be made
,

to th eir di et in th e s h ap e of paunch es carefully cl ean ed a n d ,

cook ed a n d Sp ratt s Puppy R odn im A pl en tiful supply of

,
’
.

fresh milk is sti ll ess en tial G radually t h e n umb er of th eir .

m eals may be d ecreas ed first to four a day an d lat er on to , ,

t h r ee un til at six mo n ths old th ey v erg e on adol escen c e a n d

, ,

may be plac ed upo n t he ratio n s of t h e adult dog two m eals a ,

day .

M ean whil e t h e mo re fresh ai r an d su n shi n e ex ercis e an d

, , ,

freedom th ey rec eive t he b ett er will th ey p rosp er but car e

, ,

must be tak en that th ey are n ev er allowed to get wet Th eir .

sl eepi n g plac e esp ecially must be tho roughly dry well v enti
-
,

lat ed and scrup ulously cl ean

, .

A s to t h e adult dog his n eeds are three he must be well fed

, ,

well hous ed an d w ell ex ercis ed

, Two m eals a day su ffi c e him .
,

but h e lik es vari ety an d th e mo re his fare can be div ersified

,

th e b ett er will h e do j ustic e to it Biscuits R odn im Flako .

, , ,

m eat veg etabl es paun ch es a n d sh eep s h eads with an occa

, , ,
’
,

sioual big bo n e to gn aw provid e u n limit ed Chan ge and th e , ,

particular tast es of i n dividuals should be l earn ed an d cat ered

for .

A s to t he bob tail s k en n el th ere is no n eed what ever for a

-
’

high pri ced fan cy structure An y weath erp roof buildin g will
-
.

do provid ed it be well v en tilat ed a n d free from dr aughts In

, .

very cold weath er a bed of cl ean wh eat straw is d esirabl e in ,

summ er the bar e boards a re b est I n all w eath ers cleanli n ess .

is an absolut e ess en tial an d a lib eral supply of fresh wat er,

sho uld be always availabl e .

Groomi n g is an impo rtan t d etail in a breed whos e pict ur

F
66 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
es quen es s d ep en ds so largely on the profus en ess of th eir shaggy
coats but th ere is a gen eral t en d en cy to ov erdo it A good
, .

sti ff p ai r of dan dy brush es give t he b est results but t he coats

,

must not be allowed to mat or tan gl e which th ey hav e a

,

t en d en cy to do if not prop erly att end ed to Mats a n d tan gl es

.
,

if tak en in tim e can gen erally be t eas ed out with t he fin gers

, ,

an d it is t he gr eat est mistak e to try an d drag th em out with

combs Th es e last should be us ed as little as possible a n d o n ly

.
,

with t he great est care wh en n ecessary at all An ov er .

groom ed bob tail los es half his natural charm Far preferabl e
-
.

is a muddy matt ed rough and tumbl e looki n g custom er with

, ,
- - -
,

his coat as Nature left it .

 C HA PTE R X
T HE CHO W C HO W

THE Chow Chow is a dog of gr eat v ersatility He is a born

—
.

sportsman a n d lov es an Op en ai life a warrior al ways ready

r -
,

to acc ept battl e but s eldom p rovoki n g it He has a way of his

,
.

own with t ram ps an d s eldom fails to i n duc e th em to conti n u e

,

t h eir trav els Yet withal h e is t en d er h eart ed a fri en d of

.
-
,

children an id eal compani o n a n d oft en has a cl ever gift for

, ,

parlour tricks I n Chi n a his fath erland h e is est eeme d for

—
.
, ,

an oth er quality his exc ell en c e as a substitut e for roast

mutton .

Though in his own cou n t ry h e is regard ed as pl eb ei an j ust a ,

commo n cur he is by no m ean s a mon gr el That he is of

, .

anci en t li n eag e is prov ed by t he fact that h e always b reeds tru e

to typ e He yi elds to the P eki n es e Span i el t h e cl ai m to be
.

t h e R oyal dog of Chi n a y et his blood must be of t h e blu est

, .

If you doubt it look at his to n gu e , .

O utwardly t h e Chow worthily embodi es th e ki n d faithful

, ,

h eart a n d t h e b rav e spirit wit h i n His compact body ( weigh .

in g 4 0 lbs or mo re) with t he b eautiful fur coat and ruff t h e

.
, ,

plum e tail turn ed ov er on his back a n d almost m eeti n g hi s

n eck ru ff t h e st ro n g st rai ght l egs a n d n eat catlik e f eet giv es
-
, , , ,

a n imp ressio n of symm etry pow er a n d al ert n es s His h an d

, , .

”
som e fac e w ears a sco wl Thi s is t h e t ech ni cal t erm for th e
.

n o n o n s en s e look which d et ers stran g ers from un du e

famili arity though to fri en ds hi s expressio n is kindn ess its elf
,
.

Though t h e Chow has man y p erf ectio n s t h e p erf ect C h o w ,

h as n ot y et arriv ed He n early c am e W ith Ch Chow VIII

. . .

—
lon g s in ce d ead alas l an d with Ch Fu Chow t he b est C h o w
‘

, .
,

67
68 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
now livi n g his light coloured eyes b ei n g his o n ly d efect
,
.

With man y j udg es however this dog s black coat han di caps
’

, ,

him sadly in comp etitio n with his red b rethren Chow VIII . .

is co n sid ered t he b est a n d most typical dog ever b en ch ed n ot ,

withstan di n g hi s som ewhat roun d eyes Almo n d eyes a re of .

cours e co rrect in Chi n am en Ch R ed Craz e own s t he h ead . .

which is p erfect with t he corr ect ear carriage an d b road muzzl e -

,

a n d t h e scowl and charact eristic e xp ressio n of a good Ch ow .

D ark red is t he acc ept ed colou r of t he Chow Mod ern .

j udges wi ll n ot look twic e at a light or p arti colo ur ed dog a n d -

,

it is to be f eared that if ev en Ch Cho w VIII could revisit the . .

sc en es of his bygo n e tri umphs his b eautiful light marki n gs ,

would p rov e a fatal bar to his succ ess Th e j udg es wo uld be .

quit e wron g but if you wan t a dog for Show you must be sur e
,

to get a good W hol e coloured dark red If on t h e oth er han d -

.
, ,

you have a Chow as a compan ion a n d fri en d do n ot be at a ll ,

t roubl ed if his ru ff yok e culott es and tail a re whit e or cream

, ,

colo ured Th es e a re n atural co rrect an d typical marks though

.
, ,

p res en t day fan ci ers a re tryi n g to improv e th em away

-
.

A list of poi n ts as d rawn up by t he Chow Chow Club som e

yea rs ago is add ed The poi n ts are fai rly right but t he to n gu e
.
,

of a live Chow is n ever black It should be blu e such a colour .

,

as might result from a di et of bilb erri es .

P O I NT S OF T H E CH OW CH OW H ea d —S kull fl at a n d b road with

littl e stop well fill ed out u n d er t h e eyes Mu z zle—Mod erat e in l en gth
,

, .
,

a n d b road fr om t h e ey es to t h e poi n t ( n ot poi n t e d at t h e en d lik e a

fox) Nos c B la ck lar ge an d wid e ( In cream or light colou red
sp ecim en s a p in k n os e is allo wable ) T o n gue—B lack E y es—D ark
h -
.
, .

—
. .
,

a n d small ( I n a. blu e dog light colou r is p ermissibl e ) E a rs S mall .

,

poi n t ed a n d carri ed stiffly ere ct T h ey should b e plac ed well fo rward

, .

over t h e eyes which giv es t h e do g t h e p eculiar charact eristic ex

p ressio n of t h e b reed—viz a so rt of sco wl Teeth—S tro n g an d l evel
,

Neck —S tr o n g
.
.
, .

full s et W e ll on t h e should ers a n d slightly arch ed

S h oul d ers — Muscula r a n d slopi n g Ch es t —
.
, , ,

B road an d d eep B a ck
L oin s —P o werful T a il—
. .

S ho rt st raight a n d st ro n g C u rl e d tightly
over t h e b ack F ore-l egs—P erfe ctly straight of mod erat e l en gth an d
, , . .

Hin d -l eg s—S am e as fo re l egs muscular an d with h ook s

.
, ,

with great bo n e
F eet —
-
.
,

well let do wn S mall rou n d a n d catlik e sta n din g well on t h e

—
.
, ,

to s
e C oa t A bu n da n t d en s e straight a n d r ath er co ars e in t extu re
C olour—W hol e colou re d black red
.
, , , ,

with a soft W oolly u n d ercoat .

-
, ,

y ello w blu e whit e et c n ot in patch es ( t h e u n d er p art of tail an d back

, , , .
,
 C HA PTE R XI
T HE P O OD L E

THE Poodle is commo n ly ackn o wl edg ed to be t he most wis ely

i n t elli gen t of all m emb ers of t he can i n e race He is a scholar
.

and a gen tl eman but in spit e of his cl ai ms of lo n g d escen t

,

an d his extrao rdi n a ry natural cl ev ern ess h e has n ev er b een

,

W id ely popular in this cou n t ry as t he Colli e and t he Fox

Terri er a re popular . Th ere is a g en eral b eli ef that h e is a top ,

whos e tim e is l argely occupi ed in p erso n al emb ellishm en t ,

and that he requi res a gr eat d eal of i n dividual att entio n in

t he matt er of hi s toil et . It may be t ru e that to k eep hi m
in exhibitio n ord er a n d perfect cl ean li n ess his own er has n eed
to d evot e more con sid eration to him than is n ec essary in t he
cas e of man y b reeds ; but in oth er resp ects h e gives v ery
little t roubl e a n d a ll who a re attach ed to him are co n sist en t
,

in th eir Opi n ion that th ere is n o dog so i n t en s ely i n t eresti n g

and r espo n sive as a compan io n His qualiti es of mi n d a n d
.

hi s acut e powers of reaso n i n g a re i n d eed so gr eat t h at th ere

is som ethi n g almost h uman in his attractiv en ess an d his
d evotio n His aptitud e in l earni n g is n ev er d en i ed an d man y
.
,

are t he sto ri es told of hi s ma rv ellous tal en t an d v ersatility .

Not m erely as a showman s dog has h e disti n guish ed hims elf

’
.

He is som eth i n g mo re t h a n a moun t eban k of t he boo t hs ,

train ed to walk t h e tight rop e a n d stan d on hi s h ead He is .

a n ad ept at p erfo rmi n g t ri cks but it is his al ert n ess of brai n

,

that plac es him apart from oth er animals Th ere is t h e .

exampl e of t h e famous Mu ni to wh o in 1 8 1 8 p erpl ex ed t h e

,

Parisian s by his cl evern ess with playi n g cards a n d hi s i n tricat e

a rithm etical calculatio n s Pari s was fo rm erly t he hom
. e of
 T H E P OODLE 7 1

most of t he learn ed Poodl es and on e rem emb ers t he i n stan ce

,

of t he Poodle of t he Pont Neuf who had t he habit of dirtyi n g

—
,

t h e boots of t h e pass e rs by in o
-
rd e r that his mast er a sho e

black station ed h alf way across t h e brid gc might en j oy t he

- b

profit of cl ean i n g th em I n B elgium Poodl es were syst ematic

.

ally trai n ed to smuggl e valuable lace which was wou n d round

,

th eir s h av en bodi es and covered with a fals e S ki n Th es e .

dogs w ere school ed to a di slik e of all men in u n iform an d con ,

s equ en tly on th ei r j ourn ey b etween M echli n an d t h e coast

th ey always gav e a wid e b erth to t he Customs offi c ers On .

t he Co n ti n en t Poodl es of t h e la rg er kind a re oft en us ed f or

d raught wo rk .

Th er e can be littl e doubt that t h e breed o rigi n at ed in Ger

m an y wh ere it is kn own as t he P udel and class ed as t h e Ca n is
, ,

fa miliaris A qua ticus In form an d coat h e would s eem to be

.

clos ely relat ed to th e old Wat er dog an d t h e r es emblance

-
,

b etween a brown Poodl e a n d an Irish W at er Span i el is re

m arkabl e The Poodl e is n o lo n ger regard ed as a sporti n g
.

dog but at on e p eriod h e was t rai n ed to retri eve wat erfowl

, ,

and he still on occasion displays a n eager fo n dn ess for t h e

wat er .

T h roughout E ur op e and i n t h e U n it ed Stat es — wh erever

th es e dogs are k ept—it is usual to clip t he coat on t he face ,

t h e l egs a n d th e hi n d er part of t h e body l eavi n g tufts of hai r

%

, ,

on th e thighs a n d a ri n g of hai r on t h e past erns Th e o rigi n .

and purpos e of t he custom are n ot appar en t but n ow t h at ,

Poodles ar e almost always k ept as hous e dogs this mod e of ,

orn am en tation at l east comm en ds its elf by reduci n g t he

labo ur of daily groomi n g if t h e coat is to be mai n t ai n ed in
good co n dition a n d t he dog to be a pl easan t associat e .

The profus e a n d lo n g coat of this dog h as t h e p eculiarity

that if n ot k ept co n stan tly brush ed out it t wists up i n to littl e
cords which i n creas e in l en gth as t he n ew hair gro ws a n d
cli n gs about it The u n sh ed old hair an d t h e n ew gro wth
.

en twin ed togeth er thus b ecom e disti n ct TOpe lik e cords -

.

Even tually if th es e cords are n ot cut S hort or accid en tally

, ,
7 2 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
to rn off th ey drag along th e ground and so prev ent the poor
, ,

an imal from movi n g with a n y d egree of comfo rt or freedom .

Som e few own ers who admire an d cultivat e th es e lo n g co rds

, ,

k eep th em ti ed up in bundl es on the dog s back but so un ’

,

n atu ral and u n sightly a m ethod of burd en i n g th e animal

is n ot to be comm end ed .

Co rd ed Poodles are v ery showy an d from t h e remarkabl e ,

-

app earance of t he coat attract a gr eat d eal of public att en tio n

,

wh en exh ibit ed at shows ; but th ey have lost popularity

amo n g most fan ci ers a n d hav e b ecom e few in n umb er owi n g
,

to t h e obvious fact that it is impossibl e to mak e p ets of th em

or k eep th em in t h e hous e The reason of thi s is that t he coat
.

must from tim e to tim e be oil ed in o rd er to k eep the co rds

, ,

suppl e and prev en t th em from snapping and of course as , , ,

th eir coats cannot be brush ed t he o n ly way of k eepi n g t he ,

dog cl ean is to wash him which with a co rd ed Poodl e is a ,

l en gthy a n d laborious proc ess Furth er the coat tak es hours .

,

to dry and u n l ess t he n ewly wash ed dog be k ept in a warm

,

room h e is v ery liabl e to catch cold Th e r esult is that t he .

,

coats of cord ed Poodles are almost invariably di rt y a n d ,

som ewhat sm elly .

A t on e tim e it was sugg est ed that cord ed s and n on cord ed s -

were two distinct breeds but it is n ow g en erally accept ed

,

that t he coat of every well br ed Poodl e will if allowed d evelop

-
, ,

cords .

Curly Poodl es on t he oth er han d hav e advanc ed con

, ,

s id era bly in favour Th ei r coats should be k ept regularly

.

b rush ed and comb ed an d if wash ed occasio n ally th ey will, ,

always be smart a n d cl ean and pl easant companion s in t he ,

hous e .

Th e four colou rs usually consid er ed corr ect are black whit e , ,

b rown and blue Whit e Poodl es are co n sid ered the most
, .

i n t ellig ent and it is cert ai n that profession al trai n ers of per

,

formi n g dogs prefer th e whit e vari ety The black com e n ex t in .

t h e o rd er of int elligen c e and easily su rpass th e brown and

,

blu e which are som ewhat lacki n g in tru e Poodle charact er

, .
 T H E P OO DLE 73

No strict lin es a re drawn as regards b rown a n d all shad es ,

ran gi n g from cream to dar k b rown a re class ed as b rown .

Mrs R ob ert L o n g a few y ears ago startl ed h er fellow en thus

.
-

ias t s by exhi biti n g som e pa rti colou red sp ecim en s but-

th ey were regard ed as freaks a n d did n ot b ecom e popular

, .

Th e poi n ts to be look ed for in choos i n g a Poodl e a re t h at ,

h e S hould be a liv ely activ e dog with a long fin e h ead a

, , , ,

dark oval ey e with a b right al ert expressio n sho rt in t he back

, , ,

n ot l eggy but by n o m eans low on t h e ground with a good

, ,

loi n carryi n g his t ai l well up t h e coat should be profus e

, ,

all on e colour v ery curly a n d rath er wiry to t he touch

, , .

If you buy a Poodl e puppy you will fin d it lik e oth er in

t elligen t a n d activ e youn gst ers full of mischi ef Th e gr eat
, .

s ecret in t rainin g him is first to gai n hi s affectio n With .

firm n es s ki n dn ess and p ers ev eran c e you can th en t each him

, , ,

almost anyt hi n g Th e most liv ely and excitabl e dogs are

.

usually t he easi est to trai n It is advan tageous to t each your

.

dog wh en you giv e him his m eal of biscuit l etti n g him have ,

t h e food pi ec e by pi ec e as a r eward wh en each trick is duly

p erform ed Nev er att empt to t each hi m two n ew tricks at
.

a tim e and wh en i n structi n g hi m in a n ew trick let him

,

always go through his old o n es fir st Mak e it a n i n variabl e .

u
r le n v
e e r to b e b eat en by him I f— as frequ en tly is t he cas e
.

—
with your dogs h e d ecli n es to p erfo rm a t rick do n ot p as s ,

it over or allow him to substitut e an oth er he lik es b ett er ;

but wh en you s ee he obsti n at ely r efus es punish him by
, ,

putti n g away the cov et ed food for a n hour or two If he .

o n ce s ees he can ti re you out you will have n o fu rth er authority

over him whil e if you are firm he will not hold out agai n st you
,

lo n g It is a bad plan to mak e a dog rep eat too frequ en tly

.

a tri ck whi ch he obviously di slik es and i n sist en c e on your ,

part may do great harm The Poodl e is exc eptio n ally s ensitiv e
.
,

a n d is far mor e effici ently taught wh en t reat ed as a s en sibl e

b ei n g rath er than as a m ere quadrup edal automato n He .

will l earn twic e as quickly if his mast er can mak e him un d er

stand th e reason for p erfo rmi n g a task The whip is of littl e .
74 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T H E M
us e wh en a l esson is to be taught as the dog will probably ,

associat e his tasks with a thrashi n g a n d go through th em in

th at unwilli n g cow ed tail b etween l egs fashi on which too
, ,
- -

oft en b etrays t he u n thi n ki n g hasti n ess of th e mast er an d is ,

th e chi ef r easo n why t h e Poodl e has som etim es b een regard ed

as a spiritl es s coward .

Th e Poodl e bitch mak es a good moth er rar ely givi n g troubl e ,

in wh elpi n g a n d t h e puppi es a re n ot d iffi cult to rear

, Th eir .

chi ef dan g ers a re gast ritis an d con g estio n of t he lungs which ,

ca n be avoid ed with careful tr eatm en t It should be rem em .

b ered that th e d en s e coat of t h e Poo dle tak es a lo n g tim e

to dry aft er b ei n g w ett ed and t hat if t he dog has b een out,

in t he rai n an d got his coat soak ed or if he has b een wash ed

, ,

or allow ed to j ump i n to a po n d you must tak e care not to ,

l eav e him in a cold plac e or to lie i n active b efo re h e is p erfectly

dry .

Most Poo dles are k ept in t he hous e or in en clos ed k en n els ,

well p rot ect ed from d raught a n d moistu re a n d th ere is n o ,

difficulty in so k eepi n g th em as th ey a re n aturally ob edi en t ,

a n d easily taught to be cl ea n in t h e hous e a n d to be r egular

in th ei r habits .

Th e coat of a cu rly Poodl e S hould be k ept fl eecy and free

from tan gl e by b ei n g p eriodically comb ed a n d b rush ed The .

groomi n g k eeps t he ski n cl ean a n d h ealthy and frequ en t ,

washing even for a whit e dog is n ot n ec essary The dog

, , .

will of cou rs e requi re clippi n g from tim e to tim e I n Paris

, , .

at pres en t it is t h e fashio n to clip t he great er part of t he body

an d h i n d qua rt ers but t h e E n glish Poodl e Club recomm en ds
-
,

t h at t h e coat be l eft on as fa r down t h e body as t he last rib ,

a n d it is also customa ry wit h us to l eav e a good d eal of coat

on t h e hi n d qua rt ers -
.

Probably t h e b est kn own Poodl e of his day in this cou n try

-

wa s C h Th e Mod el a black co rd ed dog b elo n gi n g to Mr H A

.
, . . .

D a gois who impo rt ed hi m from t h e Co n ti n en t

,
Mod el was .

a m edi um siz ed dog v ery well p roportio n ed a n d with a

-
, ,

b eautifully mould ed h ead an d dark expressiv e ey es a n d I , ,

 T H E P OOD LE 75

b eli ev e was on ly o n c e b eat en in t he S how ri n g He di ed som e .

few y ears ago at a ri p e old a ge but a great ma n y of t he b est ,

known Poodl es of t he pres en t day claim relatio n ship to him .

On e of his most f amous d esc en dan ts was Ch Th e Jok er

‘

.
,

also black co rd ed who was v ery succ essful at exhi bitio n s

, .

An oth er v ery ha n dsom e dog was Ch Vladimi r agai n a .

,

black co rd ed b elo n gi n g to Miss Ha ulgrav e

, .

Si n c e 1 90 5 t h e curly Poodl es have v ery much improved ,

and t he b est sp ecim en s of t h e br eed are n ow to be found in th eir

ran ks Ch O rchard A dmiral t he prop erty of Mrs Crouch
. .
, .
,

a s on of Ch The J ok er an d L ady G odiva is probably t he b est

.
,

sp ecim en livi n g Whi t e Poodl es of which Mrs Crouch s

.
, .
’

Orchard Wh it e Boy is a n otabl e sp ecim en ought to be mo re ,

wid ely k ept than th ey a re but it must be admitt ed that t h e

,

task of k eepi n g a full siz ed whit e Poodle s coat clean in a

-
’

town is n o light on e .

Toy Wh it e Poo dles co n s equ en tly are v ery popular

, The , .

toy vari ety should n ot exc eed fi ft een i n ch es in h eight at t he

should er an d in all resp ects s h ould be a mi n iatur e of t he full
,

siz ed dog with th e sam e poi n ts

,
.

I
P O NTS OF T HE P E R F E CT P OOD E L l c — at
Gen era A ppea ran e T h
of a v y activ i t llig t
er e, n e l ga t looki g dog
en , an d e e n -ll bui tn , we l , an d
ca yi g h ms lf v y p oudly
i — L o g st a ght
H ea d r i an d fin e ,
uz l —
rr n e er r . n , ,

the skull b oad ith a slight p ak at

n ot r , w bac e the Lo g k M ze n
st o g—
.

(but n os ipy
t n ) a n d rfull
n ch k t th hit st o g
n ot in ee ; e e W e, r n ,
l v l gums black lips black
an d e e sho i g lippi ss
a n d n ot wn ne E y es
os — lack
, .

A lmo d shap d v y da k full of i t llig c

fi re an d n e N e B
a s—
n e , er r , en e .

an d sha p r E r l ath lo g
The e er id n an d w ha gi g
e , low s et on ,
— l p opo tio d
. n n
clos to fac
the Neck We l r st o g to admit of
an d
—t o g
e e . r ne r n ,
the eh ad b i g ca i d high ith dig ity
an d w o S h uld ers S r n an d
s— p
e n rr e n .

muscula slopi g ll to
r, n we back t he mod at ly id
Ch e t D ee an d er e w e
— ho t st o g
. .

B ack S r , slightly hollo d

r n , an d loi s b oad
we , t h e n r a n d mu s cu
ibs ll sp u g
lar, t h e r we b ac d up
r n an d r — ath sma l
e F eet of
R. er l , an d
good shap to s l a ch d pads thick
e, t h e e we l r e , ha d L o
an d r egs - F re .

l gs
e st aight f om should
s et r r ith pl ty of bo
er , w enmuscl i d
n e an d e H n .

l gs v y muscula
e er ll b t ith
r a n d we en , w ll do a
t h e h ook s we let wn T il .

S et o n rath high er ll ca i d
, we v cu l d
rr e , n e er ca i d ov back
r e or rr e er
—V y p ofus
.

C oa t er r of good ha d t xtu
e , an d if co d d ha gi g
r e re r e , n n in
tight v co ds if —co d d v y thick st o g of v l gt an d h,
olo s— black
, e en r n on r e , er r n , e en en

the cu ls clos
r thick ithout k ots co ds
e an d , w n or r C ur A ll .
,

all h t all blu

W i e , all re d , e oo l should hav da k y s
T h e W hit e P
. d e e r e e ,
black v y da k liv os lips
or er r er n e, ails , an d t o e-n
o l shouldTh e R ed P o d e
.
7 6 DOG S A N D A LL A B OU T T HE M
h ave dark amb er eyes dark liv er n os e lips an d t oe n a ils Th e B lue
, , ,
-
.

P ood l e should b e of ev en colou r a n d hav e dar k ey es lips an d t oe n ails

, , ,
-
.

All t h e oth er poi n ts of W hit e R ed a n d B lu e P oo dl es should b e t h e

, ,

sam e as t h e p erfe ct B lack P oodl e

N B —I t is stro n gly re comm en d e d that o nly on e thir d of t h e body
.

-
. .

b e clipp e d or shav ed a n d that t h e hai r on t h e fo reh ead b e l eft on

, .
7 8 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
dog lovi n g public I n 1 888 Dr S eelig brought over Skip
-
. .
,

Dri es k e and Mia ,

Th e firs t n am ed was purchas ed by Mr
.
-
.

E B Joachi m an d t h e two oth ers by Mr G R K rehl

. .
,
L at er . . . .

on Mr J oachi m b ecam e t h e own er of Mr G reen s S ht oot s

. .
’

and bought Fritz of Spa in B elgium a n d th es e dogs form ed ,

t h e n ucl eus of t h e t wo k en n els w h ich laid t h e foun datio n of

t h e b reed in E n glan d .

It was p robably t h e i n troducti o n of the Schipp erk e to

E n glan d that i n duc ed B elgian own ers to pay great er att en tio n
t o c areful b reedi n g and a club wa s sta rt ed in 1 8 88 in B russ els
, ,

”
whos e m emb ers aft er lon g and earn est co n sid eration
,
%
,

s ettl ed a d escriptio n an d stan dard of poi n ts for t he b reed .

Not lo n g aft erwards t h e Schi pp erk e Club ( E n gland) was

inaugurat ed a n d d rew up th e followi n g stan dard of poin ts
, ,

which was adopt ed in D ecemb er 1 8 90 a n d di ffered o n ly v ery , ,

slightly from t he on e ac kn owl edg ed by t he B elgian so ci ety

an d lat er by t he St Hub ert Schipp erk e Club . .

I
S TA ND A R D OF P O NTS O F T HE S CH P P E R K E C U B , E NG A ND L I L
— oxy typ skull should
H ea d F in e ; ou d but b oad
n ot b e r n , r , an d
w ith littl stop muzzl should
Th e mod at be l gth but
e in , fi

os — lack
e . e er en ne
n ot we ak should ll fill d out u d
be W e e y s n er t h e e e N e B an d
y — ak b o
, .

small E es D r small mo ova tha ou d

r wn , l n , a n d n ot
— hap
.
, re n r
full b ight r ,full of xp ssio
an d e re n E a rs mod at
S e : Of . er e

l gh
en t , n ot too b oad at r bas tap the g to a poi t
e, erin a iag n C rr e : .

ct h
S t iffl y ere , a n d w en in that positio i sid dg to fo m as
n the n e e e r n ea r
as possibl a ight a gl ith skull
e w st o g oug
t he an d to b t h n ot b e en
t —to g —t o g
e r n r n en
oth is tha l gth ays
erw e n en w T ee h l v l
S r n an d e e
. Neck S r n .

ful ath sho t b oad should s slightly a ch d

— uscula
an d l, r r , s et on t h e an d
s — oad
er r er r e .

u
S h o ld ers M slop g
r an d in d p b isk t
Br an d in r
— ho st aight
Ch e t
st o g L i — o ful
. ee e .

B a ck S rt , , an d
ll d a
P wer up , we
r wn
L — f ctly st aight
r r n o ns .

f om
r b isk t
t he r e F ore - egs P er e ll u d r body
, we
n er t h e
i L — t o g muscula
. ,

w ith bo p opo tio to

n e in body t he H n d - egs S r n ,
— ma l catlik
r r n . r,
ll
h ook s we let do wn F eet S l, sta di g ll
e, an d we on t h e
u t — i com p a d to
n n
— lack fo —
.

to se . Na ils B i H n d -q ar ers F n e
. pa tsre t he re r ,

muscula r an d ll d v lop d thighs tai ss

we - e e mp ll ou d d
lle , ru we r n e
— lack abu da t d s
e ,
.

Coa t B , n n , ha sh smoo h
en e , an d r ,
ad a st on t h e h e ,
e r
an d el gs lyi g clos
, n back
e on t h sid s but ct
e a n d e ,
thick ou d
e r e a n d r n
t he n eck fo mi g a ma f illn e an d r ll f ath d back of t g s
, a n d we
hi h
a a c — smal cobby
r n ere on
— bout t lv pou ds
, e .

W eigh t A we e nl Gen era Appe r n e A

. l
a imal ith sha p xp ssio i t s ly liv ly p s ti g
n w r n , n en e app a
re en n t h e e r
i ts —
e re e ,

a c of b i g al ays
n e e n w a ton t h eis u i i
ler D q alf y n g P o n D rop , or
lt — it hai s
.

s mi ct
e -
ere e ars f Fau s M obj ct d to but
e r are e e ,
are n ot
di squ alifyin g .
 T H E S C H IPP E R K E 79

The back of the Schipp erk e is d escrib ed as st rai ght but it ,

should rou n d off at t he rump which S h ould be rotund an d full

, ,

guin ea pig li k e Th e co n ti n u ed strai ght li n e of a t erri er s

- -
.
’

back is n ot d esi rabl e but it will frequ en tly be fou n d in S p eci

,

m en s that have b een dock ed The B elgian stan dard requi res
.

”
t he l egs to be fin e and n ot hav e much bo n e
, Th e bo n e of a .

t erri er is o n ly met with in coars e Schipp erk es A s to siz e it n eed .

,

only be n ot ed that t he maximum of t h e small siz e viz 1 2 lbs , .

,

is that g en erally preferred in E n glan d as well as in B elgium ,

.

Furth er it is o n ly n ec essary to remark that t h e Schipp erk e

,

is a dog of quality of disti n ct charact eristics cobby in app ear

, ,

a nc e not lo n g in t h e back n or hi gh on t h e leg ; t h e muzzl e

, ,

must n ot be weak a n d thi n n or short an d blun t a n d fin ally

, , ,

he is n ot a prick cared black wire hai red t erri er

-
,
-
.

The Schipp erk e s tail or rath er its abs en c e has b een t h e

’

, ,

caus e of much discussio n an d at on e tim e gav e ris e to con

,

s id era ble acrimo n ious feeli n g amo n gst fan ci ers On t h e .

i n troduction of this dog i n to Great B ritai n it arriv ed from

ab road with t h e reputatio n of b ei n g a t ai lless breed but ,

wh eth er B elgi an own ers accid en t a lly co n v eyed th at im

pressio n or did it pu rpos ely to giv e t he b reed an addition al
disti n cti o n is di ffi cult to say An yho w t h e Schipp erk e is n o
.

mo re taill ess than th e Old E n glish Sh eepdog That is .

to say a larg er n umb er of i n dividuals a re b o rn without an y

caudal app en dage or o n ly a stump of a tail t h an in an y oth er
vari ety of dogs It is said that a dock ed dog can be told
.

from on e that has b een born t ai ll ess in this way ; wh en

th e dock ed a n im al is pl eas ed a slig h t mov em en t at t h e en d
,

of th e spi n e wh ere t he t ai l wa s cut off is disc ern ibl e but t he ,

naturally taill es s dog sways t h e wh ol e of its hin d quart ers -

.
 C HA PTE R XIII
T HE B L O OD HO UND

T HE Bloodh oun d was much us ed in old en tim es in hu n ti n g

a n d in t h e pu rsuit of fugitiv es ; two s ervices for which his
rema rkabl e acut en ess of sm ell his ability to k eep to the
,

particular sc en t on which he is first laid and t h e i n t elligen ce ,

a n d p erti n acity with which h e follo ws up t h e t rail admi rably ,

fit him Th e us e and employm en t of th es e dogs dat e back

.

i n to remot e an tiquity We hav e it on t he authority of Strabo

.

that th ey w ere us ed against t he G auls a n d we hav e certain ,

k n o wl edg e that th ey w ere employ ed n ot o n ly in t he frequ ent

feuds of t he Scottish clan s a n d in t he conti n uous bo rd er fo rays
,

of thos e days but also du ri n g t he ev er recurri n g hosti liti es

,
-

b etween E n glan d an d Scotlan d .

I n d eed t he v ery n am e of t h e dog calls up visio n s of feudal

,

castles with th ei r trai n s of kn ig h ts a n d warrio rs and all t he

,

stirri n g pan orama of th es e b rav e days of old wh en t he o n ly ,

t en u re of lif e p rop erty or goods wa s by t he stron g han d

, ,
.

This f eudal dog is frequ en tly pictu red by t h e po et in his

ballads a n d roman ces a n d in Th e L ady of t h e L ak e we
,

fi n d t he b reed agai n m en tio n ed as

—d o gs of bla ck S t Hu b ert s b reed
.
’

Un ma tch ed for c o u ra ge b rea th a n d speed , , .

Th es e famous black Bloodhou n ds call ed St Hub erts are , .

,

suppos ed to have b een b rought by pilgrims from t he Holy

L an d A noth er larg er breed also k n own by t h e sam e nam e
.
, ,

were pur e whit e an d an oth er ki n d w ere greyish red

,
Th e -
.

dogs of t he p res en t day a re probably a bl en d of a ll th es e

vari eti es .
 T H E B LOODHOUN D 81

The Bloodh oun d from t he n obl er pursuit of h ero es an d

,

kn ights c am e in lat er y ears to p erform t h e wo rk of t he mo re

,

mod ern d et ectiv e but in thi s also his s ervic es were in tim e
sup ers ed ed by t he j ustic e s warran t a n d t he polic e O ffic er
’
.

W e fin d it reco rd ed about 1 8 0 5 h o wever that t he Th rapsto n

, ,

A ssociation for t he Prev en tio n of F elo n s in No rth am pton shi re

hav e provid ed a n d t rai n ed a Bloodhou n d for t h e d et ectio n of
”
sh eep st eal ers
-
.

Th e reputatio n it obtai n ed for sagacity an d fi ercen es s in t h e

capture of ru n away slav es a n d t he c ru elti es attribut ed to it in
,

conn ecti o n with t he supp ressio n of th e various n egro risi n gs ,

esp ecial ly that of t h e Maroo n s hav e giv en t h e a n imal an

,

evil reput e which more probably sho uld attach to thos e

,

who mad e t h e an imal s cou rag e and sagacity a m ean s for th e

’

gratificatio n of th ei r own revolti n g cru elty of di sposition It .

has b een j ustly remark ed that if en ti re cred en c e be giv en to

th e d escriptio n that was t ransmitt ed th rough t h e cou n t ry
of this extraordi n ary an imal it might be suppos ed that t h e
,

Span iards had obtain ed t he anci en t an d g enui n e breed of

C erb erus hims elf .

Comi n g agai n to this coun try we fin d th e Bloodhou n d ,

us ed from tim e to tim e in pursuit of poach ers a n d cri mi n als ,

a n d in ma n y i n sta n c es t h e gam e recov ere d an d t h e ma n

arr est ed .

Th ere is n o doubt that t he polic e in cou n t ry dist ricts ,

a n d at our co n vict priso n s could us e Bloodhou n ds to a d

,

van tag e but publi c s en tim ent is d ecid edly ag ai n st t h e id ea ,

a n d although on e of His Maj esty s priso n s h as b een o ff ered

’

a wo rki n g houn d for n othi n g t h e autho riti es hav e r efus ed

,

to con sid er t he qu estio n or giv e t he hou n d a trial .

Half a c en tu ry ago t h e Bloodhoun d wa s so littl e est eem ed

in this cou n t ry that t h e b reed wa s co n fin ed to t he k en n els
of a v ery few own ers but t h e i n stitutio n of dog shows i n duced
t h es e own ers to bri n g th ei r hou n ds i n to public exhibitio n ,

wh en it was s een that lik e t h e Masti ff t h e Bloodho und claim ed

, ,

t he adva n tag e of havin g ma n y v en erabl e a n c est ral t rees to

G
 82 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
branch from A t th e first Birmingham show in 1 860 L ord
.
, ,

Bagot brought out a t eam from a strain whi ch had b een in

his lordship s family for two c enturi es a n d at t he sam e ex
’
,

hi bit ion th ere was en t ered p robably on e of t he b est Blood

hounds ev er s een in Mr T A J en n i n g s D ruid K n own now
, . . .
’
.

as O ld D ruid this dog was got by L ord Fav ersham s ,

’

R aglan out of Baro n R othschild s historic bitch Fu ry and ’

,

his blood go es down in collat eral v ei n s through Mr L G . . .

Mo rrel s Margrav e Pri n ce A lb ert S olrn s D ruid and Mr

’

,
’

, .

E dwi n B rough s Napi er i n to t h e p ed igr ees of man y of t he

’

c el ebrat ed hounds of t he pres en t day .

A n oth er famous D ruid—grandsi re of Colon el Cowen s ’

—
hou n d of the n am e was own ed by the Hon G rantl ey B erk e .

ley . This typical dog was unsu rpass ed in his tim e a n d his ,

tal en t in followi n g a lin e of sc en t was astonishi n g His only .

bl emish was on e of charact er for although usually as ,

good t emp ered as most of th e b reed a re h e was easily a rous ed

-
,

to u n controllabl e fits of savage an ger .

Qu een Victoria at various tim es was t he poss essor of

on e or mor e fi n e sp ecim en s of t h e Bloodhou n d p rocu red for ,

h er by Sir E dwin L a n ds eer a n d a capital hou n d from t he ,

Hom e Pa rk K en n els at Windsor was exhibit ed at t he London

Show in 1 869 t he j udg e on t he occasio n b ei n g the R ev Thomas
, .

P earc e aft erwards k n own as

,
Idsto n e L an ds eer was .

esp ecially fo n d of pai n ti n g t he maj estic Bloodhou n d a n d he ,

usually s el ect ed good mod els for his studi es The mod el .

for t he hou n d in hi s well k n own picture D ign ity and I m -

,

”
p u d en ce was G ,
rafton who was a collat eral r elativ
, e of
Capt ai n J W Clayton s c el eb rat ed Luath XI
. .
’
.

Four sup erlativ e Bloodhou n ds of t he past sta n d out in

u n mistakabl e emi n en c e as t he fou n d ers of recogni s ed st rains .

Th ey ar e Mr J en ni n g s O ld D ruid Colo n el Cow en s D ruid

’ ’
.
, ,

Mr R eyn old R ay s R osw ell an d Captai n Clayton s Luath XI

.
’

,
’

a n d t h e own er of a Bloodhou n d whi ch ca n be t rac ed back in

direct li n e of d esc en t to a n y on e of th es e four patriarchs may

pri d e hims elf upon poss essi n g a d og of un imp eachabl e p edigree .
84 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
m ean average h eight of adult dogs is 26 i n ch es a n d of adult bitch es 24
i n ch es D ogs usually vary from 25 i n ch es to 27 in ch es an d bitch es
.

from 23 i n ch es to 25 i n ch es but in eith er cas e t h e great er h eight is

to b e p referred p rovid e d that charact er a n d quality are also com
bi n ed W ei gh t —Th e m ean av erag e weight of adult dogs in fair con
,

ditio n is 9 0 pou n ds a n d of adult bitch es 8 0 pou n ds D ogs attain t h e .

weight of 1 1 0 pou n ds bitch es 1 0 0 pou n ds T h e gre at er weights are

, .

to b e p referred p rovid e d ( as in t h e cas e of h eight) that quality a n d

p ropo rtio n a re also combi n ed E xpressio n —Th e exp ressio n is n obl e
,

an d dign ifi e d a n d char act eris e d by sol e m n ity wisdom a n d po wer

T empera m en t —I n t emp eram en t h e is e xt rem ely aff e ctio n at e quarrel
.
,

som e n eith er with compa n io n s n or with oth er dogs H is n atu re is .

som ewhat shy a n d equally s en sitiv e to ki n dn ess or co rrectio n by his

mast er H ea d—Th e h ead is n arro w in p ropo rtio n to its l en gth a n d lo n g
,

in p ropo rtio n to t h e body tap eri n g but slightly from t h e t empl es ,

to t h e en d of t h e muzzl e thus ( wh en vi ewed from abov e an d in fro n t )

havi n g t h e app eara n c e of b ei n g fl att en ed at t h e sid es an d of b ei n g n early
e qual in W idth th roughout its en tire l en gth I n p rofil e t h e upp er .

outli n e of t h e skull is n early in t h e sam e plan e as that of t h e fo refac e .

T h e l en gth from en d of n os e to stop ( midway b e tween t h e ey e s ) should

b e n ot l ess tha n that from stop to back of occipital p rotub era n c e ( p eak ) .

T h e en tire l en gth of h ead from t h e post erio r pa rt of t h e o ccipital pro

t ub era n ce to t h e en d of t h e muzzl e should b e 1 2 i n ch es or mo re in dogs
S k ull—Th e skull is lo n g a n d
, , ,

a n d 1 1 i n ch es or mo re in bitch e s
, , .

n arro w with t h e occipital p e ak v ery p ro n ou n c e d

, Th e b ro ws a re n ot .

p romin en t although o wi n g to t h e d eep s et ey es th ey may hav e that

ap p eara n c e F o refa c e—Th e fo refac e is lo n g d eep an d of ev en width
-
, , ,

throughout with squa re outli n e wh en s een in p rofil e E yes —T h e ey es

.
, ,

.
,

a re d eeply su n k in t h e o rbits t h e lids assumi n g a loz en g e or diamo n d ,

shap e in co n s equ en c e of t h e lo wer lids b ei n g d ragg ed do wn an d evert e d

,

by t h e h eav y fl ews T h e ey es co rrespo n d with t h e g en eral to n e of

.

colou r of t h e a n imal varyi n g from d eep haz el to y ello w T h e haz el

, .

colou r is ho wev er to be p referred although very s eldom s een in red

E ars—
, , ,

an d t a n hou n ds
-
T h e e ar s a re thi n a n d soft to t h e touch ,
.

e xt rem ely lo n g s et v ery low a n d fall in grac eful folds t h e lo wer p arts
cu rli n g i n wards a n d backwa rds W rin k l e—Th e h ead is fu rn ish e d with
, , ,

.
-

a n amou n t of loos e ski n which in n early ev ery positio n app e a rs sup er

abu n da n t but mo re pa rticula rly so wh en t h e h ead is ca rri e d low ;
,

t h e ski n th en falls in to loos e p en dulous ridg es a n d folds e sp e cially

over t h e fo reh ead a n d sid e s of t h e fac e Nostrils—T h e n ostrils a re lar ge
, ,

L i ps Flows a n d D ewla p—I n fro n t t h e lips fall squarely

.

a n d op en .
, ,

makin g a right an gl e with t h e upp er lin e of t h e fo reface wh ilst b ehin d

-
,

th ey fo rm d eep ha n gi n g fl ows an d b ei n g co n ti n u e d i n to t h e p en d en t
, , ,

folds of loos e skin about t h e n eck co n stitut e t h e d ewlap which is v ery , ,

p ro n ou n c ed T h e s e char act ers a re fou n d though in a l ess d e gree in

Nec k S h oul d ers a n d Ch es t —Th e n e ck is lo n g t h e should ers
.
, ,

t h e bitch .
, , ,

muscular a n d well S lop e d backwards ; t h e ribs are well sp ru n g a n d ,

t h e ch e st well let do wn b e tween t h e fo rel e gs fo rmi n g a d eep k eel

L eg s a n d F eet—T h e fo re l e gs a re straight a n d la rg e in bo n e with elbo ws
.
,
-
,

s quarely s et ; t h e feet stro n g a n d well k n uckl e d up ; t h e thighs an d

s eco n d thighs ( gaskin s ) are v ery muscula r ; t h e h ook s well b en t an d
 T H E BL O O D HO U N D 85

let do wn an d s quarely s et B ack an d Loin s — T h e back an d loi n s are

S tern —T h e st em is lo n g
.

s tro n g t h e latt er d eep an d slightly ar ch e d

, .

an d tap eri n g an d s et on rath er high with a mod erat e amou n t of hair

u n d ern eath Gait—T h e gait is elastic swin gin g a n d free—t h e st ern
,

.
, ,

b ein g carri e d high but n ot too much curl ed ov er t h e back Colo ur

T h e colou rs are black a n d t an r ed an d — t a n a n d tawn y—th e dark er
.
,
- - -
, ,

colou rs b ein g som etim es in t ersp ers ed with light er or badger coloure d -

hair a n d som etim es fl eck ed with whit e A sm all amou n t of white is

.

p ermissibl e on ch est f eet an d tip of st ern

, , .
 CHA PTE R XIV
T HE O T T E R HO UND

THE O tt erhound is a d esc en dan t of old South ern Houn d

t he ,

and th ere is r eason to b eli ev e that all hounds hun ti n g th eir

quarry by n os e had a similar sourc e Why t he breed was first
.

called t h e South ern Houn d or wh en his us e b ec am e practical

,

in Great B ritai n must be subj ects of co n j ectu re ; but that

,

th ere was a hound good en ough to hold a lin e for many ho urs
is accredit ed in histo ry that go es very far back i n to past
c en turi es The houn d r equired three c en turi es ago even was
.

all th e b ett er est eem ed for b ei n g slow a n d u n swervi n g on a

li n e of sc en t and in man y parts of th e Ki n gdom up to withi n
, ,

half that p eriod t h e s o call ed South ern Hou n d had b een

,
-

esp ecially employ ed . I n D evo n shi re a n d W al es t he last

sign of him in his pu rity was p erhaps wh en Capt ai n Hopwood
hun t ed a small pack of houn ds v ery similar in charact er on t he
fi t ch or pol e cat
-
t h e modus op era n di b eing to fin d the
foragi n g groun ds of t he animal and th en on a li n e that might
,

be two days old hu n t hi m to his lai r oft en en ough t en or twelve

,

mil es off
.

Wh en this sort of huntin g disapp eared and imp roved ,

id eas of fox hun ti n g c am e into vogu e th ere was n othi n g

-
,

l eft for th e South ern Hou n d to do but to hun t t h e ott er He .

may hav e do n e thi s b efore at vari ous p eriods but history ,

rath er t en ds to S how that ott er hun tin g was origi n ally asso
-

cia t ed with a mix ed pack and som e of Sir Walt er Scott s

,
’

pag es s eem to i n dicat e that the D an d i e D i n mont and ki n dred

Scottish t erri ers had a good d eal to do with t he sport It is .

mo re than probabl e that t he rough coat ed t erri er is id entical

-

86
88 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
—
man y mo re packs than form erly in all tw enty on e for the ,
-

Uni t ed Ki n gdom .

The spo rt of ott er h u n ti n g is d ecid edly i n creasi n g as th ere

-
,

h av e b een s ev eral hu n ts sta rt ed withi n t h e last six yea rs .

Th ere ca n well be man y mo re as acco rdi n g to t h e opi n io n of

, ,

th at exc ell en t autho rity t h e lat e R ev ,

O tt er D avi es as .
,

h e was always call ed th ere a re ott ers on every riv er ; but

, ,

owi n g to t h e n oct urnal and myst erious habits of t he an imals ,

th ei r wh ereabouts or exist en c e is s eldom kn own or even ,

susp ect ed Hunti n g th em is a v ery b eautiful spo rt an d t h e

.
,

qu estio n aris es as to wh eth er the pure O tt erhou n ds S hould n ot

be mo re g en erally us ed than th ey a re at p res en t It is oft en .

ass ert ed that th eir con t in ired exposur e to wat er has caus ed a
good d eal of rh eumatism in t he b reed that th ey S how a ge ,

soo n er than oth ers an d that t he puppi es a re difficult to rear

, .

Th ere a re however man y advan tag es in havi n g a p ur e b reed

, , ,

a n d th ere is much to say f or t h e p erf ect wo rk of th e O tt erhou n d .

Th e sc en t of t he ott er is possibly t he sweet est of all t rails l eft

by anim als On e can n ot un derstan d how it is that an an imal
.

swimmi n g two or three feet from t h e bottom of a ri v er bed and -

t h e sam e from t h e su rfac e s h ould l eav e a cl ean li n e of burni n g

scent that may remai n for twelve or eight een hours The .

suppositio n must be that the sc en t from th e animal at first

d escends and is th en always rising A t an y rat e t he old est .
,

Foxhound or Harri er that has n ev er touch ed ott er is at o n ce

in ravishi n g excit em en t on it a n d all dogs will hu n t it Th e
, .

t erri er is n ev er k een er than wh en h e hits on such a li n e .

The Foxhou n d so wond erful in his fo rward dash may hav e

, ,

too much of it for ott er hunti n g Th e ott er is so wary His . .

h olt can v ery w ell be p ass ed his d eli cious sc en t may be over
,

ru n but t he pure b red O tt erhoun d is equal to all occasio n s

-
.

He is t erribly c ert ai n on t he trail wh en h e fin ds it Nothi n g .

can throw him off it a n d wh en his d eep not e swells i n to a

,

sort of savag e howl as h e lifts hi s h ead towards th e roots of

,

—
som e old pollard th ere is a m ean i n g in it n o mistak e has b een
,

mad e I n every part of a run it is t he sam e t he ott er dodg es

.
 T HE O T T E RHOUN D 89

up stream a n d do wn lan ds for a mom en t r eturn s to his holt

, ,

but his adversari es are al ways with him an d as on e s ees th eir ,

st eady wo rk t he imp ressio n b ecom es s t ro n g er an d stro n ger

that for t he real spo rt of ott er hu n ti n g th ere is n othi n g as -

good as t he pure b red O tt erhou n d Th ere is som ethi n g

-
.

so di gn ifi ed an d n obl e about t h e hou n d of unsulli ed st rain

t h at if you o n c e s ee a good on e you will n ot soo n forget hi m .

He is a larg e hou n d as h e w ell n eeds to be for t he varmi n t

, ,

who is his customary quarry is t he wild est most vicious an d , , ,

for its siz e t h e most po werful of all B ritish wild an imals

, ,

t h e i n v et erat e poach er of our salmo n str eams and co n s equ en tly ,

to be m ercil essly slaught er ed although always in S porti n g ,

fashi o n To be equal to such pr ey t he houn d must hav e a

.
,

Bulldog s courage a Newfou n dl an d s stren gth in wat er

’
,
’

a Point er s n os e a R etri ev er s sagacity t h e stami n a of the

’
,
’
,

Foxhoun d t h e pati en c e of a B eagl e t he i n t elli gen ce of a

, ,

Colli e .

T HE P E R FE CT OTTE R H OUND has Hea d —Th h ad e e , whi ch

b een d es crib e d as som t i g b t th at of a B loo dhou n d an d that
e h n e ween
of a F o xhou n d is mo re h ard an d ru gged th an eith er W ith a n arro w
fo reh ead as cen din g to a mod erat e p eak E ars—Th e ears are lo n g an d
, .

.
,

s weepin g but n ot feath ered do wn to t h e tips s et low an d lyin g fl at to

E y es —
, ,

t h e ch eeks Th e ey es are la rg e dark an d d eeply s et havin g

.
, ,

a p e culi arly thoughtful exp ressio n T h ey s ho w a co n sid erabl e am ou n t

of t h e h aw Nos e—Th e n os e is large an d well d ev elop ed t h e n ostrils
.

Muzzl e—
.
,

ex p an di n g Th e muzzl e well p rot e ct e d from wiry h air Th e

—
. .

j aw erv y po we rful w ith d ee p fl ew s N ec k Th e n e ck is st ro n g a n d .

muscular but rath er lo n g T h e d ewlap is loos e an d fold ed Ch es t

‘

,
—
. .

c t d p capacious but too w id T h e back is

stro n g wid e an d arch ed S h oul d ers —T h e should ers ought to be
T h e h es ee a n
, d n ot e B a ck
, .

slopi n g t h e arms an d thighs substa n ti al an d muscular F eet —

, .

, T h e fee t .
,

fairly l arg e a n d s p readin g with fi rm pads a n d stro n g n ails to resist

sharp rocks S tern—Th e st ern wh en t h e hou n d is at wo rk is carri e d
,

g aily lik e that of a rough W elsh H a rri er I t is thick a n d well covered

Coa t —
.
, ,

t o s erv e as a rudd er Th e coat is wi ry h ard lo n g a n d clos e

.
, ,

at t h e roots imp ervious to wat er Colouh Grey or bu ff or y ello wish

—
.
, , , ,

or black o r ,rufus red mix e d w ith black ,o r gr e y H ei gh t 22 to 24 .

i n ch es .
 C HA P TE R XV
T HE I R I SH W O L FHO UND

IT is now som e thirty y ears since an important controv ersy

was carri ed on in the columns of The L ive S tock Journ al
on t he natur e and history of t he gr eat Irish W olfhou n d .

Th e chi ef di sputants in t h e d iscussio n w ere Captain G A . .

G rah am of D ursley Mr G W Hickman Mr F A dcock and

, , . . .
, . .
,

th e R ev M B Wyn n and t he main point as issu e was wh eth er

. . .
,

th e dog th en imp erfectly known as t he Irish Wolfd og was

a tru e d escendant of t he anci ent Ca n is grain s Hibern icus ,

or wh eth er it was a m ere man ufactured mongrel owing its ,

origin to an admixture of t he G reat D ane an d the dog of the

Pyren ees mo di fi ed and b rought to typ e by a cross with t he
,

.
—
Highland D eerhound It was not doubt ed i n deed history ,

a n d tra d ition cl early att est ed

— that th ere had exist ed in
early tim es in Ir elan d a v ery larg e and rugg ed hound of G r ey

hou n d form whos e vocation it was to hunt t he wolf the red

, ,

d eer a n d the fox It was assuredly known to t he R omans

,
.
,

and th er e ca n be littl e doubt that th e hug e dog S amr which ,

J arl G un n ar got from t he Irish ki n g Myrk iart on in t he t enth

c entury and took back with him to Norway was on e of this ,

breed But it was suppos ed by man y to have b ecom e extinct

.

soon aft er th e disapp earan c e of t he last wolf in Ireland and it ,

was t he endeavour of Captai n G rah am to d emo n strat e that

sp ecim en s although admitt edly d eg en erat e w ere still to be
, ,
'

foun d a n d that th ey w ere capabl e of b ei n g restored to a

,

s emblanc e of th e original typ e .

At t h e tim e wh en h e en t ered i n to t he cont rov ersy Captain ,

Graham had b een actively i n t eresti n g hims elf for som ething
lik e a sco re of years in t he resuscitation of t he breed and his ,

90
9 2 D OG S A N D A LL A B OU T T HE M
The result of Capt ai n Graham s i n vestigations wh en s eek ’

in g for a n imals b eari n g som e relationship to t he original

I rish Wolfe D ogge was th at three strai n s were to be foun d
in I rela n d but n o n e of t h e repres en tativ es at that tim e was
,

y t hi n g lik e so la rg e as thos e m entio n ed in early writi n gs ,

an d th ey all app eared to hav e d et erio rat ed in bo n e

a n d substa n c e Sir J Power of Kilfan e was respon sibl e for
. .
, ,

on e li n e Mr Bak er of B a lly t obin for an oth er an d Mr

, .
, , , .

Mahon ey of D romo re for t he remai n i n g strai n From bitch es

, , .

obtai n ed from two of th es e k en n els Captai n G rah am by , ,

crossin g th em with th e Great D an e an d Scottish D eerhoun d

, ,

achi ev ed t he first st ep towards produci n g t h e an imal that h e

d esired L at er on t he R ussian W olfhoun d b ett er kn own
.
,

as t he Borzoi a n exceed i n gly large hound was i n troduced

, , ,

as also were on e or two oth er larg e breeds of dogs .

Th e i n t ermixtu re of th es e can i n e gian ts however was n ot , ,

at first v ery satisfactory as although pl enty of bon e was ,

obt ai n ed man y w ere most un gai n ly in app earan ce a n d ill

,

S hap ed an imals tha t h a d v ery littl e about th em to attract

att en tion Captain G rah am , however stuck to his work

.
, ,

a n d v ery soo n t h e sp ecim en s that h e brought forward b egan

to Show a fixit y of typ e both in h ead an d in g en eral outlin e .

Brian was on e of hi s b est dogs but he was n ot very larg e as , ,

h e o n ly stood j ust ov er thirty inch es at t h e should er Bansh ee .

a n d Fin t ra gh w ere oth ers but probably t he b est of Capt ain ,

G raham s k en n el was the bitch Sh eelah It was n ot however

’
.
, ,

u n ti l towards t he en d of t h e last c en tury that th e most

p erfect dogs w ere bred Th es e i n clud ed O Leary the prop erty.
’

of Mr Crisp of Playford Hall O L eary is res pon sible for

.
,
.
’

man y of t h e b est dogs of t h e pres en t day an d was t he sire of ,

Mrs P ercy Sh owell s Ch Cotswold who is u n doubt edly t he

’
.
. ,

gran d est I rish W olfhoun d ever bred I n h eight Cotswold .

stands 3 4 5 i n ch es an d is th erefo re p erhaps t h e larg est dog of

a n y br eed n ow aliv e .

I n 1 90 0 Mr Cri 5 p b red Kilcull en from O L eary thi s dog

’
.
,

winni n g t he champio n ship at th e K en n el Club Show at the

 T H E I R IS H WOL F HOU ND 93

Crystal Palac e in 1 90 2 un d er Captai n Graham This was .

t h e y ear t h e I ri sh W olfhou n d Club p res en t ed t h e hou n d

R aj ah of Kidn al as a regim en tal p et to t he n ewly form ed Irish
G uards .

R aj ah of Kid n al who was bred an d exhi bit ed by Mrs A , . .

G erard of Malpas was t h e s el ection of Capt ai n Grah am an d

, ,

t wo oth er j udges Thi s dog whi ch has b een ren am ed B ri an

.
,

Boru is still h earty an d well a n d was at his post on St

, ,
.

Patrick s D ay 1 90 9 wh en t he sham rock that had b een

’
, ,

s en t by Her Maj esty Qu een Al exan dra was han d ed to th e

men .

Mrs G erard o wn ed
. of t he larg est k enn els of I rish Wolf on e

houn ds in E n glan d a n d amo n gst h er man y good dogs an d ,

bitch es was Cheevra who was a wo n d erful brood bitch a n d , ,

i n clud ed amo n gst h er stock w ere s ev eral that wo rk ed th ei r

m
way up to cham on ship ho n ou rs She was th e dam of R aj ah
of Kid n a l .

B esid es B allyhooley Mr W Williams own ed a go od dog

'

. .
,

in Fin n by B ri an II Fin n produc ed Miss P a ck e s Wickham .

’

L a v en gro a black a n d t an dog that has won s ev eral p riz es

, .

Som e j udg es a re oppos ed to givi n g priz es to Irish Wolfli oun d s

of this colour but Captai n G raham did n ot obj ect to it Fin n
, .

was a v ery h eavy dog a n d weigh ed 1 4 8 lbs , .

A houn d that has b een of gr eat b en efit to t he b reed in I re

land is Ch M ar quis of D o n egal t he prop erty of Mr Marti n
.
, . .

Amo n gst t h e bitch es that have b een i n strum en tal in build

in g up t h e b reed to its p res en t high stat e of exc ell en c e is
Pri n cess Pat ricia of Co n naught who is by D ermot A store out
of Ch eevra an d is t h e dam of Ch Cotswold Patricia S he is
, . .

on e of t h e tall es t of h er rac e h er h eight b ei n g 3 3 in ch es ; ,

an oth er bitch that m easu res t h e sam e numb er of in ch es at

t he should er b ei n g Dr Pitts Tuck er s Jun o of t he F en a
’
-
.
,

daught er of Ch W argrav e . .

Mr E v erett of Felixsto we is n ow on e of t he most succ essful

.
, ,

b reed ers He exhibit ed at t he 1 90 8 K en n el Club S how a

.

most promising young dog in Felix stowe Kilro n an with which ,

 D OG S AN D ALL A B O UT T HE M
he was s eco n d to Mrs Sh owell s Ch Cotswold of whom he
.
’
.
,

is n ow k en n el compan io n A t t he sam e S how Miss Cli fford of

.
,

R yde exhi bit ed a good hound in Wild croft an oth er of

, ,

D ermot As t ore s son s a n d oth er support ers of t he breed a re

’

L ady Kathl een Pilki n gton Mr T Hamilto n A dams Mr G H , . .

, . . .

Thur sto n Mr B ai l ey Mrs F Marshall Mr J L T D obbi n

, .
, . .
, . . . .
,

a n d Miss E th el McCh ea n e .

Th e followi n g is t he d escriptio n of t he vari ety as d rawn

up by th e Club
Gen eral A ppeara n ce T h e r —
I ish o f ou d shouldW lh n q uit so n ot b e e
h vy massiv as
ea or e at a but mo so tha
t h e Gre D n e, re hou d n t h e D eer n ,
w hich in g al typ
en er should oth is
e he s mbl
erw e re e g at siz e Of re . e
an d comma di g app a a c v y muscula st o g y though g ac
n n e r n e, er r, r n l r e
fully built mov m ts asy
; e en e activ h ad
an d e ; ck c i d igh
e an d n e arr e h ;
t ca i d ith
t h e ail rr e w up a d s p ith a slight cu v to a ds
an w r wee , w r e w r
xt mity
t h e e re . mi imum h ight
Th e n e ight of dogs should
an d we be
31 n i ch s e an d 1 20 pou ds of bitch s
n , i ch se 28 n p ou d
e an d 9 0 n s A ny .

thi g b lo t s should
n e w hi d ba d f om com p titio
be e rre r at siz
e n Gre e, .

i cludi g h ight at should

n n e p opo tio at l gth of body is
er a n d r r n e en , th e
d sid atum to
e er aim d at
be e it is d si d fi mly to t blish a ac
, an d e re r es a r e
that hall av ag f om
S er e r i ch s to
32 n i ch s
e 34 ndogs sho i g
e in w n th e
—L o g ,

re quisit po
e activity cou ag
wer, , r symm t y
e, a n d e r H ea d .n , the
f o ta bo s of
r n l ne fo h ad v y slightly s d
t he re e er v y littl
rai e an d er e in
d tatio b t
en n y s
e ween t h e e e kull S too b oad muzzl o g
. n ot r ; e l n an d
mod at ly p oi t d a s small yhou d lik
d G ca iag e in
— ath lo g v y st o g
er e n e ; e r an r e n -
rr e .

muscula ll a ch d ithout
r , we e , w
—
Neck R er n , er r n an d r
d lap
ew an d loos ski about
e n th oatt he r V y d p b ast
Ch es t er ee , re
il—L o g
e

B a ck —R
.

w e id . ath lo g tha sho t L oi s a ch d

er n n r n r . e Ta n .

an d slightly cu v d of mod at thick ss ll cov d ith h

, an d we w air
ll — l d a
r e , er e ne ere
— hould s muscula gi i g
.

Be y W el r wnup o .u F re-q arters S er r, v n

b adth of ch st
re e lopi g lbo s ll u d
, s et S n , e w we ith tu d i a d
n er, n e er rn e nw r s
n or out a ds
w r — o a m muscula
L eg F re r hol st o g
r an d t h e w e leg an d
— uscula thighs
. r n
q uit st aight
e r . u
Hin d -q art ers M r s co d thig
, an d e n h
lo g
n an dst o g as
r n yhou d
in t h e Gre ll do
n , a n d h ook s we let wn an d
tu i g ith
rn n ne out
er in n or — od at ly la g
. F eet M er e ou d ith
r e an d r n , ne er
tu d i a ds
rn e nw r out a ds to s
n or w r a ch d
e wel clos d a l v y
l r e an d e , n i s er
st o g
r n an d cu v d r e i — ough
Ha r R
. ha d body l gs
an d r on h ad , e , an d e
sp cially i y w r an d nlo g ov y s u d an d lo
n er j aw Co ur a n d Mark
—
e e er e e .

in gs cog is d colou s
T h e re g y b i dl black p u
e, red , hit re w
— light
n e r are re , r n , e,
fa wn , or an y colou that app a s
r hou d
e r in t h e D eer n F a ult s . T oo
or h a y h ad too highly a ch d f o tal bo la g a s
e v in e , r e r n n e, ha gi g
r e e r an d n n
fl at to the fac sho t ck full d lap too
e ; r ne ; ew o ; too b oad
n arr w or r
a ch st su k
e n en an dhol o quit l v l back b t fo l gs ov
l w or e e e ; e n r e -
e ; er
b en t fetlocks twist ed feet sp readi n g to es too cu rly a tail weak
h i n d quar t ers cow h ook s a n d a g en eral wa n t of mu s cl e ; too sho rt
-
, ,

in body .
96 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
Swift foot ed Luath
-
an d Wh it e breast ed B ran -

a mo n g th e n am es of Os s ian s hounds I am dispos ed to

’
.

affirm that th e old Irish Wolfho und an d th e Highland D eer

houn d are n ot o n ly i n timat ely alli ed in form a n d n atur e but ,

that th ey a re two strai n s of an id en tical b reed alt ered o n ly ,

in siz e by ci rcumsta n c e and en viro n m ent .

What ev er t he sourc e of t h e Highlan d D eerhoun d a n d at ,

what ever p eriod it b ecam e disti n ct from its now larg er Irish
relativ e it was recogn is ed as a n ativ e dog in Scotland in v ery
,

early tim es an d it was disti n guish e d as b ei n g sup eri o r in

,

stren gth a n d b eauty to t h e hou n ds of t he Picts .

From remot e days t he Scottish nobl es ch erish ed th eir strai ns

of D eerhound s eeki n g glo rious sport in t he Highlan d forests
, .

The red d eer b elo n g ed by i n exo rabl e law to th e kings of

Scotlan d a n d great drives which oft en last ed for s ev eral days
, , ,

were mad e to roun d up t he h erds into giv en n eighbourhoods

for t he pl easu re of t he court as in t he reign of Qu een Ma ry
, .

But t he o rganis ed coursin g of d eer by courti ers c eas ed during

t h e Stuart t roubl es a n d was l eft in t h e hands of ret ai n ers
, ,

who thus repl en ish ed th eir chi ef s lard er ’

.

Th e revival of d eerstalki n g dat es back hardly furth er than

a hu n dr ed y ea rs It reach ed its gr eat est popularity in t he
.

Highlands at th e tim e wh en t he lat e Qu een a n d Pri n c e Alb ert

were in resid en c e at Balmoral Solomon Hector and B ran .
, ,

w ere amo n g the Balmo ral houn ds B ran was an esp ecially .

—
fin e a n imal o n e of t he b est of his tim e sta n di n g over thirty ,

i n ch es in h eight .

Two hi sto ric feats of stren gth and enduran c e illustrat e t h e

t en acity of the D eerhou n d at work A brac e of half br ed .
-

dogs n am ed P ercy a n d D ouglas t h e prop erty of Mr Scrop e

, , .
,

k ept a stag at bay from Saturday night to Mo n day morni n g

a n d t h e pu re b red B ran by hims elf pulled down two un

wound ed stags on e carryi n g t en and t he oth er el even ti n es

,
.

Th es e of cours e a re r eco rd p erfo rmanc es but th ey d emon

, , ,

strat e t h e possibiliti es of th e D eerhound wh en t rai n ed to hi s

natural sport .
98 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
an e xceedingly gran d S p ecim en of his rac e stro n g fram ed , ,

with pl en ty of h ai r of a blu e b ri n dl e colour Captain Graham s .

’

own dog K eild a r who had b e en t rai n ed for d eerstalk i n g in

,

Wi n dso r Park was p erhaps on e of t he most el egan t a n d

,

aristocratic looki n g D eerhou n ds ever s een His full h eight

-
.

was 3 0 i n ch es gi rth 3 3 3 i n ch es a n d weight 95 lbs hi s colou r

, , , .
,

bluish fawn slightly bri n dl ed t h e muzzl e an d ears b ei n g blu e

, , .

His n ear est comp etito r for p erf ectio n wa s aft er Hecto r , ,

probably Mr Hood Wright s B evis a darkish red b rown

.
’
,

bri n dle of about 2 9 i n ch es Mr Wri ght was t he breeder of

Chamm
. .

on S elwood Morv en who was t he c el eb rity of his rac e ,

about 1 8 97 a n d who b ecam e t he p rop erty of Mr Harry

, .

R awso n This stat ely dog was a dark h eath er bri n dl e stan d
.
,

in g 3 2 % i n ch es at t h e should er with a ch est gi rth of 3 4 ; ,

i n ch es .

A few years ago b reed ers w ere i n cli n ed to mar t he b eauty of

t he D eerhou n d by a too a n xious en d eavou r to obt ai n gr eat
siz e rat h er than to pres erv e t he g en ui n e typ e but this erro r
has b een su ffi ci en tly corr ect ed with t he result that symm etry ,

a n d el ega n c e co n j oi n ed with t h e d esi red attribut es of sp eed are

n ot sac ri fi c ed The qualiti es aim ed at n ow a re a h eight of

.

som ethi n g l ess than 3 0 i n ch es a n d a w eight n ot great er than ,

1 0 5 lbs wi t h st raight fore l egs a n d short cat lik e feet a -

,
-
,

d eep ch est with broad powerful loi n s slightly arch ed an d

, , , ,

stren gth of hi n d quart ers with w ell b en t sti fl es a n d t he hook s

-
,
-
,

w ell let down Straight sti fl es are obj ectio n abl e givi n g a
. ,

stilty app earan c e Thick should ers are equally a bl emish to

.

be avoid ed as also a too great h eavi n ess of bo n e

, Th e .

following is t he acc ept ed standard of m erit .

Hea d —Th h ead should b e b road est at t h e e ars tap eri n g sligh tly
e ,

to t h e ey es with t h e muzzl e tap erin g mo re d ecid edly to t h e n os e

, .

T h e muzzl e should b e poi n t e d but t h e t e eth a n d lips l ev el T h e h ead

, .

should b e lo n g t h e sku ll fl at rath er than rou n d with a v ery slight ris e

, ,

ov er t h e eyes but with n othi n g app roachin g a stop T h e skull should

, .

b e coat e d with mod erat ely lo n g hai r which is soft er tha n t h e rest
of t h e coat Th e n os e should b e black ( though in som e blu e fawn s
.
-

t h e colou r is blu e) a n d slightly a qu ili n e I n t h e light er colou re d dogs

,

.
-

a black muzzl e is p referre d T h ere should b e a good moustach e of

.
 T HE D E E R HO U N D 99

r ath er silky hair a n d a fai r b ea rd E ars—Th e ea rs should b e s et on high

, .
,

a n d in re pos e fold e d back lik e t h e Greyhou n d s though rais e d abov e

’

, , ,

t h e h e ad in excit em en t without losi n g t h e fold a n d ev en in som e cas es , , ,

s emi ere ct A p rick e a r is h a d A big thick ear ha n gin g fl at to t h e

-
. .
, ,

h ead or h eavily coat ed with lo n g hair is t h e wo rst of faults T h e ear

, ,
.

should b e soft glossy a n d lik e a mous e s coat to t h e touch an d t h e

, ,
’

small er it is t h e b ett er I t should hav e n o lo n g coat or lo n g fr in g e

.
,

but th er e is often a silky silvery coat on t h e body of t h e ear an d t h e ,

tip W hat ev er t h e g en eral colou r t h e e ars should b e black or dark

colou red Nec k a n d S h oul d ers—T h e n e ck should b e lo n g—tha t is
.
,

.
,

of t h e l en gth that b efits t h e Greyhou n d cha ract er of t h e do g A n .

ov er lo n g n e ck is n ot n e cessa ry n or d esirabl e f or t h e dog is n ot require d

-
, ,

to stoop in his wo rk lik e a Greyhou n d a n d it must b e rem emb ere d ,

that t h e man e which every good sp e cim en should hav e d etracts from
, ,

t h e apparen t l en gth of n e ck Mo reov er a D eerhou n d re quires a v ery .

,

stro n g n eck to hold a stag Th e n ap e of t h e n e ck should b e v ery .

p romi n en t wh ere t h e h ead is s et on a n d t h e throat should b e cl ea n cut ,

-

at t h e a n gl e a n d p romin en t T h e should ers S hould b e we ll S lop ed .

,

t h e blad e s well back with n ot too much width b etween th em L oad e d

S tern —S t ern should b e
.
,

a n d straight should ers ar e v ery bad faults .

tol erably lo n g tap erin g a n d reachi n g to within 1 5 i n ch es of t h e grou n d

, , ,

a n d ab out 1 3 i n ch es b e lo w t h e h ook s W h en t h e dog is still d ropp e d .

,

p erfectly straight do wn or cu rved Wh en in motio n it should b e , .

cu rv e d wh en excite d in n o cas e to b e lift ed out of t h e lin e of t h e b a ck

,
.

I t should b e well cov ere d with hair on t h e i n sid e thick a n d wiry u n d er , ,

sid e lo n g er a n d to wards t h e en d a slight frin ge is n ot obj e ctio n abl e

E yes —T h e ey es should b e dark
.
,

A curl or ri n g tail is v ery u n d esirab l e .

g en erally th ey ar e dark b ro wn or haz el A v ery light ey e is n ot lik ed . .

T h e ey e is mod erat ely full with a soft look in repos e but a k e en f ar , ,

a way gaz e wh en t h e dog is rous ed Th e rims of t h e eyelids should b e

black B o d y—T h e body an d g en eral fo rmatio n is that of a Greyhou n d
.

of larger siz e an d bo n e Ch est d eep rath er tha n b road but n ot too .

,

n arr o w a n d fl a t sid e d T h e loi n well a r ch e d an d d roopi n g to t h e tail

-
. .

A st raight back is n ot d esi rab l e this fo rmatio n b ein g u n suitabl e f or

goin g uphill a n d v ery u n sightly L egs an d F eet —T h e l e gs should b e
,

.
,

b road a n d fl at a good b road fo re arm an d elbo w b ei n g d esirabl e F o re

,
.

l e gs of cou rs e as strai ght as poss ibl e F eet clos e an d compact with

, , .
,

well ar ch e d to es
-
T h e hin d qua rt ers dr oopi n g a n d as b road an d
.
-
,

powerful as possibl e t h e hips b ein g s et wid e apart T h e hin d l e gs

, .
-

should b e well b en t at t h e sti fl e with great l en gth fr om t h e hip to t h e ,

h ook which should b e b road a n d fl at Cow h ook s weak past ern s

straight sti fl es a n d splay feet ar e v ery bad faults Coa t —T h e hair
, .
, ,

.
,

o n th e body n e ck an d qu art ers should b e ha rsh a n d wiry a n d about

, , ,

3 i n ch es or 4 i n ch es lo n g that on t h e h ead b reast a n d b elly is much , ,

soft er T h ere should b e a slight hairy fri n ge on t h e i n sid e of t h e f ore

.

a n d hi n d l e gs but n othi n g app roachi n g to t h e feath eri n g of a Colli e

-
,
.

T h e D e erhou n d should b e a S haggy dog but n ot o v er coat e d A woolly ,

.

coat is bad S om e good strain s hav e a slight mixtu re of silky coat

.

with t h e ha rd which is p ref erab l e to a woolly coat but t h e p rop er

, ,

cov eri n g is a thick clos e lyi n g ragged coat harsh or crisp to t h e touch
C olou r—Colou r is much a matt er of f an cy
-
.
, , ,

B ut th ere is n o ma n n er of .
1 00 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
doubt that t h e dark blu e grey is th e most p re ferred N ext com e -
.

t h e dark er an d ligh t er greys or b rin dles t h e dar k est b ein g g en erally ,

p referred Y ello w a n d san dy red or red fawn esp ecially with black
po in ts —i e ear s a n d muzzl e—are also in e qu al estimatio n th is b ein g
- -
.
,

. .
, ,

t h e colour of t h e old est k n o wn st rai n s t h e McN eil a n d t h e Ch esthill ,

Men zi es W hit e is co n d em n e d by all t h e old auth o riti e s but a whi t e

.
,

ch es t an d whit e to es occu rri n g as th ey do in a great man y of t h e

,

dark est colou re d dogs are n ot so gr eatly obj e ct e d to but t h e l ess t h e

-
, ,

b ett er as t h e D eerhou n d is a s elf colou red dog A whit e blaz e on t h e

,
-
.

h ead or a whit e collar should en tir ely disqualify I n oth er ca s es .

,

though passabl e a n att empt should b e mad e to get rid of whi t e

,

mar kin gs T h e l ess whit e th e b ett er but a sli ght whit e t ip to t h e

stern occu rs in t h e b est st rai n s H ei gh t of D o gs—F rom 28 in ch es to
.
,

3 0 in ch es or ev en mo re if th ere b e sym m etr y wi t hout coar s en ess which

ho wev er is r are H ei gh t of B itc h es —From 26 in ch es up war ds T h ere
, , ,

.
, .

ca n b e n o obj e ctio n to a bitch b ei n g lar g e u nle ss s h e is too coars e , ,

as ev en at h er great est h eight s h e do es n ot app roach th at of t h e do g ,

a n d th erefo re could n ot well b e too big f or w o rk as ov er big dogs are

, , ,
-
.

B esid es a big bitch is good f or b ree din g a n d k eepi n g up t h e siz e

W ei gh t—F rom 8 5 pou n ds to 1 05 p ou n ds in dogs
.
,

from 6 5 poun ds to
8 0 pou n ds in bitch es .

Am o n g mo re p romi n en t own ers of D eerhoun ds at th e

the
p res en t tim e are Mrs H Armstro n g Mrs W C Grew Mrs . .
, . . .
, .

J i D ickso Miss A D oxfo d M H a y R awso d

’

a n vr n n r r rr , n a n .
, .
,

Mr H McLa uchin Mrs A rmstro n g is t he b reed er of two

. . . .

behut iful dog houn ds in T alisman an d L ai rd of A bbotsfo rd ,

and of t wo t ypically good bitch es in Fai r Maid of P erth

and B rid e of Lamm ermoo r Mrs G rew o wn s man y . .

a dmi rabl e sp ecim en s amo n g th em b ein g Bl ai r A thol Ayr , ,

shir e K en ilworth a n d F erra lin e Her A yrshir e is co n sid ered

, , .

by som e j udges to be t h e most p erfect D eerhoun d exhi bit ed

for som e tim e p ast H e is som ewh at larg e p erhaps but h e is
.
, ,

throughout a houn d of excell en t quality an d charact er havi n g ,

a most typical h ead with lovely eyes a n d exp ressio n p erfect , ,

fro n t f eet an d hi n d quart ers O th er j udg es would giv e t h e

,
-
.

palm to Mr Harry R awso n s St R o n an s R a ng er who is

.
’
.
’

c ert ai nly difficult to exc el in a ll t h e charact eristics most

d esirabl e in t he br eed .
1 02 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
s eparat e poi n ts every h un dr ed yards or so round t he wood .

A pack of houn ds is s en t in to draw t he quarry a n d on t h e ,

wolves breakin g cover t h e n earest hu n t er slips his dogs Th es e .

en d eavour to s eiz e th ei r p rey by t h e n eck wh ere th ey hold him ,

un til t he h un t er arriv es thro ws h ims elf from his hors e an d

, ,

with his kn ife puts a n en d to t h e fray .

An oth er m ethod is to advan c e acros s t h e op en coun try at

i n t ervals of about t wo hu n dred yards slippi n g t he dogs at ,

a n y gam e th ey may put up .

Trials a re also h eld in R ussia Th es e tak e plac e in a larg e

.

rail ed en closure t he wolves b ei n g b rought in carts similar to

,

our d eer ca rts I n this cas e a b rac e of dogs is loos ed on t h e

.

wolf The whol e m erit of t he cou rs e is wh en t h e hoimd s ca n

.

overtak e th e wolf a n d pin him to t he grou n d so that t h e ,

k eep ers can s ecure him alive It follo ws th erefore that in .

, ,

thi s cas e also t h e hou n ds must be of e qual sp eed so that th ey ,

reach t h e wolf S imulta n eously on e dog would of cours e be , ,

un abl e to hold him .

Naturally t h e dogs have to be t rai n ed to t h e wo rk for

, ,

whi ch purpos e t he b est wolves are t ak en ali v e a n d s en t to t h e

k en n els wh ere t he youn g dogs a re taught to pin him in such
,

a man n er that he ca n n ot turn a n d us e his t eeth Th ere s eems .

to be n o reaso n why t he Bo rzoi S hould n ot be us ed for coursi n g

in thi s cou n try .

On e of t h e fi rst exampl es of t he b reed exhibit e d in E n glan d

was own ed by M essrs Hill a n d A shto n of S h effield about
.
, ,

1 88 0 at which tim e good sp ecim en s w ere import ed by t he

,

R ev J C Macdo n a a n d L ady E mily P eel whos e San d ri n gham

. . .
,

a n d Cza r excit e d g en eral admi ratio n It was th en kn own as .

t h e Sib erian W olfhou n d Som e years lat er t he D uch ess of

.

Newcastl e obtai n ed s everal fin e dogs a n d from this stock Her ,

G rac e foun d ed t he ken n el which has si n c e b ecom e so famous .

L at er still Qu een Al exan dra rec eived from t he Czar a gift

,

of a l eash of th es e stat ely hou n ds on e of th em b ein g Al ex who

, ,

quickly achi ev ed ho n ours as a c h ampio n .

Th e b reed has b ecom e as fas h io n abl e in t he Un it ed Stat es as

 T H E B OR % OI 1 03

in Great Brit ai n a n d som e exc ellen t sp ecim en s are to , be s een

at t h e an n ual s h ows at Madiso n Square G ard en s .

To tak e t he poi n ts of t h e b reed in d et ai l , t he d escriptio n of

t he p erfect Bo rzoi is as follo ws :
H ea d —T his should b lo g l a b ala n ce d a n d t h e l en gth
e n , e n , an d well , ,

from th e tip of t h e n os e to t h e ey es must b e t h e sam e as from t h e ey es ,

to t h e occiput A dog may hav e a lo n g h ead but t h e l en gth may b e

.
,

all in fro n t of t h e ey es T h e h eads of this b re e d hav e greatly imp rov e d

.

t h e last f ew y e ar s fewer appl e h ead e d sp ecim en s a n d mo re of t h e -

,

d esi red tria n gular h eads b ei n g s een T h e skull should b e fl at a n d .

n arro w t h e stop n ot p er c ept ibl e t h e muzzl e lo n g a n d tap eri n g

, T oo , .

much stress ca n n ot b e laid on t h e impo rtan ce of t h e h ead b ei n g well

fill e d up b efo re t h e ey es T h e h ead from fo reh ead to n os e should b e .
, ,

so fi n e that t h e dire ctio n of t h e bo n es a n d p rin cipal v ei n s ca n b e s een

cl e arly a n d in p rofil e should app ear rath er R oman n os ed B itch es
, .

should b e even n arro wer in h e ad than dogs Th e E yes should b e dark .

,

e xp ressiv e almo n d shap e d a n d n ot too f ar apar t

, T h e E a rs lik e thos e , .

of a Greyho un d sm all thin an d plac ed well back on t h e h ead with t h e

, , , ,

tips wh en thro wn back almost touchi n g b ehi n d t h e occiput I t is

, , .

n ot a fault if t h e dog ca n rais e his e a rs ere ct wh en e xcit e d or looki n g

a ft er gam e although som e E n glish j udg es dislik e this fr e qu en t char
,

a ct eris t ic T h e h e ad should b e carri e d som ewhat low with t h e n eck

co n ti n ui n g t h e li n e of t h e back S h oul d ers—Cl ean a n d slopin g well
.
,

back i e t h e should er blad es should almost touch on e a n oth er Ch es t

, . .
, .

-
D e ep a n d som ewhat n arro w I t must b e capacious but t h e capacity
must b e got from d epth a n d n ot from b arrel ribs—a bad fault in
.
,
”

a ru n n in g hou n d B a c k —R ath er bo n y a n d free from an y cavity in t h e

,

. ,

s pi n al colum n t h e ar ch in t h e back b ei n g mo re mark e d in t h e dog tha n

L o in s—B road a n d v ery powerful sho wi n g pl en ty of
,

in t h e bitch
muscular d evelopm en t T h i gh s— L o n g a n d well d ev elop e d with
.
,

.
,

good s e co n d thigh T h e muscl e in t h e B o rzoi is lo n ger than in t h e

R i bs —S lightly sp ru n g v ery d eep r eachi n g to t h e e lbo w
.

Greyhou n d
F o re-l eg s —L e a n a n d st raight
. .
, ,

S e en from t h e fro n t th ey should b e .

n a rro w a n d from t h e sid e b road at t h e should er a n d n arr o wi n g gradually

do wn to t h e foot t h e bo n e app e arin g fl at an d n ot rou n d as in t h e

H in d l eg s—T h e l e ast thi n g u n d er t h e body wh en sta n di n g
,

F oxhou n d .
-

still n ot strai ght an d t h e sti fl e slightly b en t T h ey should

, ,
”
of cou rs e .
, ,

b e st raight as r ega rds e ach oth er a n d n ot cow ho ok e d but straight -

hin d l egs imply a wa n t of sp ee d F eet—L ik e thos e of t h e D eerhou n d

, ,

Co a t —
.
,

r ath er lo n g T h e to e s clos e tog eth er a n d well arch e d

. L on g .
,

silky n ot woolly eith er fl at wavy or cu rly On t h e h ead e ars a n d

, , , .
, ,

fro n t l egs it should b e sho rt a n d smooth ; on t h e n e ck t h e frill should

-

b e p rofus e a n d r ath er cu rly on t h e ch e st an d t h e re st of t h e body t h e ,

tail a n d hi n d quart ers it should b e lo n g ; t h e fo re l e gs b ei n g we ll

- -

fe ath ere d T ail—L o n g well fe ath ered a n d n ot gaily carri ed It

,

.
.
, ,

should b e carri e d well do wn almost touchi n g t h e grou n d H ei gh t , .

D ogs from 29 i n ch e s up wards at should er bitch es from 27 i n ch es ,

up war ds ( Origi n ally 27 i n ch e s a n d 26 i n ch es A ltere d at a g en eral

F a ults —
. .

me etin g of t h e B o rzoi Club h eld F eb ruary H ead sho rt , ,

1 04 DOG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
an d thick too much stop parti colou re d n os e eyes too wid e ap art -

h eavy e ars h eavy should ers wid e ch est ; b arrel ribb ed d ew

claws elbo ws tu rn e d out wid e b ehin d Also light eyes a n d ov er or
u n d ershot j aws Colour—T h e Club stan da rd mak es n o m en tio n of
.

colou r W hit e o f cou rs e should p re domin at e ; fawn l emo n o ran ge

.
, , , , ,

b ri n dle blu e slat e an d black markin gs are met with T oo much

, , .

of t h e latt er or black an d t an markin gs are dislik ed W hol e colou red

, , .

dogs are also s een .

Th e foregoi n g d escriptio n embodi es t he standard of poi n ts

as laid down and adopt ed by t he Bo rzoi Club i n t erpolat ed ,

with som e remarks for t h e furth er guidan c e of t he n ovic e .

The Bo rzoi Club was fou n d ed in 1 8 92 a n d n ow co n sists of ,

about fifty m emb ers with t h e D uk e an d D uch ess of Newcastl e

,

as j oi n t presid en ts It do es much good wo rk for t he breed

-
.
,

guaran t eei n g class es at shows wh ere oth erwis e few or no n e ,

would be giv en en couragi n g t h e b reedi n g of high class Borzois

,
-

by o fferi n g its valuabl e challen g e cups and oth er S p ecial priz es ,

and gen erally looki n g aft er t he i n t erests of the b reed .

Although th e Club stan dard of h eight has b een rais ed from

2 7 a n d 2 6 i n ch es to 2 9 and 2 7 i n ch es for dogs and bitch es

resp ectively it must be born e in mind that the b est dogs of to

,

day far exceed th es e m easurem en ts a n d u n l ess exception a lly , ,

good in oth er points a dog of 2 9 i n ch es at should er would,

stand littl e or n o chan c e in t h e showi n g und er the maj ority of

E ngli sh j udg es indeed bitch es of 2 9 to 3 0 i n ch es a re by n o
,

m eans un common .

Not man y of us can affo rd to start at t he top of t he tr ee a n d , ,

exc ept for t h e favour ed f ew to whom mo n ey is n o obj ect ,

and who can buy ready mad e champio n s th ere is n o b ett er -

,

way of starti n g a k en n el than to pu rch as e a r eally good bitch ,

on e say
, capabl e of wi n n i n g at all but the mo re importan t
,

shows She must be of good p edigree stro n g an d h ealthy ;

.
, ,

such an on e ought to be obtai n ed for £ 1 5 upwards Mat e her .

to the b est dog whos e blood n icks suitably with h ers but ,

do n ot wast e tim e and mo n ey b reedi n g from fourt h rat e stud -

dogs for if you do it is c ertai n you wi ll o n ly m eet with dis ap

,

poi n tm en t On t he ot h er h an d if you have had little or n o

.
,

exp eri en c e of dogs you may possibly prefer to start with

,
1 06 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
qu en tly than fi v e tim es a day to n ewly wean ed puppi es— an d
may co n sist of porridg e bread a n d milk ra w m eat mi n ced
, ,

fin e an d a n y tabl e scraps with pl en ty of n ew milk

, , W ell .

boil ed paun ch is also greatly appreciat ed an d b ein g easily , ,

digest ed may be given freely

,
.

On e impo rta n t part of t h e puppy s educatio n that must by

’

n o m e a n s be n egl e ct ed is to accustom him to go on t h e collar

a n d l ead Borzoi pups a re as a rule extrem ely n ervous a n d

.
, ,

it requires great pati en c e in som e cas es to t rai n th em to t h e

l ead S h o rt l esson s should be given wh en about four mo n ths
.

old If you can i n duc e t h e puppy to thi n k it is a n ew gam e

.
,

w ell an d good— h e will tak e to it n at urally but o n c e h e looks

upo n it as som et h i n g to be dr ead ed it m ean s hours of pati en t ,

wo rk to b reak h im in .

If you d ecid e on comm en ci n g with a b rood bitch s ee that ,

s h e is dos ed for wo rms b e fo re visiti n g t h e dog that s h e is in

n —
good hard co ditio n ot fat howev er a n d if possibl e
n , , ,

accompan y h er you rs elf a n d s ee her mat ed F or t he first week .

rath er l ess tha n h er usual qua n tity of food should be giv en

aft erwards feed as h er app eti t e dictat es but do n ot let h er get ,

too fat or sh e may hav e a bad tim e wh en wh elpi n g F or two

,
.

days b efo re t he puppi es are d ue give sloppy but n ouri shi n g

di et a n d th is s h ould be co n ti n u ed given slightly warm for
, , ,

four or fiv e days aft er t h e pups a re born Bo rzois as a rul e .

mak e excellen t mot h ers but to rear th em well t h ey should n ot

,

be allo wed to suckl e mo re than fiV H if a stro n g big bitch ’

I , , ,

six— pups If t h e litt er is larger it is b ett er to d est roy t he

.
,

r em ai n d er or u s e a fost er moth er
,
.

Wh at ever th ey may b e i n e r n e —
th i ativ lan d an d t he first
impo rt ed sp ecim en s were p erh aps rath er un c ertai n in t emp er
t h e Bo rzoi as we k n ow him in t h is cou n t ry is a ff ection at e
, , ,

d evot ed to his o wn er fri en dly wit h hi s k en n el compan io n s

,

an d mak es a capital h ous e dog A s a lady s compan io n h e is ’

.

h ard to b eat ; i n d eed a glan c e at a n y sho w cat alogu e will

,

prov e that t h e maj o rity of Bo rzois are own ed by t he gen tl e s ex .

No on e n eed be d et erred from k eepi n g a Bo rzoi by a remark

 C HA PTE R XV I I I
T HE GRE YH O UND

THE G reyhou n d is old es t an d most co n s ervative of all

t he
dogs a n d his typ e has alt ered sin gularly littl e duri n g t he
,

s ev en thousand years in which he is kn own to hav e b een

ch erish ed for his sp eed a n d k ept by men for ru n n i n g down th e
,

gaz ell e or coursin g t he hare The earli est referen c es to him

.

a re fa r back in t h e p rimitiv e ag es lo n g b efo re h e was b eauti

,

fully d epict ed by A ssyrian artists strai n i n g at t h e l eash or ,

raci n g aft er his p rey across t h e d es ert sa n ds The E gyptian s .

loved him and appreciat ed him c en turi es b efo re t he pyramids

w ere built I n thos e days he wo re a feath ered tail a n d his ears
.
,

were h eavy with a silk en fri n g e of hair His typ e wa s that of .

t he mod ern Arabian S lughi who is t h e di rect an d unalt ered

,

d esc en dan t of t h e an ci en t hou n d The glorious Ki n g Solomon

.

ref erred to him ( P rov erbs xxx 3 1 ) as b ei n g on e of t h e four

thi n gs which go well a n d are com ely in goi n g—a lion which
.

is stro n g est am o n g b easts and tu rn eth n ot away from an y

,

a Greyhound a n h e goat also a n d a ki n g agai n st whom th er e

”
is n o risin g up .

That th e Greyhou n d is com ely in goi n g as w ell as in ,

repos e was recogn is ed v ery ea rly by t h e G reeks whos e a rtists

, ,

w ere fo n d of i n troducing this grac eful an imal as a n o rn am en t

in th ei r d eco rativ e wo rkmanship I n th ei r m etal work th eir
.
,

carvin gs in ivo ry an d sto n e a n d more p ar ticularly as parts

,

in t he d esign s on th ei r t erra cotta oil bottl es wi n e cool e rs

-
, ,

and oth er vas es t he Greyhoun d is frequ en tly to be s een som e

, ,

tim es followi n g t h e hare a n d always in remarkably charact er

,

is t ic attitud es . Usually th es e Greek Greyhoun ds are repre ,

10 8
 T HE G R E YHO U N D 1 09

s en t ed with prick ears but occasio n ally t he t ru e ros e ear is

,

shown .

All writi n gs in co n n ectio n with G reyhou n ds poi n t to the

high estimatio n in which t h e dog h as always b een h eld Dr . .

Caius wh en referri n g to t he n am e says The G reyhou n d hath

, ,

his n am e of this wo rd gre which word soun d eth gradus in

L ati n in E n gli she d egr ee b ecaus e amo n g all d ogges th es e a re
, ,

t h e most prin cip a ll occupyi n g t h e chi efest plac e a n d b ei n g

, ,

simply a n d absolut ely t he b est of t he g en tl e ki n de of Houn d es .

It was n ot u n til t h e reign of Qu een E li zab eth that coursi n g

in E n glan d was co n duct ed u n d er establish ed rul es Th es e .

were dr awn up by t h e t h en D uk e of No rfolk The sport .

quickly grew in favour an d con ti n u ed to i n creas e in popu

,

larit y until t he first cou rsi n g club was establish ed at S wa ffham

in 1 776 Th en in 1 7 8 0 t h e A shdown Park M eeti n g cam e i n to
.

exist en c e Th e Newmark et M eeti n g in 1 8 0 5 was t he n ext

.

fixtur e that was i n augurat ed an d this n ow remai n s with t he

,

champio n stak es as its most impo rtant ev en t A ft erwards .

cam e t he Am esbury M eeti n g in 1 822 but Am esbury lik e , ,

A shdown although for man y years on e of t he most c el ebrat ed

,

i n stitutio n s of t h e d escriptio n has fall en from its hi gh estat e

, .

Th ree y ears lat er cam e t h e A ltcar Club But it was n ot u n til

.

el ev en y e ars aft er this p eriod that t h e W at erloo Cup was in

stitut ed (in to win which is t he high est ambitio n o f

follo wers of t he l eash .

A t t he pres en t tim e t he run for the Wat erloo Cup which at ,

th e comm en c em en t was an eight dog stak e is compos ed of ,

sixty four n omi n ations t he entry fee for whi ch is £2 5 Th e

-
, .

wi n n er tak es £5 0 0 a n d t h e cup v alu e £ 1 0 0 pres en t ed by the

, , ,

E arl of S efto n t h e ru n n er up £2 0 0 t he thi rd an d fourth £5 0

, ,

each four dogs £3 6 each eight dogs £2 0 each a n d sixt een dogs
, , ,

£ 1 0 e ach Th e. thirty two dogs b e

-
at en in t h e first rou n d of
t h e Cup comp et e for t he W at erloo Purs e v alu e £2 1 5 a n d t h e , ,

sixt een dogs run out in t h e s econ d rou n d for t he Wat erloo
'

Plat e valu e £1 4 5 The wi n n er in each cas e taki n g £75 an d

, .
,

t he run n er up £3 0 t h e r emai n d er b ei n g di vid ed amo n gst th e

,
1 10 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
most forward run n ers in t h e resp ectiv e stakes The W at erloo .

Cup holds t he s am e positio n in coursin g ci rcl es as t h e D erby

do es in ho rs e racin g .

Th e Natio n al Coursi n g Club was establish ed in 1 8 5 8 wh en ,

a stud book was comm en ced a n d a cod e of laws dr awn up for

,

t h e regulatio n of cou rsi n g m eeti n gs This is recogn is ed in .

A ustrali a and oth er parts of th e wo rld wh ere cou rsi n g m eetin gs

are h eld Th e Stud Book of which Mr W F L amon by is
.
, . . .

t he k eep er co n tai n s particul ars of all t h e b est k n own G rey

,
-

houn ds in t he Un it ed Ki n gdom an d a dog is n ot allowed to ,

comp et e at any of th e larg e m eeti n gs h eld un d er Coursi n g Club

rul es unl ess it has b een duly en t ered with its p edigree com
p l et e
. I n fact t h e N atio
,
n al Cou rsing Club is mo re par ticular
in co n n ection with t h e p edigr ees of G reyhou n ds b ei n g corr ectly
g i v en tha
, n t h e K e n n el Club is about dogs t h at a re exhibit ed
a n d that is sayi n g a gr eat d eal It holds t h e s am e position
.

in cou rsi n g matt ers as t h e J ock ey Club do es in raci n g It is .

in fact t h e suprem e autho rity on all matt ers co n n ect ed with

,

cou rsi n g .

Various opi n io n s hav e b een advan c ed as to t he b est siz e

an d w eight for a Greyhoun d Lik e hors es Greyhoun ds .
,

run in all fo rms a n d th ere is n o doubt that a re ally good big

,

on e will a lways hav e a n adva n tag e ov er t he littl e o n es but

it is so di fficult to fin d t he form er a n d most of t he chie f ,

wi n n ers of t he Wat erloo Cup hav e b een comparativ ely small .

Coomassi e was t he sm all est G reyhou n d t h at ev er won t he blue '

'

ribbo n of t h e l eash s he drew t he scal e at 4 2 lbs a n d was .

,

credit ed with t he win of t h e Cup on two occasio n s Bab at .

t h e Bo wst er who is co n sid ered by ma n y good j udg es to hav e

,

b een t he b est bitch that ev er ra n wa s 2 lbs more ; she , .

won t h e Cup o n c e a n d man y oth er stak es as s h e was run all

, ,

ov er t h e cou n try a n d was n ot k ept for t he big even t Mast er .

McGra t h was a small dog a n d o n ly w eigh ed 5 3 lbs but he

, .
,

won th e Wat erloo Cup th ree tim es Full erto n who was a
.
,

much bigger dog and was four tim es d eclared t h e wi n n er of

,

t h e Cup was 5 6 lbs in w eight

, . .
112 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
muscular d evelopm en t that a re to be s een in t he j udgi n g ri ng .

Mr G eo rg e R ap er s R oastin g Hot is on e of t he most promi n en t

.
’

winn ers of t h e day h e is a fawn a n d whit e as han dsom e as a ,

p eacock a n d moreover is a good dog in t h e fi eld On on e

, , .

occasio n aft er comp eti n g successfully at t he K enn el Club

Sho w at t h e Crystal Palac e h e was tak en to a coursi n g m eeti n g ,

wh ere h e won t h e stak e in which he wa s en t ered A brace of .

v ery b eautiful bitch es a re Mr F E yer s D o rs et G i rl and Miss . .

’

W Easto n s O k eford Qu een

.
’
.

Although as a rul e t h e most co n sist en t wi n n ers in t he l eash

, ,

hav e n ot b een n ot ed for th eir good looks th ere have b een ex ,

cept ion s in which t h e opposit e has b een t h e cas e Full erton .

was a good looki n g dog if not quit e up to t he form required in

-
,

t h e show ri n g Mr Harding Cox has had s ev eral S p ecim en s

. .

th at could run well a n d win priz es as sho w dogs and t he ,

sam e may be sai d of Miss Maud May s fin e k en n el of Grey ’

hou n ds in t h e North of E n glan d In t he South of E n glan d .

Mrs A D ewe k eeps a n umb er of lon gt ails that wh en n ot

.

win n i n g priz es at t he C rystal Palace a n d els ewh ere are run ni n g

at Plumpton an d oth er m eeti n gs in Suss ex .

The follo wi n g is t h e stan dard by which G reyhou n ds should

%

be j udg ed .

H ea d—L o n g a n d n a rro w slightly wid er in skull allo win g f or pl en ty

, ,

of b rai n room lips tight without a n y fl ew a n d eyes b right an d ih

E a rs—S mall a n d fi n e in t extu re an d s emi
, ,

t elligen t a n d da rk in colou r
p rick ed T eeth—Very stro n g a n d l evel a n d n ot d e cayed or can k ered
.
,

Neck —L en gthy without a n y th roati n ess but muscul ar

. .
,

, S h oul d ers ,
.

P lac e d well back in t h e body an d fai rly muscula r without b ei n g load ed

F o re l egs—P erf e ctly st raight s et well i n to t h e should ers with stro n g
.
, ,
-

past ern s an d to e s s et well up an d clos e togeth er B o d y—Ch est v ery

, ,

d eep with fairly well sp ru n g ribs muscula r back an d loi n s an d well

Hin d -qu a rt ers —W id e an d well let do wn with
-
, ,

ou t up in t h e fl a n ks .
,

hocks well b en t a n d clos e to t he grou n d with v ery muscular hau n ch es , ,

sho wi n g great p rop ellin g po wer a n d ta il lo n g a n d fi n e a n d tap erin g with

a slight up wa rd cu rv e Co a t—F airly fi n e in t extu re W eigh F —
,

. The .

id e al weight of a dog is from 60 pou n ds to 6 5 pou n ds of a bitch from 5 5 ,

p ou n ds to 6 0 p ou n ds .
 C HA P TE R XIX
T HE W HI P P ET

F OR l gan c e of styl e cl ean li n ess of habit an d grac eful

e e , ,

mov em en t few dogs can equal t he Whipp et for which reaso n

, ,

his popularity as a compan io n h as i n creas ed very gr eatly

wit h i n t h e past d ecad e No mo re a ffectio n at e creatu re is to be
.

fou n d y et he poss ess es co n sid erabl e d et ermi n atio n a n d

,

pluck a n d on occasio n will d efen d hims elf in his own way

, .

Too fragil e in his anatomy f or fighti n g in t h e o rdi n ary s en s e ,

of t h e word wh en mol est ed h e will s n ap at h is oppo n en t

, ,

with such c el erity as to t ak e even t he most watchful by

surpris e whi l e hi s st ren gth of j aw combi n ed wi t h its com ,

p a ra t iv e ly gr e at l ength en abl es him

, to i n fl ict s ev ere pu n is h
m en t at t h e first grab It wa s probably o wi n g to this habit
.
,

whi ch is common to all Wh ipp ets that th ey were orgin a lly ,

kn own as S n ap D ogs -
.

Th e Whipp et exist ed as a s eparat e b reed lo n g b efo re dog

s h ows w ere thought of a n d at a tim e wh en records of p edigrees
,

w ere n ot o ffi cially p res erv ed but it is v ery c ertai n that t he

G reyhound had a share in his gen ealogical history for n ot ,

o n ly should his app earan c e be precis ely t h at of a Greyhou n d

in mi n iatu re but t h e pu rpos e for which h e was b re d is v ery
,

similar to t h at for which his larg er prototyp e is still us ed t he ,

o n ly di fferen c e b ei n g that rabbits were cou rs ed by Whipp ets ,

and h ar es by Greyhou n ds .

T h is spo rt h as b een mai n ly co n fin ed to t h e wo rki n g class es ,

t h e colli ers of L a n cas h i re Yo rks h i re D u rha m a n d No rth

, , ,

umberlan d b ei n g pa rticularly d evot ed to it A s a rul e t he .

co n t ests a re han dicaps t h e starti n g poi n t of each comp etito r

,

1
1 14 D OG S A N D A L L A B O U T T HE M
b eing regulat ed by its weight ; but t he wi n n ers of previous
importan t even ts are p en alis ed in additio n acco rdi n g to th ei r ,

presum ed m erit by havi n g a c ert ai n n umb er of yards d educt ed

,

from th e start to whi ch weight alo n e would oth erwise hav e

entitl e d th em E ach dog is tak en to its stipulat ed mark
.

accordi n g to t h e han dicap a n d th ere lai d hold of by the nap e

,

of the n eck and hi n d quart ers t h e real start er stan ds b ehind

-

t h e lot and aft er warni n g all to be ready discharg es a pistol

, , ,

upon which each att en dan t swi n gs his dog as far forward as
h e can possibly th row him but always maki n g su re that he ,

alights on his feet Th e distan ce cov ered in t he rac e is

.

gen erally 2 0 0 yards mi n us t h e starts allott ed and som e id ea

, ,

of t he sp eed at w h ich th es e v ery active li ttl e animals can

t rav el may be gl ean ed from th e fact t h at t he full distan c e has
b een cov ered in rat h er u n d er 1 2 s eco n ds .

I n o rd er to i n duc e each dog to do it s b est t he own er or , ,

more probably t h e t rai n er stan ds b eyo n d t he wi nn i n g p ost ,

a n d fra n tica lly wav es a tow el or v ery stout ra g A ccompan i ed .

by a bab el of n ois e t h e race is start ed an d in l ess tim e than it

, ,

tak es to writ e it t h e comp etito rs reac h t h e goal on e a n d all ,

as th ey fi n ish taki n g a flyi n g l eap at t h ei r trai n er s to wel to ’

which th ey hold on with such t en acity t h at th ey are swu n g

rou n d in t h e ai r Th e sp eed at which t h ey a re trav ellin g mak es
.

thi s movem en t n ec essary in man y cas es to en abl e t h e dog to

avoid accid en t particularly w h ere t h e spac e b eyo n d t he
,

wi n n i n g mark is limit ed F or raci ng pu rpos es th ere is a wid e

.

margi n of siz e allowed to t he dogs an yt h i n g from 8 lbs to , .

2 3 lbs or ev en mo re b ei n g e ligibl e
.
, but in Vi ew of t h e han di
,

cap t erms thos e dogs w h ic h poss ess S p eed a n d scal e 9 to 1 2 lbs , .

amon gst th e light weight s a n d ov er 1 7 lbs in t he h eavy

-
,
.

o n es are co n sid ered to hav e t h e b est c h an c e

, .

Probably th ere is n o locality wh ere t he pastim e has mai n

t ai n ed such a firm hold as in a n d a round O ldham on e of t he ,

most fam ous tracks in t h e world b ein g at Higgin sh aw wh ere ,

n ot i n frequ en tly th ree hu n d re d dogs are en t ere d in on e han di

cap Th e Borough grou n ds a t O ldham a n d t he Welli n gton

.
1 1 6 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
a by no m ean s easy task co n sid eri n g that a slight particl e of a
,

s ec ond m ea n s so man y ya rds and th e av erage sp eed wo rkin g

,

—
out at about 1 6 yards p er s econd n early twic e as fast as t he
fast est p ed est rian spri n t er an d altogeth er b eyo n d t he power
,

of t he fi eet es t rac e hors e -

.

Colou r in t h e Wh ipp et is absolut ely of no importanc e to a

good j udg e though possibly what is kn own as t he p each fawn
,

is t h e favouri t e amon g amat eu r fan ci ers R ed fawn s blue or .

,

slat e colou red black b ri n dl ed of va rious S had es a n d th es e

, , ,

colou rs i n t ermi n gl ed with whit e are most to be met with , ,

howev er I n som e quart ers t h e id ea is preval en t that Whip

.

p ets are d elicat e in th ei r co n stitutio n but this is a popular ,

erro r .Probably th ei r disi n c li n atio n to go out of doo rs on

th ei r own i n itiativ e wh en t he weath er is cold and wet may
account for t he opi n io n but giv en t he Oppo rtunity to roam
,

about a hous e t h e Whipp et will fin d a comfo rtabl e place and ,

will rarely ail anythi n g I n sco res of hous es Wh ipp ets go to

.

bed with t he childr en and a re so cl ean t h at even scrupulous

,

hous ewives tak e n o obj ection to th eir fin di n g th ei r way under

t he cloth es to t h e foot of t h e bed t h ereby s ecu ri n g th ei r own,

p rot ectio n a n d s ervi n g as a n exc ell en t footwarm er in t he

wi n t er mo n ths .

Probably in no oth er b reed exc ept t h e G reyhou n d do , ,

j udg es attach so littl e importan c e to t h e shap e of t he h ead

so lo n g as t he j aws a re fai rly lo n g an d t he colou r of t h e eyes
som ewhat in k eepi n g with th at of t he body very littl e els e ,

is look ed for in fro n t of t he ears A s in t h e cas e of raci n g .

comp etito rs really good dogs for S h ow pu rpos es are much

,

more di ffi cult to fi n d tha n bitch es The b est of t h e mal es a re .

not so classical in outlin e as t he femal es though som e of th em

a re as good in l egs a n d f eet —
,

poi n ts which are of t he great est

impo rtan c e Though it is n ot quit e in acco rdan ce with t he
.

stan dard laid down by t h e club it will be fou n d that most ,

j udg es favour dogs which a re about 1 7 lbs weight a n d bitch es .

,

which are b etween 1 5 lbs a n d 1 6 lbs t h e 2 0 lbs m en tio n e d

. .
, .

in t he stan dard of poi n ts without vari atio n for s ex b ei n g

,
 T HE WH I PP E T 1 1 7

co n sid ered altog eth er too h eavy App eara n c es are som etim es .

d ec eptiv e but th es e dogs a re rarely weigh ed for exhibitio n

,

purpos es t h e t rai n ed ey e of t he j udg e b ei n g su ffi ci en t guid e

,

to t h e siz e of t he comp etito rs acco rdi n g to his partiality for

middle S iz e big or littl e a ni mals
-
, , .

Th e South D u rham a n d Yo rks hi re Show at D a rli n gto n has

t h e credit f or first i n t roduci n g class es for Whipp ets i n to t he
priz e ri n g Previous to this it had n ot lon g b een g en erally
.

recogn is ed as a disti n ct b reed a n d it is withi n t h e last tw en ty

,

y ears that t he K en n el Club has plac ed t he b reed on its

re cog n is ed list .

Th e followi n g is t he sta n da rd of poi n ts adopt ed by t h e

Whipp et Club
H ea d—L o n g an d l e a n r ath er wid e b t ween t h e ey s a n d fl at on t h e
,
e e

top po w
aw ful cl a ly cut t th l v l d whit e
E y es— ight a n d fi ery
; t he j e r y e t e n ; t h e ee e e a n .

Br E a rs— S mall fi n e in t extu re a n d ros e shap e

Nec k —L o n g a n d muscula r el e ga n tly a rch e d a n d free from th roati n ess
. .
,

S h ould ers—O bliqu e muscula r Ch est—D eep a n d capacious

.
,

an d
B a c k —B road an d squar e rath er lo n g a n d slightly a r ch e d ov er t h e loi n
. .

F o re l eg s—R ath er lo n g well

, ,

which should b e stro n g a n d po werful .

-
,

s et u n d er t h e dog poss essin g a fai r amou n t of bo n e

,
H in d quarter s .
-

S tro n g an d b r oad across sti fl es well b en t thighs b road a n d muscular

ho oks well let do wn F eet—R ou n d well split up with stro n g sol es
, ,

C oa t — Colou r— B lack re d whit e b ri n dl e fawn blu e

. .
, ,

F i n e a n d clos e
W eigh t—T wen ty pou n ds
.
, , , , , ,

an d t h e va rious mixtu res of e ach . .

 C HA PTE R XX
T HE F O XH O UND

THE RE is pl en ty of proof that Foxhou n ds w ere t he v ery first

of t h e can i n e races in G reat Britai n to com e un d er t he domina
tio n of sci en tific b reedi n g Th ere had b een hou n ds of more
.

a n ci en t ori gi n such as t h e South ern Hou n d an d t he Blood

,

houn d but som ethi n g di fferen t was wan t ed towards t he en d

of t he s ev en t een th c en tu ry to hu n t t he wild d eer that had
b ecom e som ewhat scatt ered aft er C romw ell s civil war The ’
.

d eman d was co n s equ en tly for a quick er hou n d than thos e

hith erto kn o wn an d p eopl e d evot ed to t he chas e b egan to
,

b reed it Wh eth er th ere were cross es at first remai n s in dis

.

put e but th ere is mo re p robability that t he policy adopt ed

,

was on e of s el ectio n th os e exc eptio n ally fast were b red with

t h e sam e u n til t h e slow st eady li n e hu n t er was improv ed out
, ,

of his v ery c h aract er a n d shap e A t an y rat e th ere a re

.
,

p roofs that in 1 7 1 0 hou n ds w ere to be fou n d in packs carefully ,

b red an d that at that tim e som e of t he hu n ts in qu estion

,

d evot ed att en tio n to t he fox .

Th e fi rst k n own k en n el of all was at W a rdou r Castl e and ,

was said to hav e b een establish ed in 1 696 but mo re reliabl e

is t he dat e of t he B rockl esby comm en c ed in 1 7 1 3 The first
, .

reco rd of a pack of h ou n ds b ei n g sold was in 1 7 3 0 wh en a ,

Mr Fown es sold his pack to a Mr Bowl es The latt er gen tl e

. . .

man show ed great spo rt with th em in Yo rkshi re A t that .

tim e L o rd Hertford b egan to hu n t t he Cotswold cou n try in ,

G louc est ershire a n d was t he first to draw cov erts for fox in t he
,

mod ern styl e Very soo n aft er this it b ecam e t h e fashio n

.

of t h e day to b reed hou n ds Man y of t he n obility an d large

.

1 1 8
1 20 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T TH E M

loos ely built a n d S playfoot ed hou n d of fo rm er g en eratio n s

,

h a d b een l eft b ehi n d T o such p erf ectio n i n d eed had t he

.
, ,

Foxhou n d attai n ed that lo n g b efo re t he clos e of t he eight een th

,

c en tu ry spo rtsm en were clamouri n g as to what a Foxhou n d

could do .

With so much promi n en c e gi v en to th e Foxhou n d in th e

comp ar ativ ely sho rt p eriod of forty or fifty years it is n o ,

wo n d er that i n dividual hou n ds b ecam e v ery c el eb rat ed in

almost ev ery part of t he cou n try Mr P elh am s R ockwood . .
’

Tickl er a n d Bump er w ere n am es w ell kn own in Yo rksh i re a n d ,

L o rd Ludlow s Pow erful a n d Growl er were talk ed of both in

’

Li n coln shi re an d Wa rwickshi re From th e first i n d eed it .

, ,

app eared that c ertai n hou n ds w ere v ery much b ett er than
ot h ers a n d old hu n tsm en hav e g en erally d eclared for on e
,

which was in t he whol e l en gth of th ei r careers (som etim es

ext en di n g to fi fty y ea rs ) imm easu rably sup erio r to all oth ers

th ey h a d h u n t ed Harry Ayris who was for j ust half a

.
,

c en tury with L o rd Fit z Hardi n ge d eclared to th e day of his ,

d eath that n othi n g had equall ed Cromw ell O sbald esto n said
t h e sam e of Furri er a n d Fra n k G illa rd n ev er f alt ers from t h e
,

O pi n io n that W ea t h erga ge was quit e by hi ms elf as t h e b est

houn d h e ever hu n t ed The Foxhoun d K en n el Stud Book .

aboun ds in t h e stro n g est p roofs that h ereditary m erit in th ei r

wo rk has b een tran smitt ed f rom th es e wo n d erful hou n ds ,

a n d th ey really mak e t h e histo ry of t h e Foxhou n d .

Th ere hav e b een man y gr eat hou n ds ; but th ere must be

t he great est of t h e gr eat an d t he follo wi n g twelve
,

hou n ds ar e p robably t he b est E n glan d h as ever s een

Mr Corb et s Troj an
.
’
L o rd Middl eto n s Vanguard ’

Mr OS bald es t on s Furri er
. L ord Hen ry B en ti n ck s
’ ’

Co n t est L o rd Fit zHardin ge s Cromwell Mr ’

.

D rak e s D ust er
’
S ir R ichard Sutto n s D ryd en
’

t h e D uk e of R ut lan d s S en ato r D uk e of R ut lan d s

’ ’

W eath ergage t h e E arl of Cov en t ry s R ambl er

’

Mr E P R a wn sley s Freema n
. . . a n d t h e G rafto n
’

EV oodman
 T H E F O X HOUN D 1 21
’

B reedi n g Foxhou n ds is on e of t he most fasci n ati n g of all t h e

pl easures of an imal culture as t h e abov e list so full of extrem e , ,

m erit can be t rac ed for n early a hu n dred a n d thi rty y ears

, .

It can n ot be said t h at t h e p ric es paid for Foxh oun d s in v ery

rec en t tim es hav e greatly exc ee d ed t h os e of t h e past I n 1 7 90 .

Colo n el T h orn to n sold M erki n for fou r h ogs h eads of cla ret a n d ,

t h e s ell er to hav e t wo coupl es of t h e w h elps T h en in 1 8 0 8 Mr . .

J ohn Ward e sold a pack of h ou n ds to L o rd A ltho rp e for

g ui n e as a n d t h e sam e g en tl ema n sold a n ot h er pack f or t h e
,

s am e sum a few y ears lat er I n 1 83 8 L o rd S uffi eld o ffered .

gui n eas for Mr L ambt on s pack a n d a ft erwa d s sold it to S ir

.
’

Matth ew Whi t e R idl ey f or I n 1 8 3 4 O sbald esto n sold

t en coupl es of bitch es all d esc en da n ts of Furri er for
, ,

—
sov ereign s or £ 1 0 0 a h ou n d a reco rd t h at wa s almost eclips ed
,

at t h e sal e of L o rd P olit more s h oun ds in 1 8 70 wh en t wen ty ’

two coupl es of dog hou n ds sold for -

g ui n eas .

O f lat e y ears th ere h as b een t he sal e of t h e Quo rn for it was ,

said ,
a n d t h e lat e L o rd Willoughby d e B rok e valu ed

t h e N o rth W a rwicks h i re for t h e cou n ty to pur chas e at

I n 1 9 0 3 t h e A th ersto n e was valu ed by Mr R a wlen ce t h e .
,

w ell kn o wn repres en tativ e of Tatt ersall s at

-
or som e
’

thi n g lik e £5 0 a hou n d a n d that h as b een co n sid ered v ery

,

ch eap If t h erefo re mod ern pric es h av e n ot greatly exc eed ed

.
, ,

thos e of t h e far past t h ere has n ot b een a n y particular dimin u

,

tio n an d t h ere is n o doubt about it th at if c ertai n packs could

,

be pu rc h as ed t h e p ric es would f ar exc eed a n ythi n g ev er

r each ed b efore .

Foxh oun d s h av e v ery much imp roved in looks duri n g t h e

past fiv e a n d twen ty y ears a n d u n qu estio n ably t h ey a re quit e
- -
,

as good in t h e fi eld or b ett er Wh en ev er hou n ds hav e good .

fox es in fron t of t h em a n d good h u n tsm en to assist or watch

,

ov er th em th ey are as abl e as ever n otwithstan di n g that t he

, ,

d rawbacks to good spo rt a re mo re n um erous n ow than th ey

us ed to be Th e n obl e hou n d will al ways be good en ough
.
,

a n d ev er a n d a n o n t h is is shown by a ru n of t h e G reat W ood

o rd er to hun t ov er fiv e a n d t wen ty to t h i rty mil es at a pac e

,
- -
 1 22 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
to settl e all th e ho rs es an d y et every hou n d will be up Th ere , .

has b een a S light t en d en cy to increa s e S iz e of lat e years The .

B elvoi r dog hound is withi n very littl e of 2 4 i n ch es i n st ead of

-

2 3 5 t h e standard of tw en ty y ea rs ago a n d this i n creas e has

5 ,

b ecom e v ery g en eral I n el egan ce of form n othi n g has been .

lost an d th ere ca n be n o oth er to poss ess b eauty combin ed

,

with power a n d th e ess en tial poi n ts for pac e a n d en duran c e in

t h e sam e d egree as a Foxh ou n d .

A d etail ed d escriptio n of t he Foxhou n d is h ere given

Hea d—S om ewhat b road n ot p e ak e d lik e t h e B loodhou n d but lo n g , ,

from t h e ap ex to t h e fro n t a l bo n es eyeb ro ws v ery p romi n en t ch eeks , ,

out cl e a n fr om t h e ey e to t h e n ost ril e a rs s et low an d in th eir n atu ral ,

co n ditio n thin an d shap ely but n ot la rg e n os e lar g e j aw stro n g an d , , ,

l ev el an d small d ewlaps exp ressio n fi erc e an d with t h e b est oft en

E yes —
, , ,

rep ell en t V ery b right an d d eeply s et full of d et ermin atio n

.
, ,

an d with a v ery st e ady e xp re ssio n T h e look of t h e F oxhou n d is v ery

Neck —S hould b e p erf e ctly cl ea n n o ski n ruffl e what ev er
.

remarkabl e .
, ,

or n e ck cloth as hu n tsm en c all it T h e l en gth of n e ck is of impo rtan c e

both f or stoopin g an d givi n g a n a ir of maj esty S h ould ers—Th e blad e s
.
, ,

should b e well i n to t h e back a n d should slan t oth erwis e b e wid e a n d , ,

stro n g to m eet t h e arms that should b e lo n g an d po werful L egs an d

F eet—T h e bo n e should b e p erfe ctly st raight from t h e ar m do wn war d
, , .

a n d d e sc en d in t h e sam e d e gree of siz e to t h e an kl es or as t h e sayi n g , ,

is,
do wn to his to es T h e k n ee should b e almost fl at an d l ev el ;
.

th ere should b e n o curv e u n til comin g to t h e to es which should b e v ery ,

stro n g rou n d cat shap ed an d e v ery t oe cl ea n s et as it were F o re

-

ri bs an d B ris k et —D e ep
, , , .

fi n e ribs ar e v e y ess en tial a n d t h e b risk e t r

should b e well b elow t h e elbo ws B ack a n d L oi n s—B ack should b e

, ,

straight A hollo w back o ffen ds t h e ey e much an d a roach back is

.
,

wo rs e T h e loi n wid e back ribs d eep a n d lo n g a slight p romi n en c e

—
,
—
.
,

over t h e croup % ua t s r e r a n d H o s T h e quart ers can n ot b e too lo n g

ok .
,

full sho win g a s eco n d thigh a n d m eeti n g a st raight hock low do wn th e

shan k b o n e sho rt a n d m eeti n g shap ely feet Coat—Th e coat is har d
, , ,

.
,

hai r but sho rt a n d smooth t h e t extu re is as stiff as b ristl es but b e au

—
, , ,

l
t if ully ai d C olou r B elvoir t a n which is b r o wn a n d black p erf e ctly
.
, ,

i n t ermix e d with whit e mar ki n gs of various shap es a n d siz es T h e

, .

whit e should b e v ery opaqu e a n d cl e ar B lack an d whit e with t an

markin gs on h ead an d sti fl es B adg er pi ed—a ki n d of grey an d whi t e
.
,

. .

L emo n pi e d light y ello w a n d whit e H are pi e d a dark er y ello w a n d

—
.
, ,

w ehit S t L o n g a n d carri e d gaily but n ot cu rl e d oft en half whit e

H ei gh t—D ogs fr om 23 ; to 24 in ch e s
ern
.
, .

bitch es from 22 to 225 in ch e s .

1 24 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

barrels st aight a n d stro n g hi n d l egs with good thighs a n d

,
r -

w ell let do wn hocks feet rou n d lik e cats feet a n d a well s et

,
’

,
-

ou tap eri n g st ern

, Such a mak e an d shap e should s ee man y
.

s easo n s t h rough a n d allow you to be c ert ai n of pac e a n d

,

en dura n c e in you r pack It is us el ess to lay down an y hard

.

a n d fast rul e as to colour It is so much a matt er of i n dividual

.

tast e Som e Mast ers hav e a gr eat fan cy for t he dark colou r
.

in g of t h e old Sout h ern Houn d but n ot h i n g could look much

,

smart er than a good combi n atio n of B elvoi r t an with black a n d

whit e Puppi es as a rul e a week or two aft er th ey a re wh elp ed
.
, , ,

S how a gr eat er p ropo rtio n of da rk ma rki n g than a n y oth er ,

but this as th ey grow old er soo n alt ers a n d t h ei r whit e ,

marki n g b ecom es much mo re co n spicuous As in t he cas e of t h e .

Foxhoun d t h e Harri er is v ery s eldom k ept as a compan io n

,

apart from t h e pack But puppi es a re usually s en t out to walk

.
,

a n d may easily be p rocu re d to be k ept a n d rea re d u n til t h ey

a re old en ough to be en t ere d to th ei r wo rk D o ubtless t h e .

r ea ri n g of a Ha rri er puppy is a great respo n sibility but it is ,

also a d eligh t to man y who f eel that th ey a re h elpi n g in t h e

advan c em en t of a great n atio n al spo rt .

Th ere is n othi n g to surpass t he b eauty of t h e B eagl e eith er

to S ee him on t he flags of his k en n el or in un ravelli n g
a diffi culty on t h e li n e o f a dodgi n g hare I n n eat .

n ess h e is really t h e littl e mod el of a Foxhou n d He is .

,

of cou rs e fi n er but with t h e l en gth of n eck so p erfect in t he

, ,

bigg er hou n d t he li ttl e s h ould ers of t he sam e patt ern a n d

, ,

t h e typical quart ers a n d s eco n d thig h s Th en how quick .

h e is in h is casts a n d wh en h e is fai rly on a li n e of cours e ,

”
h e sticks to it as t he sayi n g is lik e a b eagl e %
, , .

B eagl es hav e b een carefully pres erv ed for a great man y

y ears a n d in som e cas es th ey h ave b een in fami li es for almost
,

c en tu ri es I n t h e h ereditary hu n ti n g establishm en ts th ey
.

have b een frequ en tly fou n d as t h e m edium of amus em en t

,

a n d i n st ructio n in h u n ti n g f or t he j uv en il e m emb ers of t h e

h ous e ; a n d th ere can be n othi n g mo re lik ely to i n stil t he

 T HE HARR I E R AND T H E B EAGLE 1 25

right pri n cipl es of v en ery i n to t he youthful mi n d than to

follow all t h e ways of th es e littl e hou n ds .

D ors etshi re us ed to be t he great cou n ty for B eagl es The .

down s th ere were exactly fi tt ed for th em an d y ears ago , ,

wh en roe d eer were pres erved on t h e larg e estat es B eagl es

-
,

w ere us ed to hu n t this small b reed of d eer Mr Cran es . .

’

B eagl es were n ot ed at t h e tim e a n d also thos e of a Colo n el

,

H ardi n g It is on reco rd t h at Ki n g G eo rg e IV had a

. .

str on g partiali ty for B eagl es a n d was wo n t to s ee th em

,

wo rk on t h e do wn s rou n d about B rig h to n Th e us es .

of t h e B eagl e in t he early days of t h e last c en tury ,

ho wev er were a good d eal div ersi fied Th ey w ere hun t ed

,
.

in big woodlan ds to d riv e gam e to t h e gu n a n d p erh aps t he ,

o rdi n ary B eagl e of from 1 2 i n ch es to 1 4 i n ch es wa s n ot big

en ough f or t he requi rem en ts of t he tim es It is quit e possibl e
.
,

th erefore that t he B eagl e wa s cro ss ed with t he W elsh South ern

, ,

o r O tt erhou n d to get mo re S iz e a n d pow er as th ere c ertai n ly

, ,

was a Welsh rough coat ed B eagl e of good 1 8 i n c h es a n d an

-
,

a hn os t id en tical co n t empo rar y that was call ed th e E ss ex

B eagl e Sixty years ago suc h h ou n ds w ere common en ough

.
,

but possibly th rough t h e adoptio n of t h e mo re preval en t plan

of b eati n g cov erts a n d Span i els b ei n g in more g en eral us e
, ,

t h e vocatio n of t h e B eagl e in this particula r di rectio n di ed out ,

a n d a big r oug h coat ed B eagl e is n ow v ery ra rely s een

-
.

That a great man y of t h e t ru e o rd er w ere b red b ecam e v ery

man ifes t as soo n as t h e Harri er a n d B eagl e Associatio n wa s
form ed an d mo re particularly wh en a s ection of t h e P et er
,

bo rough Hou n d Sho w was res erv ed for th em Th en t h ey .

s eem ed to spri n g from ev ery part of t h e cou n t ry I n 1 8 96 .

on e b ecam e w ell acquai n t e d with ma n y packs that had

app ar en tly h eld aloof from t he dog S h o ws Th ere was t he .

Ch eshi re t he Christ C h u rch ( O xfo rd ) Mr T J o h n son s t he

, , . .
’
,

R oyal R ock , t he Tho rp e Satchvill e t h e Wo rcest ers h i re et c

, , .
,

a n d of lat e th ere hav e b een ma n y mo re t h at a re as well k n own

as packs of Foxhou n ds On e h ears n ow of t h e Cha us t on t he

.
,

Halst ead Plac e—v ery n ot ed i n d eed—t he Hulto n t h e L eig h ,

1 26 D oe s A N D AL L A B OU T T HE M
Park the Stok e Plac e the E dinburgh t he Surbiton t he
, , , ,

Tri n ity Foot t h e W ooddal e Mrs G W Hilli ard s Mrs

’
. . . .
, , ,

Pri c e s and Mrs Turn er s

’
,
.
’
.

B eagl e own ers lik e t he mast ers of Foxhoun d ken n els have
, ,

n ev er b een v ery pa rtial to t h e o rdi n ary dog shows and so ,

t h e d evelopm en t of t h e up to dat e B eagl e as S een at rec en t - -

,

shows is som ewhat n ew It is j ust as it should be an d if

,
.
,

mo re p eopl e tak e up b eagli n g it may n ot be in t he l east

surprisi n g T h ey a re v ery b eautiful littl e h ou n ds can giv e
. ,

a vast amou n t of amus em en t a n d for t h e matt er of t h at , , ,

h ealthy ex ercis e If a stout ru n n er can k eep withi n fairly

.

e asy di sta n c e of a pack of w ell b red B eagl es on t h e li n e of -

a lively J ack hare h e is in t h e sort of co n ditio n to be g en erally

,

en vi ed .

I
D E S CR P T I O N O R T H E L H ea d F ai r l en gth po werful
B E AG E : -
,

without b ei n g coa rs e skull dom e d mod erat ely wid e with a n i n dicatio n , ,

o f p e ak st 0 p well d efi n ed muzzl e n ot s n ipy a n d lips we ll fl ewed No s e

E yes— B ro wn da rk haz el
.
, , ,
- B lack b road a n d n ostrils well expan d e d
, ,
.
,

or haz el n ot d ee p s et n or bulgy a n d with a mild e xp re ssio n E ars

—L o n g s et on low fi n e in t extu re an d han gin g in a gracef ul fold
.
, ,

clos e to t h e ch e ek Neck —Mod erat ely lo n g slightly ar ch e d t h e thr oat

, , ,

sho wi n g som e d ewlap S h oul d ers—Cl ean a n d slightly S lopi n g B o d y

.
, ,

—S ho rt b etwe en t h e coupli n gs well let do wn in ch e st ribs fairly well

. .

, ,

sp ru n g an d well ribb e d up with po werful an d n ot tuck e d up loi n s -

Hi n d qu arters—V ery muscula r ab out t h e thighs sti fl es a n d h ook s well

.
,

b en t a n d h ook s well let do wn F o re-l egs— % uit e straight well u n d er

,

—
,
.
,

the dog of good substa n c e an d rou n d in t h e bo n e F e et R ou n d well

k n uckl e d up a n d stro n gly padd e d S t ern—Mo d erat e l en gth s et on
.
, ,

,
.
,

high thick a n d carri e d gaily but n ot curl e d o v er t h e back Colo ur

—
.
, ,

A y re
n cog n is e d hou n d colou r C oa t S mooth var i ety : S mooth
.
,

v ery d en s e an d n ot too fi n e or sho rt R ough va ri ety : V ery d en s e

H ei gh t —N ot e xc e e di n g 1 6 i n ch e s
.

a n d wi ry P o ck e t B e agl e s must
Gen eral A ppe aran c e—A compactly built hou n d
. .

n ot exc e e d 1 0 i n ch e s .
-
,

without coa rs en e ss co n v eyi n g t h e imp ressio n of gr e at stami n a an d

,

vivacity .
1 28 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

altog eth er chan g ed by t he year 1 8 0 0 but it is po ssibl e that ,

t h e b reed th en had b een co n ti n u ed by s el ectio n rath er than

by crossi n g for a coupl e of d ecad es as it is quit e c ertai n that,

by 1 8 1 5 spo rtsm en w ere still di ssatisfied with t h e wa n t of pac e

in t h e Poi n t er a n d ma n y spo rtsm en a re known to hav e
,

cross ed th ei r Poi n t ers with Foxh oun ds at about that tim e .

By 1 83 5 t h e old Span ish Poi n t er had b een l eft b ehi n d a n d t h e ,

E n glis h dog was a p erfect mod el for pac e st a mi n a resolutio n , , ,

a n d n erv e The b reed was exactly adapt ed to t he re qui re

.

m en ts of that day which wa s n ot quit e as fast as t h e pres en t

, .

Men shot with good Joe Man to n s di d th ei r own loadi n g and , ,

walked to th ei r dogs worki n g th em right a n d l eft by han d

,

a n d whistl e The dogs b eat th ei r grou n d m ethodica lly th eir

.
,

h eads at t h e right l ev el for body sc en t a n d wh en th ey cam e ,

on g a m e do wn th ey were
,
t h e dog that had got it poi n ti n g ,

an d t he oth er bar ki n g or a waiti n g d ev elopm en ts Th ere was .

n othi n g mo re b eautiful tha n t h e wo rk of a well b red a n d w ell -

b rok en b rac e of Poi n t ers or mo re p erfect than th e wa y a

,

ma n got his shots from th em Th ere was n othi n g slow about

.

t h em but on t h e co n t rary th ey w en t a great pace s eem ed to

, ,

S hoot i n to t h e v ery cu rren ts of air for sc en t a n d y et th ere was ,

n o impati en c e about th em such as might h av e b e en exp ect ed

from t h e Foxhou n d cross Th e t ruth of it was t h at t he

.

capacity to co n c en t rat e t he whol e att en tio n on t he obj ect

fou n d was so i n t en s e as to hav e l ess en ed every oth er prop en sity .

The rush of t h e Foxh ou n d had b een abso rb ed by t he a d d it ior al

fo rc e of t h e Poi n t er charact er Th ere has b een n o t hi n g at all
.

lik e it in can i n e cultu re a n d it cam e out so wo n d erfully aft er

,

men had b een S hooti n g in t h e above man n er for about fo rty

years .

It was n eari n g t h e en d of this p eriod that fi eld t rials b egan

to occupy t he att en tio n of b reed ers arid spo rtsm en a n d ,

although S ett ers h a d b een g etti n g i n to equal reput e for t he

b eauty of th ei r wo rk t h ere was som ethi n g more b rillian t about
,

t he Poi n t ers at fi rst B rockto n s Boun c e wa s a magnificen t

’
.

dog a wi n n er on t h e show b en ch a n d of t he first Fi eld Trial

, ,
 T H E P O I N T ER 29

in E n glan d Newton s R an ger wa s a n oth er of t he early per

.
’

fo rm ers a n d he wa s v ery staun ch an d b rillian t but it was in

, ,

t he n ext fiv e y ea rs that t he most ext rao rdi n ary Poi n t er m erit

was s een as quit e i n comparabl e was S ir Richard G arth s
,
’

D rak e who was j ust fiv e g en eratio n s from t he Span ish Poi n t er

,
.

D rak e was rath er a tall gaun t dog but with imm en s e d epth , ,

of gi rt h lon g should ers lo n g h au n ch es a n d a b en evol en t

, , , ,

qui et cou n t en an c e Th ere wa s n othi n g very attractiv e about

.

h im wh en walki n g about at Stafford prio r to his t rial but t he ,

mom en t h e wa s down h e s eem ed to paralys e his oppo n en t ,

as he w en t half as fast agai n It was calculat ed t h at h e w en t .

fi fty mil es an hou r a n d at t h is t rem en dous pac e h e would stop

,

as if p etri fied a n d t h e mom en tum wo uld cover him wit h earth

,

a n d dust H e did n ot s eem capabl e of maki n g a mistak e

.
,

a n d h is bi rds were al ways at about t h e sam e dista n c e from

him to S how th ereby h is extrao rdi n ary n os e a n d con fid en c e

, .

N othi n g in his day could b eat him in a fi eld He got som e .

good stock but th ey were n ot gen erally show form t he bitch es

, ,

by him b ei n g mostly light a n d small a n d his so n s a bit hi gh ,

on t h e leg No n e of t h em had h is pac e but som e were capital

.
,

p erform ers such as S ir Thomas L en n ard s Mallard Mr

,
’

, .

G eorg e Pilki n gt o n s T ory Mr Lloyd Pric e s Luck of E d en h all

’
, .
’

wi n n er of t h e Fi eld Trial D erby 1 8 7 8 Lo rd D o wn e s Mars ,

’

a n d Bou n c e a n d Mr Barclay Fi eld s R iot

,
Wh en S ir Ric h a rd
.
’
.

G art h wen t to I n dia a n d sold his k en n el of Poin t ers at T att er

sall s Mr Lloyd Pric e gave 1 5 0 guin eas for D rak e
’

, . .

Th e mid c en tu ry o wn ers a n d b reed ers had p robably a ll t h e

-

a d van tag es of wh at a past g en eratio n had do n e as th ere were ,

c ert ai n ly man y wo n d erful Poi n t ers in t h e fifties sixti es a n d ’

,
’
,

’
s ev en ti es as old men livi n g to day will freely allo w Th ey
,
-
.

w ere produc ed v ery regularly too in a marvellous typ e of , ,

p erfection .

Mr Willi am Ark wrig h t of Sutto n Sca rsdal e D erbyshi re

.
, , ,

has probably t he b est k en n el in E n gla n d at t h e p res en t tim e ‘

H e discov ered a n d revived a n old b reed of t h e No rth of E n glan d

that was black an d b red for a great ma n y years by Mr Pap e
,
.
,
1 30 DOG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
of Carlisl e a n d his fath er b efore him With th es e Mr Ar kwright
,
. .

h as b red to t h e b est wo rki n g strai n s with t h e result tha t ,

h e has had ma n y good fi eld trial wi n n ers F or a good ma n y .

y ears n ow E lias Bis h op of Newto n A bbot has k ept up th e old

, ,

b reeds of D evo n Poi n t ers t h e Ch Ban gs t he Mik es a n d th e

, .
, ,

B rack en burg R omps a n d his have b een am o n gst t h e b est at

,

t he shows an d t h e fi eld t ri als duri n g t h e past f ew y ears .

Th ere ar e of cours e exc eptio n s to t h e rul e that man y of t h e

, ,

mod ern Poi n t ers do n ot carry about th em t h e ai r of th ei r

t ru e busin ess but it would app ear that fewer p eopl e k eep
th em n ow than was t h e cas e a quart er of a c en tury ago owi n g ,

to th e advan c e of quick S hooti n g oth erwis e drivi n g a n d t h e

-
, ,

con s equ en t fallin g away of the old fashio n ed m ethods both -

,

for t he stubbl e a n d t h e moo r How ever th ere a re man y still

.
,

who en j oy t h e wo rk of dogs a n d it would be a S in i n d eed in

,

t h e cal en dar of B ritish spo rts if t h e fi n e old b reed of Point er

w ere allowed ev en to d et erio rat e Th e apparen t dan g er is .

that t he p erso n al or i n di vidual el em en t is dyi n g out I n .

t he s ev en ti es t h e n am e of D rak e Ba n g or G a rn et w ere lik e

’
, ,

hous ehold words P eopl e talk ed of t h e gr eat Poin t ers Th ey

. .

were S pok en of in club chat or gossip writt en abou t ; a n d

t h e p rosp ects of th e moo rs w ere much associat ed with t h e up
to dat e charact ers of t h e Poi n t ers a n d S ett ers Th ere is
-
.

v ery littl e of this so rt of talk n ow a days G un s are more - -

.

critically spok en of Th ere is howev er a wid e en ough wo rld

.
, ,

to supply with firs t class Poi n t ers I n E n gl an d s n um erous

-
.
’

colo n i es it may be much more fi tti n g to shoot over dogs It .

has b een t ri ed in South A frica with marvellous res ults .

D esc en dan ts of Ban g hav e d elig h t ed t he lo n e colo n ist on Cap e

part ridg e a n d quails an d Poi n t ers suit th e climat e wh ereas
, ,

S ett ers do n ot The Point er is a n obl e b reed to tak e up as

.
,

thos e still in middle li fe have s een its extrao rdi n ary m erit
wh en ev er b red in t he right way A s to t he es s en ti al points
.

o f t h e b reed th ey may be s et down as fo l

, lows
H ea d—S hould b e wid e from ear to ear lo n g an d slan ti n g from t h e ,

top of t h e skull to t h e s etti n g on of th e n os e ch eek bo n es p romi n en t

 C HA P TE R XXIII
T HE SE T T E R S

I THE E N GLI S H S E TTE R —

. I n som e fo rm or oth er S ett ers are
.

to be fou n d wh erever gu n s are in frequ en t us e a n d irresp ectiv e

of t he p recis e class of wo rk th ey hav e to p erform but th eir
p rop er sph ere is eith er on t he moo rs wh en t h e red grous e a re
,

in qu est or on t he stubbl es a n d amon gst t he root crops wh en

, ,

S ept emb er com es in a n d t he part ridg e s easo n comm en ces

, .

R ob ert D udl ey E arl of L eic est er is suppos ed to have b een

, ,

t h e fi rst p erso n to t rai n s etti n g dogs in t h e ma n n er which

has b een co mmo n ly adopt ed by his succ essors His lordship .

liv ed in t he middl e of t he sixt een th c en tu ry a n d was th erefo re ,

a co n t emporary of Dr Caius who may possibly hav e b een

.
,

ind ebt ed to t he E arl for i n fo rmation wh en in his work on ,

E n gli s h D ogges h e wrot e of t he S ett er u n d er t h e n am e of t h e

,

I n d ex
.

Though S ett ers a re divid ed i n to th ree disti n ct va ri eti es

—The E n glish t he I rish an d t he G o rdon or Black an d Ta n
,

, ,

th ere can be n o doubt that all hav e a commo n o ri gi n though ,

it is scarc ely probabl e in vi ew of th ei r dissimilarity that t h e

, ,

sam e i n di vidual an c esto rs ca n be suppos ed to be th ei r o rigi n al

p rog en ito rs Nearly all authoriti es agree that t he Span i el
.

family is accoun tabl e on on e sid e a n d this co n t en tio n is bo rn e

,

Out to a co n sid erabl e ext en t by old illust ration s an d painti n gs

of S ett ers at wo rk in which th ey are i n variably d epict ed as
,

b ei n g v ery much lik e t he old liver an d whit e Span i el though ,

of di fferen t colours D oubt exists as to th e oth er S id e of th eir

.

h eredity but it do es n ot n ec essarily follow that all thos e who

,

fi rst bred th em us ed t he sam e m ean s O f t he th eori es put .

 T H E S E TT E R S 1 33

forward that whi ch carri es t he most pres umm

, iv e evid en c e
must go to t he credit of t he old Span ish Poi n t er Wh ere els e.

could t h ey i n h erit that wo n d erful sc en ti n g power that styl e

,

in which th ey draw up to t h ei r gam e th ei r statu esqu e attitud e

,

wh en on poin t an d abov e all t h e stau n ch n ess an d pati en c e

, , ,

by whic h th ey h old t h ei r gam e S p ellboun d u n til t h e S hoot er

has tim e to walk l eisu rely up ev en from a co n sid erabl e
,

distan c e
But apart from t he qu estio n of th ei r o ri gi n t h e di fferen t
, ,

vari eti es hav e man y oth er attribut es in commo n all p erform

t h e sam e ki n d of wo rk a n d in t h e sam e ma n n er
, co n s equ en tly
t h e syst em of b rea k i n g or t rai n i n g th em vari es o n ly acco rdi n g
to th e t emp er or id eas of thos e who u n d ertak e t h eir schooli n g .

F ew dogs are mo re admi red than E n glish S ett ers a n d thos e ,

who are look ed upo n as p rofession al exhibito rs hav e n ot b een

S low to reco gn is e t h e fact that wh en a really good youn g dog

mak es its app earan c e it is a formidabl e rival am o n gst all o t h er

b reeds wh en t he sp ecial p riz es com e to be allott ed .

S een eith er at its l egi timat e work as a gun dog or as a

dom estic companio n t h e E n glish S ett er is on e of t he most
,

grac eful an d b eautiful of th e can i n e rac e a n d its el egan t fo rm

,

a n d f eat h ery coat comma n d i n sta n t a d mi ratio n Tw en ty

.

years ago it was kn o wn by s ev eral di sti n ct n am es amo n g th e ,

mo re importan t b ei n g t h e Blu e B elto n s a n d L av era ck s and ,

this r egardles s of a n y co n sid eratio n as to wh eth er or n ot th e

dogs w ere in a n y way co n n ect ed by relatio n ship to th e stock
which had earn ed fam e for ei th er of th es e tim e ho n oured -

n am es . It was t he great i n creas e in t he n umb er of shows

and som e co n fusio n on t he part of exhibito rs that mad e it
n ec es sary for t he K en n el Club to classify u n d er on e h eadi n g

th es e an d oth ers whi ch had attai n ed som e amount of

n otability an d t h e old t erms hav e gradually b een dr opp ed .

D oubtl ess t h e E n glish S ett er Club h as do n e much si n c e its

i n stitutio n in 1 890 to en courag e thi s b reed of dog and has ,

p rov ed t he us efuln ess of t he club by providi n g two v ery ”

valuabl e trophi es t he E xhibito rs Chall en g e Cup a n d t he

,
’
1 34 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
Fi eld Trial Chall en g e Cup for comp etition amo n gst its ,

m emb ers b esides havi n g lib erally support ed all t he l eadi n g

,

S hows ; h en c e it has rig h tly com e to be regard ed as t h e

o n ly aut h o rity from which a n acc eptabl e an d o ffi cial di ctum
for t h e guida n c e of ot h ers ca n ema n at e .

Th e fo llowi n g is t h e stan dard of poi n ts issu ed by t he

E n glish S ett er Club :
H ea d—T h e h e ad should b e lo n g an d l ea n with well d efi n ed stop ,
-
.

Th e skull oval from ear to ear sho win g p l en ty of b rai n room a n d with , ,

a well d efi n ed o ccipital p rotub eran ce T h e muzzl e mod erat ely d eep

-
.

a n d fai rly squa re f rom t h e stop to t h e poi n t of t h e n os e should b e lo n g ,

t h e n ost rils wid e a n d t h e j aws of n ea rly e qual l en gth

, fl ews n ot too
p en dulous Th e colou r of t h e n os e should b e black or dark or light
.
, ,

liv er acco r di n g to t h e colou r of t h e coat Th e ey es should b e b right

, .
,

mild a n d i n t ellig en t a n d of a dark haz el colou r t h e dark er t h e b ett er

, , , .

T h e e ars of mod erat e l en gth s et on low an d ha n gi n g in n eat folds clos e

,

to t h e ch eek t h e tip should b e v elvety t h e upp er part cloth e d with fi n e

silky hair Neck —T h e n e ck should b e rath er lo n g muscular a n d l ean
,

.
, , ,

slightly ar ch e d at t h e crest a n d cl ea n out wh ere it j oin s t h e h ead ;

,

to wa rds t h e should er it should b e la rger a n d v ery muscular n ot thr oaty , ,

with a n y p en dulosity b elo w t h e th roat but e l e gan t a n d bloodlik e in

app e aran c e B o d y—T h e body should b e of mod erat e l en gth with
,

.
,

should ers well s et b ack or obliqu e back sho rt a n d l evel loin s wid e ,

slightly a r ch e d st ro n g an d muscular Ch est d eep in t h e b risk et with

good rou n d wid ely spru n g rib s d eep in t h e back r ibs—that is well
.
, ,
-

L eg s a n d F eet—Th e stifl e s should b e well b en t an d ragge d

, ,

r ibb e d up .
,

thighs lo n g from hip to hock T h e fo rearm big a n d v ery muscular .

,

t h e elbo w well let do wn P ast ern s sho rt muscula r a n d st raight

.
, , .

T h e f eet v ery clos e a n d compact a n d well p r ot e ct e d by hair b etween

T ail—T h e tail should b e s et on almost in a lin e with t h e back
,

t h e to e s .

m e dium l en gth n ot cu rly or ropy to b e slightly cu rv e d or scimitar

, ,

shap e d but with n o t en d en cy to tu rn upwar ds ; t h e fl ag or feath er

,

han gin g in lo n g p en da n t fl ak es ; t h e feath er should n ot comm en c e

,

at t h e root but slightly b elo w a n d in creas e in l en gth to t h e middl e

, , ,

t h en gr adually tap er off to war ds t h e en d ; a n d t h e h air lo n g b right

soft a n d s ilky wavy but n ot curly Co a t a n d F eath erin g—T h e coat
, ,

.
,

from t h e back of t h e h ead in a lin e with t h e e ars ought to b e slightly

wavy lo n g a n d silky which should b e t h e cas e with t h e coat g en erally
, , ,

t h e b re e ch e s a n d fo re l e gs n e arly do wn to t h e f e et should b e well

feath ere d Colour a n d Mark in gs—T h e colou r may b e eith er black an d
-
, ,

whit e l emo n a n d whit e liv er a n d whit e or t ricolou r—that is black

.

, , , , ,

whit e a n d t an, thos e without h eavy patch es of colou r on t h e body ,

but fl eck ed all ov er p referred .

II THE I R I S H S E TTE R Though this vari ety has n ot

. .
-

attai n ed such pop ularity as its E n glish cousin it is n ot b ecaus e ,

it is regarded as b ei n g l ess pleasi n g to the ey e for in gen eral ,

1 3 6 D OG S A N D A L L A B OU T T HE M

n arro w in fro n t T h e ribs well sp run g l e avin g pl en ty of lu n g room

.
, .

L oi n s muscular a n d slightly arch ed T h e hin d quart ers wid e an d -

—
.

p o w e r ful L eg s a n d. F eet T h e hi n d l e gs from hip to hock should b e -

l o n g a n d muscula r ; fr om hock to h eel sho rt a n d stro n g T h e sti fl e .

a n d h ook j oi n ts well b en t a n d n ot in cli n e d eith er in or out

, Th e fo re .

legs should b e st raight a n d si n ewy havi n g pl en ty of bo n e with elbo ws , ,

free well let do wn a n d lik e t h e ho oks n ot i n cli n ed eith er in or out

, , , , .

T h e f eet sm all v ery fi rm ; to e s stro n g clos e tog eth er a n d ar ch e d

T ail—T h e tail should b e of mod erat e l en gth s et on r ath er low stro n g
, , , .

, ,

a t root a n d tap eri n g to a fi n e poi n t to b e ca rri e d as n ea rly as possibl e

on a l v
e e l or b
,

lo
e w t h e back C o a t— .
,

Ou t h e h ead fro n t of l e gs an d , ,

tips of e ars t h e coat should b e sho rt an d fi n e but on all oth er parts

of t he body a n d l e gs it ought to b e of mod erat e l en gth fl at a n d as free
as possib l e from cu rl or wav e F eath erin g—Th e feath er on t h e upp er
, ,

po rtio n of t h e e ars should b e lo n g a n d silky ; on t h e b ack of fo re a n d

hi n d l egs lo n g an d fi n e a fai r amou n t of hair on t h e b elly fo rmin g a
-
,

n ic e fri n g e which may e xt en d on ch e st an d thr oat

,
F ee t to b e well .

feath ered b etween t h e to es T ail to hav e a n ic e fri n ge of mod erat ely

.

lo n g hair d e creasi n g in l en gth as it app roach es t h e poi n t All feath er

, .

in g to b e as straight a n d as fl at as possibl e Colour a n d M a rk i n gs .

Th e colou r should b e a rich gold en ch est n ut with n o t rac e what ev er of ,

black whit e on ch est throat or to es or a sm all star on t h e fo reh ead

, , , ,

or a n arro w st reak or blaz e on t h e n os e or fac e n ot to dis q ualify .

III THE B L
. S AC K A N D
n TAN EW ER —O rigi ally this vari ety
was kn own as t he G o rdo n S ett er but this titl e was only partly ,

co rrect as t h e particular dogs first favoured by t he D uke of

,

G ordon from whom th ey took t h e nam e were black t an and

, , , ,

whit e h eavily built a n d som ewhat clumsy in app earan c e

, , .

But the i n t roductio n of t he I rish blood had t he effect o f maki n g

a raci er looki n g dog mo re f as hio n abl e t he p res en c e of whit e on
-

t he ch est was look ed upon w

,

ith disfavour an d t he K enn el ,

Club s ettl ed t h e di fficulty of n am e by abolishi n g t he t erm

G ordon altog eth er .

Very f ew of this vari ety have app eared at fi eld tri als for
s ev eral y ears past but that ca n n ot be consid ered a v ali d reason
,

”
f or stigmatisi n g th em as old m en s dogs as som e n arrow ’
-
,

m ind ed faddists d elight in calhn g t h em O n t he few occasions .

whe n th e opportu n ity has b een p res en t ed th ey hav e acquitt ed

t h ems elv es at l east as w ell as and on som e occasio n s b ett er ,

t ha n th ei r rivals of oth er va ri eti es p rovi n g to be as fast as

, , ,

s tau n ch a n d as ob edi en t as a n y of th em
,
A n otabl e exampl e .

o f this occurr ed duri n g t h e s eason of 1 9 0 2 a n d 1 90 3 wh en Mr , .

 T H E S E T T ER S 1 37

Isaac Sharp e s Stylish R an g er was so remarkably succ essful

’

at t h e t rials .

It is very di ffi cult to accou n t for t he lack of i n t erest which

is tak en in t he vari ety outsid e Scotlan d but t he fact rem ai n s ,

t h at v ery few hav e app eared at fi eld t rials withi n rec en t years ,

a n d that o n ly about fou r own ers are t roubli n g t he o fficials of

E n glish shows regula rly at t he p res en t tim e .

I n Fra n c e B elgium No rway and esp ecially in R ussia this

, , ,

h a n dsom e spo rti n g dog is a far great er favou rit e than it is

in G reat B ritai n n ot o n ly f or wo rk with t h e gun but as a
, ,

compan ion a n d it is a fact that at man y a Co n ti n en tal dog show

,

more sp ecim en s of t h e b reed a re ex h ibit ed t h an could be

g ath ere d tog e th er in t h e whol e of t h e U n it ed Ki n gdom .

Th e wa n t of a n activ e o rgan isatio n wh ich would fost er

a n d en courag e t h e i n t erests of t he Black and Ta n S ett er is

much to be d eplo red a n d is without doubt t h e chi ef caus e of

, , ,

its b ei n g so much n egl ect ed for in th es e stren uous days wh en , ,

almost ev ery breed or vari ety of b reed is back ed up by its own

votari es it can n ot be exp ect ed that such as a re n ot constantly
,

k ept in promi n enc e will rec eiv e an ythi n g mo re than scant

co n sid eratio n .

Th e Black an d Tan S ett er is h eavi er than t he E n glish or

Irish vari eti es but shows mo re of t he hou n d a n d l ess of th e
,

Span i el The h ead is stro n g er than that of t he E n glish S ett er

.
,

with a d eep er a n d b road er muzzl e and h eavi er lips The ears .

a re also som ewhat lo n g er a n d th e ey es frequ ently S how

,

t h e haw Th e black should be as j et an d en ti rely free from

.
,

whi t e. Th e t a n on t he ch eeks and ov er t h e ey es on th e feet ,

a n d past ern s should be b right a n d cl early d efin ed an d t he

, ,

f eath eri n g on t he fore l egs a n d thi ghs should also be a rich

-
,

d ark mahoga n y t an .

Amo n gst t h e old est a n d most succ essful own ers of S ett ers
who hav e co n sist en tly comp et ed at fi eld t rials may be men
t ion ed Colon el Cot es whos e Pri n c e Fred erick was p robably
,

t he most wo n d erful back er ev er known M essrs Purc ell . .

Ll ew ellyn W Arkwright E lias an d J am es Bishop F C L owe

, .
, , . .
,
1 3 8 DOG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M

J . G Pott
S hort hos e er an d S Smal
,
e wh o
. may be co n sid er ed.
,

t h e old est S ett er j udg es and wh o h av e o wn ed dogs whos e,

prow ess in t h e fi eld h as broug h t th em hi gh reputatio n Mr . .

B J W arwick h as wi t hi n recen t years o wn ed probably more

. .

wi n n ers at fi eld t rials t h an an y oth er own er on e of hi s b ein g ,

Compton Bou n ce Captai n H eywood L on sdal e h as on s everal

.

occasio n s prov ed th e I ght fi eld strain to be staun ch a n d tru e ,

as wit n ess t he dough ty d eeds of D uk e of that ilk an d t h e ,

S pl en did succ ess h e achi ev ed at rec en t grous e trials in Scot

lan d with hi s I gh t fi eld R ob R oy Mack a n d D ot th e firs t , , ,

n am e d wi n n i n g t h e all ag ed stak e an d t h e oth ers b ei n g first

-
,

an d thi rd in t h e puppy stak e Mr Herb ert Mitch ell has b een

. .

an oth er good patro n of t he trials a n d has won man y important ,

stak es Mr A T Williams has also own ed a few n ot ed trial

. . . .

win n ers an d from Scotlan d com es Mr Isaac Sharp e whos e

,
.
,

G ordo n S ett er Stylish R an g er has effectually put a stop to

, ,

t h e silly argum en t that all this b reed are old m en s dogs

’
.

Man y of th e old er fi eld t rial men hold t en aciously to th e

O pi n io n that t he mod ern exhibitio n S ett er is us el ess f or high

class wo rk an d co n t en d that if fi eld t rial wi n n ers ar e to be

,
-

produc ed th ey must be b red from n ot ed worki n g strai n s .

D oubtl ess this prej udic e in favour of worki n g dogs h as b een

en g en d ered by t h e ci rcum stan c e that m any own ers of c el e

bra t ed b en ch win n ers ca re n othi n g about th ei r dogs b ei n g

trai n ed in som e cas es g en eratio n aft er gen eratio n havi n g b een
,

b red simply for sho w p urpos es Un d er such co n ditio n s it .

is not to be wo n d ered at that t h e capacity for fi n e scen ti n g

prop erti es an d t h e n atural aptitud e for quick ly picki n g up a
kn owl edg e of t h ei r prop er duti es in t he fi eld is imp air ed .

But th ere is n o reaso n why a good show dog should not also
be a good wo rk er an d t he rec en t edict of t h e K en n el Club
,

which rul es that n o gun dog shall be en titl ed to champio n ship

hon ours un til it has gai n ed a c erti fi cat e of m erit in fi eld trials
will doubtl ess t en d towards a g en eral improv em en t in th e
worki n g qu ali ti es of th e breeds whos e provid en c e is in t he
fin di n g and retri evi n g of gam e .
1 4 0 DOG S A N D A L L A B OU T T HE M
a coat that would p rot ect its wearer from th e ill effects o f
f requ en t imm ersio n in wat er
It was wh en th es e effo rts were most activ e—n am ely about
.

t he e y ar 8
1 5 o— that n ew mat erial was discov ered in a black
c oat ed dog rec en tly i n troduc ed i n to E n gla n d from L ab rado r .

H e was a n atural wat er dog with a co n stitutio n imp ervious

-
,

to chills a n d en ti rely free from t he liability to ea r can k er

, ,

which had always b een a dr awback to th e us e of th e Spani e l

a s a ret ri ev er of wat erfowl Mo reov er he was hims elf reput ed
.
,

t o be a born retri ev er of gam e and remarkably sagacious ,His .

i mpo rt ers call ed hi m —

a Spa i l a b reed n am e w hich at on e
n e

t im e was also appli ed to his r elativ e t h e N ewfou n dlan d .

P robably th ere w er e n ot man y sp ecim en s of t he rac e in

E n glan d an d alt h ough th ere is n o reco rd explicitly sayi n g
, ,

so it is co n j ectured that th es e wer e cross ed with th e E n gli sh

,

S ett er produci n g what is n ow familiarly kn o wn as th e black

, ,

fl a t coat ed R et ri ev er
-
.

On e v ery r emarkabl e attribut e of t h e R etri ever is that

n otwithsta n di n g t he known fact that t he par en t stock was

mo n grel a n d that in t he early dogs t h e S ett er typ e larg ely

,

p r edomi n at ed t h e ultimat
,
e result has favou red t h e L abrador

c ross disti n ctly a n d p romi n en tly p rovi n g how pot en t even , ,

wh en graft ed upo n a stock admitt edly various is t he blood ,

o f a pur e rac e a n d how powerful its i n fl u enc e for fixi n g typ e

,

a n d charact er ov er t h e oth er l ess vital el em en ts with which it

i s bl en d ed .

From t he first S po rtsm en recogn is ed th e ext rem e valu e of

,

t he n ew r et ri evi n g d og Stren gth en ed a n d improv ed by th e

.

L abrado r blood h e had lost littl e if an y of t he S ett er b eauty

,

of fo rm He was a d ign ifi ed substan tial i n t ellig en t good

.
, , ,

t emp ered a ff ectionat e compa n io n fai thful tal en t ed highly

, , , ,

c ultivat ed a n d est eem ed in t h e s easo n a n d out of it for his

, , ,

mi n d as well as his b eauty .

It is o n ly comparatively r ec en tly that we have realis ed how

e xc ell en t a n a l
l rou n d spo rti n g dog t he R etri ev er has b ecom e
-
.

In man y cas es ind eed wh ere grous e and partridg e a re dri v en

, ,
 THE RE T R I E V E R S 1 41

or walk ed up a w ell b rok en soft mouth ed R etri ever is un ques

- -
,
-

ti on ably sup erio r to Poi n t er S ett er or Span i el an d for g en eral

, , ,

wo rk in t he fi eld h e is t he b est compan io n that a shooti n g

man can poss ess .

D oubtl ess in earli er days wh en t he a rt of trai n i n g was l es s

,

tho roughly u n d erstood t he b reaki n g of a dog wa s a matt er of

,

i n fin it e troubl e to breed ers Most of t h e gun dogs could be

.

taught by pati en c e an d practic e to retri ev e fur or f eath er but ,

gam e carefully a n d skilfully shot is easily ren dered valu el ess

by b ei n g mumbl ed a n d maul ed by pow erful j aws n ot school ed
to g en tl en ess An d this qu estio n of a t en d er mouth wa s
.

c ertai n ly on e of t h e probl ems t h at p ertu rb ed t h e mi n ds of t he

ori gi n ators of t h e b reed The di ffi cul t y was overcom e by
.

proc ess of s el ectio n a n d by t he exclusio n from b reedi n g

,

op erati o n s of all hard mout h ed sp ecim en s with t h e happ y

-
,

e ffect t h at in t h e pr es en t tim e it is exc eptio n al to fin d a

wo rki n g R etri ev er who do es n ot kn o w how to bri n g his bird

to han d without i n j u ri n g it A b ett er k n o wl edg e of what is
.

exp ect ed of him disti n guish es our mod ern R et ri ev er He .

kn o ws his duty a n d is i n t en s ely eag er to p erform it but h e

, ,

n o lo n g er rush es off u n bidd en at t h e fi ri n g of t h e gun He .

has l earn ed to remai n at h eel u n til h e is o rdered by wo rd or

g estu re from his mast er upo n whom h e reli es as hi s fri en d an d
,

di recto r
.

It would be idl e to exp ect that t h e o ffspri n g of u n b rok en

si re a n d dam can be as easily educat ed as a R etri ever
whos e paren ts b efo re him h av e b een prop erly t rai n ed .

Inh erit ed qualiti es coun t for a great d eal in t h e adaptability

of all spo rtin g dogs an d t h e reaso n why on e m eets with s o
,

man y R et ri ev ers that a re i n capabl e or di sob edi en t or gu n shy -

is simply that th ei r prelimi n ary educatio n has b een n egl ect ed

t h e educatio n whic h should b egi n wh en t h e dog is v ery youn g .

I n his earli est you t h h e should be trai n ed to p rompt

ob edi en c e to a giv en wo rd or a wave of t he han d It is well .

to t each hi m v ery early to en t er wat er or he may be fo und

, ,

wan ti n g wh en you requi re him to f etch a bi rd from riv er or

1 4 2 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
lake L esso n s in retri evi n g ought to be a part of hi s d ai ly
.

routi n e E qually n ec essary is it to b reak him in to th e know

.

l edge th at S h eep a n d l am bs a re n ot gam e to be chas ed a n d ,

that rabbits and har es a re to be discrimin at ed from feath ered

Gun shyn ess is oft en suppos ed to be h eredi tary ; but it is

-

n ot so An y puppy can be cu red of gun shyn ess in half a

.
-

d oz en S hort l esso n s S ir Hen ry Smith s advic e is to get your

’
.

puppy accustom ed to the sou n d a n d sight of a gun b ei n g fir ed ,

first at a dista n c e and gradually n ear er a n d n ea rer u n til h e ,

kn ows that n o harm will com e to him Companio n s hip and .

sympathy b etween dog a n d mast er is t h e b egi n n i n g an d en d

of th e whol e busin ess a n d th ere is a moral obligation b etween
,

th em which ough t n ev er to be strai n ed .

Both as a wo rk er a n d as a S ho w dog t he fla t coat ed R etri ever -

has reach ed som ethi n g v ery n ear to th e id eal standard of

p erfection whi ch has b een co n sist en tly bred up to Careful .

s el ectio n an d syst ematic b reedi n g back ed up by en thusiasm

, ,

have result ed in t he productio n of a dog combi n i n g us eful

worki n g qualiti es with t he high est d egree of b eauty .

A v ery promi n en t a d mirer a n d b reed er was t h e lat e Mr S E . . .

S hi rl ey th e Presid en t of t he K en n el Club who own ed man y

, ,

R etri evers sup erlative both as wo rk ers a n d as show dogs ,

and who probably did mo re for t h e breed than a n y oth er man

o f hi s g en eratio n .

Mr Shi rley s work was carri ed on by Mr Hardi n g Cox

.
’
.
,

who d evot ed much tim e a n d en ergy to t h e productio n of good

R etri ev ers man y of whi ch w ere of Mr S hi rl ey s strai n Mr
, .
’
. .

Cox s dogs d es ervedly achi ev ed co n sid erabl e fam e for th eir

’

l eveln ess of typ e an d th e imp rovem en t in h eads so n oticeable

,

at t he pres en t tim e is to be ascrib ed to his breedi n g for this

poi n t Mr L A llen Shut er th e own er of Ch D aren th a n d
. . .
, .

oth er excell en t R etri evers of his own b reedin g clai ms also a ,

l ar ge share of cr edi t for the part he has played in t he gen eral

improvem en t of t h e breed Mr C A Phillips too own ed
. . . .
, ,

a dmi rabl e S p ecim en s and t h e n am e of t h e lat e L i eut Colo n el

, .
-
 THE RE T R I E V E R S 43

Co rn wall L egh must be i n clud ed Man y of Colo n el L egh S .

’

bitch es w ere of Shi rl ey blood but it is b eli eved that a b reed ,

of R etri ev ers had exist ed at High L egh for s everal g en era

tion s wit h which a j udicious cross was mad e th e result b ei n g
, ,

n ot o n ly t h e formatio n of a remarkabl e k en n el but also a ,

d ecid e d i n flu en c e for good upo n t h e b reed in g en eral .

But sin c e t h e Shi rl ey days wh en comp etitio n was mo re ,

li mi t e d t h an it is at pres en t n o k en n el of R etri evers has ever ,

a ttai n e d a n ythi n g lik e t h e di stin ctio n of t h at own ed by Mr .

H R egi n ald Cook e at Riversid e Nan twich

.
,
By acquirin g , .

t he b est sp eciin en s of th e b reed from all av ai labl e sou rc es Mr , .

Cook e has gat h ered tog eth er a stock which has n ev er b een
e quall ed His id eas of typ e an d co n fo rmatio n a re t h e outcom e
.

o f clos e a n d att en tiv e study a n d con sist en t practic e a n d ,

o n e n eeds to go to R iv ersid e if on e d esi res to s ee t h e high est

e xampl es of what a mod ern fi a t coat ed R et ri ev er ca n be -

.

Si n c e Dr Bo n d Moore impart ed to th e R etri ev er a fixit y

.

of charact er t h e coats hav e b ecom e lon g er a n d l ess wavy

, ,

a n d in co n formatio n of skull colour of ey e straightn ess of , ,

l egs a n d quality of bo n e th ere has b een a p erc eptibl e

, ,

improv em en t .

AS th ere is n o club d evot ed to t h e b reed a n d co n s equ ently ,

n o o ffi cial stan da rd of poi n ts t h e fo llowi n g d escriptio n of t h e ,

p erf ect R etri ev er is o ffered

Gen era l A ppearan ce—T hat of a well p ropo rtio n ed b right an d activ e -

spo rti n g dog sho wi n g po wer without lumb er a n d raci n ess without
H ea d—L o n g fi n e without b ei n g we ak t h e muzzl e square
,

we e di n ess .
, , , ,

t h e u n d erj a w stro n g with a n abs en c e of lippi n ess or th roati n ess E y es .

D ark as possibl e with a v ery i n t ellig en t mild e xp re ssio n Neck

L o n g a n d cl ea n E ars —S mall well s et on a n d carri ed clos e to t h e
-
, , .

h e ad S h oul d ers —Obliq ue ru n n i n g well i n to t h e back with pl en ty of

.
, ,

d ep t h of ch est B ody—S ho r t a n d squa re a n d well ribb e d up S t ern

.
, ,

— ,
. .

S h ort a n d st raight a n d ca rri e d gaily but n ot cu rl e d ov er t h e back

'

F o re-l eg s —S traig h t past ern s st ro n g f e e t sma ll a n d rou n d % u arters

.
, ,

Co a t —
, , .

S t ro n g ; sti fl es well b en t D en s e black or liver of fi n e quality

—
.
,

a n d t e xtu re F lat n ot wavy

. W gei
, h t From 6 5 lb to 8 0 lb f or dogs
. . .

bitch es rath er l ess .

As a rul e t he R etri ever should

chos en for t he i n t ellig en t be
look of his fac e and particular att en tion should be paid to t he
,
1 44 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
shap e of his h ead an d to his ey es His fram e is impo rtan t of .
,

cours e but in t he R et ri ever t he m en tal qualiti es are of mor e

,

signi fi can c e than bodily poi n ts .

Th ere has b een a t en d en cy in rec en t ye ars amo n g R et ri ev er

breed ers to fall i n to th e common error of exaggerati n g a par
ticula r poi n t a n d of b reedi n g dogs with a h ea d fa r too fi n e a n d
,

n a rrow—it is what has b een aptly call ed t h e alligato r h ead

lacki n g in b rai n capacity a n d power of j aw A p erfect h ead .

should be lo n g a n d cl ean but n eith er w eak n or s n ipy The

, .

ey e should be plac ed j ust halfway b etw een t h e occiput and

t h e tip of t h e n os e .

It is pleasin g to add that to this b eautiful b reed t he ph ras e

handsom e is as handsom e do es appli es in full m easure .

Not o n ly is t h e av erag e R et ri ev er of a compan io n abl e disposi

tio n with d eli g h tful i n t ellig en c e th at is always respo n sive
, ,

but h e is a good an d faith ful guard an d a courageous prot ector

of p erso n a n d prop erty It has already b een said that t h e
;

maj ority of t he b est lookin g R etri ev ers a re also good wo rki n g

-

dogs an d it may h ere be add ed that man y of t h e most succ ess

,

ful worki n g dogs a re sired by priz e wi n n ers in t he s h ow ri n g-

.

C U RLY C OATE D R E T RI E VE R
THE -

The curly coat ed R et ri ev er is commo n ly b eli ev ed to be

-

of earli er o rigi n t h an his fl a t —

coat ed relativ e an d h e is of l ess ,

pure d esc en t He probably o wes a n c est ral t ribut e to th e

.

Poodl e Such a cross may co n c eivably hav e b een resort ed

.

to by t h e early R etri ever b reed ers and t h ere wa s h t t le to ,

los e from a m erely S po rti n g poi n t of vi ew from t h is ali en

i n troduction for t h e Poodl e is w ell kn o wn to be by n ature
, ,

it not by syst ematic t rai n i n g an exc ell en t wat er dog capabl e

, ,

of b ein g taught an ythin g t h at t he can in e mi n d can compre

h en d D uri n g t h e ear ly years of t he n i n et een th c en tury
.

t h e Poodl e was fai rly pl en tiful in E n glan d an d we had no ,

oth er cu rly coat ed dog of similar S iz e an d typ e apart from t he

-

I rish W at er Span i el who may h ims elf lay claim to Poodl e

,

r elatio n ship ; whi le as to th e R etri ev er eith er cu rly or ,

1 46 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
whol e t he follo wi n g may
,
be tak en as an all roun d
-

d escriptio n
Gen era l Appea ran ce T hat of a smart active cl ea n cut a n d alert
- -

dog full of go a n d fi re—a spo rtsma n from st em to st em H ea d —L o n g

, ,

.
,

a n d n ot we e dy in t h e muzzl e n or thick a n d coa rs e in t h e skull but

tap erin g do wn a n d fi n ishi n g with a stout b road muzzl e S k u ll—S hould
, ,

b e fl at a n d mod erat ely b r oad b etween t h e e a rs which are r ath er small

E a rs —
, ,

a n d we ll cov ere d with hai r S hould lie clos e to t h e sid e of t h e

F ac e—
.

h ead but n ot d ead in th ei r ca rriag e T h e fac e should b e smooth

E y e—Th e ey e
,
.
,

a n d a n y i n dicatio n of a fo relock should b e p en alis e d

should in all cas es b e dark a n d n ot too d eeply s et Neck — W ell plac ed
.

in t h e should ers a n d n ic ely a rch e d of mod erat e l en gth a n d y et po werful

S h o ul d ers—W ell laid back an d as free f rom
,

a n d fre e from th roati n ess .

massiv en ess as possibl e though th ere is a d e cid e d t en d en cy in this

va ri ety to such a fault Le gs —S traight a n d well cov ere d with coat
,

. .

T h e bo n e should sho w qu ality a n d y et b e fairly abu n dan t F e et

B o d y—S hould sho w g re at po wer with d e ep
.

C ompact a n d hou n d lik e -

.
, ,

well rou n d e d ribs

-
A s littl e cut u p in t h e fl a n k as possibl e
. T a il
-
.

S t ro n g at t h e bas e s et on in a li n e with t h e back a n d t a p eri n g to a

,

poin t t h e siz e of t h e cu rls upo n it dimi n ishi n g gradually to t h e en d

Hi n d qu a rters—S hould sho w gre at d ev e lopm en t of muscl e with b en t
.
,

-
,

hocks t h e lo wer leg b ei n g stro n g a n d t h e hi n d feet compact A n y

suspicio n of cow hocks should b e h eavily p en a lis e d Colou r—Mostly
.
,

a dull black S om e liv er colou red dogs a re s een with v ery good coats
.
-

a n d bodi e s but th ei r h eads a re g en erally thick a n d coa rs e a n d t h e colou r

, ,

o f t h e i r ey e s do es n ot al ways match as it should do with t h e colou r of , ,

t h e coat A f ew dogs of this colou r hav e achi ev e d disti n ctio n on th e

.

sho w b en ch
T HE LA B RA D OR

Within c t years t h e o ri gi n al smooth coat ed L ab rador

re en -

dog has tak en its plac e as a recogn is ed vari ety of t h e R etri ev er

and b ecom e p romi n en t both at exhibitio n s a n d as a wo rk er .

It is n ot probabl e t hat a n y have b een import ed i n to E n glan d for

t h e past quart er of a c en tu ry but without t h e assistan c e of ,

shows or impo rt ed blood th ey hav e surviv ed marv ellously .

Than ks esp ecially to t h e k en n els of such b reed ers as th e

D uk es of Buccl euch a n d Hamilto n t h e E arl of Verulam , ,

L o rds Wimbo rn e Ho m e an d Malm esbury t he Hon A , , , . .

Hollan d Hibb ert S ir Savil e C rossl ey Mr F P Barn ett

, , . . .
,

Mr C Lidd ell Mr O L Man s el a n d oth ers equally

. .
, . . .
,

en thusiastic .

To t h e D uk e of B uccleuch s k en n el we a re probably more

’

ind ebt ed in t h e last tw enty y ears than to a n y oth er Its .

 THE RE T R I E V E R S 1 47

foun datio n was laid in t wo bitch es by a dog of t he D uk e of

Hamilto n s from a bitc h of L o rd Malm esbu ry s A t D rum
’ ’
.

la n rig as w ell as on t h e D uk e s oth er estat es t h ey hav e b een

’
, ,

most particula r in p res ervi n g t h e pu rity a n d wo rki n g qualiti es

of t h eir st rai n An d t h e sam e may be said of t he Hon A
. . .

Hollan d Hibb ert whos e pri n cipal dogs are n ot o n ly typical

,

in app ea ra n c e but b rok en to p erfectio n

, . The D uch ess of
Ham ilto n s k en n els hav e b een respo n sibl e for som e of t he b est
’

fi eld t rial wi n n ers of t he p res en t day A s far as looks a re

.

co n cern ed on e can n ot say that t he L ab rado r compar es

,

favourably with eith er the fl at or t he curly coat ed R e tri ever ,

but that is immat erial so lo n g as he co n tin u es to wo rk as h e

is doing at p res en t .
 C HA PTE R XXV
T HE SP ORT I NG SP A N I E L

I THE S P ANI E L FAMI LY —The Span i el family is without

. .

any doubt on e of t he most importan t of th e man y groups which

a re includ ed in th e ca n i n e rac e n ot only on accou n t of its ,

undoubt ed antiquity a n d compared with oth er famili es it s

, , ,

w ell auth enticat ed li n eage but also b ecaus e of its many

,

b ran ch es a n d subdivisio n s ran ging in S iz e from t he maj estic

,

a n d massiv e Clumb ers to t he dimi n utiv e toys whi ch we are

a ccustom ed to associat e with fair ladi es laps an d gaily d eck ed

’
-

p ens at our big dog shows .

Mo reov er t he di fferen t vari eti es of S ett ers u n doubt edly

,

d erive th ei r o rigi n from t he sam e paren t stock S i n c e we fin d ,

th em d escrib ed by t he earli er sportin g writ ers as s etti n g %

or crouchi n g Span i els in co n tradistin ction to t he fin d

,

”
in g or sp ri n gi n g Spani el who flush ed t he gam e he
%
,

found without s etti n g or pointi n g it A s tim e went on t h e .

,

s etti n g vari ety was n o doubt br ed larg er an d lo n g er in t he

, ,

leg with a vi ew to i n creas ed pac e

,
but t he Span i el like h ead -

an d coat still remain to p rov e t h e n ea r co n n ection b etween

t he two b reeds .

All th e di fferen t vari eti es of Span i els bo t h sporti n g and ,

toy have with t he exception of th e Clumb er and t he Irish

, ,

Wat er Spani el (who is n ot d espit e his n am e a tru e Spani el at

, ,

all) a commo n origi n though at a v ery early dat e we fin d

th em divid ed i n to two groups—viz L an d an d Wat er Spani els
, ,

.
, ,

a n d th es e two w ere k ept distinct and b red to d evelop thos e ,

poi n ts which w ere most ess en tial for th eir di fferen t sph eres
o f wo rk. The earli es t m ention of Spani els to be found in
1 4 8
 1 5 0 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
t elli n g us that th es e dogs were call ed Span i els b ecaus e th ey
cam e from Spai n .

Th e follo wi n g disti n ct b reeds or vari eti es are recognis ed by

t h e K en n el Club ( 1 ) I rish W at er Spa n i els ( )
2 W at er

Span i els oth er than I rish ( 3 ) Clumb er Span i els (4) Suss ex
Span i els ; ( 5 ) Fi eld Span i els ( 6) E n glish Spri n gers ( 7)
Welsh Spri n g ers ( 8 ) Cock er Spa n i els E ach of th e.s e

vari eti es di ffers co n sid erably from t h e oth ers a n d each h a s ,

its own sp ecial advocat es and admi rers as w ell as it s own ,

particular sph ere of wo rk for which it is b est fitt ed though ,

almost an y Span i el can be mad e i n to a gen eral utility dog ,

whi ch is p erhaps on e of t he m ai n reasons for the popularity

, ,

of the bree d
II THE I R I S H WATE R S P A NI E L —Th er e 1 8 o n ly on e breed
.

of dog k n own in th es e days by t he n am e of I rish Wat er Span i el ,

but if we a re to trust t h e writ ers of no lo n g er ago than half

a c en tury th ere w ere at on e tim e two if n ot th ree breeds of , ,

W at er Span i els p eculiar to t he E m erald Isl e Th es e were t h e .

T weed W at er Spani el t he No rth ern W at er Spa n i el a n d t h e

, ,

South ern Wat er Span i el t he last of th es e b ei n g t he p rogen itors

,

of our mod ern st rai n s .

Th e history of t h e I rish Wat er Spani el is in many ways a

v ery ext rao rdi n a ry on e A cco rdi n g to t he clai m of Mr
. .

J usti n McCarthy it o rigi n at ed en ti rely in his k en n els a n d

, ,

this cl ai m has n ev er b een s eriously disput ed by the subs equ en t

o wn ers a n d b reed ers of th es e dogs It s eems improbabl e that
.

Mr J ustin McCarth y can actually hav e o rigi n at ed or ma n u

.

f a ct ured a b reed poss essi n g so man y ext rem ely ma rk ed

di fferen c es a n d div erg en c es of typ e as t he I rish Wat er Spani el
but what h e p robably did was to rescu e an old an d moribun d
b reed from imp en di n g exti n ctio n a n d so improve it by ,

j udicious b reedi n g a n d cross breedi n g as to gi v e it a n ew

,
-

l eas e of hfe a n d p erman ently fi x its sali en t poi n ts a n d charac

,

t eris t ics How ever that may be littl e s eems to have b een
.
,

k n own of t h e b reed b efo re h e took it in han d and it is v ery ,

c ertai n that n early ev ery I rish W at er Span i el s een for t he las t

 T H E SP OR T I NG SPAN I EL 1 51

half c en tury o wes its d esc en t to his old dog Boats wai n who ,

was bo rn in 1 8 3 4 a n d liv ed for eight een y ea rs He must h av e .

b een a gran d old dog si n c e Mr McCart hy gav e him to Mr

, . .

J oli ffe Tuffn ellin 1 84 9 w h en he wa s fift een years old and his
,

n ew o wn er subs equ en tly b red by him J ack a dog whos e ,

n am e app ea rs in m an y p edigr ees .

It wa s n ot u n til 1 8 62 that t h e b reed s eems to hav e attract ed

muc h n otic e in E n glan d but in t h at y ear t he Birmi n gham
,

Committ ee gave t wo class es for th em in whi ch ho wever , , ,

s ev eral of t he priz es were wit h h eld for wan t of m erit t he n ext

f ew y ea rs saw th es e dogs makin g gr eat st rid es in popularity
and ,
class es b ei n g provid ed at most of t h e impo rtan t shows ,

man y good sp ecim en s were exhibit ed .

D u ri n g t h e last few y ears ho wever t he breed s eems to hav e

, ,

b een progressi n g t h e wro n g way a n d class es at shows hav e

,

n ot b een n ea rly so st ro n g eith er in n umb ers or in qual

, i ty as ,

th ey us ed to be Yet th ere hav e b een an d are still quit e a

.
, ,

larg e n umb er of good dogs a n d bitch es to be s een an d it ,

o n ly n eeds en thusiasm a n d co Op eratio n amon g breed ers

-

to b ri n g back t h e palmi est days of t he Irish Wat er

Span i el.

Th ere is n o m emb er of t h e whol e cani n e fami ly which has a

mo re disti n ctive p erso n al app earan c e than t h e I rish Wat er
Span i el With hi m it is a cas e of o n ce s een n ev er fo rgott en
.
,

a n d n o on e who h as ev er s een on e could possibly mistak e him

for an ythi n g els e th an what h e is His b est fri en ds p robably

.

would n ot claim b eauty in t he aesth etic s en s e for hi m ;

, ,

but h e is attractiv e in a qu ai n t way p ecu liarly his own ,

a n d i n t ellig en t looki n g I n this particular his looks do n ot

-
.

b ewray him h e is in fact on e of t he most i n t ellig en t of all

, ,

t h e dogs us ed in aid of t h e gun a n d in his own S ph ere on e

,

of th e most us eful That S ph ere th ere is n o doubt is that

.
, ,

i n dicat ed by his n am e an d it is in a coun try of bogs an d

,

mars h es lik e t he south an d west of Irelan d of which h e was

, ,

Ori gi n ally a n ativ e wh ere s n ip e a n d W ildfowl p rovid e t he

,

stapl e sport of th e gi mmer that he is in his el em en t and

,
1 52 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
s een at his b est though n o doubt h e can do exc ell ent work
, , ,

as an o rdi n ary retri ev er a n d is oft en us ed as such , .

But Nature (or Mr McCa rt hy s art) has sp ecially form ed a n d .

’

en do wed him for t h e amphibious S po rt i n dicat ed abov e and ,

has provided him with a n exc ell en t n os e an almost wat er ,

p roof coat the spo rti n g i n sti n cts of a t ru e s on of E ri n a n d

, , ,

abov e all a dispositio n full of good s en s e he is high coura ged

,
-
,

a n d at t h e sam e tim e adaptabl e to t h e high est d egr ee of p er

f ect ion in trai n i n g His d etracto rs oft en accus e hi m of

.

b ei n g hard mouth ed but this charg e is n ot w ell fou n d ed

-
, .

Many a dog which is us ed to hu n t or fin d gam e as w ell as to

retri ev e it wi ll oft en kill a woun d ed bi rd or rabbit rath er
,

than allow it to escap e whil e th ere are man y I rish Wat er ,

Span i els who u n d er n o rmal ci rcumsta n c es a re j ust as t end er

, ,

mouth ed as t he most fashio n abl e of black R etri evers B e .

sid es hi s vi rtu es in t he fi eld t he I rish Wat er Span i el has

— a v ery w ell fou n d ed on e—of b ei n g t he b est
,

t e eputatio n
h r -

of pals .

Most p eopl e a re well acquai n t ed with t he p erso n al app ear

an ce of this quai n t looki n g dog Th e poi n ts reg ard ed as -
.

ess en tial a re as follows

Colo ur T h e colou r should always b e a rich dark liver or puce without

-

a n y whit e at all A n y whit e exc ept t h e slight est of

. shirt fro n ts
should disqualify T h e n os e of cours e should co n fo rm to t h e coat in
colou r a n d b e dark b ro wn H ead—T h e h ead should hav e a capaciou s
.

.
,

skull fairly but n ot exc essiv ely dom ed with pl en ty of b rain room
, , .

I t should be su rmou n t ed with a regular topk n ot of cu rly hair a mos t ,

imp ortan t an d disti n ctiv e poi n t T his t opk n ot should n ever b e square .

cut or lik e a poodl e s wig but should gro w do wn to a well d efi n ed poin t

b etween t h e eyes E y es—T h e eyes should b e small dark a n d s et
’
,

obliqu ely lik e a Chi n aman s E a rs—T h e e ars should b e lo n g stro n g

.
, ,
’
.
, ,

in l eath er low s et h e avily ri n gl e t e d a n d from 1 8 to 24 i n ch es lo n g

acco rdin g to siz e Muzzle an d Ja w—Th e muzzl e a n”d j aw should b e
, , , ,

lo n g a n d s tro n g T h ere should b e a d ecid e d stop but n ot so pro

.
,

n oun ce d as to mak e t h e b ro ws or fo reh ead p romi n en t Neck T h e n eck

should b e fairly lo n g a n d v ery muscula r S h o ul d ers—T h e should ers
-
.

should b e slopi n g Most Irish W at er S pan i els h av e bad straight

should ers a d efe ct which should b e b red out Ch es t —T h e ch est is
.
,

.
,

d eep a n d usu ally rath er n arro w but should n ot b e so n a rrow as to

B a ck an d Loin s —
, ,

co n strict t h e h e art a n d lu n gs T h e back a n d loin s

stro n g an d arch ed F ore-l egs —Th e fo re l egs straight a n d well bo n ed
.

Hin d -l egs—
-
. .

H eavily feath ered or ri n gl et e d all over Th e hin d l egs .

-
1 54 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

wh ere it S hould be s h o rt Th ere should be no topknot .

lik e that of t he I rish Wat er Span i el .

IV THE C LUMB E R S P ANI E L is in high favour in t he

.

Span i el wo rld both with shooti n g men an d exhibitors a n d

, ,

t h e b reed w ell d es erv es from both poi n ts of vi ew t he positio n

which it occupi es in t h e publi c es t eem No o t h er va ri ety .

is b ett er equipp ed m en tally an d physically for t he wo rk it is

call ed upo n to do in aid of t he gun a n d few c ert ai n ly n on e ,

of t he Span i els surpass or ev en equal it in app earan ce

, .

A s a sporti n g dog t he Clumb er is poss ess ed of t he v ery

,

b est of n os es a n atu ral i n cli n atio n both to hu n t his gam e a n d

,

r etri ev e it wh en kill ed gr eat k eenn ess an d p ers everan ce

,

won d erful en duranc e and activity con sid eri n g his massive
build a n d as a rul e is v ery easy to t rai n b ei n g highly in
, ,

t elhgen t a n d mo re docil e an d biddabl e The man who .

own s a good dog of this b reed wh eth er h e us es it as a re ,

t riev er for driv en bi rds wo rks it in a t eam or us es it as his

, ,

sol e compan io n wh en he go es gu n n i n g poss ess es a treas ure ,

.

The gr eat succ ess of th es e Spa n i els in t he Fi eld Trials pro

mot ed by both th e soci eti es which fost er thos e most us eful
i n stitutio n s is en ough to prove thi s an d mo re co n vi n ci n g ,

still is t he t en acity with which the fortu n at e poss esso rs of

old strai n s mostly resid en ts in t he imm ediat e n eighbourhood
,

of t he origi n al hom e of t he breed have h eld on to th em and ,

co n ti n u ed to breed a n d us e th em y ear aft er year for m an y

gen eratio n s .

A s a S how dog his massive fram e powerful li mbs pur e

, , ,

whit e coat with its pal e l emo n marki n gs an d freckli n gs a n d

, , ,

above all his sol em n a n d maj estic asp ect mark him out as a
, ,

t ru e aristocrat with all t he b eauty of refin em en t which com es

,

from a lo n g li n e of cultured an cesto rs .

All res earch so far has fai l ed to carry th ei r history

back a n y furth er than t he last quart er of t he eight een th
c en tu ry A bout that tim e t he Due d e N o ai ll es pre
.

s en t ed som e Span i els probably his whol e k en n el which

, ,

he brought from Franc e to t he s econd D uk e of Newcastl e , ,

 T H E S P OR T I NG SPAN I EL 55

from whos e plac e Clumb er Pa rk t he b reed has tak en its n am e

, , ,

B eyo n d this it s eems impossibl e to go i n d eed t h e Clumb er ,

s eems to be g en erally look ed upo n as a pu rely E n glish b reed .

From Clumb er Pa rk sp ecim en s fou n d th ei r way to most o f

t he oth er great hous es in t he n eig h bou rhood n otably t o ,

A ltho rp Pa rk W elb eck A bb ey Bi rdsall Hous e Thoresby

, , ,

Hall an d Os bert on Hall

, It is from t h e k en n els at t he last
.

n amed plac e o wn ed by Mr F olj ambe that most of t h e o

, .
p r ,

g en ito rs of t he Clumb ers which have earn ed n oto ri ety d eriv ed

th eir origi n Nearly all t h e most famous sho w wi n n ers
.

of early days were d esc en d ed from Mr F olj ambe s dogs a n d .

’

his B eau may p erhaps be co n sid ered on e of t he most im

”
po rtan t pillars of t he stud as h e wa s t h e si re of Nabob
, ,

a gr eat p riz e wi n n er a n d co n sid ered on e of t h e b est of his

-
,

day who b elon g ed at various tim es du ri n g his career to such

,

famous showrn en as M essrs Phi n eas Bullock Mr Fl etch er

.
, .
,

Mr R awdo n L ee and Mr G O liver

.
, . . .

Th ere has b een a gr eat d eal of lam en tatio n lat ely amo n g
old b reed ers a n d exhibito rs about t h e d ecad en c e of t h e b re ed

a n d t h e loss of t h e t ru e old typ e poss ess ed by th es e dogs .

But d espit e all th ey ca n say to t h e co n trary t he Clumb er

, ,

is n ow in a mo re fl ou rishi n g stat e than it ev er h as b een ;

a n d although p erhaps we hav e n o t n ow n or hav e had for t h e ,

l as t d ecad e a J oh n 0 G aun t or a To wer th ere hav e b een a

,
’

larg e n umb er of dogs shown duri n g t h at tim e who poss ess ed

co n sid erabl e m erit a n d would probably h av e h eld th eir
o wn ev en in t h e days of th es e bygo n e h ero es Som e of t h e .

most n otabl e hav e b een Bailli e Fria r B eec h grove D on ally , ,

G o ri n g of Au ch en t orlie Hempst ead Toby a n d Pr esto n Shot

, , ,

who all earn ed t he cov et ed titl e of Ch am pio n .

Th e Fi eld Trials h av e n o doubt had a gr eat d eal to do with

, ,

t h e larg ely augm en t ed popularity of t h e b reed a n d t h e great

i n creas e in t he n umb er of thos e who own Clumb ers For t he .

fi rst t wo or th ree y ears aft er t h es e were t ruly establish ed n o

oth er br eed s eem ed to have a c h an c e with t h em a n d e v en
n ow though both E n glish a n d W elsh Sp ri n g ers hav e do n e
,
 1 56 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
re markably w ell th ey more than hold th ei r own The most
, .

d isti n gu ish ed p erform er by fa r was Mr Wi n ton S mith s

’
.

B eechgrov e B ee a bitch w h os e wo rk was p ractically faultl ess

, ,

a n d t h e fir st Fi eld Trial Champio n amo n g Spa n i els O th er .

g ood Clumb ers who e a rn e d disti n ctio n in t h e fi eld w er e

B eechgrove Mi n ett e B eechgrov e Maud t he D uk e of Po rt , ,

lan d s Welb eck Sambo a n d Mr P h illips R ivi n gto n Ho n ey

’
, .
’

R ivi n gto n P earl a n d R ivi n gto n R eel , .

The poi n ts a n d g en eral d escriptio n of t he b reed as publish ed

b y both t h e Spa n i el Club a n d t h e Clumb er Spa n i el Club a re
i d en tical Th ey are as follows
.

H e a d— L a r g e ,
square a n d massive of m edi um l en gth b road on top , , ,

with a d e cid e d occiput h eavy b ro ws with a d eep stop h eavy freckle d

muzzl e with well d ev elop e d fl ew E yes —D a rk amb er slightly su n k
E ars —
. .
,

A light or p romi n en t ey e obj e ctio n abl e L a rg e vi n e l eaf shap ed .

, ,

a n d well cov ere d with st r aight hai r a n d ha n gi n g s lightly fo rwar d t h e

Neck —V ery thick an d
,

f e ath er n ot to e xt en d b elo w t h e l e ath er .

po werful a n d well fe ath ered u n d ern eath B o d y ( in clu d in g siz e a n d

s ymm etry) —L o n g a n d h eav y
.
,

an d n ea r t h e grou n d W eight of dogs

to 6 5 lb bitch es ab out 4 5 lb to 5 5 lb Nos e—S quare
, .

a bout 5 5 lb
_

S h oul d ers an d Ch es t —
. . . .

a n d fl esh colou re d W id e a n d d eep should ers

stro n g a n d muscular B ac k a n d L oin —B ack straight b road an d lo n g
.

loi n po werful well let do wn in fl an k Hi n d -quarters —Very po werful

.
,

S tern —S et low well f eath ered a n d ca rri e d about

.
,

a n d well d ev elop e d
l evel with t h e back F eet a n d Le gs —F ee t large a n d rou n d well cov ere d
.
, ,

—
.
,

w ith hai l gs sho t thick d st o g hocks l w C o t Lon g

Colour—P lai n whit e with l emo n ma rki n gs
r ; e r a n r n ; , o a .
,

a bu n dan t soft an d straight , .

o ra n g e p ermissibl e but n ot d esirabl e ; slight h e ad marki n gs with whit e

b ody p referre d Gen era l A ppeara n c e —
. S hould b e that of a lo n g low , ,

h eavy v ery massive dog with a thoughtful exp ressio n

, , .

V THE S US S E X S P ANI E L —This is on e of t he old est of t he

.

di sti n ct b reeds of L a n d Spa n i els n ow existi n g in t he B ri t ish

Islands an d p robably also t h e pu rest in poi n t of d esc ent
, ,

S i n c e it has for ma n y y ea rs past b een co n fin ed to a compara

t iv ely sm all numb er of k en n els t h e own ers of which hav e ,

a l ways b een at co n sid erabl e pai n s to k e ep th eir str ai n s free

f rom a n y admixtu re of fo reign blood .

Th e mod ern rac e of Suss ex Span i els as we k n ow it owes its , ,

o rigi n in t h e mai n to t h e k en n el k ept by Mr Full er at R os ehill .

Park B rightli n g n ear Hasti n gs This g en tl eman who

, , .
,

d i ed in 1 847 is said to hav e k ept his strai n for fifty y ears or

,
1 58 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
Mr Campb ell Newi n gto n stuck most galla n t ly to him all
.
,

t hr ough .

Mr Campb ell Newi n gto n has b een b reedi n g Suss ex Spa n i els
.

f or ov er a qua rt er of a c en tury with a n en thusiasm

a n d t en acity wo rthy of t h e wa rm est admi ratio n a n d his ,

s t rai n is p robably t h e pu rest a n d mo re full of t h e o rigi n al

,

blood t han a n y oth er His k en n el has always mai n tai n ed a

.

very hi gh stan dard of excellen c e an d man y famous show ,

S p ecim en s hav e com e from it notably R os ehill R ul er II ( a

, .

spl en did Suss ex scarcely i n ferio r to B ridfo rd Gid die) R omu

, ,

lus R oein R ita R ush R ock R ag a n d R an j i a n d man y

, , , , , , ,

o th ers of almost equal m erit .

Colo n el Claud e Can e s k en n el of Suss ex start ed from a

’
,

W oollan d b red foun datio n has b een goi n g for som e

-
,

s ev en t een y ears t he b est h e h as S hown b ei n g J o n atha n

,

Swift C elbridge E ldo rado a n d C elbridg e Chrysolit e

, , .

Th e b reed has always had a good charact er for wo rk and ,

most of t h e old er writ ers who m en tion th em sp eak of Suss ex

Span i els in v ery eulogistic t erms Th ey a re rath er slow .

wo rk ers but tho roug h ly co n sci en tious a n d pai n staki n g

, ,

a n d a re n ot afraid of a n y amou n t of thick cov ert th rough ,

which th ey will forc e th ei r way a n d s eldom l eav e a n ythi n g ,

b ehin d th em .

A well bred Suss ex Span i el is a v ery handsom e dog I n deed

-
.
,

his b eautiful colour a lo n e is en ough to mak e his app earan c e a n

a tt ractiv e on e ev en if h e w ere u n symm et rical an d u n gai n ly in
,

his propo rtio n s

Thi s colour k n own as gold en liv er is p eculiar to t he b reed
, , ,

a n d is t h e great touchsto n e a n d hall ma rk of pu rity of blood -

.

No oth er dog has exactly t h e sam e shad e of coat which t he ,

wo rd liver hardly d escrib es exactly as it is totally dif

%
,

f eren t from t h e o rdi n ary liv er colou r of a n I rishman a Poi n t er , ,

o r ev en a liv er Fi eld Spa n i el It is rath er a gold en ch estnut

.

with a regular m etalli c S h een as of burn ish ed m etal showi n g ,

more esp ecially on t h e h ead a n d face a n d everywh ere wh ere

t he hai r is sho rt This is v ery apparen t wh en a dog gets
.
 T H E SP OR T I NG S PAN I EL 1 59

hi s coat I n tim e of cou rs e it is liabl e to get som ewhat

n ew .
, ,

bl eac h ed by s un a n d wea th er wh en it turn s almost yellow ,

E v ery ex p ert k n ows this colo ur w ell a n d looks for it at onc e ,

wh en j udgi n g a class of Suss ex .

Th e d es c riptio n of t h e br eed giv en by t h e Spa n i el Club is

a s follo ws

H ead —T h skull should b mod at ly lo g

e also wid e with an e er e n , an d ,

i n d en tatio n in t h e middl e a n d a f ull stop b ro ws fai rly h eavy o cciput

, ,

full but n ot poi n t ed t h e whol e givi n g a n app ear a n c e of h eavi n ess

E y es —H az el colou r fairly la rg e soft a n d la n guish in g
, ,

without dul n ess

Nos e—
.
, , ,

n ot sho wi n g t h e h aw ov ermuch T h e muzzl e should b e a bout .

th ree i n ch es lo n g square a n d t h e lips som ewhat p en dulous T h e

E a rs —T hick fairly lar g e
.
, ,

n ost rils we ll d ev elop e d a n d liv er colou r .

, ,

a n d lob e shap e d s et mod erat ely low but relativ ely n ot so low as in t h e ,

B lack F i eld S pa n i e l ; ca rri e d clos e to t h e h e ad a n d fu rn ish e d with

Nec k —I s rath er sho rt st ro n g a n d S lightly a rch ed
,

s oft wavy hair .

, , ,

but n ot carryi n g t h e h ead much abov e t h e l ev el of t h e back T h ere .

s hould n ot b e much th roati n e ss in t h e ski n but well mark e d frill in t h e

Ch e s t a n d S h ould ers —Th e ch est is rou n d esp e cially b ehi n d t h e
,

c oat .
,

should ers d eep a n d wid e givi n g a good girth T h e should ers should
B ack an d B ack R i bs—T h e back a n d loi n are lo n g an d
.
, ,

b e obli qu e .
,

should b e v ery muscular both in width an d d epth f or this de velop ,

m en t t h e back rib s must b e d eep T h e whol e body is cha ract eris e d as

L egs a n d F eet—T h e arms a n d thighs must
.

low lo n g l e v el a n d st ro n g
, , , .

b e bo n y as well as muscular k n ees a n d ho oks la rg e a n d stro n g past ern s

, , ,

v ery sho rt a n d bo n y feet large a n d rou n d a n d with sho rt hair b etween

, ,

t h e to es T h e l e gs should b e v ery sho rt a n d stro n g with great bo n e

.
, ,

a n d may sho w a slight b en d in t h e fo rea rm a n d b e mod erat e ly well ,

feath ere d Th e hi n d l egs should n ot h e app aren tly sho rt er tha n t h e

.
-

fo re l egs or b e too much b en t at t h e hocks so as to giv e a S ott ery

-
, ,

a pp ea ra n c e which is so obj e ctio n abl e T h e hi n d l egs S hould b e well .

-

f eath ere d above t h e bo oks but should n ot hav e much ha ir b elo w that
poi n t Th e hocks should b e sho rt a n d wid e apa rt T a il—S hould b e
,

. .

d ock e d from fi v e to s ev en i n ch es s et low a n d n ot carri e d abov e t h e , ,

l ev el of t h e back thickly cloth ed with mod erat ely lo n g feath er Co a t

, .

B ody coat abu n da n t fl at or slightly wav e d with n o t en d en cy to cu rl

, , ,

mod erat ely well feath ered on l e gs an d st em but cl ea n b elo w t h e hocks

C olo ur—R ich gold en liv er ; this is a c ertai n sign of t h e pu rity of t h e
.
,

b ree d dark liv er or puc e d en oti n g u n mistakably a recen t cross with t h e

black or oth er vari ety of F i eld S pa n i el Gen eral Appea ran c e —R ath er
,

massive a n d muscula r but with free mov em en ts a n d n ice ta il actio n

,

l r t in g a t ractabl e a n d ch eerf ul dis p ositio n W eight from 3 5 lb to

gilq
a
. .

VI FI E LD S P ANI E L —The mod ern Fi eld Span i el may

. THE
be di vid ed i n to two class es I n d eed we may a hn os t say at .
,

this stage of ca n i n e histo ry two b reeds as for s everal y ears , ,

1 60 DOG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
past th ere has not b een very much int ermin gling of blood
b etween t h e Blacks an d t h os e kn own by the awkward d esign a
”
t ion of An y O t h er Vari ety though of cours e all cam e , , ,

ori gi n ally from t h e sam e paren t stock .

Th e black m emb ers of t h e family hav e always b een given

t h e p rid e of plac e a n d accou n t ed of most impo rtanc e though
, ,

latt erly th ei r parti colou red b reth ren s eem to have rath er -

ov ertak en th em .

Amo n g t h e r eally old writ ers th ere is on e m en tio n and on e ,

o n ly of Span i els of a black colour Arcussia Sp eaks of th em

, .
,

and of th eir b ei n g us ed in co n n ection with t he spo rt of hawk

in g but from his tim e up to t he middl e of t h e ni n et een th
,

c entury though man y colou rs are spok en of as b ei n g appro

,

p ria t e to t h e va rious br e eds of Spani els no author m ention s ,

black .

Th e fi rst strain of blacks of which we k n ow much b elo n g ed

to Mr F Burd ett a n d was obt ai n ed from a Mr Footman
. .
, .
,

of Lutt erwo rth L eicest ershi re who was suppos ed to have

, ,

own ed th em for som e tim e Mr Burd ett s Bob and Frank . .

’

may be fou n d at t he h ead of v ery man y of t he b est p edigrees .

A t his d eath most of his Span i els b ecam e t he prop erty of

Mr Jo n es of Os cot t a n d Mr Phi n eas Bullock of Bilston t he
.
, , .
, ,

latt er of whom was most extrao rdi n arily successful an d ,

own ed a k en n el of Fi eld Spani els which was p ractically um

b eatabl e b etween t he dat es of t he first Birmi n gham Sho w
in 1 86 1 an d t he publi cation of t h e first volum e of t h e K enn el
Club s Stud Book in 1 874 man y if n ot most of t he dogs which
’
, , ,

won for oth er own ers havi n g b een b red by him His Nelli e .

and Bob w h o won t h e chi ef priz es year aft er y ear at all the
,

l eadi n g shows w ere probably t he two b est sp ecim en s of th ei r

,

day An oth er most succ essful breed er was Mr W W

. . . .

Boulton of B ev erl ey whos e k en n el produc ed man y c el ebrat ed

, ,

d ogs i n cludi n g B ev erla c said to be t h e la rg est Fi eld Span i el

, ,

e v er exhibit ed and R olf whos e u n ion with B ell e produc ed

, ,

fo ur bitch es who w ere d esti n ed wh en mat ed with Nigger a , ,

d og of Mr Bullock s br eedi n g to form t he foun dation of t he

’
.
,
1 62 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
Mr F . . . Spu
E S chofi eld D r
J rgin a n d Mr J W R obi n son
, . . H .
, . . . .

I n t h e early days of b reedi n g blacks wh en t h e bitch es w er e ,

mat ed eith er with Suss ex or liver a n d whit e Sp ri n g ers or

No rfolk Span i els man y parti colo ured puppi es n ec essarily
,
-

occurred which most breed ers d estroy ed ; but it occurred to

,

som e of th es e g en tl em en that a han dsom e a n d disti n ct vari ety

might be obtai n ed by careful s el ectio n an d th ey have c ert ai n ly ,

succ eed ed to a v ery great ext en t The most famous n am es .

amo n g t he early S i res are Dr Spurgi n s A lo n zo a n d his s on .

’

P op an d Mr R obi n so n s Alva D ash from on e or oth er of

’
.
, ,

whom n early all t h e mod ern c el ebriti es d eriv e th eir d escen t .

Thos e who hav e b een a n d are i n t erest ed in p romoti n g , ,

a n d b reedi n g th es e vari ety Spa n i els d es erv e a la rg e amou n t

of credit for th ei r p ers everan c e which has been att ende d ,

with t h e gr eat est succ ess so far as p roduci n g colour go es .

No doubt th ere is a v ery great fasci n atio n in br eedi n g for

colour an d in doin g so th ere is n o royal road to succ ess whi ch
, ,

can o n ly be attai n ed by t h e ex ercis e of t h e gr eat est skill a n d

t h e n ic est di scrimi n ation in t h e s el ectio n of b reedi n g stock .

A t t h e sam e tim e colour is n ot ev eryt hin g a n d typ e an d ,

wo rki n g quahties should n ever be sacri fi c ed to it This has .

too oft en b een do n e in th e cas e of coloured Fi eld Span i els .

Th ere a re pl en ty of b eautiful blu e roan s r ed roans a n d , ,

tricolou rs wh eth er blue roan an d t a n or liver roan a n d t an

, ,

but n early all of th em a re eit h er cocktail ed weak in hi n d ,

quart ers crook ed fro n t ed or hou n dy h ead ed a n d showi n g far

,
-
,
-
,

too much h a w I n fact in h ead a n d fro n t t h e gr eat er n umb er

.
,

of t h e t ricolou rs remi n d on e of t h e Bass et hou n d almost as -

much as th ey do in colour It is to be hop ed that colour .

b reed ers will en d eavou r to get back t h e tru e Span i el typ e

b efore it is too lat e .

Th e poi n ts of both black an d colou red Fi eld Span i els are

id en tical bar colou r a n d h ere it must be s ai d that black a n d
, ,

tan li ver a n d t an and li v er a re n ot co n sid ered t ru e vari ety

, ,

colours t h ough of cou rs e th ey have to comp et e in thos e class es

, ,

but rath er spo rts from black The colours aimed at by .

 T H E SP OR T I NG SPAN I EL 63

vari ety b reed ers h av e a ll a grou n d colou r of whit e a n d are ,

black a n d whit e blu e roan hv er a n d wh it e red roan liver

, , , ,

w h it e an d t an a n d tricolou rs or qua d ri colours

, blu e or -

red roa n a n d t a n or bot h combi n ed with t a n , Th e Spani el , .

Club furn is h es t h e follo wi n g d escri ptio n of t he Black Fi eld

Span i el
H ea d —S hould b e quit e cha ract ristic of this gr an d spo rti n g dog e ,
as that of t h e B lo od hou n d or t h e B ulldog ; its very stamp a n d cou n
t en an ce should at o n c e co n v ey t h e co n victio n of high b ree di n g cha ract er ,

a n d n ob ility S kull we ll d ev elop e d with a disti n ctly el evat e d occipital ,

tub erosity which above all giv es t h e charact er allud e d to n ot too

, , ,

wid e across m uzzl e lo n g a n d l e a n n ev er s n ipy n or squar ely cut an d in

, , ,

p rofil e cu rvin g gr adu ally from n os e to throat ; l ea n b en eath ey es a ,

thickn ess h ere gives coars en ess to t h e whol e h ead T h e great l en gth .

of muzzl e giv es su rface f or t h e free d ev elopm en t of t h e olfacto ry n erve

E yes —N ot too
,

a n d thus s e cu re s t h e high est possibl e sc en ti n g po wers .

f ull but n ot sm a ll re c e di n g or ov erhu n g ; colou r dark haz el or dar k

, ,

b ro wn or n early black grav e in exp ressio n a n d b esp eakin g u n usu al

docility an d i n stin ct E ars—S et low do wn as possibl e which greatly
, ,

.
,

adds to t h e refi n em en t an d b eauty of t h e h ead mod erat ely lo n g an d

lik e feath er Neck—Very
,

wid e a n d su ffi ci en tly clad with n ic e S ett er—

, .

stro n g a n d muscul ar so as to en abl e t h e dog to retri eve his gam e without

,

u n du e fatigu e n ot too sho rt ho wev er B o dy ( in clu d in g siz e a n d , .

s ymm etry) L o n g a n d v ery low well ribb e d up to a good stro n g loin

-
, ,

straight or slightly ar ch e d n ev er slack ; weight from about 3 5 lbs

to 4 5 lbs Nos e—W ell d ev elop e d with good op en n ostrils an d
.
,

always black S h o uld ers a n d Ch es t—F o rm er slopi n g an d fr ee latt er

.
, ,

.
,

d eep a n d well d ev elop e d but n ot too rou n d a n d wid e B ack a n d L oin

—Very stro n g an d muscul a r l ev el an d lo n g in p ropo rtio n to t h e h eight
.
,

of t h e dog H in d -qu art ers—Very po werful a n d muscular wid e a n d

fully d ev elop ed S tern —W ell s et on a n d carri ed low if poss ibl e b elo w
.
, ,

.
, ,

t h e l ev el of t h e back in a p erfe ctly strai ght lin e or with a slight do wn

, ,

war d in cli n atio n n ev er el evat e d abov e t h e back a n d in actio n always

, ,

k ept low n ic ely fri n g ed with wavy feath er of silky t extu re F eet
a n d L eg s—
.
, ,

F e e t n ot too sm all a n d well p rot e ct e d b e twe en t h e to es with

,

soft feath er good stro n g pads L e gs straight an d imm en s ely bo n e d .

,

stro n g a n d sho rt an d n icely feath ered with strai ght or wav e d S ett er lik e
,
-

f eath er ov ermuch feath eri n g b elo w t h e h o ok s obj ectio n ab l e Coa t

, .

F lat or slightly wav e d a n d n ev er cu rl e d S u ffi cien t ly d en s e to resist

, .

t h e we at h er an d n ot too sho rt
, S ilky in t extu re glossy an d refi n ed in .
, ,

n atu re with n eith er d u ff eln es s on t h e on e ha n d n or curl or wir i n ess on

,

t h e oth er O n ch est u n d er b elly a n d b ehin d t h e l egs th ere should b e

.
, ,

abu n dan t feath er but n ever too much an d that of t h e right so rt viz
, , ,
.
,

S ett er lik e
-
Th e t ail a n d hi n d q uart ers should b e si mila rly ado rn e d
Colour—J et black th roughout glossy a n d tru e
-
. .

A littl e whi t e on ch est

, . ,

though a d rawback n ot a disqualificatio n , Gen eral A ppea ra n c e .

T hat of a spo rti n g dog capabl e of l ear n i n g a n d doi n g a n yth in g possibl e

,

f or his i n ch es an d co n fo rmatio n A gran d combi n atio n of b eauty a n d .

utility .
1 64 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
VII THE E N GLI S H S P R I NGE R — I t is o n ly quit e rec en tly
.

that the K en n el Club h as o ffi cially recogn is ed t h e vari ety kn own

by t he n am e at t h e h ead of this s ectio n For a lon g tim e t he
.

old fashion ed liver a n d whit e or black Spa n i els lo n ger

-
, ,

in t h e leg than eith er Suss ex or Fi eld Span i els had b een ,

kn own as No rfolk Span i els a n d u n d er this titl e t h e Span i el

,

Club has publish e d a d escriptio n of th em Th ere had how .

,

ev er b een a co n sid erabl e amoun t of di scussio n about t he

,

”
propri ety of thi s n am e of No rfolk and th e weight of t h e
,

evid en c e adduc ed w ent to S how that as fa r as an y t errito rial

co n n ectio n wi t h t he coun ty of that n am e wen t it was a mis ,

nom er and that it probably aros e from t he b reed havi n g b een

,

k ept by on e of t he D uk es of No rfolk most lik ely that on e

,

quot ed by Bl ai n e in his R n ra l S p orts who was so j ealous of

,

his strai n that it was o n ly on t h e exp ressly stipulat ed co n dition

that th ey w ere not to be allowed to b reed in t he di rect li n e
that he would allow on e to l eave his k en n els .

But wh en this old b reed was tak en up by t he Spo rti n g

,

Span i el Soci ety th ey d ecid ed to d rop t he n am e of No rfolk

, ,

and to r ev ert to t h e old titl e of Sp ri n g er not per , ,

haps a v ery happy choic e as a ll Span i els a re p rop erly

, , ,

sp eaki n g Spri n g ers in co n tradi sti n ction to S ett ers Th e com

, .

p le t e o ffi cial d esign atio n on t h e K en n el Club s regist er is ’

”
E n glish Spri n gers oth er than Clumb ers Suss ex a n d Fi eld
, , ,

a v ery clum sy n am e for a b reed Th ere is no doubt that this

.

vari ety of Span i el retai n s mo re res emblan c e to t he old st rai n s

which b elo n g ed to our for efath ers b efo re th e lo n g an d low
,

id ea foun d favour in t he eyes of exhibito rs an d it was c ertai n ly

,

well worth pres erving The o n ly way n owadays by which

.

uniformity of typ e can be obtai n ed is by som ebody havi n g

authority d rawi n g up a standard a n d scal e of poin ts for
br eed ers to go by an d th e Spo rti n g Span i el Soci ety a re to be
,

comm en d ed for havi n g don e this for t he b reed und er n otice ,

t h e fruit of th ei r action b ei n g alr eady appar ent in t h e larg er

and mo re un iform class es to be s een at shows .

A s t h e o ffi cially recogn is ed life of th e b reed has b een such a

1 66 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
authority upo n t he various b reeds of Span i els existi n g in th es e
islan ds an d it was freely ass ert ed that t h ey were n othi n g but
,

crossb reds b et ween t h e o rdi n ary Spri n g er a n d probably a

Clumb er in o rd er to accou n t for t he red or o ran g e marki n gs
a n d t h e V i n e l eaf S h ap e d e a rs
-
E v en if th ey a re a n ew b reed
-
.
,

th ey a re a most m eritorious on e both in th ei r app ear an c e , ,

which is emi n en tly spo rti n g an d work man lik e an d for t h e ,

exc ell en c e of th ei r wo rk in t h e fi eld which h a s b een amply ,

d emo n st rat ed by t h e record e arn ed at t he fi eld t rials by Mr .

A T W illi am s an d oth ers but t h os e who have s een th em at

. .
,

work hav e n othi n g but good to say of t h em a n d for wo rki n g ,

larg e rough tracts of coun t ry in t eams th ei r a dm i rers say th ey

are u n equ alle d .

I n app earan c e th ey are d ecid edly att ractiv e rath er mo re ,

lightly built than most Span i els small in siz e i n d eed v ery , ,

littl e larg er than Cook ers i n variably whit e in colou r with , ,

red or o ra n g e marki n gs an d poss essi n g rath er fi n e h eads with

,

small Clum b er shap ed ears Th ei r g en eral app earan ce is

-
.

that of extrem ely smart a n d activ e littl e dogs .

Th e W elsh Sp ri n g er is d escrib ed by t h e Spo rti n g Span i el

Soci ety as follows
Sku ll—F airly lo n g a n d fairly b road slightly rou n de d with a stop at
Ja ws~Me d iu m l en gth st raight fai rly squa re t h e n ostrils
,

t h e ey es .
, , ,

well d ev elop e d a n d fl esh colou re d or da rk A sho rt chubby h ead is

obj e ctio n abl e E yes—H az el or dar k m e dium siz e n ot p romin en t n ot
.
, ,

su n k en n or sho win g h aw E ars—Compar ativ ely small a n d gradually

.
, , ,

.
,

n arr o wi n g to wa r ds t h e tip cov ere d with feath er n ot lo n ger tha n t h e

Ne c k —S t ro n g
,

ear s e t mod er at e ly low a n d ha n gin g clos e to t h e ch e eks

muscular cl ea n in th roat S h o ul d ers—L o n g a n d slopin g F o re l eg s
.
, ,

—Medium l en gth straight good bo n e mod erat ely feath ered B o d y

. .
,

.
, , ,

S t ro n g fai rly d ee p n ot lo n g well sp ru n g ribs L en gth of body sh ould -

—
.
, , ,

b e p ropo rtio n at e to l e gth of l g

n e L oi Muscular a n d stro n g slightly
n .
,

a rch e d well coupl e d up an d k n it togeth er H i n d qu arters a n d Hin d -legs -

—S tro n g hocks well let do wn sti fl es moderately b en t ( n ot twist e d

.
,

in or out ) n ot f e ath ere d b elo w t h e bo ok on t h e leg F e et—R ou n d with

thick pads S t ern —L ow n ev er carri e d ab ov e t h e l evel of t h e back
.
, ,

feath ered a n d with a liv ely motio n C o at—S traight or fl at an d th ick

.
, ,

Colo ur — Gen era l A pp ea ra n c e—S ym m etrical

. .
, ,

R e d or o ra n g e a n d whit e .
,

compact stro n g m erry activ e n ot stilty built f or en duran ce a n d

, , , , ,

activity a n d about 28 lb a n d upwards in weight but n ot exceedin g

, .
,

4 5 lb .
 T H E S P O RT I NG SPAN I EL 1 67

IX . THEC OC KE R S P A NI E L —For t h e last few y ears t he popu

larit y of this small er siz ed b ra n ch of th e Span i el trib e has
b een st eadily i n creasi n g a n d t he Cock er class es at most of
,

t he b est sho ws a re n ow remarkabl e bot h for t h e n umb er of

en tri es a n d t h e v ery high sta n dard of exc ell en c e to whi ch

t h ey att ai n .

A short tim e ago black Cook ers were d ecid edly mo re fashi o n
abl e than th eir parti colou red relatives but n ow t he rev ers e is
-
,

t he cas e a n d t h e various roa n s an d t ricolou rs hav e ov ertak en

,

a n d pass ed t h e oth ers both in g en eral qu aht y a n d in t he publi c

,

est eem Th e reaso n for this popularity of t h e b reed as a

.

whol e is n ot far to s eek Th e a ff ectio n at e a n d m erry disposi

.

tio n of t he Cock er an d his small siz e compared with that of th e

oth er breeds pro emi n en tly fit him for a compan ion in t h e hous e
-

as w ell as in t he fi eld an d h e ranks am o n g his admirers quit e

,

—
as many of the fai rer s ex as h e do es men a fact which is
n ot without a c ertai n el em en t of dan g er si n c e it should n ev er,

be lost sight of that t h e b reed is a spo rti n g on e which sho uld ,

o n n o accou n t be allow ed to d eg en erat e i n to a rac e of m ere

hous e compan ion s or toys .

Small S iz ed Span i els usually c all ed Cook ers from th eir

-
, ,

b ei n g mo re esp ecially us ed in woodcock shooti n g hav e b een ,

i n dig en ous to W al es a n d D evo n shi re for man y years an d it is ,

most lik ely from on e or both of th es e so urc es that t h e m o dern

typ e has b een evolv ed It is p robabl e too that t he typ e in
.

favou r to day of a short coupl ed rath er cobby dog

-
, , ,

fai rly high on th e leg is more li k e that of th es e old fashion ed

,
-

Co ok ers than that which obtai n ed a d ecad e or two ago ,

wh en th ey w ere scarc ely recogn is ed as a s eparat e b reed a n d ,

t h e Spa n i el class es w ere usually divid ed i n to Fi eld Span i els

” ”
over 2 5 lb a n d Fi eld Span i els u n d er 2 5 lb
. I n thos e days a .

larg e proportion of th e priz es f ell to mi n iature Fi eld Span i els .

Th e b reed wa s n ot giv en offi cial recogn itio n on t he K en n el

Club s regist er till 1 8 93 n or a s ectio n to its elf in t he Stud
’
,

Book a n d up to that dat e t he o n ly real quali fi catio n a dog

r equi red to be en abl ed to comp et e as a Cock er was that h e
1 68 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
should be und er t he w eight of 2 5 lh a limit arbitrarily and .
,

s om ewhat irratio n ally fi x ed sin c e I n t he cas e of an an im al

,

j ust on t h e bo rd er li n e h e mig h t v ery w ell hav e b een a Cock er

-

b efore an d a Fi eld Span i el aft er b reakfast .

It is n ot easy to fin d auth en tic p edigr ees goi n g back furth er

t ha n a quart er of a c en tury but Mr C A Phi lli ps ca n t rac e his
, . . .

o wn st rai n back to 1 8 60 a n d Mr J am es Farrow was exhi biti n g

, .

succ essfully thi rty fiv e y ears ago Th e form er g entl eman

-
.

publish ed th e p edi gr ee of his bitch Rivi n gton D o ra for eigh t een

g en eratio n s i n exten s o in The S p ortin g S p a n iel; whi l e t h e
famous O bo strai n of t he latt er may be said to hav e ex ercis ed
more i n flu en c e than any oth er on t he black vari ety both in
thi s coun try a n d in t he Un it ed Stat es .

It was in 1 880 that t h e most famous of all t he pillars

of the Cock er stud Mr J am es Far row s Obo mad e his first
, .
’

bow to t h e publi c h e a n d hi s litt er sist er Sally havi n g b een

,

born t he y ear b efor e He won th e high est ho n ours that t he

.

S how b en ch can gi v e a n d th e impo rta n c e of hi s s ervic e to t h e

,

breed both in hi s own er s k en n el and outsid e it can scarc ely

’
,

be ov er estimat ed
-
Nearly all of t h e b est blacks a n d many of
.
,

th e b est colo ur ed Cook ers a re d esc end ed from him , A t this .

p eriod th e typ e mostly favou red was that of a dog rath er

lo n g er in t he body and lower on t h e leg than it is at pres ent ,

but th e O bo family mark ed a progr essive st ep a n d very ,

rightly k ept on wi n n i n g un der all th e b est j udg es for m an y

y ears th e
,
i r own e r b ei n g far too good a j udg e hi ms elf ev er to
e xh ibit an ythi n g but firs t class sp ecim en s -
.

M ean while although t he blacks were f ar th e most fashio n

a bl e —
,

and it was s ai d that it was hop el ess to t ry to get t he

sam e quality in coloured sp ecim en s— s everal en thusiastic
b reed ers for colour w ere qui etly at work quit e undismayed ,

by t h e predilection shown by most exhi bito rs a n d j udg es

for t he form er colour Am o n g t h em was Mr C A Phi llips
. . . .
,

whos e two bitch es from Mr J am es Fr em e of Wepre .

,

H all Fli n tshi re succ eed ed in breedi n g from on e of t h em

, , ,

whom he nam ed Rivi n gton Slo e the c el eb rat ed dog Rivi n gton ,
 T H E SP OR T I NG SPAN I EL 69

Sign al who mat ed with Rivi n gto n Blossom p roduced

, , ,

Rivi n gto n Bloom who was in turn t he dam of R ivi n gto n

,

R edcoat T h es e dogs prov ed alm ost if n ot quit e as valuabl e

.
, ,

to t he colou red vari ety a s Obo did to t h e blacks a n d form ed

‘

t h e foun datio n of Mr J M Po rt er s c el eb rat ed B ra esid e ’

. . .

strai n whic h aft erwards b ecam e so famous .

D uri n g t h e last few y ears Mr R d e Cou rcy P eele s k en n el . .

’

has easily h eld t he prid e of plac e in this vari ety Most read ers .

a re n o doubt familia r with t h e many b eautiful Cook ers which

have app eared in th e show ri n g a n d carri ed off so man y priz es

u n d er th e di sti n guishi n g affi x Bo wdl er His k en n el was b uilt .

up on a B ra eside foun datio n an d has co n tai n ed at on e tim e

,

or oth er such fl y ers as B en Bo wdler Bob Bowdl er R ufus , ,

Bowdler D ixon Bowdler E v a Bowdl er Mary Bowdl er Blu e

, , , ,

coat Bowdl er Susan Bowdl er an d oth ers a n d B en an d Bob

, , ,

ha ve also b een as s ir es respon sibl e for t h e succ ess of a good

, ,

many dogs h ailin g from oth er k en n els He has also b een .

fai rly successful with blacks whi ch howev er hav e usually , , ,

b een purchas ed an d n ot b red by him t h e two b est b ein g Mast er ,

R eub en b red by Miss J oan G odfr ey an d J etsam Bowdl er a

, , ,

bitch who has disti n guish ed h ers elf both in th e ri n g an d in th e

fi eld.

Coloured Cook ers are c ert ai n ly boomi n g j ust n ow an d ,

as a co n s equ en c e th e blacks who ar e equally wo rthy of sup

,

port are b ei n g rath er n egl ect ed C ertai nly it is t h e cas e that

, .

wh ereas on e s ees at most shows big class es of t h e form er filled

with a good l ev el lot with hardly a bad S p ecim en amo n gst
th em th e class es d evot ed to t h e latt er b esid es n ot b ei n g so
, ,

well fill ed are much more un ev en an d always co n t ai n a larg e

, ,

proportio n of w eeds an d toys A few y ears ago th e black .

class es were imm easurably sup erio r to t h e colour ed and it is ,

to be hop ed that in t h e n ear future th ey will regai n at l east

a positio n of equality with th em .

A t t h e last few Fi eld Trial m eeti n gs t h e Spani el Club has

provid ed class es co n fin ed to Cook ers whi ch have fill ed fai rly ,

well and en abl ed th e small breed to d emo n strat e that it can

,
1 7 0 DOG S A N D A L L A B OU T T HE M
in its way be quit e as us eful as its larg er cousi n s A Co ck er .

can v ery oft en go a n d wo rk as well wh ere a la rg er Spa n i el

can n ot ev en creep a n d for wo rki n g really thi ck h edg ero w s or

,

go rs e has n o sup erior Th ere s eems to be ev ery prosp ect of a

.

b rillian t future an d i n creas ed popularity for this charmi n g

,

b reed .

Its i n t erests a re look ed aft er both by t he Span i el Club an d

t h e comparativ ely n ewly fo rm ed Cock er Spa n i el Club an d it ,

is also quit e as much in favou r on t he oth er sid e of t he A tlan tic

as it is in t he Un it ed Ki n gdom I n d eed t h e class es in Am erica .
,

a n d Ca n ada compare v ery fa v ourbly with our own .

Th e d escriptiv e particulars of t h e b reed are

°

H ea d—N ot so h eavy in p ropo rtio n an d n ot so high in occiput as in

t h e mod ern F i eld S pa n i el with a n ic ely d ev elop ed muzzl e or j aw ;
,

l ea n but n ot s n ipy a n d y et n ot so squa re as in t h e Clumb er or S uss ex

, ,

vari eti es but always exhibiti n g a suffi ci en tly wid e a n d well d ev elop e d
,
-

n os e .F o reh e ad p erf e ctly smooth risi n g without a too d e cid e d stop ,

from muzzl e in to a compa rativ ely wid e a n d rou n d ed well d ev elo p ed

skull with pl en ty of room f or b rain power E y es—F ull but n ot p romi
-
,

.
, ,

n en t haz el or b ro wn colou re d with a g en eral e xp r essio n of i n t e llig en c e

, ,

a n d g en tl en ess though d ecid e dly wid ea wak e b right a n d m erry n ev er

, , ,

goggl e d n or weak as in t h e K in g Ch arl es an d B l en h eim kin ds E ars .

L obula r s et on low l e ath er fi n e a n d n ot exceedi n g b eyo n d t h e n os e

, , ,

well cloth e d with lo n g silky h ai r which must b e st raight or wavy

Nec k —S t ro n g a n d muscula r an d n eatly
,

n o positiv e cu rls or ri n gl e ts .
,

s et on to fi n e slopi n g should ers B o d y ( in clu d i n g siz e a n d s y mmetry )

.

N ot q uit e so lo n g a n d low as in t h e oth er b ree ds of S pa n i els mo re com ,

pact an d fi rmly k n it togeth er givi n g t h e imp ressio n of a co n c en tratio n

of po wer a n d u n t irin g activ ity W eigh t—Th e weigh t of a Cock er
,

S pan i el of eith er s ex should n ot exc ee d 25 lh or b e l ess tha n 20 lb

Nos e—S uffi cien t ly
. .
,

A n y va riatio n eith er way s h ould b e p en alis e d .

wid e a n d well d ev elop ed to en su re t h e exquisit e sc en ti n g po wers of this

b ree d Sh oul d ers a n d Ch est—T h e fo rm er slopin g a n d fi n e ch est d eep
.
,

a n d well d ev elop e d but n ot too wid e a n d r ou n d to in t erf ere with t h e

free actio n of t h e fo re l egs B ac k a n d L oin —I mm en s ely stro n g an d
,

- .

compact in p ropo rtio n to t h e siz e an d weight of t h e dog ; slightly

slopin g to war ds t h e tail H in d -quart ers — W id e well rou n d e d an d
.
, ,

v ery muscular so as to en su re u n ti rin g actio n a n d p rop elli n g po wer

,

u n d er t h e most tryin g ci rcumsta n c es of a lo n g day bad we ath er rough

grou n d a n d d en s e cov ert S tern —T hat most ch aract eristic of blu e
, ,

, .

blood in all t h e S pan i el family may in t h e light er a n d mo re active ,

C o ck er although s et low do wn h e allo we d a slightly high er carri a g e

, ,

than in t h e oth er b reeds but n ev er co ok ed up ov er but rath er in a li n e

, ,

with t h e back th ough t h e lo wer its ca rriag e an d actio n t h e b etter

, ,

a n d wh en at wo rk its actio n should b e i n c essa n t in this t h e b right est ,

 C HA PTE R XXVI
T HE B A SSE T - H O UND

T HE Bass et was n ot famili arly known to British sportsm en

b efore 1 863 in which year sp ecim en s of t he b reed w er e s een
,

at the first exhibitio n of dogs h eld in Paris a n d caus ed g en eral ,

c uriosity a n d admiratio n amo n g E n glish visito rs I n Fran c e .

,

howev er this hou n d has b een us ed for g en eratio n s , much as

,

we us e our Spani el as a fin d er of gam e in cov ert and it has

, ,

lo n g b een a popular sporti n g dog in R ussia a n d G erman y In .

e a rly tim es it was chi efl y to be fou n d in A rtois and Flan d ers ,

wh ere it is suppos ed to hav e had its o rigi n ; ; but th e hom e of

t he b ett er typ e of Bass et is n ow chi efly in L a Ven d ee in which ,

d epartm en t som e remarkably fin e st rai n s hav e b een p roduc ed .

Th ere a re th ree mai n st rai n s of t h e Fren ch Bass et t h e -

L an e t h e Cout eulx a n d t h e G ri ffo n The Gri ffon Bass et is a

, , .

hound with a hard bristly coat and sho rt crook ed l egs It , , .

has n ev er foun d great favour h ere The L an e houn ds are .

d eriv ed from t h e k en n els of M L a n e of Fran qu evill e Baos

.
, , ,

S ein e I n f% ri eure a n d a re also v ery littl e appreciat ed in thi s

-
,

coun try Th ey are a l emo n a n d whit e vari ety with tors e or

.
,

b en t l egs Th e Cou t eulx houn ds w ere a typ e bred up i n to a

.

s t rai n by Comt e lo Cout eulx d e Ca n t el eu Th ey w er e tri .

colou r with straight sho rt l egs of soun d er constitution than

, , ,

o t h er st rai n s with t h e mak e g en erally of a mo re agil e hound

, ,

a n d in t h e p edi gr ee of t h e b est Bass ets own ed in this cou n try

fi ft een y ears ago wh en t h e b reed was in co n sid erabl e d eman d

, ,

Comt e d e Cout eulx s strain was promi n en t an d always sought

’

f or .

With careful s el ection an d j udicious b reedi n g we have n ow

1 7 2
 T H E B A SS E T -HOU N D 1 73

produc ed a b eautiful hound of fin e smooth coat and a rich ,

admi xtur e of marki n gs with a h ead of n obl e charact er a n d t he

,

b est of l egs a n d feet Th ei r sho rt twi n kli n g l egs mak e our

.
,

Bass ets more suitabl e for cov ert hun ti n g than for huntin g
hares in t he op en to which latt er pu rpos e th ey hav e frequ en tly
,

b een adapt ed with som e succ ess Th eir n ot e is reso n an t with .

,

wo n d erful po wer for so small a dog a n d in to n e it res embl es t he ,

voic e of the Bloodhoun d .

Th e Bass et houn d is usually v ery good t emp ered an d n ot

-

i n clin ed to be quarrelsom e with his k en n el mat es but he is

wilful a n d lov es to roam apart in s earch of gam e an d is n ot very
, ,

am en abl e to discipli n e wh en alo n e On t he oth er han d he .

,

works admi rably with his compa n io n s in t h e pack wh en h e is ,

most pai n staki n g an d i n d efatigabl e E n dow ed with remark .

abl e powers oi sc en t he will hu n t a drag with k een i n t elligen c e

,
.

Th ere a re n ow s ev eral packs of Ba s s ets k ept in E n glan d a n d ,

th ey S ho w v ery fai r S po rt aft er t he hares but it is not th eir

n atural vocatio n an d th ei r m a ssiv e build is ag ai n st t h e possi
,

bili f y of th eir b ecomin g popular as harri ers The gen eral .

custom is to follo w th em on foot although occasion ally som e ,

sportsm en us e po n i es Th eir pac e ho wev er hardly warran ts

.
, ,

t h e latt er exp edi en t On t he Co n ti n en t wh ere big gam e is

.
,

mo re commo n than with us t h e employm en t of t he Bass et is ,

vari ed He is a valuabl e h elp in t he t racki n g of boar wolf and

.
, ,

d eer a n d h e is also frequ en tly en gag ed in t h e light er pastim es

,

of ph easan t an d part ridg e shooti n g .

The E arl of O n slow an d t he lat e S ir J oh n E v erett Millais

w ere amon g t he earli est impo rt ers of t he b reed i n to E n gland .

Th ey both had recours e to t he k en n els of Cou n t Cout eulx .

Sir J oh n Millai s Mod el was t he first Bass et houn d exhibit ed

’
-

at a n E n gli sh dog sho w at Wolv erhampton in 1 875 Lat er,

.

own ers an d b reed ers of promi n en c e were Mr G K rehl Mrs . .

, .

Stok es Mrs C C E llis an d Mrs Mab el T otti e

, . . . . .

AS with most impo rt ed b reeds t he Bass et hound wh en first ,

-

exhi bit ed was requi red to und ergo a p robatio n ary p eri od as a

foreign dog in the vari ety class at t he pri n cipal shows It was .
1 74 DOG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
n ot u n til 1 8 80 that a class was provid ed for it by the K en n el
Club .

It is to be regr ett ed that own ers of this b eautiful houn d are

not mor e n um erous A dmirabl e sp ecim en s are still to be s een
.

at t he l eadi n g exh ibitio n s but t h e b reed is gr eatly in n eed of ,

en cou rag em en t A t t he pres en t tim e t h e smooth dog houn d

.

taki n g t he fo remost plac e in t h e estimat e of our most capabl e

j udg es is Mr W W M Whi t e s Ch L oo L oo L oo b red by Mrs
. . . .
’
.
- -
,
-

Totti e by Ch L ouis L e B eau out of Sib ella

, . Mr Croxton . .

Smith s Wav erer is also a dog of remarkably fin e typ e Amo n g

’
.

bitch houn ds San dri n gham D ido t he favourit e of Her Maj esty ,

t h e Qu een ra n ks as t h e most p erf ect of h er ki n d

, .

Th e rough or G ri ffo n Bass et i n t roduc ed into E n glan d at -

,

a lat er dat e than t h e smooth has fail ed for som e reaso n ,

to r eceiv e gr eat att en tio n I n typ e it res embl es t he shaggy .

O tt erhoun d a n d as at pres en t favoured it is larg er a n d high er

,

o n t h e le
g tha n t h e smooth vari e ty T h ei r colouri n g is l ess .

di sti n ct an d th ey s eem g en erally to be l emo n a n d whi t e

, ,

grey a n d san dy red Th eir n ot e is n ot so rich as that of t he

.

smooth vari ety I n Franc e t h e rough a n d t he smooth Bass ets

.

a re n ot regard ed as of t h e sam e rac e but h ere som e b reed ers ,

hav e cross ed t h e two vari eti es with i n di fferen t co n s equ en c es , .

Som e bea t uiful sp ecim en s of the rough Bass et hav e from

tim e to tim e b een s en t to exhibitio n from t he San dri n gham
k en n els His Maj esty t h e Ki n g has al ways gi v en affectio n at e
.

att en tio n to thi s b reed an d has tak en s everal first priz es at ,

t he l eadi n g sho ws latt erly with San dri n g h am Bobs b red in

, ,

t he hom e k en n els by Sa n dri n gham Babil ex S ar a cen es ca .

P erhaps t he most explicit d escriptio n of t h e p erfect Bass et

houn d is still that compil ed tw en ty fiv e y ears ago by Sir J oh n -

Millai s It is at l east su ffi ci en tly comp reh en sive a n d exact to

.

s erve as a guid e
Th e B as s et , f or its siz e has mo re bo n e p erhap s tha n
, , , n early an y
oth er dog .

T h e skull should b e p eak e d li k e that of t h e B loodhou n d with t h e ,

sam e dign ity a n d exp ressio n t h e n os e black ( alth ough som e of my own ,

hav e whit e about th eirs) an d well fl ewed F or t h e s iz e of t h e b oun d

, .
 C HA P TE R XXVII
T HE D A C H SH UND

P E R S O NS u n familiar with t h e sporti n g prop erti es of this long

bodi ed b reed are apt to refer smili n gly to t he D achshun d as
t h e dog th at I S sold by t h e yard an d f ew e v en of thos e who
,

kn ow hi m giv e credit to t he d ebo n ai r littl e fellow for t h e grim

work which h e is i n t end ed to p erfo rm in doi n g battl e with t he
”
vicious badg er in its lair D achshu n d m ean s badg er dog
.
,

a n d it is a titl e fai rly a n d squa rely ear n ed in his n ativ e

G erman y .

G iv en prop er t rai n i n g h e will p erfo rm t he duti es of s ev eral

,

sporti n g b reeds roll ed i n to on e Poss essi n g a wond erful n os e

.
,

combi n ed with remarkabl e st eadi n ess his ki n d will wo rk

,

out t he cold est sc en t a n d o n c e fai rly on t h e li n e th ey will give

,

pl enty of music and get ov er t h e groun d at a pac e alm ost

i n credibl e D achshun ds hu n t w ell in a pack an d though it is
.
, ,

n ot t h ei r recogn is ed vocatio n th ey can be succ essfu lly us ed on

,

hare on fox an d an y form of v ermi n that w ears a fu rry coat

, , .

But his l egitimat e wo rk is di rect ed agai n st t he badg er in ,

locati n g t h e brook un d er grou n d wo rryi n g an d drivi n g hi m

,

i n to his i n n ermost earth a n d th ere holdi n g him u n til dug out

, .

It is n o part of his ca lhn g to com e to clos e grips though that ,

oft en happ en s in t he co n fin ed space in which h e has to work .

I n thi s position a badg er with his pow erful claws digs with such
en ergy a n d skill as rapidly to bu ry hims elf and t h e D achshu n d
,

n eeds to be provid ed with such apparatus as will p ermit him to

cl ear his way a n d k eep in touch with hi s fo rmidabl e quarry .

Th e badg er is also hu n t ed by D achshu n ds abov e grou n d ,

usually in t he mount ai n ous parts of G erman y a n d in t he ,

1 76
 T HE DA C H S HUND 1 77

growi n g crops of m ai z e on t he lower slop es wh ere t he v ermi n

, ,

wo rk t erribl e havoc in t he even i n g I n this cas e t h e badg er is .

roun d ed up and driv en by t he dogs up to t h e gu n s whi ch a re

post ed b etween t he gam e an d th ei r earths For t h is sport .

t he dog us ed is h eavi er coa rs er a n d of larg er build high er on

, , ,

t he leg an d mo re g en erally hou n dy in app earanc e

, D ach .

s hun d s a re frequ en tly us ed for d eer drivi n g in which Op eratio n ,

th ey are esp ecially valuabl e as th ey wo rk S lowly a n d do n ot , ,

fright en or ov erru n th ei r quarry a n d can p en etrat e t he ,

d ens est u n d ergrowth Packs of D achshu n ds may som etim es be

.

en gag ed on wild boa r a n d as th ey a re web foot ed a n d exc el

, ,
-

l en t swimm ers th ere is n o doubt that th eir t erri er qualiti es

,

would mak e th em us eful assista n ts to t he O tt erhound .

Apropos of th ei r capabiliti es in t h e wat er it is t he cas e that a

year or two ago at O ffen bach on M ai n at som e t rials a rran ged
,
- -
,

for life savi n g by dogs a D achshu n d carri ed off t he first priz e

-
,

agai n st all com ers .

A s a companion in th e hous e t he D achshu n d has p erhaps n o

comp eer He is a p erfect g en tl ema n cl ean ly in his habits
.
,

ob ed i en t u n obtrusive i n capabl e of small n ess affectio n at e

, , , ,

v ery s en sitiv e to rebuk e or to un ki n dn ess and amusi n gly ,

j ealous AS a watch h e is excellen t quick to d et ect a st ran g e

.
,

footst ep valiant to d efen d t h e threshold a n d to chall en ge

, ,

with d eep voic e a n y i n t rud er y et s en sibly disc ern in g his ,

m as t er s fri en ds an d not annoyi n g th em with prolo n g ed

’

growli n g an d grumbli n g as many t erri ers do wh en a stran ger

is admitt ed Prop erly b rought up h e is a p erf ectly safe and
.
,

amusi n g compan io n for chi ldren full of an imal spiri ts an d , ,

ev er r eady to sha re in a romp ev en though it be accompa n i ed ,

by rough a n d tumbl e play I n G erman y wh er e he is t h e most.

,

popular of all dogs larg e or small h e is to be fou n d in every

, ,

hom e from the E mp ero r s palac e down wa rds an d his quai n t

,
’

app earan c e coupl ed with his en t ert ai n in g p erso n ality is dai ly

, ,

s eiz ed upo n by t he comic pap ers to illust rat e coun tl ess j ok es

at his exp en s e .

The o rigin of t h e D achshund is n ot v ery cl ea r Som e .

M
1 7 8 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
writ ers hav e p rofess ed to t race t he b reed or repres en tatio n s of
it on t h e mo n um en ts of t he E gyptian s Som e av er that it is
.

a di rect d escen dan t of t he Fren ch Bass et houn d a n d oth ers -

,

t h at h e is relat ed to t h e old Tu rn spits—t he dogs so exc ell en t

in kitch en s erv ic e of whom Dr Caius wro t e that
, . wh en a n y
m eat is to be roast ed th ey go i n to a wh eel w h ere th ey turni n g
, ,

about with t he weigh t of th ei r bodi es so diligently look to th ei r

,

busi n ess that n o drudg e n or scullio n ca n do t he feat mo re

”
cu n n i n gly whom t he popular so rt h ereupon t erm Turnspits
, .

C ert ai n ly t h e dog commo n ly us ed in this occupatio n was lo n g

of body an d S ho rt of leg v ery much res embli n g t he D achshund
, .

I n a ll p robability t h e D achshu n d is a man ufactu red b reed

a b reed ev olv ed from a larg e typ e of hound i n t ermix ed with a
t erri er to suit t h e sp ecial co n di tio n s i n volved in t he pursuit
a n d ext ermi n ation of a qua rry that u n ch eck ed was capabl e
, ,

of s erious ly i n t erferi n g wit h t he cultivatio n of t he lan d .

He compris es in his small p erson t h e charact eristics of both

—
hou n d a n d t erri er his wo n d erful po wers of sc en t his lo n g , ,

p en dulous ears a n d for his S iz e en o rmous bo n e sp eak of his

, , , ,

d escen t from t h e h oun d that hu n ts by sc en t In man y .

resp ects h e favou rs t h e Bloodhou n d a n d on e may oft en s ee

,

D achshun ds which h avi n g b een b red from paren ts carefully

,

s elect ed to acc en tuat e som e fan cy poi n t have exhibit ed t he

,

v ery p ro n ou n c ed p eak ( occipital bo n e) t he prot ru di n g haw

,

of t he ey e t he loos e d ewlap a n d t he colour marki n gs char

,

a ct eris t ic of t h e Bloodhou n d His small statur e i ro n h eart

.
, ,

a n d willi n gn ess to en t er t he ea rth b esp eak t h e t erri er cross .

The D achshu n d wa s fi rst i n troduc ed to this cou n try in

suffi ci en t n umb ers to m erit n otic e in t h e early sixti es a n d ’
, ,

sp eedily attracti n g n otic e by his quai n t fo rmatio n and um

doubt ed spo rti n g insti n cts soo n b ecam e a favourit e A t first
, .

app eari n g at shows in t he Fo reign D og class h e quickly ,

rec eiv e d a recogn itio n of his cl ai ms to mo re favou red tr eat

m en t a n d was promot ed by t he K en n el Club to a sp ecial classi

,

fica t ion as a spo rti n g dog Si n ce th en hi s ris e has b een rapid

.
,

and he n ow is recko n ed as on e of t he n um erically larg est breeds

 1 80 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T H E M
lay on fl esh L ean raw b eef fin ely chopp ed is a n excell ent
.
, , ,

food o n c e or twic e a day for t h e first few mo n ths and though , ,

t his com es exp en sive it pays in t he en d R a w m eat is suppos ed

, .

to caus e wo rm troubl es but th es e pos t s a re also fou n d wh ere

,

m eat is not given a n d in an y cas e a puppy is fortified with

,

mo re stren gth to withsta n d th em if fed on ra w m eat than

oth erwis e a n d a good dosing from tim e to tim e will be all that
,

is n ec essary to k eep him well a n d happy .

Youn g growing puppi es must hav e th ei r freedom to gambol

about a n d get th eir l egs st ro n g Nev er k eep t he puppi es
, .

coop ed up in a small k en n el run or hous e If you hav e a fair .

siz ed yard give th em th e run of that or ev en t he gard en in

, , ,

—
spit e of what you gard en er may say th ey may do a littl e
r

damag e to t he fl owers but will assuredly do good to th em

,

s elves Th ey love to dig in t he soft bord ers : diggi n g is

.

s econd natu re to th em a n d is of gr eat importan ce in th ei r

,

d evelopm en t .

If you hav e n ot a gard en or if t he fl o wers a re too sacred it is

, ,

b ett er to plac e your puppi es as early as possibl e with respec

table cottagers or small farm ers esp ecially t he latt er with
, , ,

whom th ey will hav e enti re fr eedo m to run about a n d will not ,

be overfed .

If you i n t end to show your puppi es you should b egi n som e ,

tim e in advanc e to school th em to walk on t he l ead and to

sta n d qui et wh en ord ered to Much d ep ends on this in t he .

j udgi n g rin g wh ere a dog who is unus ed to b eing on a

,

l ead oft en spoils his chan c es of app earing at his b est und er
t he ( to him ) st ra n g e exp eri en c es of restrai n t which t he l ead
entails .

D uri n g t he past fiv e and tw en ty years t he nam es of two

- -

particular D achshunds stan d out h ead a n d should ers above

thos e of th ei r comp etitors : Champio n s J ackdaw and Pt ero
dactyl J ackdaw had a wo n d erful record havi n g du ri n g a
.
, ,

lo n g S ho w career n ev er b een b eat en in his class from start to

,

fini sh and havi n g won man y valuabl e p riz es He was

, .

credit ed with b ei n g t he most p erfect D achshund that had ever

 T HE DA C H S HU N D 1 81

b een s een in E n gla n d an d p robably as good as an ythi n g in

,

G erman y .

Ch J ackdaw was a black a n d t an dog bred an d own ed by

.
,

Mr Harry J on es of Ipswich He was si red by Ch Charkow

.
, . .
,

out of Wagtail a n d bo rn 2 oth J uly 1 886 Through his dam

, , .

he was d esc en d ed from a famous bitch Thus n elda who was , ,

import ed by Mr Mudi e in t he early eighti es She was a

.
’
.

wi n n er of high ho n ou rs in Han ov er The n am e of J ackdaw .

fi gures in all t h e b est p edigrees of to day -

.

Ch Pt erodactyl was bo rn in 1 888 a n d b red by Mr Willin k

.
, .
,

He was in a m easu re a n outcross from t he stan dard typ e of t h e

day a n d his dam whos e p edigr ee is in di sput e was thought
, , ,

to hav e b een impo rt ed A ft er passi n g th rough on e or t wo .

han ds h e was purchas ed by Mr Harry J o n es a n d in his k en n el .

,

sp eedi ly mad e a gr eat n am e in t he show ri n g a n d at t he stud ,

a n d was ev en tually sold for a hi gh pric e to Mr Sid n ey W oodi .

wiss who at that p eriod had t he larg est k en n el of D achshun ds

,

in E n glan d
Pt ero as he was call ed was a big light red dog with
, , , ,

wond erful fore quart ers an d gr eat muscular d evelopm en t He

-
.

also poss ess ed what is call ed a pu n ishi n g j a w a n d rath er

S ho rt ea rs a n d look ed a thorough
, busi n ess dog He had a n .

almost un brok en s eri es of success es at s h o ws in E n glan d an d , .

b eing tak en to G erman y (in t he days b efo re t h e quaran ti n e

regulatio n s ) h e took t h e h igh est ho n ou rs in t h e h eavy w eig h t
,
-

class a n d a sp ecial priz e for t h e b est D achshu n d of all

,

classes This dog b ecam e t h e favourit e si re of his day a n d

.

t h e fashi o n abl e colou r .

Th e black a n d tan th ereupo n w en t quit e out of favou r a n d ,

this fact coupl ed with th e reckl ess amou n t of i n b reedi n g of

,

red to red that has b een goi n g on si n c e P t ero s day accou n ts

’
,

larg ely for t he p reval en c e of light ey es pi n k n os es an d bad , ,

coloured coats of t he D achshun ds as a class to day , ,

-
.

Th ere are strictly sp eaki n g thr ee vari eti es of D achshu n d

, ,

( )
a t h e short hai red b
( ) t h e
-
lo n g hai red a n
,
d ( )
c t h e rough -
,

h ai red .
1 82 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
O f th es e we most usually am ed in E n glan dfin d t h e firs t -
n ,

a n d th ey are n o doubt t h e o rigi n al stock O f t he oth ers .

,

though fai rly n um erous in G erman y v ery few a re to be s een ,

in this cou n t ry a n d although on e or t wo hav e b een I mport ed

,

t h e typ e has n ev er s eem ed to app eal to exhibito rs .

Both t h e lon g hai re d a n d rough h ai red vari eti es hav e no

- -

doubt b een produc ed by cross es with oth er b reeds such as t he ,

Span i el a n d p robably t he I rish Terri er resp ectiv ely , .

I n t h e lo n g hai red vari ety t h e hai r S h ould be soft a n d wavy

-
,

fo rmi n g l en gthy plum es u n d er t h e th roat lo wer parts of t h e ,

body a n d t h e backs of t he l egs an d it is lo n g est on t h e u n d er

, ,

sid e of t he tail wh ere it fo rms a regular fl ag lik e th at of a

,

S ett er or Span i el The rough h ai re d va ri ety sho ws stro n gly

.
-

a t erri er cross by his varmi n t expression a n d short ears .

Th e G erma n s also subdivid e by colou r a n d agai n for S how ,

pu rpos es by w eight Th es e subdivisio n s are d ealt with in

.

t h ei r p rop er o rd er in t h e sta n da rd of poi n ts a n d it is only ,

n ec essa ry to say h ere that all t h e va ri eti es colours a n d , ,

weights a re j udg ed by t h e sam e stan dard e xc ept in so fa r as

th ey di ffer in t exture of coat A t t he sam e tim e t he G erman s .

t h ems elv es do n ot rega rd t h e dappl e D achshu n ds as y et so

fix ed in typ e as t h e o rigi n al colou red dogs a n d this exc eption ,

must also apply to t he lo n g a n d t h e rough hai red vari et i es .

Th e followi n g G erm an sta n da rd of poi n ts embodi es a

d et ai l ed d escriptio n of t h e b reed
Gen era arance a n d D is positio n — I n g en eral app eara n ce t h e
l A ppe
D achshu n d a v ery lo n g a n d low dog with compact a n d well muscl e d
is ,
-

body resti n g on sho rt slightly crook e d fo re l e gs A lo n g h ead an d

, ,
-
.

e a rs with bold a n d d efia n t ca rriag e a n d i n t ellig en t e xp ressio n

, In .

dispositio n t h e D achshu n d is full of spi rit d efian t wh en attack ed , ,

aggressiv e ev en to foolhardi n ess wh en attackin g ; in play amusin g

a n d u n ti ri n g by n atu re wilful an d u n h eedi n g H ea d—L o n g a n d .
,

app eari n g co n ical from abov e a n d from a sid e vi ew tap eri n g to t h e

, ,

poi n t of t h e muzzl e wedg e shap e d Th e skull should b e b road rath er

, .

than n arro w to allo w pl en ty of b rain room sightly ar ch ed a n d fairly

strai ght without a stop but n ot d eep or s n i py E yes —Medium in
, , ,

.
, ,

siz e ov al a n d s et obliqu ely with v ery cl ea r sha rp exp ressio n an d of a

, , , ,

dark colou r exc ept in t h e ca s e of t h e liv er an d t an wh en t h e ey es may

, ,

b e y ello w a n d in t h e dappl e wh en t h e e y e s may b e light or wall

No s e—
,
”
ey ed . P referably d eep black Th e fl esh colou red an d s p ott e d
.
-
1 84 DOG S A N D A L L A B OU T T HE M
C oloured —D eep black b ro wn ( liv er)
, or grey with gold en or t a n
,

marki n gs ( spots ) ov er t h e ey es at t h e sid e of t h e j aw a n d lips i n n er rim

,

of cars t h e b reast i n sid e a n d back of logs t h e feet an d u n d er t h e tail

, , , ,

f or about on e thi rd of its l en gth

- I n t h e abov e m en tio n e d colou rs whit e
.
-

markin gs ar e obj e ctio n abl e T h e utmost that is allo wed b ein g a sm all
spot or a f ew hairs on t h e ch est D ap p led —A silv er grey to ahn os t
.

.
, ,

whit e fou n datio n colou r with dark i rregular spots ( small f or p refer
, ,

en c e) of da rk grey b ro wn t a n or black T h e gen eral a pp earan c e

, , , .

should b e a b right i n d efi n it e colo ratio n which is co n sid ered esp ecially

us eful in a hu n ti n g dog W ei ght —D achshu n ds in German y are classi
, ,

fi ed by weight as follo ws —L ight we ight D ogs up to 1 6 5 lh

.

-
bitch e s
-

up to 1 5 } lb M iddte we ght—D ogs up to 22 lh bitch es u p to 22 lb

.
,
’

Toys —U p to 1 2 lb
- i

H eavy weight—O ver 22 1h

. .
.
,
- . T h e German pou n d .

is on e t en th mo re tha n t h e E n glish Th e light weight dog isfimos t

-
.
-

us ed f or goin g t o grou n d .
 C HA P TE R XXVIII
T HE OLD W O R K I NG T E RR IE R

THE R E hardly hav e b een a tim e S i n c e t he p eriod of t he

can

Norma n Co n qu est wh en t h e small ea rth dogs which we n ow

ca ll t erri ers w ere n ot kn own in th es e islan ds an d us ed by
sportin g men as ass ist an ts in t h e chas e a n d by husban dm en,

for t he killi n g of obnoxious v ermi n The t wo littl e dogs S hown

.

in th e Bay eux tap estry ru n n i n g with t h e hou n ds in advanc e

of Ki n g Harold s hawki n g party w ere probably m ean t for
’ ‘

t erri ers D am e Juliana B ern ers in t he fift een th c en tury di d

.

not n egl ect to i n clud e t h e Teroures in her catalogu e of

S po rti n g dogs an d a hu n d red y ea rs lat er Dr
,
Caius gav e .

poi n t ed recogn itio n to th ei r valu e in un ea rthi n g t he fox an d

drawi n g t h e badg er .

A n oth er so rt e th ere is wrot e t he docto r s t ran slato r in

, ,
’

1 5 76,
which hun t eth t h e Fox a n d t h e Badg er or Gr ey e o n ely ,

whom we call Terra rs b ecaus e th ey (aft er t he man n er a n d

,

cus t ome of f errets in s ear chi n g for Con n y es ) c reep i n to t h e

g ro u n d e a n d by, that m e an es mak e a fra y d e n ypp e a n d bit

, e

t he F ox e and t h e Badg er in such sort e that ey t h er th ey t ea re

th em in pi ec es with t h ey r t eeth b oyin g in t he bosom e of t h e
,

earth or els e hayl e an d pull th em p erfo rc e out of t h ey r lu rki n g

,

a n gl es dark e d on geon s and clos e cau es ; or at t h e l east through

, ,

cocen ed f ear e driv e th em out of t h eire hollow ha rbou rs in so ,

much that th ey a re comp ell ed to prepare s p eedie flyt e and , ,

b ein g d esi rous of t h e n ext ( alb eit n ot t h e safest ) refuge are ,

oth erwis e tak en an d in t rapped with s n a yres a n d n ett es layd o

ov er hol es to th e sam e purpos e But th es e be t he l east in that
.

”
kyn d e call ed S aga x .
1 86 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
The colour size a n d shap e of t he ori gi n al t erri ers are n ot
, ,

i n di cat ed by t he early writ ers and art suppli es but vagu e and ,

u n c ertain evid enc e Nicholas Cox who wrot e of sporting .

,

dogs in The Gen tlema n s R ecrea ti on s eems to suggest

’

that t h e typ e of wo rki n g t erri er wa s already fix ed s uffi

cien t ly to be divid e d i n to two ki n ds t h e on e havi n g shaggy ,

coats an d straight limbs t h e oth er smooth coats and short b ent

l egs Yet som e y ears lat er an oth er authority—Blom e—ih
,

t h e sam e pub li cation was mo re gua rd ed in his stat em en ts

as to t h e t erri er typ e wh en he wrot e E v erybody that is
a fox hu n t er is of Opi ni o n that h e hath a good breed and ,

som e will say that the t erri er is a p eculi ar S p eci es of its elf I .

will n ot say an ythi n g to t he affi rmativ e or n egative of t he

”
poi n t .

S earchi n g for evid en c e on t h e subj ect on e fin ds that per ,

haps th e earli est referen c es to t he colou rs of t erri ers were mad e

by D ani el in his F i eld S p orts at t he en d of t he eight eenth
c en tury wh en h e d escrib ed two so rts t he on e rough short
, , ,

l egg ed and lo n g back ed v ery stro n g a n d most commo n ly

-

of a black or yello wish colour mix ed with whi t e —e vid en tly

, , ,

a houn d mark ed dog a n d an oth er smooth coat ed a n d b eauti

- -

fully fo rm ed with a sho rt er body a n d more sprightly app ear

,

an ce g en erally of a reddish brown colou r or black with

, ,

”
tan n ed l egs .

G ilpi n s po rtrait of Colo n el Tho rn to n s c el eb rat ed Pitch

’ ’

pai n t ed in 1 7 9 0 pres en ts a t erri er havi n g a smooth whit e coat

,

with a black patch at t h e s et on of t h e u n dock ed tail an d black -

,

marki n gs on t h e fac e a n d ears The dog s h ead is badly dra wn .

’

a n d sma l l in p ropo rtio n but t he body a n d l egs a n d colouri n g

would hardly dis grac t e ott ridg K e n els of to day Fox
e h T e e n — .

t erri ers of a n ot e d strai n were d epict ed from life by R ein agle

in The S p orts ma n s Ca bi n et publish ed ov er a hu n dre d y ears
’
,

ago ; a n d in t he t ext accompan yi n g t he en gravi n g a mi n ut e

accoun t is given of t he p eculiariti es and wo rki n g capaciti es
of t he t erri er W e a re told that th ere were two b reeds t he
.

on e wir e hai re d larg er more powerful a n d harder bitt en ;

-
, , ,
1 88 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
S how were equally obscure and u n k n own a few years back .

Thi rty s even y ea rs ago t h e n ow popular Irish Terri er was prac

-

ti cally u n kn own in E n glan d a n d t he Scottish Terri er was only

,

b egi n n i n g to be recogn is ed as a d isti n ct br eed The Welsh .

Terri er is quit e a n ew i n t roductio n that a doz en or so y ears ago

was s eldom s een outsid e t he Pri n cipality and so rec ently as
1 8 8 1 t h e Ai redal e was m erely a local dog k n own in Yo rkshir e

as th e W at ersid e or t he Bi n gl ey Terri er Yet t he b reeds j ust

.

m en tio n ed a re all of unimp eachabl e anc estry an d t he ci rcum

,

stan c e that th ey were fo rm erly b red withi n limit ed n eighbour

hoods is in its elf a n a rgum en t in favour of th eir purity We .

hav e s een t h e proc ess of a sud den l eap i n to recogn itio n en act ed
duri n g t h e past few y ears in co n n ectio n with t h e whit e t erri er
of t h e W e st ern H —
ighla ds a dog which was familiarly known
n

in Argyllshi re cen tu ri es ago y et which has only lat ely em erged

,

from t he h eath ery hillsid es arou n d Poltalloch to b ecom e an

att raction on t he b en ch es at t he C rystal Palac e an d on t he
lawn s of t h e Botanical G ard en s an d t he exampl e suggests
t h e possibility that in anoth er d ecad e or so t h e n egl ect ed
S ealyh am Terri er t he ignor ed t erri er of t h e Bo rd ers an d t he
, ,

almost fo rgott en J ack R uss ell st rai n may hav e claim ed a d ue

,

recomp en s e for th eir lo n g n egl ect .

Th ere a re lov ers of t he ha rd bitt en wo rki n g

-
earth dogs

who still k eep th ese st rai n s inviolat e a n d who gr eatly prefer

,

th em to t he b ett er kn own t erri ers whos e n atu ral activiti es

-

hav e b een too oft en at rophi ed by a syst em of artificial br eedi n g

to show poi n ts F ew of th es e old u n regist ered b reeds would
.

att ract t h e ey e of t he fan ci er accustom ed to j udg e a dog

paradi n g b efo re him in t he S how ri n g To k n ow th ei r valu e
.

a n d to appreciat e th eir st erli n g good qua liti es on e n eeds to,

watch th em at wo rk on badg er or wh en th ey hit upo n t he lin e

of a n ott er It is th en that th ey display t h e al ert n ess an d t he
.

—
dare d evil courage whi ch hav e won for t h e E n glish t erri ers
th eir n am e a n d fam e .

A n exc ell en t wo rki n g t erri er was t he whit e rough hai red,

-

strain k ept by t he R ev J ohn R uss ell in D evo n shire a n d

.
 TH E OLD WOR K I NG T E RR I E R 1 89

distribut ed amo n g privileged sportsm en a bout Som ers etshi re

and G loucest ershire The wo rki n g attribut es of th es e en er
,

getic t erri ers have lo n g b een und erstood an d t he sma rt plucky , ,

littl e dogs hav e b een constantly cov et ed by breed ers all ov er t h e

cou n try but th ey hav e n ever won t he popularity th ey d es erv e
,

Thos e who hav e k ept both vari eti es prefer t he R uss ell to
t h e S ealyham T erri er which is n ev erth el es s an exc ell en t
,

wo rk er It is on reco rd that on e of th es e a bitch of o n ly 9 lb

.
, .

w eight fought an d kill ed si n gl e ha n d ed a full grown dog fox

, ,
-
,
- -
.

Th e S ealyham d eriv es its b reed n am e from t h e s eat of t he

E d ward es family n ear Hav erfo rd west in P embrok eshi re
, , ,

wh er e t he st rai n has b een carefully pres erved for w ell over a

c en tury It is a lo n g bodi ed sho rt l egged t erri er with a
.
-
,
-
,

hard wi ry coat frequ en tly whol e whi t e but also whit e with
, , ,

black or brown marki n gs or b rown with black Th ey may be .

as h eavy as 1 7 lb but 1 2 lb is t he av erag e w eight Som e

.
, . .

years ago t h e b reed s eem ed to be on t h e down grad e r equi ri n g ,

fresh blood from a well chos en out c ross On e h ears very - -

.

littl e concerni n g th em n owadays but it is c ertai n that wh en ,

in th ei r prim e th ey poss ess ed all t he grit d et ermi n atio n an d , ,

en du ran c e t h at a re look ed for in a good wo rki n g t erri er .

A wi re hai red black and t a n t erri er was o n c e common in

-

Su ffolk and No rfolk wh ere it was much us ed for rabbiti n g

, ,

but it may now be exti n ct or if n ot ex t i n ct probably id entified

, , ,

with t he Welsh Terri er which it clos ely res embl ed in siz e

,

a n d colou ri n g Th ere was also in S h ropshi r e a w ell known

.
-

b reed of wi re h ai r t erri ers black a n d t an on v ery S hort l egs

-
, , ,

a n d w eighi n g about I O lb or 1 2 lb with lo n g pu n ishi n g h eads

. .
,

a n d ext rao rdi n ary wo rki n g po wers So too in L an cashi re .

, ,

a n d Ch es hi re on e us ed to m eet with sa n dy colou red t erri ers -

of no v ery well auth en ticat ed st rai n but clos ely res embli n g ,

t he p res en t b reed of I rish Terri er a n d Squi re Tho rn to n at ,

his plac e n ear Pick eri n g in Yo rkshi re had a breed of wi re, ,

h ai rs t an in colou r wi th a black strip e down t he back Th en

‘

th ere is t he Cowl ey st rai n k ept by t he Co wl eys of Calli p ers , ,

n ea r Ki n g s L an gl ey Th es e a re whit e wire haired dogs

’
-
.
1 9 0 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

ma k ed lik e t he Fox t erri er a n d exc eedi n gly gam e Possibly

r -
, .

t he E lt erwat er Terri er is n o lo n ger to be found but som e few ,

of th em sti ll exist ed a doz en y ears or so ago in th e L ak e D istrict ,

wh ere th ey were us ed in co n j u n ctio n wi th t h e West Cumb er

lan d O tt erh oun ds Th ey w ere n ot easily disti n guishable from
.

t he b ett er known Bo rd er Terri ers of which th ere are still

-

man y strains ran gi n g from No rthumb erland wh ere Mr T

, , . .

R obso n of B ell
, i n gh am h as k ept th em for ma n y y ea rs to
, ,

G alloway a n d Ayrshi re an d t he L othian s wh ere th eir coats ,

b ecom e lo n ger a n d l ess crisp .

Th ere a re man y mo re local vari eti es of t h e wo rki n g t erri er

as for example t he R os en eath which is oft en co n fus ed with
, , ,

t h e Poltalloch or Whit e W est Highl an d er to whom it is

, ,

possibly relat ed An d t he Pitt en weem with which t he P 0 1

.
,

t a lloch T erri ers a re n ow b ei n g c ross ed ; whi l e Mrs A last ai r .

Campb ell of Ar dris h aig has a pack of C ai rn Terri ers which

, ,

s eem to rep res en t t he o rigi n al typ e of t he imp rov ed Scotti e .

Co n sid eri n g t he gr eat n umb er of strai n s that h ave b een pro

s erv ed by spo rti n g fami li es a n d m ai n tai n ed in mo re or l ess
purity to typ e it is easy to u n d erstan d how a n ew b reed
,

may be com e fashio n abl e a n d still claim t he honour of long

,

d esc en t Th ey may n ot in all cas es hav e t h e b eauty of shap e

.

which is d esi red on t h e sh ow b en ch but it is well to rem em

ber that whil e our s h ow t erri ers hav e b een b red to t h e high es t
p erfectio n we still poss ess in Great Brit ai n a s eparat e ord er of
e arth dogs that for pluckily followi n g t he fox a n d t h e badger
i n to th ei r lai rs or bolti n g a n ott er from his h olt can n ot be
e xc ell e d all t h e wo rld ov er .
1 9 2 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

Writ ers can i n e histo ry a n d Mr R awdon L ee amo n g t he

on , .

numb er t ell us that t h e E n glis h Whit e Terri er is a compara

,

t iv ely n ew b reed a n d that th ere is no e vid en c e to S how wh ere

,

h e origi n ally sp ran g from who produc ed him or for what

, ,

reaso n h e was i n t roduc e d His exist en c e as a dis t i n ct breed

.

is dat ed back n o lo n g er than fo rty y ears Thi s is about th e .

acc ept ed a ge of most of our n am ed E n glish t erri ers Half a .

c entu ry ago b efore t he i n stitutio n of prop erly o rgani s ed dog

,

shows drew particular att en tion to t he diff eren tiatio n of breeds ,

t he g en eric t erm t erri er without disti n ctio n was appli ed

%

to all earth dogs a n d t he consid eration of colou r and siz e was

,

t he only commo n rul e obs erv ed in b reeding But it would .

not be di fli cult to prov e that a whit e t erri er res embling t he

on e n ow und er n otic e exist ed in E n glan d as a s eparat e vari ety

many g en eratio n s ant erio r to t he p eriod usu a lly assign ed t o

its r ecogn itio n .

In t he National Port rait G allery th ere is a port rait of Mary

of Mod en a Qu een Co n so rt of J am es II p ai n t ed in 1 670 by
, .
,

W illi am Wissi n g who has i n troduc ed at t he Qu een s sid e a

,
’

t erri er that is u n doubt edly of this typ e The dog has slight .

b rown or b ri n dl e marki n gs on t h e back as man y E n glish ,

Whit e Terri ers h av e and it is to be presum ed that it is of the

,

breed from whi ch this vari ety is d escen d ed .

A part from colour th ere is n ot a gr eat di fferenc e b etween

t he Whi t e E n glish Terri er a n d t he Manch est er Black and
Tan But although th ey are of similar shap e and partak e
.

much of t he sam e g en eral charact er y et th ere is th e disti n ction

,

that in t he black a n d tan t he co n s ervatio n of typ e is st ro n g er

a n d mo re n otic eabl e tha n in t he whi t e in which t he co rrect ,

shap e a n d actio n a re diffi cult to obtai n It ought n atu rally .

to be easi er to breed a pu re whit e dog from whi t e paren ts than

to b reed co rrectly mark ed an d well tan n ed puppi es from per
f eet black a n d tan s but t he effo rts of many b reed ers do not
s eem to suppo rt such a th eo ry in con n ectio n with t he E n glish
T erri er whos e litt ers frequ en tly show t he bl emish of a spot
,

of bri n dl e or russ et Th es e spots usually app ear b ehi n d th e

.
 THE WH I T E ENGL IS H T E RR I ER 1 93

a s or on t he n eck a n d a re of cours e a dis figu rem en t on a

e r ,

dog w h os e coat to be p erfect should be of a n i n t en s e and

brilli an t wh it e It app ears to be equally di fli cult to b reed
.

on e which wh il e ha v i n g t h e d esi re d purity of colou r is also

, ,

p erfect in shap e a n d t erri er charact er It is to be n ot ed

too that many ot h erwis e good sp ecim en s are d eaf—a fault
.
,

whic h s eriously mi litat es agai n st t he dog s possibili ti es as a ’

compan io n or as a watch .

Birmi n gham a n d Manch est er wer e t h e localiti es in which t h e

E n glish T erri er was most popular forty y ears ago but it was ,

Mr Fred erick Whi t e of Claph am who b red all t h e b est of t he

.
, ,
_

whi t e vari ety and who mad e it popular in t he n eighbourhood

of L o n don His t erri ers w ere of a strai n foun d ed by a dog
.

n am ed Ki n g D ick a n d in 1 8 63 h e exhibit ed a n otabl e t eam in

,

L addi e Fly Teddi e and Nettl e Mr S E Shi rl ey M P was

, , , . . . .
, . .
,

att ract ed to t he b reed and poss ess ed man y good examples

, ,

as also did t he R ev J W M ello r an d Mr J H Murchiso n

. . . . . . .

Mr Alfr ed B en j am in s Silvio was a promi n ent dog in 1 877

’
. .

Silvio was b red by Mr J am es R oocroft of Bolto n who .

, ,

own ed a larg e k en n el of this v ariet y of t erri er and who j oi n ed ‘

with his town sman Jo e W alk er an d with Bill P ear so n in

, ,

rai si n g t h e b reed to popularity in L a ncashir e Bill P earso n .

was t he breeder of Tim who wa s co n sid ered t h e b est t erri er

,

of his t im e a dog of 1 4 lb with a b rillian t whit e coat t he

, ,

dark est of eyes a n d a p erfect black n os e

, .

It is apparen t that t h e Whipp et was larg ely us ed as a cross

with t he E n glish Terri er which may accou n t to a gr eat ,

ext en t for t h e d ecli n e of t erri er charact er in t h e b reed Wis er .

b reed ers had recours e to t h e mo re clos ely alli ed Bull t erri er -

Mr Shi rl ey s priz e wi n n i n g Purity was by Tim out of a Bull

’
.

t erri er bitch a n d th ere is n o doubt t h at what ever st am i n a

,

r em ai n s in t h e b reed h as b een support ed by t hi s cross .

Th e followi n g is t h e d escriptio n laid down by t h e Whit e

E n glish Terri er Club

H ea d—N arro w lo n g a n d l ev el ahn os t fl at skull without ch eek

, , ,

mu s cl es , wedg e-shap ed , well fill ed up un d er t he e yes tap eri n g to

, the
N
1
94 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
n os e , an d n ot lippy E yes —S mall a n d black s et fairly clos e togeth er
N os e—P erf e ctly black E ars—Cropp e d a n d
.
, ,

an d oblo n g in shap e
sta n di n g p erfectly ere ct Neck a n d S h oul d ers—T h e n eck sho uld b e
. .

fairly lo n g a n d tap erin g from t h e should ers to t h e h ead with slopi n g ,

should ers t h e n e ck b ein g free from th roati n ess an d slightly ar ch e d

at t h e occiput Ch e s t —N arro w a n d d eep B o d y—S ho rt a n d cu rvin g
, ,

. .

up war ds at t h e loi n s sp ru n g out b ehin d t h e should ers back slightly

, ,

ar ch e d at loi n s an d falli n g again at t h e j oi n i n g of t h e tai l to t h e sam e

h eight as t h e should ers L egs—P erfe ctly straight an d well u n d er t h e
,

body mod erat e in bo n e a n d of p ropo rtio n at e l en gth F eet —F ee t

.

, , .

n ic e ly a r ch ed with to es s e t well tog e th er a n d mo re in cli n e d to b e rou n d

than hare foot ed T a il—Mod erat e l en gth a n d s et on wh ere t h e arch of
, ,

-
.
,

t h e back en ds thick wh ere it j oi n s t h e body tap eri n g to a poi n t a n d

Co a t —Clos e har d sho rt a n d glossy
, , ,

n ot carri e d high er tha n t h e back

C olou r—P u re whit e
. .
, , ,

colou re d marki n g to disqualify Co n di tio n

W ei gh t—F rom 1 2 lb to 20 lb
, .

F l esh an d muscl es to b e ha rd a n d fi rm . . .
1 9 6 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

L ik e t he Whit e E n glish Terri ers t he Black and has fall en Tan

on evil days It is n ot a popular dog amo n g fanci ers a n d
.
,

although man y good o n es may be s een occasio n ally about t he

streets t he breed su ffers from want of t he care and att en tion
that are i n cid ental to t he br eedi n g and r eari n g of dogs i n t end ed
for comp etition at shows .

Th er e a re man y who hold t he opi n io n that on e of t he chi ef

.

reasons for t he d ecad en ce in t he popularity of t he Black a n d

Tan Terri er n otwithstan di n g its man y claims to favour is to
, ,

be fou n d in t h e loss of that v ery al ert app eara n c e which was

a gen eral charact eristic b efo re t h e K en n el Club mad e it ill egal
to crop t he ears of such as w ere int en d ed for exhibition It .

must be admitt ed that until v ery r ec en tly th ere was a con

s id era ble amount of truth in t h e pr eval en t Opi n io n i n asmuc h ,

as a rath er h eavy ear it carri ed er ect was t he b est mat erial

, ,

to wo rk upo n and from which to produc e t he lo n g fin e an d

, , ,

upright or p rick ed eff ect which was look ed upo n as b ei n g

,

t h e corr ect thi n g in a cropp ed dog h en c e it followed that no

care was tak en to s el ect b reedi n g stock lik ely to produc e t he
small s emi erect w ell carri ed an d thi n ears required to day
,
-
,
-
,
-
,

cons equ en tly wh en t he edict fo rbiddi n g t he us e of scisso rs

cam e into forc e th ere w ere v ery few small eared dogs to be -

found It has tak en at l east t en or a doz en y ears to eradicat e

.

t h e mischi ef a n d ev en y et t h e cure is n ot compl et e

, .

An oth er facto r which has had a bad effect is t he b eli ef ,

whi ch has b ecom e much too pr eval en t that a great d eal of ,

faki n g h as b een practis ed in t he past and that it has b een ,

so cl ev erly p erfo rm ed as to d ec eive t he most obs ervant j udge ,

wh ereby a v ery arti ficial sta n dard of quaht y has b een obtai n ed .

The stan dard of poi n ts by which t h e b reed S hould be

j udged is as fo llows
l — t i calculat d to tak e his own part in t h e
Gen era A ppear n ce A err er a e
ra t pit , an
d n ot of
hipp t typ
the W e e —T h e h ead should b e lo n g
H ea d .
,

fl at , a n d a o
n r r l v l
w, e e a n ddg shap d without sho wi n g ch eek
we e -
e ,
muscl s e ; ll fill d up u d
we e y s ith tap eri n g tightly lipp e d
n er t h e e e , w -

—
,

ja s
w l v l t th
d y
E y s should b e v ery small sparkli n g
Th e e e
oblo g in shap e Nos e—B lack
a n e e ee es .
, ,

an d b ight
r fai ly clos tog th
, s et r e e er a n d n . .
 THE B LA C K A N D T A N T E RR I E R 1 97

E a rs—Th e co rrect carriag e of cars is a d ebatabl e poi n t si n c e croppin g

has b een abolish ed P robably in t h e la rg e b reed t h e d rop ear is co rrect
.
,

but f or T oys eith er ere ct or s emi erect ca rriag e of t h e ear is most

-

d esirabl e Neck an d S h oul d ers—Th e n eck should b e fai rly lo n g an d

.

tap eri n g from t h e should ers to t h e h ead with slopi n g should ers t h e
, ,

n e ck b ei n g free from th roati n ess a n d slightly a rch e d at t h e occiput

Ch est—Th e ch est should b e n arro w but d eep B o d y—T h e body should
.

b e mod erat ely sho rt a n d cu rvi n g up war ds at t h e loi n ribs well S p ru n g ,

back slightly a rch ed at t h e loi n an d fallin g agai n at t h e j oi n i n g of t h e

tail to t h e same h eight as t h e should ers F eet—Th e feet should be
.

mo re i n clin e d to b e cat tha n hare foot ed T ail— T h e tail should b e of

-
.

mod erat e l en gth an d s et on wh ere t h e arch of t h e back en ds thick

wh ere it j oi n s t h e body tap erin g to a poi n t a n d n ot ca rri e d hi gh er
tha n t h e back Coa t—T h e coat should b e clos e smooth sho rt an d
, ,

.
, ,

glossy Colour T h e coat should b e j et black an d rich mahogan y t an

.
-
,

distribut e d ov er t h e body as follo ws On t h e h ead t h e muzzl e is tan n ed

to t h e n os e which with t h e n asal bo n e is j et black T h ere is also a
, .

b right spot on each ch eek an d abov e e ach ey e t h e u n d erj aw a n d thr oat

are ta n n e d a n d t h e hair i n sid e t h e e ars is t h e sam e colou r ; t h e fo re l e gs
,
-

ta n n ed up to t h e k n ee with black li n es ( p en cil ma rks ) up e ach t oe

, ,

an d a black ma rk ( thumb ma rk ) abov e t h e foot ; i n sid e t h e hi n d l e gs -

tan n ed but divid ed with black at t h e ho ok j oi n ts an d u n d er t h e tail

,

also tan n e d ; a n d so is t h e v en t but o n ly suffi ci en tly to b e easily

,

cov ered by t h e tail ; also slightly tan n e d on each sid e of t h e ch est

T an outsid e t h e hi n d l egs—commo n ly call ed b re echi n g—is a s erious
.

d efect I n all cas es t h e black should n ot run i n to t h e t a n n or vice vers a

.
, ,

but t h e di v isio n b etween t h e t wo colou rs should b e well d efi n ed

W ei gh t —F or toys n ot exc eedi n g 7 lb
.

f or t h e lar g e b reed fr om 1 0 to
.

20 lb is most d esirabl e
. .
 C HA P TE R XXXI
T HE B ULL T E R R I E R
-

T HE Bull t erri er is n ow a g en tl eman ly an d r esp ectably own e d

-

d og wea ri n g a n immaculat e whit e coat a n d a bu rn ish e d

,

silv er collar h e has d eali n gs wit h a ristocracy an d is n o lo n ger ,

co n t em n ed for k eepi n g bad compa n y But a gen eratio n or .

two ago h e wa s commo n ly t he as s ocra t e of rogu es a n d vaga

bo n ds skulki n g at t h e h eels of such m emb ers of soci ety as Mr
, .

William Sik es whom he accompan i ed at n ight on darksom e

,

busi n ess to k eep watch outsid e while Bill was withi n crack ,

in g t h e c rib I n thos e days t h e dog s e a rs w ere clos ely

’
.

cropp ed n ot for t he sak e of emb ellishm en t but as a m easu re

, ,

of prot ectio n agai n st t he fan gs of his oppo n en t in t he pit wh en

mo n ey was laid upo n t h e result of a w ell fought fight to t he -

d eath For fighti n g was t h e ack n owl edg ed vocatio n of his

.

o rd er and h e was b re d a n d t rai n ed to t h e wo rk He kn ew

, .

som ethi n g of rats too a n d man y of his ki n d were fam ed in t he

, ,

lan d for t h ei r p rowess in this di rectio n Jimmy Shaw s J acko .

’

could fin ish off sixty rats in th ree mi n ut es a n d on on e occasio n ,

mad e a reco rd by killi n g a thousan d in a t ri fl e over an hou r

a n d a half .

Th e b reed is suffi ci en tly mod ern to l eav e n o doubt as t o

its d erivatio n I n t h e fir st quart er of t h e ni n et een th c entury
.

att en tion was b eing di rect ed to t h e improv em en t of t erri ers

gen erally a n d n ew types w ere sought for Th ey were alert
,
.
,

agil e li ttl e dogs exc ell en t for wo rk in t h e cou n t ry but

,

t h e e xt ravaga n t Co ri n thia n s of t h e tim e— t h e you n g gam est ers

who patro n is ed t h e priz e ri n g a n d t he cock pit—d esi red to
- -

ha v e a dog wh o should do som ethi n g mo re t h an kill rats or ,

1 9 8
20 0 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
whit e was b ecomi n g frequ en t a n d was much admi red A , .

st rai n of pu re whit e was b red by J am es Hi n ks a well kn own ,

-

dog d eal er of Birmi n gh am and it is n o doubt to Hi n ks that

-
,

we a re i n d ebt ed for t h e el egan t Bull t erri er of t h e typ e that -

we k n ow to day Th es e Bi rmi n gham dogs show ed a r ohn e

-
.

m en t a n d grac e a n d a n abs en c e of t h e crook l egs an d colou red -

patch es which b et rayed that Hi n ks had b een usi n g a n out

cross with t he E n glish Wh it e Terri er thus getti n g away furth er ,

still from t he Bulldog .

With t h e adv en t of th e Hi n ks strai n in 1 862 t he short fac ed -

dog fell i n to disreput e a n d pu re whit e b ecam e t he accept ed

,

colou r Th ere was a wid e latitud e in t h e matt er of weight

. .

If all oth er poi n ts wer e g ood a dog might w eigh a n ything

,

b etween 1 0 a n d 3 8 lbs but class es were usually divid ed for

.
,

thos e abov e an d thos e b elo w 1 6 lb Th e typ e b ecam e fix ed .

,

and it was rul ed that t h e p erfect Bull t erri er must have a -

%

long h ead wid e b etween t h e ears l ev el j aws a small black ey e

, , , ,

a large black n os e a lo n g n eck straight fo re l egs a small

, ,
-
,

hare foot a narrow ch est d eep brisk et pow erful loi n lo n g

, , , ,

body a tail s et an d carri ed low a fin e coat a n d small ears well

, , ,
”
hung an d droppi n g fo rwa rd .

Idston e who wrot e this d escriptio n in 1 8 72 earn estly

, ,

i n sist ed that t he ears of all dogs should be l eft u n cut a n d as

Natur e mad e th em but for twen ty y ears th ereaft er t he ears
of t he B ull t erri er co n ti n u ed to be cropp ed to a thi n erect
-
,

poi n t .Th e p ractic e o f c roppi n g it is t ru e was ev en , ,

th en illegal a n d pun ishabl e by law but although th ere were , ,

occasional co n victio n s u n d er t he Cru elty to An imals A ct ,

t he dog own ers who admir ed t h e al ert n ess a n d p erki n ess of

t he cut ea r ign or ed t he risk th ey ra n a n d it was n ot until t h e ,

K enn el Club took resolut e actio n agai n st t he practice that

croppi n g wa s en ti rely aban do n ed .

The p resid ent of t h e K en n el Club Mr S E Shi rl ey M P , . . .

, .

had hims elf b een a promi n en t own er an d b reed er of t he Bull

t erri er His Nelso n b red by Joe Willock was c el eb rat ed
.
, ,

as an excell ent exampl e of t he small siz ed t erri er at a tim e -

, ,
 THE B U LL -T E RR I E R 20 1

h owev er wh en th ere were n ot a great man y comp etitors of t he

,

hig h est quality His D ick also was a remarkably good dog
.
, , .

E arli er S p ecim en s w h ich h av e l eft t h ei r n am es in t h e histo ry of

t h e b reed w ere Hin k s s O ld D utch who was p erhaps ev en a
’

, , ,

mo re p erfect t errier t h a n t he sam e b reed er s Madman a n d ’

Puss .

Lancashi re a n d Yo rkshi re hav e al ways b een not ed for good

Bull t erri ers an d t he b est of t h e b reed hav e usually b een pro
-
,

d uced in t h e n eighbo urhoods of L eeds B radfo rd Ma n ch est er , , ,

Bolto n and Liv erpool whil e Bi rmi n gham also S h ared in t he

, ,

reputatio n A t on e tim e L o n do n ers gav e ca reful att en tio n to

.

t h e b reed stimulat ed th ereto by t h e en cou ragem en t of

,

Mr S hi rl ey an d t h e succ ess of A lfred G eo rg e

. .

O f rec ent years t he Bull t erri er has n ot b een a gr eat favourit e -

,

a n d it has sadly d et erio rat ed in typ e ; but th ere are signs

that t he vari ety is agai n comi n g i n to r eput e and withi n t h e ,

past two years man y a dmi rabl e sp ecim en s—as n early p erfect ,

p erh aps as man y that won ho n our in form er g en erations

,

hav e b een b roug h t i n to p romin en c e Amo n g dogs for .

,

e xampl e th ere are Mr E T P imm s Sweet L av end er D r

’
. . .
, .
,

M Amsl er s Ma cGregor Mr Chris Houlk er s His High n ess

.
’
, .
’

a n d Mr J Hayn es Bloomsbury You n g Ki n g Among bitch es

’
. . .

th ere are Mrs Kippi n g s D elphi n ium Wild a n d D esd emo n a

.
’

Mr Ho rn by s L ady Sweeth ea rt Mr W Mayo r s Mill G i rl

.
’

, . .
’
,

Mr T Ga n n a wa y s Charlwood B ell e Dr J W L ow s B ess of

. .
’

, . . .
’

Hard wick e and Mrs E G Mo n ey s E astbou rn e Ta rqueenia

’

, . . . .

Whil e th es e an d such as th es e b eautiful a n d typical t erri ers

a re b eing br ed a n d exhibit ed th ere is n o caus e to f ea r a furth er

d ecli n e in popularity for a vari ety so emi n en tly en gaging .

Th e club d escriptio n is as follows

Gen er al A ppea ra n c e—T h e g en eral app ea ra n c e of t h e B ull t erri er -

is t at of a symm etrical a n imal t h e embodim en t of agility grace

h
H ea d—T h e h e ad should b e lo n g fl at
, , ,

e l e ga n c e an d d e t ermi n atio n
, .
, ,

a n d wid e b e tween t h e ear s tap eri n g to t h e n os e without ch eek muscl es

, , .

T h ere should b e a slight i n d en tatio n do wn t h e fac e with out a stop ,

b etween t h e ey es T h e j aws should b e lo n g a n d v ery po werful with a

.
,

larg e black n os e an d op en n ostrils E y es small a n d v ery black a lmo n d .

,

hap e p referred T h e lips should m eet as tightly as possibl e without

.
,
20 2 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

a fold T h e t ee th should b e re gular in shap e a n d should m eet exactly

.
,

a n y d eviatio n su ch as pigj aw or b ei n g u n d erhu n g is a great fault

E a rs—T h e e a rs wh en c ropp e d should b e do n e sci en tifically a n d acco r d
.
, , ,

, ,

in g to fashio n Cropp e d dogs ca n n ot win a p riz e at sho ws h e ld u n d r

. e

K en n el Club rul es if bo rn aft er M arch 3 ls t 1 8 9 5

, W h en n ot cropp ed
, .
,

it should b e a s emi erect car but oth ers do n o t disqualify Neck

-
, .

T h e n e ck should b e lo n g a n d slightly ar ch e d n icely s et i n to t h e should ers

,

tap eri n g to t h e h ead without a n y loos e skin as fou n d in t h e B ulldog

S h oul d ers—T h e shoul d ers should b e st ro n g muscula r a n d sla n ti n g
.
,

B a c k —T h e back
, ,

t h e ch est wid e a n d d ee p with ribs we ll r ou n d e d

, .

sho rt a n d muscula r but n ot out of p ropo rtio n to t h e gen eral co n tou r

of t h e a n imal L egs—T h e fo re l egs should b e p erfe ctly straight with
,
-
.
,

well d ev elop e d muscl es ; n ot out at should er but s et on t h e raci n g

-
,

li n e s a n d v ery stro n g at t h e past ern j oi n ts T h e hi n d l egs a re lo n g

,
.
-

a n d in p ropo r ti o n to t h e fo re l e gs muscular with good str o n g st r aight

-

F eet —
, , , ,

h o ok s well let do wn n ea r t h e grou n d Th e f e et mo re re s embl e

thos e of a cat tha n a h are C olou r— S hould b e whit e Coa t —S ho rt
.
,

. .

clos e a n d sti ff to t h e touch with a fi n e gloss T ail— S ho rt in pro

,

.
, ,

po rtio n to t h e siz e of t h e dog s et on v ery low d o wn thick wh ere it

, ,

j oi n s t h e body an d tap eri n g to a fi n e poi n t I t should b e ca rri ed at a n

, .

a n gl e of about 4 5 d e grees without cu rl a n d n ev er over t h e back

H ei gh t a t S h oul d ers — W ei gh t—F r om 1 5 lb
.
, ,

F rom 1 2 to 1 8 i n ch es . .

to 5 0 lb .
 204 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
ho wev er w ell establish ed that t h e form er own ed his sire also
, ,

call ed J ock a n d that his dam G rov e P epp er was t he prop erty
, , ,

o f Mo rga n He first cam e b efo re t he public at t h e B irmin g

.

ham S how in 1 8 62 wh ere shown by Mr Wootto n of Notti n g , , .

,

ham h e won first priz e He subs equ en tly chan ged han ds
, .

s ev eral tim es till h e b ecam e t he p rop erty of Mr M urchiso n

, .
,

in whos e hands h e di ed in t h e early s ev en ti es He was

’
.

exhibit ed for t h e last tim e at t h e C rystal Palac e in 1 8 0 a n d

7 ,

though th en ov er t en y ears old won s eco n d to t he sam e

o wn er s Trimm er A t his b est he was a smart well balan c ed
’
-
.
,

t erri er with p erh aps too much daylight u n d er him and want
, ,

ing som ewhat in j aw power but he show ed far l ess of t he

Bull t erri er typ e than did his co n t empo rary Tartar
-
.

T h is dog s ant ec ed en ts w ere v ery qu estio n abl e and his

’

b reed er is giv en as Mr St ev en so n of Ch est er most of whos e .

, ,

d ogs w ere Bull t erri ers pu re and simpl e S av e that th ey had

-
,

d rop ears a n d sho rt st ern s b ei n g in this resp ect u n lik e old ,

Trap whos e sir e is g en erally suppos ed to hav e b een a Black

,

a n d Ta n Terri er This dog cam e from t h e O akl ey K en n els a n d

.
,

h e wa s suppos ed to hav e b een b red by a mill er at L eic est er .

How ev er qu estio n abl e t h e a n tec ed en ts of th es e thr ee t erri ers

may hav e b een th ey a re u n doubt edly t h e p rog en itors of our
,

pr es en t st rai n an d from th em a ros e t he k en n els that we

,

hav e to day -
.

M en tio n has b een mad e of Mr Murchison an d to him we owe .

,

in a gr eat m easu re t h e start in popularity which si n c e t he

foun datio n of his larg e k en n el t he Fox t erri er has en j oyed -
.

Mr Mu rchiso n s chi ef oppo n en ts in t h e early s ev en ti es

.
’ ’

w ere Mr G ibso n of B rock en hu rst with his dogs Tyk e and

. , ,

O ld Foil er ; Mr Luk e Tu rn er of Leic est er with his B elvoir

.
, ,

strai n which lat er gav e us Ch B rock en hurst Joe Ch O liv e

,
.
, .

and h er s on Ch Spic e ; Mr Th eodo re Bass ett Mr Allison

, . .
, .
,

and a y ear or so lat er Mr Fred erick Burbidg e t he M essrs

, , .
, .

Clark e Mr Ti n n e Mr Francis R edmond an d Mr Vicary

, .
, .
, . .

A bout this tim e a trem en dous imp etus was giv en to t he b reed
by t he formation in 1 876 of t h e Fox t erri er Club which , ,
-
,
 T HE SM OO T H F O X -T ERR I E R 20 5

owed its inc eptio n to Mr Hardi n g Cox a n d a pa rty of en th u .

s ia s t s s eat ed rou n d his di n n er tabl e at 3 6 R uss ell Square , ,

am ong whom w ere M es s rs Bass ett Bu rbidg e D oyl e A lliso n .

, , , ,

a n d R edmo n d t h e last two n amed b ei n g still m emb ers of t h e

,

club Th e id ea was v ery warmly welcom ed a committ ee

.
,

form ed an d a scal e of poi n ts d rawn up which with but on e

, ,

alt eratio n is in vogu e to day E v ery p romi n en t exhibitor

,
-
.

or b reed er th en an d with few exc eption s sinc e has b een a

, ,

m emb er and t he club is by far t he st ro n g est of all sp ecialist

,

clubs .

It will be well to giv e h ere t h e said stan dard of poi n ts .

H ead an d E a rs—Th e S k ull should b e fl at an d mod e at ely n arro w r ,

an d gradually d ecreasi n g in width to t h e eyes N ot much stop .

should b e appa ren t but th ere should b e mo re dip in t h e p rofil e b etween

,

th e fo reh ead a n d top j a w tha n is s een in t h e cas e of a Greyhou n d Th e .

C he k s must n ot b e full
e T h e E a rs should b e V — shap e d a n d small of
. ,

mod erat e thick n ess a n d d roppi n g fo rward clos e to t h e ch eek n ot

, ,

ha n gi n g by t h e sid e of t h e h ead lik e a F oxh ou n d s T h e J a w upp er ’

.
,

a n d u n d er should b e st ro n g a n d muscula r
, should b e of fai r pu n ishi n g
stren gth but n ot so in a n y wa y to res embl e t h e Greyhou n d or mod ern
,

E n glish T erri er T h ere should n ot b e much falli n g away b elo w t h e

.

ey es . T his part of t h e h ead should ho wev er b e mod erat ely chi se ll d , , ,

e

out so as n ot to go do wn in a straight lin e lik e a we dg e T h e N os

, . e,

to wards which t h e muzzl e must gradually tap er should b e black ,

.

T h e E y es should b e da rk in colou r small a n d rath er d eep s et f ull of , , ,

fi re lif e a n d in t elli g en c e
, , as n e arly as possibl e cir cul ar in shap e T h e .

T e th should b e as n ea rly as possibl e l ev el t e t h e upp er t eeth on t h e

e

outsid e of t h e lo wer t eeth Nec k —S hould b e cl ean a n d muscula r

, . .
,

.
,

without th roati n ess o f fair l en gth an d gradually wid en i n g to t h e

should ers S h oul d ers a n d Ch est—Th e S hould ers should b e lo n g an d
, ,

S lopi n g well lai d back fi n e at t h e poi n ts an d cl e arly cut at t h e

B a c k a n d Loin —T h e
, , ,

with ers T h e C hes t d eep an d n ot b road

. .

B a ck should b e sho rt strai ght a n d stro n g with n o app ea r , , ,

a n c e of S lack n ess T h e L oin S hould b e po werful a n d v ery slightly

.

arch e d T h e fo re ribs should b e mod erat ely arch e d t h e back ribs

.
,

d eep ; an d t h e dog S hould b e well ribb e d up H i n d qua rters -

—
.

S hould b e st ro n g an d muscular quit e fr ee from dr oop or crouch ; ,

t h e thi ghs lo n g a n d po werful ; h ook s n e a r t h e grou n d t h e dog ,

stan di n g well up on th em lik e a F oxhou n d a n d n ot straight in t h e

sti fl e S tern —S hould b e s et on rath er high a n d carri ed gaily but n ot
,

.
, ,

ov er t h e back or cu rl ed I t ”should b e of goo d stren gth a n yt hi n g .

,

app roachi n g a pip e stopp er tail b ei n g esp eci ally obj ectio n abl e
%

L egs a n d F eet —T h e L egs vi ewed in a n y dire ctio n must b e straight

-
.

sho win g littl e or n o app ear an c e of a n a n kl e in fr o n t T h ey should b e .

stro n g in bo n e th roughout sho rt a n d straight to past ern B oth fo re , .

a n d hi n d l e gs should b e carri ed st r ai ght fo rwa rd in t rav elli n g t h e ,

206 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

sti fl es n ot tu rn e d outwar ds Th e elbo ws should han g p erp en di cular

.

to t h e body wo rkin g free of t h e sid e Th e F eet should b e rou n d

, .
,

compact a n d n ot large Th e sol es hard a n d tough T h e to es mod erat ely

—
. .
,

a r ch e d a n,
d tu rn e d n eith er in n or out C o a t S hould b e straight .
,

fl at smooth hard d en s e a n d abu n dan t T h e b elly an d u n d er side

, , , ,
.

of t h e thighs should n ot b e bare A s re gards colou r whit e should .

,

p re domin at e b ri n dl e red or liver marki n gs are obj e ctio n abl e O th er

, , .

wis e this poi n t is of littl e or n o impo rtan c e S ymm etry S iz e a n d

C h a ra cter—
.
, ,

T h e dog must p res en t a g en eral gay liv ely a n d activ e , ,

app e aran ce ; bo n e an d stren gth in a small compass are e ss en ti als ;

but this must n ot b e tak en to m ean that a F ox t erri er S hould b e -

c loggy or in a n y wa y coar s e—sp ee d a n d e n du r a n c e must b e look e d

,

to as well as po wer an d t h e symm etry of t h e F oxhou n d tak en as a

,

mod el Th e t erri er lik e t h e hou n d must on n o accou n t b e l eggy n or

.
, , ,

must h e b e too sho rt in t h e leg H e should stan d lik e a cl ev erly mad e .

-

hu n t er cov eri n g a lot of grou n d y et with a sho rt back as b efo re stat e d

, , , .

H e will th en attai n t h e high est d egree of p rop elli n g po wer togeth er ,

with t h e gre at e st l en gth of strid e that is compatibl e with t h e l en gth of

his body W eight is n ot a c ertai n crit erio n of a t erri er s fitn ess f or ’

h is wo rk—g en eral shap e siz e an d co n tou r ar e t h e mai n poi n ts

.

, a n d if
a dog ca n gallop a n d stay a n d follo w his fox up a d rai n it matt ers
, ,

littl e what hi s weight is to a pou n d or so though roughly sp eakin g it , , ,

may b e said h e should n ot scal e over twen ty pou n ds in sho w co n dition

Nos e—W hit e ch erry or spott e d to a
.

D I S % UA L IF YI NG P O I NTS :
co n sid erabl e ext en t with eith er of th es e colou rs E ars—p rick tulip
%

, ,

M outh—much ov ershot or much u n d ershot

.
, ,

or ros e . .

In o rd er to gi v e som e id ea of t h e ext rao rdi n ary wa y in which

t he Fox t erri er took t h e public tas t e it will be n ec essary to
‘
-
,

hark back a n d gi v e a res ume of t he p ri n cipal k en n els a n d

e xh ibitors t o wh om this was d ue I n t h e y ea r i n which t h e .

F ox t erri er Club wa s fo rm ed Mr Fred Burbidg e at on e t im e

-
, .
,

captai n of t he Surrey E l ev en had t h e pri n cipal k en n els He ,

.

was t he plucki est buyer of his day a n d o n c e h e fan ci ed a dog ,

n othi n g stopp ed hi m till it was in his k en n els He bought .

Nim rod D o rcas Tweez ers and Nettl e a n d with th em a n d

, , , ,

oth er discrimi n ati n g purc h as es h e was v ery hard to b eat on

t h e S how b en ch Stran g e to say at this tim e h e s eem ed
-
.
,

u n abl e to b reed a good dog an d d et ermi n ed to hav e a cl ear out ,

a n d sta rt afres h A few b rood bitch es o n ly were retai n ed a n d

.
,

t h e k en n els mov ed from C h ampio n Hill to Hu n to n Bridg e in ,

H ertfo rdshi re From t h en c e in a few y ears cam e Bloom

. ,

Blossom Tweez ers I I Hu n to n Baro n Hu n to n B ri d egroom

, .
, , ,

a n d a host of ot h ers which S pread t h e fam e of t he great

,
20 8 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M

h er wan t of w h at is call ed t erri er c h aract er a n d oth ers would ,

hav e lik ed her a s h ad e small er but we hav e still to s ee t he

Fox t erri er tak en all roun d t h at could b eat her
-
, , .

A s a n outcross Mr R edmo n d purchas ed D readn ought on e

.
,

of t he high est class dogs s een for man y y ears but had very ,

bad luck with him an accid en t prev en ti n g hi m from b ei n g

,

shown a n d subs equ en tly causing his early d eath W e must .

n ot fo rg et D uch ess of D u rham or D uk edom but to en um erat e

all Mr R edmo n d s wi n n ers it would be n ec essary to tak e t he
.
’

catalogu es of all t he importan t shows h eld for t h e past thirty

y ears To n o on e do we owe so much ; n o on e has mad e
.

such a study of t h e b reed reduci n g it alm ost to a sci en c e with

, ,

t h e r esult that ev en outsid e his k en n els n o dog has a n y

chan c e of p erman en tly holdi n g his own u n l ess h e has a n
ampl e supply of t he blood .

Th e great O ppo n en t of t he T ott eridge K en n el up to som e

f ew y ea rs ago wa s u n qu estio n ably Mr Vica ry of Newton .
,

A bbot w h o l ai d t he foun datio n of his k en n el with Vesuvian

, ,

who was by Spli n t er out of Kohin or and from whom cam e t he

, ,

lo n g fin e of wi n n ers V en io V es uv ien n e Vic e R egal Valuato r

,
-
,
-
, ,

Visto a n d Veracity Fi erc e wa r rag ed roun d th es e k en n els

, .
,

each havi n g its admiri n g an d d evot ed adh eren ts u n til on e sid e ,

would n ot look at an ythin g but a R edmo n d Terri er to t he

exclusio n of t h e Vica ry typ e Th e Newto n A bbot strai n was .

r emarkabl e for b eautiful h eads an d gr eat quality but was ,

faulty in feet a n d n ot absolut e as to fro n ts each of which ,

prop erti es was a s in e qua n on amo n gst t h e Tott eridg e dogs .

L att er day b reed ers h av e rec ogni s ed that in t h e crossi n g of

-

t h e two p erfectio n h es a n d Mr R edmond hims elf has n ot, .

h esitat ed to go som e way on t h e sam e road .

It is fo rtun at e for t he b reed of F ox t erri ers how gr eat a -

hold t he hobby tak es and how en thusiastically its votari es

,

pu rsu e it oth erwis e we s h ould n ot hav e amo n gst us men lik e

,

Mr J C Ti n n e wh os e n am e is n ow a hous eh old wo rd in t h e
. . .
,

Fox t erri er wo rld as it has b een a n y tim e for th e past thi rty
-
,

y ears Clos e proximity in thos e days to Mr Gibso n at B rock

.
, , .
 FO X T E R R I E R S
1 . MR S J H
. . . B OW S
R N
’
CH . CA P I
TA N D O UB L E
 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

sh elt ers such gran d t erri ers as D o n cast er D omi n i e D odg er , , ,

D auphi n e a n d man y oth ers w ell kn own to fam e Mrs J H

, . . . .

B rown too as t he own er of Captai n D oubl e a t erri er which

, , ,

has won a n d d es erv edly mo re p riz es than a n y Fox t erri er

, ,
-

n ow or in t h e past must n ot be omitt ed

, .

Wh eth er t h e p res en t Fox t erri er is as good both on t h e sco re

-
,

of utility an d app earan c e as his p red ecesso rs is a qu estio n

,

which h a s man y tim es b een ask ed a n d as man y tim es d ecid ed ,

in t h e n egativ e as w ell as in t h e affi rmative It would be .

i dle to pret en d that a gr eat man y of t he dogs n ow s een on t h e

S how b en ch a re fi tt ed to do t h e wo rk N at ure i n t en d ed th em

f or as i rresp ectiv e of th ei r mak e a n d shap e th ey a re so ov er

,

siz ed as to p reclud e t h e possibili ty of goin g to grou n d in any

av erag e S iz ed eart h .

Thi s qu estio n of siz e is on e t h at must soo n er or lat er be

tackl ed in som e p ractical way by t h e Fox t erri er Club unl es s -
,

we are to s ee a rac e of gian ts in t h e n ext few g en eratio n s .

Th ei r own sta n da rd giv es 2 0 lb — a v ery lib eral maximum .

but th ere are dogs s ev eral poun ds h eavi er co n stan tly wi n ni n g

p ri z es at sho ws a n d co n s equ en tly b ei n g b red from with t h e
, ,

result which we s ee Th ere a re ma n y littl e dogs a n d good

.
,

o n es to be s een but as lo n g as t he j udg es favou r t h e big o n es

, ,

th es e hold n o chan ce an d as it is fa r easi er to p roduce a good

,

big on e than a good littl e on e b reed ers a re en courag ed to us e ,

si res who would n ot be looke d at if a hard and fas t lin e were - -

drawn ov er wh ich n o dogs s h ould win a priz e Th ere a re .

hun dreds of Fox t erri ers about quit e as capabl e of doi n g

-

th ei r wo rk as th ei r an cesto rs ev er were an d th ere is hardly a ,

larg e k en n el whi ch has n ot from tim e to tim e furn ish ed our

l eadin g packs with on e or mo re dogs an d wi t h gratifyin g ,

results . It is th erefo re a gr eat pity that our l eadi n g ex

, ,

hibit ors should oft en be t h e great est d eli n qu en ts in showi n g

dogs w h ich th ey kn ow in th ei r h earts sh oul d be k ept at hom e
or d raft e d altog et h er a n d it is d epl orabl e that som e of ou r
,

old est j udg es s h ould by th ei r awards en cour age th em .

B efo re co n cludi n g this chapt er it may n ot be out of plac e to

 T H E SM OO T H F O X -T E RR I E R 21 1

say a few wo rds as to t he b reedi n g a n d reari n g of Fox

t erri ers .

I n t he first plac e n ever b reed from an an imal whos e p edigr ee

,

is n ot aut h en ticat ed b eyo n d a shado w of a doubt and re

m emb er that whi l e lik e may b eg et lik e t h e i n evitabl e t en d ency
,

is to t h ro w back to form er g en eratio n s Th e man who el ects .

to b reed Fox t erri ers must have t he b umps of pati en c e an d

-

hop e v ery st ro n gly d ev elop ed as if t he tyro imagi n es that h e

,

has o n ly to mat e his bitch to on e of t h e k n o wn priz e wi n n i n g -

dogs of t h e day in o rd er to produc e a champio n h e had b ett er ,

try som e oth er b reed L et him fi x in hi s mi n d t he id eal dog

.
,

and s et to wo rk by pati en t e ffort a n d in t he fac e of man y

di sappoi n tm en ts to p roduc e it It is n ot suffi ci en t that
.
,

havi n g acquired a bitc h good in all poi n ts sav e in h ead that he ,

br eeds her to t h e b est h ead ed dog h e can fin d He must

-
.

satisfy h ims elf that t he h ead is n ot a chan c e on e but is a n ,

i n h erit ed on e h an d ed down from man y g en eratio n s good in

, ,

this particular an d co n s equ en tly pot en t to rep roduc e its

,

lik e So in all oth er poi n ts that h e wish es to rep roduc e I n

. .

t h e writ er s exp eri en c e littl e bitch es with quality are t he

’
,

most successful Thos e h avi n g masculi n e charact eristics

.

S hould be avoid ed a n d t h e b est results wi ll be obtai n ed from

,

t he first th ree litt ers aft er which a bitch ra rely b reeds a n ythi n g
,

so good S ee that your bitch is free from wo rms b efo re s he

.

go es to t he dog th en feed h er w ell a n d b eyo n d a dos e of castor

, ,

oil som e days b efo re s he is d u e to wh elp let Nature tak e its ,

cou rs e D os e you r puppi es w ell for worms at eight weeks old

.
,

give th em p ractically as much as th ey will ea t an d un limit ed ,

e x ercis e A void t he various adv ertis ed n ostrums a n d rely

.
,

rath er on t h e fri en dly advic e of som e fan ci er or your v et erin

ary su rg eo n .

T ak e you r hobby s eriously a n d you will be amply repaid

, ,

ev en if succ ess do es n ot always crown you r effo rts as whil e ,

t h e b reedi n g of most a n im als is a fasci n ati n g pu rsuit tha t of ,

th e Fox t erri er p res en ts ma n y va ryi n g d elights

-
.
 C HA P TE R XXXII I
T HE W I R E HA I R -
FO X-T E RR I ER

THE wire hai r Fox t erri er is with t he exceptio n of its coat

- -
, ,

id e tical with t he smooth Fox t i

n err er — full broth er in fact to
-

him . Th e two vari eti es a re much int erb red an d s ev eral ,

fi tt ers in co n s equ en c e i n clud e rep res en tativ es of both ; a n d

not o n ly this but it is quit e a frequ en t occurren ce to get a
,

smooth puppy from wi re h ai r paren ts although for som e

-
,

g en eratio n s n eith er of t he paren ts may hav e had an y smooth

cross in th ei r p edi grees .

The North of E n gl an d and South Wal es ( to a l ess er ext ent )

hav e ev er b een t h e hom e of t he wi re h ai r an d n early all t h e -
,

b est S p ecim en s have com e o rigi n ally from on e or t he oth er of

thos e di stricts Th ere is n o doubt t h at th ere was excell en t
.

stock in bo t h places an d th ere is also n o doubt that though

,

at tim es this was us ed to t he b est advan tag e th ere was a good ,

d eal of carel essn ess in mati n g a n d a c ert ai n amount in re

,

co rdi n g t he par en tag e of som e of t he t erri ers With regard .

to t his latt er poi n t it is said that on e gen tl eman who had quit e
a larg e k en n el a n d s ev eral stud dogs but who k ept n o books , ,

us ed n ev er to both er about rem emb eri n g whi ch particular

dog he had put to a c ert ai n bitch but g en erally satis fied hims elf
,

as to t he sire of a puppy w h en it cam e in from walk by

j ust exami n i n g it an d sayi n g Oh that pup must be by ,

owd J ock or Jim as t he cas e might be

, cos h e s so loik e ,
’ ’

”
im an d down h e would go on t h e en try form acco rdi n gly
’
.
,

How ev er this may be th ere is no doubt that t he si re would

,

be a wi re hai r Fox t erri er and although t he p edi gree t h ere

- -
, ,

fo re may n ot hav e b een qui t e right t h e t erri er was i n variably,

p ure b red .
21 4 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T -
T HE M

i n o rdi n at e l en gth h av e b een d elivered motio n s an d resolution s ,

hav e b een carri ed rul es h av e b een promulgat ed et c et c

, , .
,

and t h e on e dog m en tio n ed through out in co n n ectio n with all

of th em has b een our poo r old much malign ed wi re h ai r He ,
-
.

h a s b een t h e scap egoat t h e subj ect of all t h is b rillia n cy a n d

,

eloqu en c e a n d were h e capabl e of u n d ers ta n di n g t h e la n guag e

,

of t he human we may feel sure much amusem en t would be his

,
.

T h ere a re s ev eral b reeds that a re mo re t rimm ed tha n t h e

wi re hai r a n d t h at might w ell be quot ed b efo re him in this
-
,

co n n ection Th ere is a vast differen c e b etween l egitimat e

.

”
t rimmin g a n d what is call ed faki n g
,
A ll dogs with lo n g .

or wi re hai r or rough coats n atu rally requi re mo re att en tio n

-
,

a n d mo re gr oo mi n g t h a n thos e with sho rt smooth coats F or .

t h e pu rpos es of h ealth a n d cl ea n li n ess it is absolut ely n ecess

a ry that such a n imals should be frequ en tly well g room e d .

Th ere is n o n ec essity giv en a wi re hai r with a good a n d p rop er

,
-

,
—
coat to us e a n ythi n g but a n o rdi n ary clos e tooth ed comb a ,

good hard b rush a n d a n occasional removal of lo n g old h ai rs

,

on t h e h ead e ars n eck l egs a n d b elly with t h e fi n g er an d

, , , , ,

thumb Th e K en n el Club regulatio n s for t he preparatio n of

.

dogs f or exhibitio n a re p erfectly cl ear on this subj ect an d are ,

wo rd ed most p rop erly Th ey say that a dog sh all be di s .

qu alifi ed if a n y part of his coat or hai r has b een cut chpped , ,

si n g ed or rasp ed down by a n y substan c e or if a n y of t h e n ew

, ,

or fast coat has b een remov ed by pulli n g or plucki n g in a n y

”
man n er an d that n o comb shall be us ed which has a cutti n g
,

”
or raspi n g edg e
-
Th ere is n o law th er efo re agai n st t h e
.
, ,

removal of old coat by fin g er an d t h umb a n d a n yo n e who ,

k eeps lo n g hai red dogs kn ows that it is es s en tial to t he dog s

-
’

h ealth that th ere S hould be n o n e .

It is in fact most n ec essary in c ert ai n cas es at c ertai n tim es , ,

to pull old coat out in this way S ev eral t erri ers with good .

coats a re apt to gr ow lo n g hai r very th ickly roun d t he n eck

an d ea rs an d u n l ess this is remov e d wh en it ge ts old th e n eck
, ,

a n d ea rs a re liabl e to b e com e i n fest ed with obj ectio n abl e

littl e slat e colou red n its which will n ever be fou n d as lo n g

-
,
 THE W I RE -HA I R F O X-T E RR I ER 21 3

as coat is k ept down wh en n ec essa ry Bitch es in wh elp

t he .

a n d aft er wh elpi n g alt h oug h o rd i n arily good coat ed s eem

,
-
,

to go all wro n g in th eir coats u n l ess prop erly att en d ed to in this

way a n d h ere agai n if you wish to k eep your bitch free from
, ,

S ki n t roubl e it is a n ec essity in thos e cas es which n eed it to

, , ,

us e fin g er a n d thumb .

If t h e old hai r is p u ll ed out o nly wh en it is old there is n o ,

difli cult y about it a n d n o hu rt what ev er is occasio n ed to t h e

,

dog who do es n ot in reality obj ect at a ll If how ev er n ew

, .
, ,

or fast coat is pull ed out it n ot o n ly hu rts t h e dog but it is

also a v ery fooli sh thi n g to do a n d t he p erso n guilty of such ,

a thi n g fully m erits disquali ficatio n .

Most of t he n o n s en s e that is h eard about trimmi n g eman at es ,

of cou rs e from t h e ign o ramus t h e kn ife h e says is us ed on

, , ,

th em all a S harp razo r is run ov er t h ei r coats th ey are sin ged

, , ,

th ey a re out t h ey a re rasp ed (t h e latt er is t h e favourit e t erm )

, .

A n ythi n g lik e such a s weepi n g co n d em n atio n is quit e in

accurat e a n d most un fai r It is impossibl e to cut a h ai r .

without b ei n g d et ect ed by a good j udge a n d v ery few p eopl e ,

ev er do an y such th i n g at a n y r at e f or som e mo n ths b efo re

,

t h e t erri er is exhibit ed f or if t h ey do t h ey k n ow th ey a re
, ,

bou n d to be discov ered a n d as a fact a re , , , .

Wh en t h e soft coat ed dogs a re ch pped th ey are op erat ed on

-
,

say t wo or th ree mon t h s b efo re t h ey a re wa n t ed a n d t he

, ,

h ai r g ets a cha n c e to gro w bu t ev en th en it is easily disc ern ibl e

, ,

a n d a n yo n e w h o lik e t h e writ er h as a n y exp eri en c e of clippi n g

, ,

dogs in o rd er to cure th em of that awful dis eas e folli cula r ,

man ge kn o ws what a sight t h e a n imal is wh en h e grows his

,

coat a n d how t erribly u n n atural h e looks

,
.

Th e wi re hai r has n ev er b een in b ett er stat e than h e is

-

to day ; he is g en erally sp eaki ng fa r ah ead of his pred e

-
, ,

ces s ors of tw en ty fiv e y ears ago n ot o n ly from a show poi n t of

-
,
'

vi ew but also in wo rki n g quah t ies On e has o n ly to com

, .

pare t h e old port raits of sp ecim en s of t he vari ety with dogs of

t h e p res en t day to s ee this A good many i n di vi dual sp eci
.

m en s of exc ell en t m erit it is tru e th ere were but th ey do n ot

, , ,
21 6 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
s ee m to hav e b een immortalis ed in this way The port raits .

of th os e we do s ee a re mostly repres en tatio n s of awful looki n g -

brut es as bad in should ers a n d light of bo n e as th ey could be

, , ,

th ey app ear also to hav e had very soft coats som ewhat akin ,

to that we s ee on a Pom eran ian n o wadays though it is t ru e ,

this latt er fault may hav e b een that of t he a rtist or p robably ,

amplified by him .

P erh aps t h e st ro n g est k en n el of wi re hai rs that has exist e d -

was that own ed a good man y y ears ago by M ess rs Maxwell .

a n d Cass ell S ev eral champions w ere in t he k en n el at t he

.

sam e tim e a n d th ey wer e a so rty lot of n ic e siz e and won

, ,

p riz es all ov er t h e cou n t ry J ack Frost J acks Agai n Li ffey .

, , ,

Ba rto n W o n der Barto n Marv el a n d s ev eral oth er good o n es

, , ,

were in mat es of this k en n el t h e two latt er esp ecially b ei n g ,

high class t erri ers which at on e tim e w ere own ed by S ir H

-
, .

d e Tra ffo rd Barto n Marv el was a v ery b eautiful bitch

.
,

a n d p robably t h e b est of thos e n am ed abov e though Barton ,

W o n d er was frequ en tly put abov e h er S ir H d e Tra ffo rd . .

had for y ears a v ery good k en n el of t h e va ri ety and at that ,

tim e was probably t he bigg est a n d b est buyer .

Mr Ca rrick of Ca rlisl e was also a promi n en t own er years

.
, ,

ago a n d showed som e exc ell ent t erri ers t he b est b ei n g Ca rhs le
, ,

Tack Trick a n d Tyro

,
The latt er was an exc eptio n ally
, .

good dog .

Mr Sam Hill of Sh effi eld had also a stro n g k en n el always

.
, , ,

w ell shown by G eo rg e Po rt er who is n ow an d has b een for , ,

som e years in Am erica wh ere he still follows his old love

, ,

Mr Hill s n am e will ev er be associat ed with that of hi s gr eat

.
’

dog Meers brook B ristl es who has u n doubt edly do n e t he b reed

,

a great amou n t of good Mr Mayh ew is an oth er old fan ci er . .

,

wh o n early always show ed a good on e Mr Mayh ew has b een . .

in Am erica n ow for ma n y y ears On e dog of his who it is .

,

b eli ev ed b ecam e a champion viz B rittl e di d at on e tim e a , .

,

big busin ess at stud p erhaps n ot to t he advantag e of t h e

,

b reed for he was poss ess ed of a v ery bad fault in that he had
, ,

what was call ed a topkn ot ring a bunch of soft S ilky hairs ,

21 8 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

by him what ever th ei r i n dividual faults were i n variably

, ,

a spo rti n g gam e looki n g lot Mr Sidn ey Castle has for m any
,
-
. .

years S hown wi re hair Fox t erri ers of mo re than average m eri t

- -

a n d th o roughly un d ersta n ds t h e va ri e ty i n d ee d p erhaps as , ,

well as an ybody M essrs Bartl e B rumby Mutt er G W elc h

. .
, , .
,

a n d S W ilso n a re all old fa n ci ers wh o h av e gre at e xp eri en c e

.
, ,

hav e b re d a n d S hown excell en t sp ecim en s .

In m en tio n i n g t he n am es of c el eb rat ed men a n d t erri ers

of years go n e by referen c e must be mad e to a t erri er S ho wn
,

som e tim e ago which was as good tak en all roun d as an y

, , ,

t h at hav e so fa r app eared This wa s Ch Quan tock Nettl e . .

,

aft erwards pu rchas ed by a g en tl eman in W al es a n d ren am ed

L exd en Nettl e O f co rrect siz e with marvellous charact er
.
, ,

a n exc ell en t j ack e t a n d v ery taki n gly ma rk ed with badg er

t a n a n d black on a wo n d erfu l h ead a n d ea rs this bitch swept ,

t h e boa rd as th ey say a n d u n qu estio n ably rightly so

, , .

r r —
No articl e on t h e wi e hai Fox t erri er would be compl et e
-

without m en tio ni n g t h e n am e o f t he lat e Mr S E Shi rl ey . . .

,

Presid en t of t h e K en n el Club Mr S h i rl ey wa s a succ essful . .

e xhi bito r in t h e e arly days of t h e vari ety a n d whil e his ,

t erri ers w ere a good looki n g lot though n ot up to t h e S ho w

-
,

fo rm of to day t h ey were i n variably hard bitt en gam e dogs

-
,
-
, ,

k ept chi efly for wo rk .

On t h e qu estio n of siz e n ea rly a ll t h e p ri n cipal judges of

t h e Fox t erri er a re a gre ed
-
Th ei r maxim is a good littl e
.

”
on e can always b eat a good big on e Th e di fficulty aris es .

wh en t h e littl e o n es are n o good a n d t h e big o n es a re excel ,

l en t it is a som ewhat commo n occurren ce a n d to an yo n e ,

w h o loves a t ruly fo rm ed dog a n d wh o k n o ws w h at a t ruly ,

fo rm ed dog can do it is a n extrem ely di ffi cult thin g to put

,

t h e littl e abov e the la rg er A ll big dogs with prop erly plac ed

.

S h ould ers a n d sou n d fo rmatio n a re b ett er t e rri ers for wo rk of

an y so rt than dogs half th ei r S iz e sho rt on t h e leg but bad , ,

in th es e poi n ts It is in reality impossibl e to mak e an in exor

.

abl e rule about this qu estio n of siz e ; each class must be .

j udged on its own m erits .

 C HA P TE R XXXI V
T HE A I RED A LE T E RR I E R

T HE R E is p erhaps n o b reed of dog t h at in so sho rt a tim e has

b een imp rov ed so much as t he Ai redal e He is n ow a very .

b eautiful an imal wh ereas but a f ew years back although

, ,

mayb e th ere w ere a few fai rly n ic e sp ecim en s by far t h e great er ,

n umb er w ere c ert ai n ly t h e rev ers e of this .

I n plac e of t h e s h aggy soft coat ed ugly colou red b rut e

,
-
,
-

with larg e hou n d ears a n d big full eyes we hav e n ow a v ery ,

han dsom e creatu re poss essi n g all t h e poi n ts that go to mak e

,

a r eally firs t class t erri er of taki n g colour symm et rical build

-
, ,

full of charact er a n d m ,
n —
go a ply j ustifyi g in looks at ,

a n y rat e—its exist en c e as a t erri er .

Wh eth er it is commo n s en s e to call a dog weighin g 40 lb .

to 5 0 lb a t erri er is a qu estio n t h at on e oft en h ears discuss ed

. .

—
Th e fact remai n s t h e dog i s a t erri er a so rt of glori fi ed e ditio n
of what we u n d erstan d by t h e wo rd it is t ru e but in poin ts
, , ,

looks a n d c h aract er a t erri er n ev erth el ess an d it is impossibl e

, , ,

oth erwis e to classify hi m .

P eopl e will ask How can h e be a t erri er P Why h e is

an out rag e on t h e v ery wo rd whi ch ca n o n ly m ean a dog to
,

go to groun d an d to what an imal in t he coun t ry of his bi rth

”
can an Ai redal e go to groun d % Abov e groun d and in wat er ,

h owev er an Ai redal e can and do es p erfo rm in a v ery exc ellen t

, , ,

mann er ev erythi n g that any oth er t erri er can do A s a wat er .

dog he is of cours e in hi s el em en t for wo rk on lan d requi ri n g

, ,

a hard st ro n g fast and resolut e t erri er he is n eedless to say

, , , ,

of great valu e a n d he is s ai d to be also wh en t rai n ed as can ,

-

easily be im agin ed wh en on e co n sid ers his pow er of sc en t his ,

2 20 DOG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
st ren gth sagacity ,
—
sp d a most excell en t gun dog He
,
an d ee -
.

is in fact a g en eral uti lity dog for a d d to t he abov e men tion ed

, , ,
-

u a h t ies thos e of p robably a n i n compa rabl e guard a n d a

q
most exc ell en t compan io n faithful a n d tru e an d ask you rself , ,

what do you wan t mo re a n d what b reed of dog tak en all , ,

rou n d can b eat him

,

Th e Ai re dal e is n ot of anci en t origi n He was p robably first .

h eard of about t he yea r 1 85 0 He is u n doubt edly t he product .

of t he O tt erh oun d an d t he old Black a n d Tan wi re h ai red -

t erri er referr ed to in t he chapt ers on t he wi re hai r Fox and t h e -

W elsh Terri ers Wh en on e co n sid ers t he magn ific ent n oble

.

n ess t h e great sagacity cou rag e a n d s t a t ehn ess of t he O tt er

, , ,

houn d t he great gam en ess ch eek a n d p erti n acity of t he old

, , ,

Black an d Ta n wi re hai r such a cross mus t surely p roduc e an -

,

a n imal of exc ellen t typ e an d charact er .

Yo rkshi re mo re esp eci ally that part of it roun d a n d about

,

t h e town of O tl ey is r espo n sibl e for t h e bi rth of t he Air edal e

, .

Th e i n habita n ts of t h e cou n t ry of b road ac res a re a n d always

hav e b een exc eedi n gly fo n d of an y kin d of spo rt—as
,

, ,

i n d eed may also be said of th ei r b roth ers of t he R ed R os e

,

but if in co n n ectio n with that spo rt a dog has to be i n troduc ed ,

th en i n d eed are th ey doubly bl ess ed for th ey hav e no compeers ,

at t h e gam e .

O tt er hu n ti n g was form erly much indulged in by t he p eopl e

-

livi n g in t h e dal es of t he Ai re an d t he Wharfe a n d n ot o n ly were ,

packs of O tt erhou n ds k ept but man y sportsm en m ai n tai n ed ,

o n th ei r own accou n t a f ew hou n ds for th ei r p erso n al d elect a

tion Th es e houn ds were n o doubt in som e i n stan ces a n on

.

d escript lot as ind eed a re s everal of t h e p acks hunti n g t he

, , .

o t t er t o day but th ere was u n qu estio n ably a good d eal of

‘
-
,

O tt erhou n d blood in th em a n d som e pu re b red hounds w ere ,

also to be foun d Yo rkshi re also has always b een t he gr eat

.

hom e of t he t erri er Fox t erri ers as we n ow kn ow th em had

.
-
, ,

at this tim e h ar dly b een s een The t erri er in exist en c e th en .

was t he Black a n d Ta n wi re hai r a hardy gam e t erri er a gr eat -

, ,

workman on lan d or in wat er .

2 22 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T TH E M

s oun d all ov er his adven t was opportu n e—he was j ust t he

dog that was wan t ed an d th ere is no doubt he did t he b reed
,

a gr eat am ou n t of good .

A dog c all ed Coln e C rack who was a b eautiful little t erri ers ,

was anoth er of t h e early shown o n es by whom t he b reed has

los tin ot hin g a n d t wo oth er t erri ers whos e n am es are much
,

rev ere d by lov er s of t h e br ee d are Chohn on d ele Briar and

y
Briar Test .
9

Som e y ears ago wh en t h e b reed was in t he stag e r eferred to

,

abov e a club wa s form ed to look aft er its i n t erests an d th ere

, ,

is n o d oubt that though p erhaps ph enom en al succ ess did not

’

att en d its effo rts it did its b est a n d fo rms a valuabl e li n k in t he

, ,

chai n of popularity of t he A i redal e It was at b est apparently .

a sl eepy so rt of co n c ern a n d n ev er s eems to h av e att ract ed

,

n ew fa n ci ers Som e doz en or so years ago h o wev er a club d es

.
, , ,

ti n ed n ot o n ly to mak e a great n am e for its elf but also to do ,

a thousan dfold mo re good to t h e b reed it espous es than ever

t h e old club did was fo rm ed u n d er t h e n am e of t he South of
,

E n glan d A i redal e T erri er Club a n d a marvellously succ essful ,

a n d popula r h f e it has so f ar liv ed Th e you n ger club was in .

n o way an a n tago n ist of t h e old er on e a n d it has ev er b een ,

careful that it should n ot be look ed upo n in a n y way as such .

Th e old club has ho wev er b een quit e ov ershado wed by t he

, ,

youn g er whic h wh eth er it wish es it or not is n ow look ed upo n

, , ,

as t h e l eadi n g soci ety in con n ectio n with t he b reed

A t a m eeti n g of t h e first club—whi ch wen t by t he n am e of
.

t h e Ai redal e Terri er Club—h el d in Ma n ch est er s om e eight een

or tw en ty y ea rs ago t h e followi n g sta n dard of p erfecti o n
,

and scal e of poi n ts wa s d rawn up a n d adopt ed

H ea d—L o g with fl at skull but n ot too b road b etween t h e ears
n , , ,

n arro wi n g slightly to t h e ey es free from wrin kl e st 0 p hardly visibl e

, ,

a n d ch eck s free from full n ess ; j a w d eep an d po werful well fill e d up

b efo re t h e ey es lips light ea rs V —
,

shap ed with a sid e carriag e small ,

but n ot out of p ropo rtio n to t h e siz e of t h e dog t h e n os e black t h e

e y es sm all a n d dar k in colou r n ot p romi n e n t a n d full of t erri er ex
, ,

p ressio n t h e t eeth stro n g a n d l evel T h e n e ck should b e of mod erat e .

l en gth a n d thickn ess gradually wid en i n g to wards t h e should ers an d

free from throati n ess S h oul d ers an d Ch os e—
,

. S hould ers lo n g an d S lo p in g
 TH E A I REDALE T E RR I E R 2 23

well i n to t h e back should er blad es fl at ch est d eep but n ot b road

-

B od y—B ack sho rt stro n g an d straight ; ribs we ll sp ru n g

.
, , ,

H in d
—
.
,

q u a rt er s S tro n g an d muscular with n o d rop ho oks well let do wn

,

t h e ta il s e t on high a n d c a rri e d gaily but n ot cu rl e d ov er t h e back

Leg s a n d F eet —L e gs p erf e ctly st aight with pl en ty of bo n e ; f ee t
.
,

small a n d rou n d with good d epth of pad Co at—H ard a n d wi ry an d

,

.
,

n ot so lo n g as to app e a r r agg e d it should also b e straight a n d clos e

coveri n g t h e dog well ov er t h e body a n d l egs Colour—Th e h ead a n d
,

e a rs
, with t h e e xc eptio n of da rk marki gs on e ach sid of t h e skull n e ,

should b e t an t h e e ars b ei n g a dark er shad e tha n t h e rest t h e l e gs up

, ,

to t h e thigh an d elbo ws b ei n g also t a n t h e body black or d ark grizzle '

W ei ght—D ogs 4 0 lb to 4 5 lh bitch e s slightly l ess

.
,

. .
.
,

At t he tim e of th e fo rmatio n of th e South ern club t he

stat e of t h e Ai redal e wa s critical poss ess ed of p erhaps
u n equall ed n atu ral advan tag es lov ely dog as h e is he h ad n ot , ,

mad e t h at p ro gress that h e S hould hav e do n e He had n ot .

b een boom ed in a n y way a n d had b een crawli n g wh en h e,

should h av e gallop ed From t h e mom en t th e n ew club was

.

fo rm ed ho wev er t h e Ai redal e h a d a n ew l eas e of hie Mr

, ,
. .

Holland Buckl ey an d oth er k een en th usiasts s eem t o hav e

recogn i s e d to a ni c ety exactly what was requi re d to giv e

a n ec essary filli p to t h e b reed ; th ey app ear also to hav e

foun d ed th ei r club at t he right mom en t a n d to h av e o ffered ,

such a n attractiv e bill of fare that n ot o n ly did ev eryo n e in ,

t h e south who h ad a n yt h i n g to do with Ai redal es j oi n at o n c e ,

but v ery S ho rtly a host of n ew fan ci ers wa s en roll ed an d ,

cro wds of p eopl e b egan to tak e t h e b reed up w h o had had

nothi n g to do with it or i n d eed a n y ot h er sort of dog
, , ,

p reviously .

Som e few years aft er t h e fou n datio n of t h is club a j un io r ,

b ran ch of it was start ed and t hi s ably look ed aft er by Mr R

, , . .

L aud er McLaren is alm ost as big a succ ess in its way as is

,

th e paren t i n s t itutio n O th er clubs hav e b een start ed in t he

.

n o rth a n d els ewh ere a n d altog eth er t h e Ai re dal e is v ery

,

w ell cat ered for in this resp ect a n d if thi n gs go on as t h ey a re

, ,

now goi n g is boun d to p rosp er a n d b ecom e ev en mo re ext en

,

s iv ely own e d t h an h e is at p res en t T o Mr H olla n d Buckl ey . .

,

Mr G H E ld er Mr R oysto n Mills a n d Mr Marshall L ee

. . .
, .
, .
,

t he Ai redal e of t h e p res en t day ow es much .

2 24 D O GS A N D '
ALL A B OU T T HE M
Th e Ai redal es that hav e struck writ er as t he b est he t he
has com e across a re Mast er B riar Clo n m el Mo n arch Clonmel , ,

Marv el D umbarto n L ass To n e Mast erpi ec e Mist ress R oyal

, , , ,

Mast er R oyal To n e C hi ef Huckl eb erry L ass Fi eld en Fashion

, , , ,

York Sc ept re a n d Clo n m el Floriform Nearly ev ery on e of .

th es e is n ow eith er in t h e fl esh or spi rit in t he Un it ed Stat es

, ,

or Ca n ada .

I n all p robability t h e p erso n who k n ows mo re about this

,

t erri er than an yo n e livi n g is Mr Holland Buckl ey He has . .

writt en a most en t ertai n in g book on t h e Ai red ale ; he has

foun d ed t he pri n cipal club in co n n ectio n with t he breed h e
has p roduc ed s everal v ery exc ell en t sp ecim en s an d it go es ,

without sayi n g that he is—wh en he can be i n duc ed to tak e

t h e ri n g —a fir s t rat e j udg e Mr Buckl ey has frequ ently
-
. .

told t he writ er that in hi s opi n io n on e of th e b est t erri ers he

has s een was t h e afores aid Clonm el Florifo rm but as this , ,

dog was sold for a big pric e v ery early in his career t he writ er ,

n ev er saw him .

Most of t he articl es that hav e b een writt en on t he A i redale

hav e com e from t h e pen of Mr Buckl ey a n d th erefore but .
,

mod est referen c e is mad e to t he man who has wo rk ed so

whol e h ea rt edly so w ell a n d so succ essfully in t he i n t erests
-
, ,

of th e b reed he lov es It would be u n gen erous an d un fai r .

in a n y a rticl e on t he Ai re dal e writt en by anyon e but Mr , .

Buckl ey if con spicuous referen ce w ere n ot mad e to t he great

,

pow er this g en tl eman has b een an d to t he gr eat good that h e ,

has do n e .

The Ai redal e is such a b eautiful S p ecim en of t h e cani n e

rac e a n d is in reality in such h ealthy stat e that ev ery on e of
, , , ,

hi s admi rers —a n d th ey a re l egio n —is n aturally j ealous for

his w elfare a n d is wishful that all shall go well with him
, .

It is gratifyi n g to stat e t h at h e h a s n ev er b een th e tool of

factio n though at on e tim e h e was doubtl ess n ear t h e bri n k
,

but this was som e tim e ago an d it would be a gri evous pity ,

if h e ev er agai n b ecame in j eopardy of feeli n g t he ban eful

i n fl u en c e of a n y such curs e .
 C HA P TE R XXXV
T H E BE D LI N GT O N T E R R I E R

THI S g am est of all t he t erri ers has b een kn own as a di sti n ct

a n d t h o roughly B ritish b reed for ov er a c en tury whi ch is , ,

I think a fai rly a n ci en t li n eag e Th ere are vari ous th eo ri es

, .

as to its o riginal paren tag e but t h e on e which holds that h e

,

was t h e result of a c ross b etw een t h e O tt erhou n d a n d t h e

D andi e D i n mo n t sugg ests its elf to me as t he most p robabl e
on e . His charact eristics st ro n gly res embl e in ma n y poi n ts
both th es e b reeds a n d th ere ca n be but littl e doubt of his
,

n e a r relatio n ship at som e tim e or ot h er to t h e D a n di e .

The ea rli est auth en t ic reco rd we h av e Of t h e B edli n gto n

was a dog n am ed O ld Fli n t w h o b elo n g ed t o Squi re Trev elya n
, ,

a n d was wh elp e d in 1 7 8 2 Th e p edigr ee of Mr Willi am

. .

Clark s Scamp a dog w ell k n own about 1 7 9 2 is t rac ed back

’
, ,

to O ld Fli n t a n d t h e d esc en dan ts of Scamp w ere t rac ed in

,

di rect hn e from 1 7 9 2 to 1 8 7 3 .

A maso n n am e d J os eph A yn sl ey h a s t he credi t for gi vi n g

t h e n am e of B edli n gto n to t h is t erri er in 1 8 2 5 It was .

p reviously kn o wn as t h e R ot h bu ry Terri er or t h e No rth ern ,

Co un ti es Fox t erri er Mr T h omas J Pick ett of N ewcas t le

-
. . .
,

o u T y n e was p er h aps t h e ea rli est suppo rt er of t h e b reed on a

-
,

larg e scal e an d his Ty n ed a le a n d Tyn esid e in esp ecial hav e

,

l eft th ei r n am es in t h e h isto ry of t h e B edli n gton .

Th e p res en t day B edhn gt on li k e a good ma n y o t h er ,

t erri ers h a s b ecom e tall er a n d h eavi er t h an t h e old day

,

sp ecim en s This n o doubt is d ue to b reedi n g for S how poi n ts

. .

H e is a lathy dog but n ot S h elly i n clin ed to be fl a t s id ed

, , ,

som ewh at light in bo n e for his siz e v ery lively in charact er , ,

2 26
 T H E B E D L I N G T O N T ERR I E R 2 27

an d has pl en ty of courag e If an ythi n g i n d eed his pluck is .

, ,

too i n sist en t
Th e stan dard of poi n ts as adopt ed by t h e Natio n al B ed li n g~
.

ton Terri er a n d Th e Yo rkshi re B edli n gto n T erri er Clubs is as

follows
S k ulL —N a o w but d prr ou n d ed ; high at t h e o cciput a n d
ee an d r
cov ere d with a n ic e silky tuft or topk n ot Muzzl e—L o n g tap erin g
, ,

.
, ,

sharp a n d muscular as littl e stop as possibl e b etween t h e eyes so as

, ,

to fo rm n ea ly a li n e from t h e n os e en d alo n g t h e j oin t of skull to t h e

r -

o cciput Th e lips clos e fitti n g a n d without fl ew E yes—S hould b e

. .

small an d well sun k in t h e h ead Th e blu es should have a dar k ey e .

,

t h e blu es a n d ta n s ditto with amb er shad es ; liv ers an d san di es a

light b ro wn ey e Nos e—L a rg e well a n gled blu es an d blu es an d tan s
, ,

.
,

should hav e black n os es liv ers a n d sa n di es fl esh colou red T eeth -

L ev el or pi n ch er j awed E ars —Mod erat ely lar g e well fo rm ed fl at

, .

- .
, ,

to t h e ch eek thin ly cov ere d a n d tipp ed with fi n e silky hair T h ey

should b e fi lb ert shap ed L eg s— Oi mod erat e l en gth n ot wid e apart
.
,

.
, ,

straight a n d square s et a n d with good siz ed feet which are rath er lo n g -

T ail—T hick at t h e r oot tap eri n g to a poi n t slightly f eath ere d on

.
, ,

, ,

lo wer sid e 9 i n ch es to 1 1 i n ch es lo n g an d scimitar shap ed Neck a n d

S h ould er s—N e ck lo n g d eep at bas e risi n g well fr om th e should ers
.
,

—
, , ,

w hich should be fl at B o d y L o n g an d well p ropo rtio n ed fl at ribb ed

.
-
, ,

an d d eep n ot wid e in ch e st slightly a r ch e d back well ribb e d up with

light quart ers Coa t —H ard with clos e bottom a n d n ot lyi n g fl at to
, , , ,

sid es Colour—D ark blu e blu e a n d t an liv er liv er a n d t an san dy

.
, ,

H ei gh t —A bout 1 5 i n ch es to 1 6 i n ch e s
.
, , , , ,

or sa n dy an d t a n . W ei ght .

D ogs ab out 24 pou n ds bitch es about 22 pou n ds Gen era l A ppearan c e

—H e is a light mad e lathy dog but n ot S h elly
.

-
.
, ,

Th ere is a t en d en cy n owadays towards exc ess of siz e in

t h e B edli n gto n It is i n cli n ed to be too lo n g in t h e body an d
.

too l eggy whic h if n ot ch eck ed will spoil t he typ e of t h e

, , ,

breed It is th erefo re v ery imp orta n t that siz e s h ould be

.
, ,

mo re studi ed by j udg es than is at pres en t t h e cas e Th e faults .

re f erred to a re doubtl ess t he result of b reedi n g for exc eptio n

ally lo n g h eads which s eem to be t h e craz e j ust n ow and of

, , ,

cou rs e on e can n ot get extra lo n g h eads without p roportio n

,

at ely lo n g bodi es an d larg e siz e If it were possibl e to do so .

,

t h en t h e dog would b ecom e a m ere caricatu re .

A s a sporti n g t erri er t he B ed hn gt on h olds a positio n in t h e

first ran k He is v ery fast a n d en du ri n g a n d exc eedi n gly
.
,

p erti n acious a n d is equally at hom e on lan d an d in wat er

, .

H e will wo rk an ott er d raw a badg er or bolt a fox a n d h e h as , , ,

 2 28 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M

no sup erior at killi n g rats and all ki n ds of vermin He has .

a n exc eptio n ally fin e nos e and mak es a v ery u seful dog for
,

rough shooting b ei n g eas ily taught to retri eve If he has

, .

any fault at a ll it is that he is of too j ealous a disposition

, ,

which ren d ers it a hn ost impossibl e to wo rk him with oth er

dogs as he wa n ts all t he fun to hims elf and if he can not get it
, ,

h e will fight for it But by hims elf he is p erfect A s a com

. .

panion h e is p eculiarly affectio n at e an d faithful and remark ,

ably i n t ellig en t h e mak es a capital hous e dog is a good guard -

,

and is v ery safe with children .

B edli n gto n s a re not dainty feed ers as most writ ers have
,

ass ert ed n or a re th ey t end er dogs If th ey are k ept in good

, .

condition and get pl en ty of ex ercis e th ey feed as well as any

oth ers a n d a re as hard as nails if not pamp ered Th ey are
, .

easy to b reed a n d r ea r and t he bitch es mak e exc ell en t moth ers

, .

If trai n ed wh en youn g th ey a re v ery ob edi ent and th eir ,

t end en cy to fight can in a great m easu re be cured wh en th ey

a re puppi es ; but if n ot ch eck ed th en it can not be don e
, ,

a ft erwards O n c e th ey tak e to fighti n g n othi n g will k eep th em

.

from it a n d inst ead of b ei n g pl easurabl e compani ons th ey

,

b ecom e positive nuisanc es On t he oth er han d if prop erly

.
,

brok en th ey giv e v ery littl e t rouble and will not quarrel

,

unl ess s et upon .

23 0 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
Statistics would p robably S how that in n umb ers t he Fox
t erri er j usti fies t h e reputation of b ein g a mo re popular b reed ,

and t he Scottish Terri er is n o doubt a formidabl e comp etitor

for publi c est eem It is saf e howev er to say that t he I rish
.
, ,

T erri er S hares with th es e t he di sti n ction of b ei n g on e of t he

th ree most popular t erri ers in t h e B ritish Isl es .

This fact tak en i n to co n sid eratio n it is i n t eresti n g to refl ect ,

that thi rty y ears ago t he D are D evil was vi rtually u n kn own -

in E n gl an d Idsto n e in his book on dogs publish ed in 1 872

.
, ,

did n ot giv e a wo rd of m en tio n to t he b reed a n d dog S h ows ,

had b een i n stitut ed S ixt een y ears b efo re a class was op en ed for
t h e I rish Terri er Th e dog exist ed of cou rs e in its nativ e
.
, ,

lan d It may i n d eed be a hn os t t ruthfully said to have exist e d

.

as lo n g as that cou n t ry has b een an islan d .

About t he y ea r 1 8 75 exp erts w ere in disput e ov er t he I rish ,

Terri er a n d man y av erred that h is rough coat an d l en gt h of

,

hai r on fo reh ead a n d muzzl e were in dubitabl e p roof of Scotch

blood His v ery expressio n t h ey said wa s Scotch But
.
, , .

t h e a rgum en t was qu ell ed by mo re kn owi n g disputa n ts on t h e

oth er sid e who cl ai m ed that I relan d h ad n ev er b een without
,

h er t erri er a n d that s h e ow ed n o ma n n er of i n d ebt ed n ess to

,

Scotlan d for a dog whos e every hai r was ess en tially I rish .

I n t he sam e y ear at a S ho w h eld in B elfast a goodly n umb er

of t he b reed w ere b rought tog eth er n otable amo n g th em ,

b ei n g Mr D O Con n ell s Slash er a v ery good lookin g wi re

. .
’ ’

,
-

coat ed wo rki n g t erri er w h o is said to hav e exc ell ed as a fi eld ,

an d wat er dog Slas h er was li n t wh it e in colou r a n d reput ed

.
,

to be d esc en d ed from a p ure whit e strai n Two oth er t erri ers .

of t he tim e w ere Mr Mo rto n s Fly ( t h e first I ri sh Terri er t o.

’

gai n a ch ampio n s h ip ) and Mr G eo rg e J amiso n s Spo rt .

’
.

Th e p romi n ent I ris h T erri ers of t h e S e ven t i es vari ed con

’

s id era bly in typ e Sti n g er wh o won t h e first p riz e at Lisbu rn

.
,

in 1 8 75 was lo n g back ed a n d s h ort l egg ed with a

,
-
d ark -
,

blu e grizzl e colou red back t a n l egs a n d w h it e tu rn ed out , ,

-

”
feet Th e dam of Mr Bu rk e s Killen ey Boy wa s a rough
’
. .

black an d t an a combin ation of colours whic h was b eli eved t o

,
 T H E I R IS H T E RR I ER 23 1

accompan y t he b est class of coats Bri n dl es were n ot un .

common Som e were tall on th e leg som e short ; som e were

.
,

lan ky an d oth ers cobby man y were v ery small Th ere .

w ere class es given at a D ubli n S how in 1 874 for Irish Terri ers
u n d er 9 lb weight .

J amison s Sport is an impo rtan t dog historically for various

’

r easo n s H e was u n doubt edly mo re aki n to our pres en t typ e

.

th an a n y oth er Irish Terri er of his tim e of which th ere is

reco rd . His dark ea rs w er e u n cropp ed at a p eri od wh en cropp
in g was g en eral ; his weight approximat ed to ou r mod ern
av erag e He wa s an all colou red red a n d his l egs were o f a
.
,

l en gt h that would n ot n ow be s eriously obj ect ed to But in .

his day h e was n ot acc ept ed as typical an d h e was n ot ,

part icularly succ essful in t h e sho w ri n g Th e disti n guis h ed .

t erri er of his era was Bu rk e s Killen ey Boy to whom ’

, ,

an d to Mr W G raham s bitch E ri n with w h om he was

. .
’

mat ed n early all t h e p edigr ees of t he b est Irish Terri ers

,

of to day dat e back E ri n was said to be sup erio r in all

-
.

resp ects to a n y of h er b reed p revious to 1 8 8 0 I n h er first .

litt er by Killen ey Boy were Play Boy P retty L ass Poppy , , ,

G erald Pagan I I an d P eggy ev ery on e of whom b ecam e

,
.
, ,

famous Mo re than on e of th es e show ed t h e black markin gs of

.

th ei r gran dd am a n d th ei r p rog en y for sev eral g en eratio n s

,

were apt to th ro w back to t h e black a n d t a n grey or b ri n dl e - -

, ,

colouri n g Play Boy a n d Poppy were t h e b est of E ri n s first

.
’

litt er Th e dog s b eautiful ears which w ere l eft as Nature

.
’
,

mad e th em were t ran smitt ed to his son Bogi e R attl er who

, ,

was S i re of Bach elo r an d B en edict t he latt er th e most succ essful ,

stud dog of h is tim e Poppy had a ri ch red coat a n d this

.
,

colour recu rred wi t h fai r regulari ty in h er d esc en dan ts R ed .

,

which had n ot at first b een greatly app reciat ed c a m e gradu ,

ally to be t h e accept ed colou r of an Irish Terri er s j ack et ’

.

O ccasio n ally it t en d ed to wards fl a x en occasio n ally to a d eep

rich aubu rn but t h e black a n d b ri n dl e w ere so ri gi dly b re d
out th at by t he y ear 1 8 9 0 or th ereabout th ey v ery s eldom , ,

recurr ed Nowadays it is n ot oft en that any oth er colour

.
2 32 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
than red is s een in a litt er of I rish Terri ers although a whi t e ,

patch on t he breast is frequ ent as it is in all s elf colou red ,

-

b reeds
I n ad di tio n to t he ea rly c el eb riti es already n am ed E xt rem e ,

Carel ess n ess Micha el B rickbat Poppy II Moya D oolan

, , , ,

Straight Tip a n d G a eli c hav e tak en th ei r plac es in t he records

,

of t he b reed whil e y et mo re rec en t Irish Terri ers who have

,

achi eved fam e hav e b een Mrs Butch er s Bawn Boy and Bawn .
’

B eauty Mr Wallac e s Treasurer Mr S Wilso n s Bolton

, .
’

, . .
’

Woods Mixer Dr Smyth s Sarah Kidd an d Mr C J Barn ett s

, .
’

, . . .
’

B reda Muddler .

Natu rally in t he cas e of a b reed which has d epart ed from its

origi n al typ e discussio n s were frequ en t b efo re a sta n dard of
,

p erfectio n for t he I rish Terri er was fixed His siz e a n d weight .

,

t he l en gth or sho rt n ess of his limbs t he ca rriag e of his tail t he , ,

form of his skull and muzzl e t he colou r an d t exture of his ,

coat were t h e subj ects of co n t rov ersy It was co n sid ered at .

on e j unctu re that h e was b ei n g b red too big and at a n oth er ,

that he was b ei n g b roug h t too much to res embl e a red wire

hair Fox t erri er Wh en o n ce t he black marki n g on his body
-
.

had b een elimi n at ed n o on e s eems to hav e d esi red that it

should be resto red R ed was ack n owledged to be t he on e .

a n d onl y colou r for an Irish Terri er But som e h eld that .

t he corr ect red should be d eep aubu rn a n d oth ers that ,

W h eat en colour wa s t he to n e to be aim ed at

‘
A m ediu m .

shad e bet ween t he two ext rem es is n ow g en erally preferred .

AS to siz e it should be about midway b etw een that of t he

,

Ai redal e an d t he Fox t erri er repres ent ed by a weight of fro m

-
,

2 2 to 2 7 lb .

The two b reeds j ust m entio n ed a re as a rul e sup erio r to , ,

t he I rish T erri er in fro n t l egs a n d f eet but in t he di re ctio n , ,

of th es e poi n ts great imp rov em en ts hav e rec en tly b een ob

s ervabl e The h eads of our I rish Terri ers have also b een
.

b rought n earer to a l ev el of p erfectio n chis elled to t he d esired ,

d egree of l ean n ess with t he d et ermi n ed expressio n so charact er

,

is t ic of t he br eed a n d with t he l en gth squar en ess a n d strength

, , ,
2 34 D OG S A N D A LL A B OU T T HE M

red . W hit e
som etim e s app e ars on ch est a n d feet ; it is mo re ob
j ect ion a ble o n t h e latt er tha n on t h e ch est as a sp e ck of whit e o n ch e st ,

is frequ en tly to b e s een in all s elf colou re d b ree ds S i ze a n d S y mmetry -

—T h e most d esi rabl e weight in S ho w co n ditio n is f or a dog 24 lh a n d

.

, .
,

f or a bitch 22 1b T h e dog must p res en t a n active liv ely lith e a n d

.
, , ,

wi ry app ea ra n c e lots of substa n c e at t h e sam e tim e fr ee of clumsi n ess , ,

as sp ee d an d en duran c e as well as po wer are v ery e ss en tial T h ey

, , .

must b e n eith er cloddy or cobby but should b e fram ed on t h e li n e s o f

sp eed sho wi n g a grac eful raci n g outli n e T emperam en t —D ogs that
,

.
,

a re v ery gam e a re usually su rly or s n appish T h e Irish T erri er a s .

a b ree d is a n exc eptio n b ei n g remarkably good t emp ere d n otably ,

-
,

so with man ki n d it b ei n g admitte d ho wev er that h e is p erhaps a littl e

, , ,

too ready to res en t i n t erferen c e on t h e part of oth er dogs T h ere is a .

h ee dl ess reckl ess pluck about t h e Irish T erri er which is charact eristic
, ,

a n d coupl e d with t h e h e adlo n g dash bli n d to all co n s e qu en c s with

, ,
e ,

which h e rush es at his adv ersa ry has e a rn e d f or t h e b r ee d t h e p r ou d ,

”
e pith e t of T h e D a re D evils W h en o ff duty th ey are cha r
- -
.

a ct eris ed by a qui e t caress i n viti n g app ea ra n c e a n d wh en on e s ee s

-
, ,

th em en d ea ri n gly timidly pushi n g th ei r h eads i n to th ei r mast”ers h an d s

,
’
,

it is difficult to realis e that on occasio n s at t h e s et on th ey can , ,

p rov e th ey hav e t h e cou rage of a lio n a n d will fi ght u n to t h e last ,

b reath in th ei r bodi es T h ey d ev elop a n e xtrao rdi n ary d evotio n to

.

an d hav e b een k n o wn to track th eir mast ers almost i n cre dibl e

distan ces .

It is di ffi cult to refer to particular Irish Terri ers of to day -

without maki n g i n vidious disti n ctio n s Th ere a re so man y .

exc ell en t ex am pl es of t h e b reed that a list ev en of t h os e wh o

hav e gain ed c h ampio n ship ho n ou rs would be fo rmidabl e .

But on e would h ardly h esitat e to h ead t he list with t he n am e

of Paymast er a dog of rare a n d almost sup erlative quality
,

a n d t ru e I ris h T e rri er c h a ract er Paymast er is t h e prop erty .

of Miss Lilian Paull of W esto n sup er Mare wh o b red him ,

- -
,

f rom h er b eautiful bitch E ras mic from B reda Muddl er t h e sir e ,

of man y of t h e b est Sid e by sid e with Paymas t er Mr F .

, . .

Ch ito n s Mil e E n d Barrist er mig h t be plac ed It would n eed

’
.

a cou n cil of p erfectio n i n d eed to d ecid e w h ic h is t h e b ett er , ,

dog of t h e t wo V ery high in t h e list also would co me Mr

.
, , .

H en ry Ridl ey s R ed eem er an d Mr B rea k ell s Killa rn ey Spo rt

’ ’
. .

An d amo n g bitc h es on e would n am e c e rtai n ly Mr G regg s

’
.

B elfast E ri n Mr Clifton s Charwoman Mr E v eri ll s E rmi ni e

, .
’

, .
’

a n d Mr J S McComb s B eesto n B et t y T h es e a re but half

. . .
’
.

a doz en but th ey rep res ent t h e high est l ev el of exc ell en c e

,
 C HA P TE R XXXVII
T HE W E L S H T E RR I E R

T HI S b reed is ar aki to t he wi re hair Fox t erri er t he

ne n - -
,

pri n cip al di fferen c es b ei n g m erely of colou r and typ e Th e .

W elsh Terri er is a wi re haired black or grizzl e and tan The

-
.

most taki n g colouri n g is a j et black body a n d back with d eep

t an h ead e ars l egs b elly an d tail
, , , S ev eral sp ecim ens hav e
, .
,

how ev er black foreh eads skulls ears an d tail and t he

, , , , ,

black will frequ en tly be s een also ext endi n g for a short way
d own t h e l egs Th ere must be n o black howev er b elow t he
.
, ,

h ook a n d th ere must be n o substantial amou n t of whit e any

,

wh ere ; a dog poss essi n g eith er of th es e faults is accordi n g ,

t o t h e recogn is ed sta n da rd of t h e b reed disqualifi ed Man y , .

o f t h e most succ essful b en ch wi n n ers hav e n ev erth eless , ,

b een poss ess ed of a littl e whit e on t he ch est a n d even a few

h ai rs of that colou r on th ei r hi n d to es a n d apparently by , , ,

t he commo n co n s ent of all t h e j udg es of t he b reed th ey hav e ,

b een in n owis e handicapp ed for th es e bl emish es .

Th ere are n ot so ma n y grizzl e colou red Welsh Terri ers n ow

a s th ere us ed to be A grizzl e a n d tan n ever looks so smart
.

a s a black a n d t a n
: but though this is so if t he grizzl e is ,

o f a dark hard colour its o wn er S hould n ot be han dicapp ed as

,

a gai n st a black a n d t an if on t he co n trary it is a wash ed

, ,

o u t bluish looki n g g rizzl e a j udg e is en titl e d to handicap its

-
, ,

p oss esso r apa rt altog eth er from t h e fact that a n y such colour
,

o n t h e back is i n variably accompani ed by an obj ectionabl e

light t an on t he l egs t he whol e b eing a c ertain sign of a soft

, ,

silky un t errierlik e coat

,
.

Th e coat of t h e W elsh Terri er sli ghtly di ffers from that of t he

wi re hai r Fox t erri er in that it is as a rul e n ot so abu n dant
- -
, , ,

2 36
 THE WEL S H T ERR I E R 23 7

and is in r eality a differen t class of coat It is n ot so b rok en

, ,
.

as is that of t he Fox t erri er an d is g en erally a smoot h er

-
, ,

short er coat with t he h ai rs v ery clos e tog eth er W h en

,
.

accompan i ed with this th ere is a d en s e u n d ercoat on e has , ,

for a t erri er us ed to wo rk a good d eal in wat er a n id eal cov er ,

in g as wat erp roof almost as t h e f eat h ers on a duck s back

’
.
,

—
Th e oth er di ffer en c e b et ween t h e Fox a n d W elsh Terri er v iz ,

typ e—is v ery hard to d efin e To an yo n e who really un d er

.

stan ds Welsh Terri ers t he s el ect io n oi thos e of p rop er typ e

,

from thos e of wro n g typ e p res en ts littl e if an y d i ffi culty .

A s a show b en c h ex h ibit t h e Welsh T erri er is n ot mo re

-

than twen ty t wo years old He has ho wev er resid ed in

-
.
, ,

Wal es for c en tu ri es .

Th er e is n o doubt t h at h e is in reality id en tical with t he

old black an d t a n wi re hai red dog which was E n glan d s first
-
’

t erri er a n d which has tak en such a p romi n ent part in th e

,

productio n a n d evolutio n of all th e oth er vari eti es of t h e

spo rti n g t erri er .

Th ere a re s ev eral p eopl e livi n g in or about Carn arvo n shi re

who can show that Welsh Terri ers hav e b een k ept by th eir
a n c es to rs from at a n y rat e a hu n dred to t wo hu n dred y ears
, ,

ago N otabl e amo n g th es e is t h e pres en t mast er of t he Yn y s for

.

O tt erhounds whos e gr eat gran dfath er J o h n J o n es of Yn ys

, , ,

for own ed W elsh T erri ers in or about t h e year 1 760 Thi s

,
.

pack of O tt erhou n ds has always b een k ept by t he J on es

of Yn ys for who hav e always wo rk ed an d still wo rk W elsh
,

Te rri ers with th em From this st rai n som e good t erri ers h av e
.

spru n g an d this although n eith er t he pres en t mast er n or any

,

of his an c esto rs hav e co n cern ed th ems elves greatly about t h e

looks of th eir t erri ers or k ept an yt hi n g but a h ead reco rd of
,

th ei r p edi grees Th ey a re all h o wever pu re b red and a re

.
, , ,

s et much sto re on by th ei r own er and his family j ust as th ey ,

always hav e b een by th ei r p red ec esso rs .

Un til about t he year 1 884 no on e s eems to hav e co n sid ered

t h e qu estio n of putti ng sp ecim en s of t he br eed on t he
S how b ench A bout that year howev er s everal gen tlem en
.
, ,
2 38 DOG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
i n t er est ed in t he vari ety met tog eth er to s ee what could be
d o n e in co n n ectio n with t h e matt er t he outcom e b ei n g that ,

t he W elsh T erri er Club was sho rtly aft erwa rds fou n d ed t he ,

K en n el Club recogn is ed t he b reed a n d t he t erri er hi ms elf ,

b ega n his ca re er as a S ho w dog .

Th e S p ecim ens which w ere first s h own w er e as may be ,

imagin ed n ot a V ery high class looki n g lot A lthough t he

,
- -
.

breed had b een k ept pure n o care had b een tak en in t he cultu re
,

o f it exc ept that which was n ec essa ry to p roduc e a sporti n g

,

gam e t erri er abl e to do its wo rk On e ca n readi ly u n d erstan d

, .
,

th erefo re that such an en ti rely fa n cy point as a lo n g

,
%

fo refac e a n d n arrow cl ean skull had n ev er b een thought

,

of for a mom ent an d it was in th es e particulars that t h e Welsh

,

T erri er at first fail ed from a S how poi n t of V i ew

,
Natu rally .

en ough good should ers sou n d hi n d quart ers mo re than fair

, ,
-
,

l egs a n d feet a n d exc ell en t j ack ets were to be found in abun d

,

a n c e but as t h e body wa s almost i n variably su rmou n t ed by a

,

r h r n d —
v e y s o t a w edg e shap ed h ead a n d j a w oft en accompan i ed ,

with a pai r of h eavy rou n d ears a n u n d ershot mout h a n d a

, , ,

light full ey e it wi ll be realis ed that t h e g en eral app earan c e

, ,

of t h e dog wa s n ot p reposs essi n g .

Th e W elsh T erri er to day is v ery much imp rov ed b eyo n d

-

W hat h e was wh en first put on t h e b en ch This imp rov em en t .

has b een b rought about by careful a n d j udicious br eedi n g

from n othi n g but pu re bred S p ecim en s No outsid e aid has .

b een i n vok ed— at a n y rat e in t h e p roductio n of a n y of t he

b est t erri ers—and n o n e has b een requi red It is a matt er for .

g reat co n gratulatio n t h at t h e b reed has b een k ept pu re

d espit e all t emptatio n a n d exho rtatio n .

Th e W elsh T erri er b reeds as t ru e as st eel ; you kn ow

what you are goi n g to get Ha d popular clamou r had its way
.

y ears ago good n ess o n ly k n o w what mo n st rositi es would now

,

be b ei n g b red .

Th e colou r of t h e We lsh T erri er is of cou rs e agai n st him , ,

f or wo rki n g with a pack of boun d s esp ecially in wat er It , .

is o n ly fai r howev er to t h e b reed to say t h at barri n g this

, , ,
 C HA PTE R XXXVIII
T HE SC O T T I SH T E RR I E R

THE Scottish Terri er

as a show dog dat es from about 1 877
to 1 8 79 He s eems a hn os t at onc e to have attain ed popularity
.
,

a n d he has p rogr ess ed gradually sinc e th en ev er in an upward ,

di rectio n u n til he is to day on e of t h e most popular a n d

,
-

ext en siv ely own e d vari eti es of t he dog Sir Paynton Pigott .

had at t he dat e m en tion ed a v ery fin e k en n el of t h e b reed

, , ,

for in The L ive S tock j ourn a l of May 3 oth 1 87 9 we find hi s , ,

k en n el fully revi ewed in a most enthusiastic man n er by a

co rres pond en t who visit ed it in co n s equ en c e of a co n t roversy
that was goi n g on at t he tim e as to wh eth er or n ot th er e
,

was such a dog at all and who th erefo re wish ed to s ee and

, , ,

j udg e for hims elf as to this poi n t A t t he en d of his r eport on

.

t h e k en n el t he writ er adds th es e words : It was c ert ai nly on e

of t h e happi est days of my life to hav e t he pl easure of looki n g
ov er so many grand ht t le dogs but to fin d th em in E n gland
,

quit e stagg ered me Four dogs and eight bitch es are not a
.

bad b egi n n i n g an d with care a n d j udicious s el ection in

,

mati n g I hav e littl e doubt but Mr Pigott s k en n el will be a s

, .
’

ren own ed for Terri ers as t he lat e Mr La v era ck s was for S ett ers
.
’
.

I know but few that tak e such a d elight in t he b rave littl e

d ie bards as Mr Pigott and h e may w ell feel proud of t he
-
.
,

”
lot h e has got togeth er at gr eat troubl e and exp en s e .

Th e fact that th ere was such a k enn el already in exist enc e

prov ed of cou rs e a stro n g point in favour of th e bona fides
, ,

of t h e b reed The b est dog in it was G ran it e whose port rait

.
,

a n d d escription w er e giv en in t he j ou rn a l in co n n ection with

t h e said revi ew and t he oth er animals of t he k en n el b eing of

 P hot og ra ph by T . F a ll

S PE NC E R S
’
DA N D I E D I N MO NT C H . B RA W LA D

TY PI C A L A I RE DA LE HEA D

MR W
. . L . M cC A N D L I S H S S C O TT I S H T E R R I E R
’

E MS C O SMETI C
242 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
t erri er of E n glan d was sought by a few astut e p eopl e living
probably n ot very far from A b erd een .

Scottish T erri ers frequ en tly go by t he n am e of A b erd een

rri
Te er s — a n app ellatio n it is tru e usually h eard o n ly from
, ,

t he lips of p eopl e who do n ot kn ow much about th em Mr . .

W L McCa n dlish on e of t h e great est livi n g authoriti es

. .
,

on t he b re ed in a n abl e t reatis e publish ed som e tim e back

, ,

t ells us in referen c e to this matt er that t he t erri er u n d er

, ,

n otic e w ent at di ff erent p eriods u n d er t h e n am es of Highla n d ,

Cairn A b erd een an d Scotch that h e is n ow kn own by t h e

, ,

proud titl e of Scottish Terri er a n d that t he o n ly surviving

trac e of t he diff eri n g n om en clature is t he titl e A b erd een which
man y p eopl e still regard as a di fferen t b reed—a want of
,

kn owl edg e frequ ently turn ed to accou n t by t he unscrupulous

d eal er who is abl e to s ell u n d er t h e n am e of A b erd een a dog
”
too bad to dispos e of as a Scottish Terri er But th ere can be .

n o doubt that o rigi n ally th ere must hav e b een s ome r easo n for

t he n am e I n a l ett er to t he writ er Sir Payn to n Pigott

.
,

says ,
Som e p eopl e call th em a n d adv ertis e them as t he
A b erd een Terri er which is altog eth er a mistak e ; but t he
,

reason of it is that fo rty y ears ago a D r V a n Bust who liv ed in .

,

A b erd een b red th es e t erri ers to a larg e ext ent a n d sold th em

, ,

and thos e buyi n g th em call ed th em in cons equ en c e A b erd een , ,

Terri ers wh ereas th ey w ere in r eality m erely a pick ed sort

’
,

”
of O ld Scotch or Highlan d T erri er Sir Paynto n hims elf . .

as app ears from t h e colum n s of The Live S tock j ourn a l (March

2n d , bought som e of t h e st rai n of Van Bust an d th erein ,

giv es a full d escriptio n of t he sam e .

S ir Payn ton Pigott s k en n el of t he b reed assum ed quit e

’

larg e propo rtio n s a n d was most succ es sful s ev eral tim es

, ,

wi n n i n g all t h e priz es o ffered in t h e vari e ty at di fferent shows .

He may w ell be call ed t h e Fath er of t he b reed in E n gla n d for ,

wh en h e gav e up exhi biti n g a gr eat d eal of his b est blood ,

got i n to t h e k en n els of Mr H J L udlow who as ev eryo n e . . .

, ,

kn ows h as do n e such a t rem en dous amou n t of good in

,

popularising t he b reed and has also hims elf produc ed

 T H E S C O TT I S H T ERR I E R 2 43

such a galaxy of sp ecim en s of t h e v ery b est class Mr .

Ludlow s firs t t erri er was a bitch call ed Spli n t er II The

’
.

n am e of Kild ee is in t he b reed almost world famous an d it is

, ,
-
,

i n t eresti n g to n ot e th at in ev ery li n e do es h e go back to t he

—
said Spli n t er II R ambl er call ed by t he great authoriti es
.

t h e first pillar of t he stud book — was a s on of a dog call ed

B on A cco rd and it is to t hi s latt er dog a n d R og er R ough an d
-
, ,

also th e afo resaid Tarta n a n d Spli n t er II that n early all of .

t h e b est p res en t day p edigr ees go back

-
This b ei n g so it .
,

is un n ec essary to give ma n y mo re n am es of dogs who have in

th eir g en erations of som e y ears back assist ed in bri n ging t h e
b reed to its p res en t stat e of p erfectio n An exc eptio n how .
,

e v er must be mad e in t h e cas e of two so n s of R ambl er by

, ,

n am e D un d ee a n d A list er names v ery familiar in t he Scottish

,

Terri er p edigrees of t h e pres en t day A list er esp ecially was .

quit e a n extrao rdi n ary stud dog His p rog en y w ere l egio n .
,

a n d som e v ery good t erri ers of to day own him as prog en itor -

in n early ev ery lin e The b est d esc en da n ts of A list er w er e

.

Kild ee Ti ree Whi n ston e Pri n c e A l exand er a n d Heath er

, , , ,

Pri n c e He was apparen tly too much i n b red to an d though

.
,

h e produc ed or wa s respo n sibl e for s ev eral b eautiful t erri ers ,

it is much to be doubt ed wh eth er in a b reed which is su fferi n g

from t h e ill effects of t oo much i n b reedi n g h e was n ot on e of
-
,

t h e great est si n n ers .

Th e Scottish Terri er Club was form ed in t he y ear 1 882 I n t h e .

sam e year a j oin t committ ee d rew up a sta n dard of p erf ectio n

for t h e b reed M ess rs J B Mo riso n a n d Thomso n G ray
, . . .
,

two g en tl em en who w ere lo ok ed upon as gr eat authoriti es ,

havi n g a good d eal to do with it .

I I I
S T A ND A R D OF P O NTS OF THE S CO TT S H TE R R E R : S k ull
Propo tio at ly lo g slightly dom d
r n e n , ecov d ith sho t ha d ha
an d ere w r r ir
about i ch lo g l ss I t should quit fl at as t
n ot b e should h ere
uz l —V y po ful
3 n n or e . e ,

be a so t of stop
r d op b t
or r y s
e ween t h e e e M ze er wer ,.

an d g adually tap i g to a ds
r er n w r os
the n hich should
e, w ays alw be
black an dof a good siz e j a s should
Th e w . p f ctly l v l
b e er e e e , an d t h e
t th squa
ee t ough
re, h os p oj cts som hat
t he n e r e ew ov er t h e mon t h

which giv s imp ssio of

e t he re n upp
the b i g lo g tha
er j a w e n u d
n er n the n er
on e. y — da k b o
E es A r -
haz l colou small pi ci g v y b ight
r wn or e r , er n , er r
244 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
and r ath er su n k en E ars —Very small p rick or half p rick ( t h e fo rm er
.
,

is p referabl e) but n ev er d rop T h ey should als o b e sharp poi n t e d

,
.
.

a n d t h e hair o n th em should n ot b e lo n g but v elv e ty a n d th ey should , ,

n ot b e out T h e car s should b e free from an y fri n g e at t h e top

. Nec k .

S ho rt thick an d muscula r
,
stro n gly s et on slopin g should ers Ch est .

B road in compa riso n to t h e siz e of t h e dog an d p ropo rtio n at ely d eep

B od y— Of mod erat e l en gth but n ot so lo n g as a S ky e s a n d rath e r
, .

’
, ,

fl a t sid e d ; well r ibb e d up a n d exc ee din gly st ro n g in hi n d quart ers

L egs a n d F eet —B oth fo re an d hin d l egs should b e sho rt a n d v ery
- -
.
,

h e avy in bo n e t h e fo rm er b ei n g straight a n d well s et on u n d er t h e body

,
‘

as t h e S cottish T erri er should n ot b e out at elbo ws Th e ho oks should .

b e b en t an d t h e thighs v ery muscula r a n d t h e fee t stro n g small an d

, , ,

thickly cov ered with sho rt hai r t h e fo re feet b ein g la rger than t h e
hin d o n es T a il— S hould b e about 7 i n ch es lo n g n ev er dock ed carrie d
,

Coat—S hould b e rath er sho rt

.
, ,

with a slight b en d a n d oft en gaily .

( about 2 i n ch e s ) i n t en s ely ha rd a n d wir y in t extu re a n d v ery d en s e all

over th e body S iz e—F rom 1 5 lb to 20 lb t h e b est weight b ein g as
, ,

. . .

n e a r as possibl e 1 8 lb f or dogs a n d 1 6 lb f or bitch e s wh en in co n ditio n

Colou r—S t eel or ir o n g rey black b ri n dl e b ro wn b ri n dl e grey
. .
,

f or wo rk .
, , ,

b ri n dl e black san dy a n d W h eaten W h it e markin gs a re obj ectio n abl e

, , .
,

a n d ca n o n ly b e allo we d on t h e ch est a n d to a small ext en t Gen eral

A ppea ra n ce—T h e fac e should we a r a v ery sha rp b right an d activ e
.

e xp r essio n a n d t h e h e ad should b e ca rri e d up

, Th e dog ( o win g to th e .

sho rtn ess of his coat) should app ea r to b e high er on t h e leg tha n h e
really is but at t h e sam e tim e h e should look compact a n d poss ess ed
of great muscl e in his hin d quart ers I n fact a S cottish T erri er though -
.
, ,

e ss en tially a t erri er ca n n ot b e too po wer fully put tog eth er an d should

, ,

b e from about 9 i n ch e s to 1 2 i n ch es in h eight

S P E C IA L F A U L TS : M uzzl e—E ith er u n d er or ov er hu n g
.

E yes
L a rg e or light colou red E a rs—L a rg e rou n d at t h e poi n ts or d rop
.

-
.
, .

I t is also a fault if th ey a re to o h eavily cov ered with hair Legs

C oat—A n y silki n ess wav e
.

B en t or slightly b en t a n d out at elbo ws

, , .
,

or t en d en cy to cu rl is a s erious bl e mish as is also a n op en coat S i ze , .

S p e cim en s of ov er 20 lb should b e discou rag e d . .

Th ere hav e of rec en t y ears b een man y v ery exc ellen t

, ,

sp ecim en s of t he Scottish T erri er bred and exh ibit ed P re .

emi n en t amo n g th em sta n ds Mrs Han n ay s Ch Hewo rth

’
. .

R ascal who was a most symm et rical t erri er a n d p robably

, ,

t he n ea rest app roach to p erfe ctio n in t h e br eed y et s een .

O th er very firs t class t erri ers hav e b een t he sam e lady s -

’

Ch G ai r Mr P owlet t s Ch Callum D hu Mr McCa n dli s h s

.
, .
’
.
, .
’

E ms Cosm etic Mr Chapma n s H eath er Bob a n d Heath er

’
.
,

Charm Mr Ki n n ea r s S ea fi eld R ascal Mr Wood s Hyn dman

, .
’

, .
’

Chi ef M essrs Buckl ey a n d Mills s Clo n m el I n vad er a n d Mr

, .
’
, .

D ean e Willis s Ch Huntl ey D aisy a n d Ch Cart er L addi e

’
. . .

It is h ighly probabl e that of all t he t erri er t rib e t he ,

 C HA P TE R XXXIX
T HE W E ST H I GH L A ND W H I T E T E RR I E R

MAN b eing a hunting animal kills

, ott er for hi s ski n and
, t he ,

t he badg er also t he fox h e kills b ecaus e t he a n imal lik es

lamb an d gam e to ea t Man b ei n g unabl e to d eal in t he cours e
.
,

of a mornin g with t he rocks u n d er and b etw een which his

qu a rry harbou rs mak es us e of t he small dog whi ch will go
,

und erground to which t he Fr ench nam e t erri er has b een

,

attach ed .

Towa rds t he en d of t h e reign of J am es t he First of E n glan d

a n d Sixth of Scotland we fin d him writi n g to E di n bu rgh to
,

hav e half a doz en earth d ogges or t errieres s en t care

fully to Franc e as a p res en t a n d he di rects that th ey be got ,

from A rgyll a n d s ent over in two or mo re ships l est th ey

,

should get harm by t he way That was roughly th ree h undred .

yea rs ago a n d t he Ki n g most probably would not have so

,

highly valu ed a n ewly inv en t ed strain as h e evid en tly did

-

valu e t he t errieres from A rgyll We may tak e it th en .

that in 1 60 0 t he A rgyllshire t erri ers were co n sid ered to be t he

b est in Scotla n d a n d lik ely en ough too s eei n g t he almost
, ,

bou n dless oppo rtu n iti es t he cou n ty gi v es for t h e wo rk of t he

earth d ogges .

But men k ept th ei r dogs in t he evil pre show days for work -

a n d n ot for poi n ts and mighty i n differen t w ere th ey wh eth er

,

an ear cook ed up or lay fl at to t h e ch eek wh eth er t he tail was ,

e xactly of fa n cy l en gth or how high to a h ai r s b readth it ’

stood Th es e thi n gs a re s in e qua n on on t he mod ern sho w

.

b en ch but w ere n ot thought of in t he cru el hard fighti n g days

, ,

o f old .
 WE S T H I GHLAND WH I T E T E RR I E R 2 47

—
In thos e days two thi gs and two thi n gs only—w ere
n

imperativ ely n ec essa ry : pluck an d capacity to get at t he

quarry This en tail ed that t h e body in which t h e pluck
.

was en shri n ed must be sm all a n d most activ e to get at t he ,

i n n ermost rec ess es of t he lai r a n d that t h e body must be pro

,

t ect ed by t h e b est possibl e t eeth and j a ws for fighti n g on a ,

stro n g a n d rath er lo n g n eck a n d di rect ed by a most capabl e

brain It is h eld that f eet turn ed out a littl e a re b ett er for
.

scrambli n g up rocks than p erfectly straight Fox t erri er lik e -

feet I n additio n it was us eful to hav e your dog of a colour

.
,

e asy to s ee wh en in motio n thoug h n o gr eat w eight was laid

,

upo n that point as in t he days b efo re n ewspap ers an d trai ns

,

m en s eyes were good as a rul e Still t he quan tity of whit e

’
, .
,

in t h e existi n g t erri ers all th rough t he w est coast of Scotland

shows that it must hav e b een rath er a favou red colour .

Whit e West Highlan d Terri ers were k ept at Polt alloch sixty
years ago an d so th ey were first s h own as Poltalloch Terri ers
, .

Yet alth ough th ey were k ept in th ei r pu rest st rain in

Argyllshi re th ey are still to be found all alo n g th e west coast
,

of Scotlan d good sp ecim en s b elo n gi n g to R oss shire to Skye

,
-
, ,

and at Ballachuli sh on L och L even so that it is a b reed with ,

a lo n g p edigr ee a n d n ot an i n v en t ed b reed of t h e pres en t day .

E mphatically th ey a re n ot simply whit e colou red Scottish

,

Terri ers a n d it is an erro r to j udg e th em on Scottish Terri er

,

hn es .Th ey a re small er t h an t h e av erag e Scotti e mo re ,

r —
foxy in g en eral co n fo mation straight limb ed rath er ,

lo n g rath er low and activ e in body with a b road fo reh ead

, , , ,

light muzzl e an d un d erj aw a n d a b right small i n t ellig en t ey e

, , .

Colo n el Malcolm of Poltalloch who is re cogn is ed as t he great

, ,

autho rity on t h e b reed lays st ress upo n t he quality of th e coat

, .

Th e out er coat h e says ,

S hould be v ery soft on t h e fo re
,

h ead an d get gr adually hard er to wards t he haunch es but the ,

harsh coat b elov ed of t he sho w b en ch is all n ons en s e and is t he ,

e asi est thi n g in t h e wo rld to fak e as an y on e can try who will

‘ ’
,

dip his own h ai r i n to t h e n ow fas hi on abl e anturi o baths .

T h e out er coat should be distinctly lon g but n ot lo n g in t h e ,

2 48 DOG S A N D A L L A B OU T T HE M
fan cy or S ho w s en s e Still it S hould be lo n g enough
.
,

to han g as a thatch over t h e soft woolly real coat of t h e an imal

,
.

a n d k eep it d ry so that a good S hak e or two will th row off

most of t h e wat er whi l e t he u n d er coat S hould be so thi ck

an d n atu rally oily that t he dog ca n swim th rough a fai r

siz ed river a n d n ot get wet or be abl e to sit out th rough a

,

d ren chi n g rai n guardi n g som ethi n g of his mast er s a n d be ’

n o n e t h e wors e This u n d er coat I at l east hav e n ev er s een

.
, ,

a judg e look for but for t he wo rki n g t erri er it is most impo rtan t
, .

Th e siz e of t h e dog is p erhaps b est i n dicat ed by weight Th e .

dog should n ot w eigh more than 1 8 lh n or t h e bitch mo re .

,

than 1 6 lb .

n —
Th ere is amo g j udg es I fin d with all resp ect I say it
,

a n u n du e rega rd for w eight a n d what is call e d st ren gth also ,

for groomi n g which m ean s brushi n g or pluckin g out all t h e

,

lo n g hai r to gratify t he j udge On e might as w ell j udg e of

.

San dow s stren gth n ot by his p erformanc es but by t he kin d

’

, ,

of wax h e puts on his moustach e

Th e W est H T h e r —
ighland erri er of t old so t I do n ot of
—
,

cou s e sp eak of b en ch dogs e arn ed th ei r livi n g followi n g fox

r , ,

badg er or ott er wh er ev er th es e w en t u n d ergrou n d b etween

, , ,

ov er or u n d er rocks that n o man could get at to mov e and

, ,

som e of such siz e that a hu n dr ed men could n ot mov e th em .

( A n d oh t h e b eauty of th ei r n ot e wh en th ey cam e ac ross t h e

right sc en t I wan t my read ers to u n d erstan d thi s a n d n ot ,

to thi n k of a Highlan d fox cairn as if it were an E n gli sh fox

-

ea rth d ug in sa n d n or of badg er wo rk as if it were a qu estio n

of locati n g t h e badg er a n d th en di ggi n g him out No t h e .

badger mak es hi s hom e amo n gst rocks t he small o n es p erhaps ,

two o r th ree to n s in weig h t a n d prob ably h e has his hi n n er

,

en d —
agai n st on e of t h ree or fou r hu n d red to n s n o diggi n g
him out—a n d mo reov er t he passag es b etw een t he rocks
, ,

must be tak en as th ey a re n o scratchi n g th em a littl e wid er .

So if you r dog s ribs are a tri fl e too big h e may crush on e or

’

two through t he n arrow S lit a n d th en stick He will n ev er be .

—
abl e to pull hims elf back a t l east u n til sta rvatio n has so ,
250 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
dan gerous wo rk It is o n ly of lat e years that dogs have b een
.

b red for s h ow The s o call ed Scottish Terri er which at

.
-
,

pres en t rul es t h e roost dat es from 1 8 7 9 as a show dog

, .

I th erefore earn estly hop e that n o fancy will aris e about -

th es e dogs which will mak e th em less hardy less wis e l ess , ,

compan io n able less active or l ess d esp erat e fight ers un d er

, ,

g rou n d than th ey a re at pres ent A you n g dog that I gav e to a

.

k eep er got its stomach torn op en in a fight It cam e out of .

t h e cai rn to its mast er to be h elp ed He put t he ent rai ls .

back to t he b est of his ability a n d th en t he dog S lipp ed out

,

of his hands to fin ish t he fight and forc ed t he fox out i n to t he

,

op en That is t h e S pi rit of t h e b reed but alas that can n ot , ,

be exhibit ed on t h e show b en ch Th ey do say that a k eep er

.

of mi n e wh en chaff ed by t he fancy about t he baby fac es

,
‘

of hi s lot was dri v en to ask W ell can an y of you g en tl e

,
’
, ,

men oblig e me with a cat a n d I ll S how you I did not ’

,

h ear him say it so it may only be a tal e

, .

An yhow I hav e in my k en n el a dog who at t en months old

, , ,

met a vix en fox as s h e was bolting out of h er cai rn a n d he at ,

o n c e caught h er by t he th roat stuck to her ti ll t he pack cam e

,

up and th en on till s h e was killed I n t h e cours e of on e

, .

mo n th his wou n ds w ere h eal ed a n d he had two oth er classical

,

fi ghts on e with a cat and t he oth er with a dog fox

, Not bad .

for a pup with a baby fac e

I trust my read ers un d erstan d that t he West Highlan d
Whit e Terri ers are not Whit e A b erd eens n ot a n ew inv en tio n , ,

but have a most r esp ectabl e an c est ry of th eir own I add t h e .

fo rmal li st of poi n ts but this is t he wo rk of show b en ch

,

e xp erts -
an d it will be s een from what I h av e writt en that I

do not agree with th em on c ert ai n particulars Th ere should .

be f eath er to a fair d egr ee on t he tail but if exp erts will n ot

allow it put rosin on you r han ds a n d pull t he hair out—and
,

t he rosi n wi ll win you r priz e The ey e should n ot be su n k

.
,

whi ch gives t he sulky look of t he Scotch Terri er but sho uld ,

be full a n d b right and t he exp ression fri en dly a n d con fidin g

, .

The s kull should not be narrow a nywh ere It is almos t .

 WE S T H I GHLAND WH I T E T ERR I E R 25 1

impossibl e to get black n ails in a dog of pu re b reed an d t he

black soon wea rs off t he pad wo rk so folk must u n d erstan d ,

this On t wo occasio n s recen tly I have sho wn dogs ackn ow

. ,

l edg ed as dogs to be quit e first class but you s ee th ey are

, , , , ,

not t he prop er typ e Th e j udg es u n fo rtu n at ely have as

.
’

y et th ei r ey e s fi ll ed with t h e Scottish t erri er typ e a n d p ref er

mo n grels that s h o w it to t he real Simo n Pu re .

’

S T A ND A R D I T h e Gen eral A ppeara n c e of t h e W est

O F P O NT S :
H ighlan d W hit i is that of a small gam e har dy lookin g t erri er
e T err er , ,
-
,

poss ess ed with n o small amou n t of s elf est eem with a v armin t y -
,

app earan ce stro n gly built d e ep in ch est a n d back rib s straight back
, , ,

a n d po werful qua rt ers on muscula r l e gs a n d e xhibit in g in a mar k e d

d egree a great combin atio n of stren gth an d activity Colour—W hi t e
,

Co at—V ery impo rta n t a n d s eldom s een to p erfe ctio n

. .

, must b e doubl e
coat ed T h e out er coat co n sists of ha rd ha ir about 24 in ch es lo n g
.
, ,

an d free from an y cu rl Th e u n d er coat which res embl es fur is sho rt

S iz e—D ogs to weigh
.
, , ,

s oft a n d clos e
, O p en coats a re obj e ctio n ab l e
. .

from 1 4 to 1 8 lh an d bitch es from 1 2 to 1 6 lh an d m easur e fr om 8 to

—
.
.
, ,

12 n i ch e s at t h e should e r S k ull S hould n ot b e too n arro w b ein g in

.
,

p ropo rtio n to his po werful j aw p ropo rtio n at ely lo n g slightly dom ed , , ,

a n d gradually tap erin g to t h e ey es b e tween which th ere should b e a ,

s light i n d en tatio n or stop E y eb ro ws h eavy T h e hai r on t h e skull

to b e from i to 1 i n ch lo n g an d fairly har d E yes—W id ely s et ap art
. .

, .
,

m edium in siz e da rk haz e l in colou r sightly su n k in t h e h ead sharp

, , ,

a n d in t ellig en t which looki n g from u n d er t h e h e avy ey eb ro ws giv e

—
, , ,

a pi erci n g look F ull eyes a n d also light colou re d eyes are very
.
, ,
-
,

obj ectio n abl e Muzzle S hould b e po werf ul p ropo rtio n at e in l en gth

.
, .

a n d should gr adually tap er to wa rds t h e n os e which should b e fai rly ,

wid e a n d should n ot p roj e ct fo rwa r d b eyo n d t h e upp er j aw T h e

, .

j aws l ev el a n d po werful a n d t eeth squ are or even ly met well s et , , ,

an d lar g e f or t h e siz e of t h e dog T h e n os e a n d roof of mouth should

E a rs—S mall carri e d ere ct or s emi ere ct
.

b e disti n ctly black in colou r .

,
-
,

but n ever d rop a n d should b e carri e d tightly up Th e s emi ere ct

, .
-

car should d rop n ic e ly ov er at t h e tips t h e b r eak b ei n g about th re e ,

quar t ers up t h e ear a n d both fo rms of cars should t ermi n at e in a sha rp

,

poi n t T h e hai r on th em should b e sho rt smooth ( v elv ety) a n d th ey

.
, ,

should n ot b e out T h e e ars should b e free from an y frin ge at t h e top

. .

R ou n d poi n t ed b road an d lar g e e ars are v ery obj e ctio n abl e also e ar s
too h eavily cov ered with hair Nec k —Muscular a n d n icely s et on
, , ,

slopi n g should ers Ch est—Very d eep with b readth in p ropo rti o n to

.
,

—
.
,

t h e siz e of t h e dog B o d y Compact st raight back rib s d eep an d well

.
, ,

ar ch e d in t h e upp er h alf of rib p res en ti n g a fl a t t is h sid e app eara n c e , .

L oin s b road an d stro n g Hi n d qua rt ers stro n g muscular an d wid e -

across t h e top Legs a n d F eet—B oth fo re a n d hi n d l egs should b e

.
, ,

sho rt a n d muscular T h e should er blad es should b e comparatively

.

b road a n d we ll slop e d back wards

,
-
Th e poi n ts of t h e should er blad e s .

should b e clos ely kn it i n to t h e back bo n e so that v ery littl e movem en t ,

o f th em should b e n otic eabl e wh en t h e dog is walki n g T h e elbo w .

252 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T H E M
should b e clos e in to t h e b o d y bot h wh en movi n g or stan di n g thu s ,

causin g t h e fo re le g to b e well plac e d in u n d er t h e should er T h e fo re

’

- .

l egs should b e straight a n d thickly cov ere d with sho rt hard hai r .

T h e hi n d l e gs should b e sho rt a n d si n ewy

-
T h e thighs ve ry muscular .

a n d n ot too wid e apa rt T h e ho oks b en t a n d we ll s et in u n d er t h e

.

body so as to b e fai rly clos e to e ach oth er eith er wh en sta n di n g walki n g

, , ,

or ru n n i n g ( trotti n g ) ; and wh en sta n di n g t h e hi n d l e gs from t h e

, ,
-
,

poi n t of t h e h ook do wn to fetlock j oi n t should b e straight or p er ,

p en d icular a n d n ot f ar apa rt T h e fo re fee t ar e la r g er tha n t h e hi n d -

.

o n es a re rou n d p ropo rtio n at e in siz e st ro n g thickly padd e d a n d

, , , , ,

c ov ere d with sho rt ha r d hai r Th e foot must poi n t straight fo rwa rd

. .

T h e hi n d f eet are small er n ot q uit e as r ou n d as fo re f eet a n d t hi ckly

-
,
-
,

padd ed T h e u n d er su rface of t h e pads of f eet a n d all t h e n ails should

.

b e disti n ctly black in colou r H ook s too much b en t ( cow h ook s)

.

d etr act from t h e g en eral app e ara n c e S traight ho oks a re we ak . .

B oth kin ds are u n d esi rabl e a n d should b e gua r d e d a g ai n st

, T ai l .

S ix or s ev e n i n ch e s lo n g cov er e d with ha rd hai rs n o f eath ers as straight

, , ,

as possibl e ; carri ed gaily but n ot cu rl ed ov er back A lo n g tail

is obj ectio n abl e Movem en t —S hould b e free straight a n d e asy all
.
,

.
, ,

r ou n d I n fro n t t h e leg should b e f reely e xt en d e d fo rwa rd by t h e

.
,

should er Th e hi n d movem en t should b e free stro n g a n d clos e

.
, , .

Th e h ook s should b e fre ely fl ex ed a n d d r awn clos e in u n d er t h e body ,

so t hat wh en movi n g off t h e foot t h e body is th ro wn or push e d fo rwa rd

, ,

with som e fo rc e S tiff stilty mov em en t b ehi n d is v ery obj e ctio n abl e
Coat —
. .
,

F A U LT S A n y silki n ess wav e or t en d en cy to cu rl is a s erious , ,

bl emish as is also a n op en coat B lack or gr ey hai rs d isqualify f or

comp etitio n S iz e—A n y sp e cim en s u n d er t h e mi n imum or abov e t h e
, .

maximum weight a re obj e ctio n abl e E yes—F ull or light coloured

.
,

E ars —R ou n d poi n t e d d rop b road a n d la rg e or too h e avily cov ere d

. .
,
-

Muz zl e—E ith er u n d er or ov er s hot a n d d efectiv e t eeth

, , ,

with hai r .
,
.
 C HA PTE R X L
T HE D A ND E I I
D N M O NT

T HE b reed of t erri er n ow kn own as t h e D an di e D inmo n t is on e

of t he rac es of t he dog which can boast of a fai rly an ci en t
li n ea g e Th ough it is impossibl e n ow to say what was t he
.

e xact orI gI n of this b re ed we k n ow that it was first recogms ed

,

u n d er its p res en t n am e aft er t h e publi catio n of Scott s Guy ’

M a n n erin g in t he y ea r 1 8 1 4 a n d we kn ow that for man y

, ,

y ears previously th ere had exist ed in t he Bo rd er coun ti es a

r ough h ai red
-
S ho rt l egg e d rac e of t erri er
,
-
t he co n stan t an d ,

v ery effective compan io n of t he Bord er farm ers a n d oth ers in

th ei r fox hu n ti n g exp editio n s
-
.

Various th eori es hav e b een sugg est ed by differen t writ ers

as to th e man n er in which t h e b reed was fou n d ed Som e say .

that t he D an di e is th e result of crossi n g a strai n of rough hai red -

t erri ers with t he D achshu n d ; oth ers that a rough h ai r ed -

t erri er was c ross ed with t he O tt erhou n d a n d oth ers agai n

as s ert that n o di re ct cross wa s ever i n t roduc ed to fou n d t he
b reed but that it was gradually evol v ed from t he rough h ai red
,
-

t erri ers of t he Bo rd er district An d t hi s latt er th eo ry is .

p robably co rrect .

Th e D a n di e would app ear to be clos ely r elat ed to t he B ed

lin gt on Terri er I n both b reeds we fin d t he sam e i n domitabl e
.

pluck t he sam e p en dulous ea r a n d a light silky topkn ot

, ,

ado rn i n g t he skull of each but t h e D an di e was evolv ed i n to a

lo n g bodi ed short l egg ed dog a n d t he B edli n gto n b ecam e
-
,
-
,

a lo n g l egg ed short bodi ed dog % I n d eed to illustrat e t he

-
,
-

clos e relatio n ship of t he two b reeds a cas e is quot ed of t h e lat e

L o rd A n trim who in t he early days of dog s h ows exhibit ed
, , ,

253
25 4 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

two an imals from t he sam e litt er a n d with t he on e obt ai n ed a ,

priz e or ho n ou rabl e m entio n in t h e D a n di e class es and with ,

t he oth er a li k e disti n ctio n in t h e B ed li n gto n class es .

It may be i n t eresti n g to giv e a f ew particulars co n c ern ing t he

t rac eabl e a n c esto rs of t h e mod ern D an di e I n Mr Charles . .

Cook s book on this b reed we a re giv en particulars of on e

’
,

William A llan of Holyston e born in 1 70 4 a n d kn own as

, , ,

Pip er A llan a n d c el eb rat ed as a hu n t er of ott ers an d fox es

, ,

and for his st rai n of rough hai red t erri ers who s o ably assist ed
-

him in t he chas e Willi am A llan s t erri ers d escen d ed to hi s

.
’

”
s on J am es also kn own as t he
,
Pip er an d born in t he year ,

1 73 4 J am es A lla n di ed in 1 8 1 0 an d was survived by a

.
,

s on who sold to Mr Francis Som n er at Yet h ohn a t erri er dog

.

nam ed O ld P epp er d escen d ed from his gran dfath er s famous

,
’

dog Hit chem O ld P epp er was t he great grandsi re of Mr

.
-
.

Somn er s w ell kn own dog Sh em Th es e t erri ers b elo n gi n g to

’
-
.

t h e A llans a n d oth ers in t h e district a re co n sid ered by Mr .

Cook to be t he earli est kn own an c estors of the mod ern D andi e

D i n mo n t .

S ir W alt er Scott hims elf informs us that h e did n ot d raw t h e

charact er of D a n di e D inmo n t from an y on e i n dividual in
particular but that t h e charact er would well fit a doz en or
,

more of t he Lidd erdale yeom en of his acqu ai ntan ce How .

ev er owi n g to t h e circumsta n c e of hi s calli n g a l

, l his t erri ers
Mustard an d P epp er without a n y oth er distinction exc ept ,

”
auld a n d you n g a n d littl e t he n am e cam e to be ,

fixed by his associat es upon on e J am es D avidso n of Hin d lee , ,

a wild farm in t he Tev iot d ale mountai n s .

J am es D avidson di ed in t he y ear 1 8 2 0 by which tim e t he ,

D an di e D inmont Terri er was b ei n g b re d in co n sid erabl e num

b ers by t he Bord er farm ers a n d oth ers to m eet t he d eman d
for it which had sprung up si n c e t h e app earan c e of Guy
M a n n eri n g .

AS a result of t h e controv ersi es that w ere co n ti n ually re

curri n g with regard to t he points of a typical D an di e D i n mont
th ere was form ed in t he y ear 1 8 76 t he D a n d i e D i n mo n t Terri er
25 6 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
lo in s with a v ery slight gradu al d rop from top of loin s to roo t of ta il ;
both sid es of backbo n e we ll suppli e d with muscl e T ail—R ath er sho rt
,

.
,

say from eight i n ch es to t en in ch es an d cov ere d on t h e Upp er sid e with ,

wi ry hai r of da rk er colou r than that of t h e body t h e hai r on t h e u n d er ,

sid e b ei n g light er in colou r a n d n ot so wiry with a n ic e feath er about

, , ,

t wo i n ch e s lo n g g etti n g sho rt er as it n e a rs t h e tip

, rath er thick at t h e
r oot g e tti n g thick er f or about fou r i n ch es th en tap eri n g off to a poi n t
, , .

I t should n ot b e twist ed or cu rl e d in a n y way but should com e up ,

with a cu rv e lik e a scimita r t h e tip wh en e xcit e d b ei n g in a p er

, , ,

p en d icular li n e with t h e root of t h e tail I t should n eith er b e s et on .

too high n or too low W h en n ot excit ed it is carri e d gaily a n d a littl e

above th e l ev el of t h e body L egs—T h e fo re l e gs sho rt with imm en s e
.
,
-
.
,

muscular d ev elopm en t a n d bo n e s et wid e apart t h e ch est comi n g well , ,

do wn b etween th em T h e f oot well fo rm ed an d n ot fla t with v ery

.
, ,

stro n g b ro wn or dark colou re d claws B a n dy l egs a n d fl at feet are

-
.

obj ectio n abl e Th e hair on t h e fo re l egs an d feet of a p epp er dog

.
-

should b e t an varyi n g acco rdi n g to t h e body colou r from a rich t an

,

to a pal e fawn of a musta rd do g th ey a re of a da rk er shad e than its

h ead which is a creamy whit e I n both colou rs th ere is a n ic e feath er
, .
,

a bout t wo i n ch e s lo n g rath er light er in colou r tha n t h e hai r on t h e

,

fo re pa rt of t h e leg T h e hi n d l egs are a littl e lo n ger than t h e fo re o n es

-
.
-
,

a n d are s e t rath er wid e apa rt but n ot sp read out in a n u n n atu ral

,

ma n n er whil e t h e feet are much small er t h e thighs are well d evelop ed

, , ,

a n d t h e hair of t h e sam e colou r a n d t e xtu re as t h e fo r e o n es but havi n g ,

n o f eath er or d ew claws t h e whol e claws should b e da rk ; but t h e

claws of all vary in shad e acco rdin g to t h e colou r of t h e do g s body ’

Coa t —
.

T his is a v ery impo rt a n t poi n t t h e hai r should b e about t wo

i n ch es lo n g that from skull to root of tail a mixtu re of h a rdish a n d soft
hair which giv es a so rt of crisp feel to t h e ha n d T h e hair should n ot
, .

b e wi ry t h e coat is t erm e d pily or p en cill e d T h e ha ir on t h e u n d er .

p a rt of t h e body is light er in colou r a n d soft er tha n that on t h e top

Colo ur—T h e
.

T h e ski n on t h e b elly acco rds with t h e colou r of dog .

colou r is p epp er or musta rd T h e p epp er ran ge s from a dark bluish

.

black to a light silv er grey t h e i n t erm ediat e shad es b ei n g p referre d

, ,

t h e body colou r comi n g well d o wn t h e should er a n d hips g radually ,

m ergi n g i n to t h e le g colou r T h e musta rds vary from a reddish b ro wn

.

to a pal e fa wn t h e h ead b ei n g a creamy whit e t h e l egs a n d feet of a

, ,

shad e da rk er tha n t h e h ead Th e claws a re da rk as in oth er colou rs

. .

( N ea rly all D a n di e D i n mo n ts hav e som e whit e on t h e ch est a n d som e

hav e also whit e claws ) S iz e—T h e h eight should b e from 8 to 1 1 in ch es
,

at t h e top of should er L en gth from top of should er to root of tail

.

should n ot b e mo re than twic e t h e dog s h eight but p referably on e or ’

W ei gh t—F rom 1 4 lb to 24 lb t h e b est weight as

, , ,

t wo i n ch e s l ess . . .

n e a r 1 8 lb as possibl e T h e s e weights a re f or dogs in good wo rkin g

. .

or d er .

In t he abov e stan da rd of poi n ts we hav e a very full and

d etail ed accoun t of what a D a n di e should be lik e an d if only ,

j udg es at shows would b ear th em in mind a littl e more we ,

S hould hav e f ew er con fl icti n g d ecisions gi v en a n d D andi e ,

 T HE DAN D I E D I N M ON T 57

fanci ers a n d t he public gen erally would n ot from tim e to tim e

be s et wo n d eri n g as to wh a t is t h e co rrect typ e of t h e b reed .

A D an di e mak es a n exc ell en t h ous e guard ; for such a

small dog h e h as a n amazi n gly d eep loud bark so that t he , ,

st ra n g er who h as h eard h im ba rki n g on t h e far S id e of t h e

,

doo r is quit e asto n ish ed wh en he s ees t he small o wn er of t he

,

big voic e Wh en k ept as a compan io n h e b ecom es a most

.

d evot ed a n d a ffectio n at e li t t l e fri en d a n d is v ery in t elhgen t

, .

A s a dog to be k ept in k en n els th ere is c ertai n ly on e grea t

d rawback wh ere larg e k en n els a re d esi red a n d t h at is t h e risk ,

of k eepi n g t wo or mo re dogs in on e k en n el soo n er or lat er

th ere is sure to be a fight a n d wh en D an d i es fi ght it is g en erally
,

a v ery s erious matt er if n o on e is p res en t to s eparat e th em ,

on e or both of t h e combata n ts is p re tty c ertai n to be kill e d .

But wh en out walki n g t he D an di e is n o mo re quarr elsom e than

oth er b reeds of t erri ers if prop erly t rai n ed from puppyhood
, .

Th ere is on e littl e matt er in b ree di n g D an di es t h at is g en er

ally a su rpris e to t h e n ovic e a n d that is t h e v ery great di ffer
,

en c e in t h e app ea ra n c e of t h e you n g pups an d t h e adult dog .

Th e pups a re bo rn quit e smooth hai red t he p epp ers a re black -

,

a n d t an in colou r a n d t h e musta rds hav e a great d eal of black

,

in t h ei r colou ri n g Th e topk n ot b egi n s to app ea r som e t im es

.

w h en t h e dog is a f ew mo n ths old a n d som etim es n ot till h e is ,

a y ear or so old It is g en erally b est to mat e a mustard

.

to a p epp er to prev en t t h e mustards b ecomi n g too li ght in

,

colour though t wo rich colo ured mustards may be mat ed

,
-

tog eth er with good results It is a rath er cu rious fact that.

w h en t wo mustards a re mat ed som e of t h e p rog en y are usually

p epp er in colou r though wh en t wo p epp ers a re mat ed t h ere a re
,

v ery s eldom an y mustard puppi es .

Th e pop u larity of t h e D a n di e h as n ow last e d f or n early a

h u n d red y ea rs a n d th ere is n o reaso n w h y it s h ould n ot last f or
,

an ot h er c en tury if b reed ers will o n ly st eer cl ear of t he ex aggera

,

tio n of S h o w poi n ts a n d co n t i n u e to b reed a sou n d ac t iv e a n d

, , ,

hard y t erri er .
 C HA P TE R X L I
T HE SK YE ,
A ND C LYD E SD A L E T E R R I E RS

THAT t h e Sky e Terri er should be call ed t h e Heaven ly

B reed is a tribut e to t h e favou r in which he is h eld by hi s
admi rers C ertai n ly wh en h e is s een in p erfectio n h e is an
.

e xc eedi n gly b eautiful dog A s c ertai n ly th ere is n o b reed

.

more aff ectio n at e mo re faithful or mo re lovabl e Amon g his

, , .

c h aract eristics a re a lo n g— en du ri n g pati en c e a p rompt ob edi ,

en c e a n d a d eep h ea rt ed t en d ern ess

,
-
combi n ed with fearl ess ,

cou rag e H e is mo re s en sitiv e to rebuk e a n d pu n ishmen t

.

than most dogs a n d will n u rs e res en tm en t to thos e who a re

,

un just to h im ; n ot vicious ly but wit h a n almost huma n ,

pl ai n tiv en ess whi ch d eman ds an imm ediat e reco n ciliatio n .

H e is stau n ch a n d firm as his n ati v e h i lls to thos e wh o a re ki n d

to him a n d for en t eri n g i n to battl e with a n en emy th ere is n o
,

dog mor e reckl essly dari n g an d resolut e .

Visito rs to dog S h o ws a re dispos ed to b eli ev e that t he Skye

Terri er with its well groom ed coat that falls in smooth cas
,
-

cad es down its S id es a n d its v eil of thick hai r t h at obscu res

,

t h e t en d er soft n ess of its da rk a n d thoughtful ey es is m ea n t ,

o n ly to look b eautiful upo n t h e b en c h or to recli n e in com

f ort a ble i n dol en c e on silk en cushio n s This is a mistak e .
,

S ee a t eam of Sky es raci n g up a h illsid e aft er a fugitiv e rabbit ,

ti rel essly burrowi n g aft er a ra t or di splayi n g th ei r t erri er

,

strat egy aroun d a fox s earth or a n ott er s bolt a n d you will

’ ’

admi t t h at t h ey are m ea n t for spo rt a n d are d emo n s at it , .

E v en th ei r p e culiarity of build is a p roof that th ey are born

to follow v ermin und erground Th ey are lo n g of body with
.
,

sho rt st ro n g l egs adapt ed for burrowi n g With t he D ach

, , .

258
 2 60 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

from pure whit e to faw b ow blu e gr ey a n d black

n an d r n ,
-
.

The li ght er colou red o n es had black muzzl es ears a n d tails , , .

Th ei r tails were carri ed mo re gaily than would be p ermitt ed

by a mod ern j udg e of t he b reed .

I n thos e days t h e Highlan d er ca red l ess for t he app earan c e

than he did for t h e spo rti n g p rocliviti es of his dogs whos e ,

busi n ess it was to oust t he tod from t he earth in which it

had tak en refug e and for this purpose c ertain qualiti es w ere
imp erativ e First and fo remost t he t erri er n eed ed to be
.

small short of leg long and lith e in body with ampl e face
, , ,

fri n ge to prot ect his eyes from i n j u ry a n d poss ess ed of ,

unlimit ed pluck and dash .

The Skye Terri er of to day do es not a n sw er to each a n d -

ev ery on e of th es e requi rem en ts H e is too big—d ecid edly h e .

is too big—esp ecially in rega rd to t h e h ead A n obl e looki n g .

-

S kull ,
with larg e w ell feath ered ears may be a dm irabl e as
,
-

ornam en t but would assuredly d ebar its poss esso r from follow
,

in g into a fox s lai r amo n g t he bould ers Th en agai n his

’
.
, ,

lo n g coat would militat e agai n st t he activity n ec essary for

his l egitimat e calli n g .

It was n ot u n til about 1 8 60 that t h e Sky e Terri er att ract ed

much n otic e amo n g dog lovers south of t he Bo rd er but Qu een ,

Victo ria s admi ratio n of t h e b reed of which from 1 8 42 ou

’
,

wards sh e always own ed favou rit e sp ecim en s a n d Sir E d win ,

L an ds eer s pai n ti n gs in which t he Sky e wa s i n t roduc ed h ad

’

alr eady d rawn public att en tio n to t he d eco rative a n d us eful

qualiti es of this t erri er The b reed was i n clud ed in t he .

first volum e of t he K en n el Club Stud Book a n d t h e b est am ong ,

t h e ea rly dogs w ere such as Mr P ratt s G illi e a n d D u n v ega n

’
.
,

Mr D W Fy fe s Nov elty Mr J oh n Bo wma n s D a n di e a n d

. . .
’
, .
’
,

Mr Macdo n a s R ook Th es e w ere mostly of t he d rop cared

.
’
.
-

vari ety a n d were b red small

, .

A bout t h e y ear 1 8 74 fi erc e a n d sto rmy disput es aros e,

co n c ern i n g t he di sti n ctio n s of t he Scottish b re eds of t erri ers .

The cont rov ersy was co n ti n u e d u n til 1 8 79 wh en t he K en n el ,

Club was approach ed wi t h t he Vi ew t o fu rn ishi n g class es .

 THE S KY E T E RR I E R 2 61

Th e co n t rov ersy was c en t red upo n t h ree typ es of Scottish

t erri ers t h os e which claim ed to be pu re Sky e Terri ers a dog ,

d escrib ed b ri efl y as Scotc h and a t hi rd which for a tim e was

, ,

miscall ed t h e A b erd een To thos e who had studi ed t he

.

vari eti es t he disti n ctio n s w ere cl ea r ; but t he qu estio n at

,

issu e wa s — to which of t h e t h ree rig h tly b elo n g ed t he titl e

of Scottish Terri er Th e dog which t h e Scots en thusiasts
%

were t ryi n g to get establis h ed u n d er this classi ficatio n wa s

t h e Cai rn T erri er of t h e Highla n ds kno wn in som e localiti es ,

as t h e sho rt coat ed wo rki n g Sky e an d in oth ers as t he F0 x

-
, ,

t erri er or Tod hun t er A sub divisio n of this b reed wa s t h e

,
-
.
-

mo re l eggy Ab erd een v ari ety .

Th e p res en t day Sky e is withou t doubt on e of t h e most

-

b eautiful t erri ers in exist en c e He is a dog of m edi um siz e.

,

with a w eight n ot exc eedi n g 2 5 lb a n d n ot l ess than 1 8 lb .

, .

h e is lo n g in p ropo rt io n to his h eight with a v ery l ev el back a , ,

powerful j a w with p erfectly fitti n g t eeth a small h az el ey e , ,

and a lo n g hard coat j ust reachi n g t h e grou n d I n t h e prick .

e a re d vari ety t h e ears a re ca rri ed erect with v ery fin e ea r ,

f eath eri n g a n d t he fac e fri n g e is lo n g a n d thick The ear

, .

f eath eri n g a n d fac e fall a re fin er in quality than t h e coat w h ich ,

is exc eedi n gly hard a n d w eath er r esisti n g An d h ere it is -

.

well to poi n t out t h at t h e Sky e has two disti n ct coats : t he

u n d er coat som ewhat soft an d woolly a n d t h e upp er h ard and
, , ,

rai n proof This upp er coat should be as st raight as possibl e

-
.
,

wit h out a n y t en d en cy to wav e or cu rl Th e tail is n ot v ery .

lo n g a n d should be ni c ely f eath ered an d in repos e n ever

, ,

rais ed abov e t he l ev el of t h e back .

Th e sam e d escriptio n appli es to t h e d rop ea red typ e exc ept -

,

t hat t h e ea rs in repos e i n st ead of b ei n g carri ed erect fall

, ,

e v en ly on each sid e of t h e h ead Wh en ho wev er t h e dog is .

, ,

e xcit ed t h e ea rs a re prick ed fo rwa rd in exactly t h e sam e

, ,

fashio n as thos e of t he Ai redal e Terri er This is an impo rtant .

poi n t a houndy carriag e of ea r b ei n g a d ecid ed d efect The

, .

d rop eared vari ety is usually t he h eavi er a n d larg er dog of t he

-

t wo a n d for som e r eason do es n ot Sho w t h e quali ty and b reed

2 62 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
in g of its ighbou r L at ely howev er th ere has evid ently
ne .
, ,

b een a n effo rt mad e to imp rov e t he d rop cared typ e with t h e -

,

r esult that som e v ery excell en t dogs hav e rec en tly app ear ed
at t he irn port an t s h ows .

Probably Mr J am es P ratt has d evot ed mo re tim e an d

.

att en tio n to t h e Sky e Terri er than a n y oth er n ow livi n g fan ci er ,

though t h e n am es of Mr Kidd a n d Mr Todd a re usually w ell . .

k n own Mr Pratt s Skyes w ere alli ed to t he typ e of t erri er

. .
’

claimi n g to be t he o ri gi n al Sky e of t h e Highlan ds Th e h ead .

was n ot so larg e t h e ears also were n ot so h eavily f eath ered

, ,

as is t h e cas e in t h e Sky e of to day a n d t h e colou rs w ere v ery -

,

vari ed ran gin g from ev ery ti n t b et ween black a n d w h it e

, .

I n 1 8 9 2 a gr eat imp etus was giv en to t h e b reed by Mrs .

ITugh es whos e k en n els at W olv erley w ere of ov erwh elmi n gly

,

goo d q uali t y Mrs Hugh es was quickly followed by such

. .

a rd en t a n d succ es sful fa n ci ers as S ir Claud an d L ady A l ex

a n d er of B allochmy le Mrs Freema n Miss Bowy er Smyt h a n d
, , .
, ,

Miss McCh ea n e L at ely oth er p romi n en t ex h ibi t o rs hav e

.

fo rc ed th ei r way i n to t h e fro n t ra n k amo n g whom may be ,

m en tio n ed t h e Cou n t ess of A b erd een Mrs Hugh R ipl ey , .

,

Mrs Wilm er Miss Whis haw a n d Mrs Sa n dwi t h Mrs Hug h es

.
, , . . .
’

W olv erl ey D uc h ess a n d W olv erl ey J ock w ere exc ell en t typ es
of what a p rick cared Sky e s h ould be E xc ell en t t oo were
-
.
, ,

Mrs Freema n s A list er a n d S ir Claud A l exan d er s Young

.
’

,
’

R os eb ery O ld en Tim es A bb ess a n d W oo Mac of A d el

, , , ,

Mrs Wilrn er s J ean a n d Mr Milla r s P ri n c e D o n a rd But

’ ’
. .
.
,

t h e sup erlativ e Sky e of t h e p eriod a n d p robably t h e b est ,

ev er b re d is W olv erl ey Chummie t h e wi n n er of thi rty

, ,

champio n s h ips which a re but t h e public ackn o wl edgm en t of

h is p erfectio n s H e is t h e p rop ert y of Miss McCh ea n e wh o is
.
,

also t h e o wn er of a n alm ost e qually good sp ecim en of t h e

ot h er s ex in F ai rfi eld D iamo n d Amo n g t h e d rop eared .
-

Sky es of p res en t c el eb ri ty may be m en t io n ed Mrs Hugh .

Ripl ey s P erf ectio n Miss Whis h a w s Pip er G rey a n d L a d y

’
,
’

A b erd een s Cromar K elpi e

’
.

Th ere a re t wo clubs in E n gla n d a n d on e in Scotlan d i n s t itut ed

2 64 D OG S AN D ALL A B O UT T HE M

Th e Clyd esdal e may be d escrib ed as a n an omaly He stan ds .

as it w ere upo n a p ed estal of his own ; an d u n lik e oth er

Scotch t erri ers h e is classi fied as n on spo rti n g P erhaps his -
.

marv ellously fin e a n d S ilky coat p reclud es h im from t he rough

wo rk of h u n ti n g aft er v ermi n t h oug h it is c ertai n his gam e ,

lik e i n sti n cts would n atu rally l ead him to do so O f all t he .

Scottish dogs h e is p erhaps t h e small est his w eight s eldom

exc eedi n g 1 8 lb H e is thus d escrib ed by t h e Skye Terri er
.

Club of Scotlan d :
Gen era l A ppe aran c e —A lo n g low l ev el dog with h eavily frin g e d , , ,

ere ct e ars a n d a lo n g coat lik e t h e fi n est silk or spu n glass which han gs
, ,

quit e straigh t an d ev en ly do wn e ach sid e from a parti n g exten din g

from t h e n os e to t h e root of t h e tail H ea d—F airly lo n g sku ll fl at
,

.
,

a n d v ery n arr o w b et ween t h e e a rs gradually wid en i n g to wa rds th e ey e s ,

a n d tap eri n g v ery slightly to t h e n os e which must b e black T h e j aws

E yes—Me dium in siz e dar k in colou r n ot
.
,

s tr o n g a n d t h e t e eth l e v e l .
, ,

p romi n en t but havi n g a sha rp t erri er lik e exp ressio n ey elids black -

E ars—S mall s et v ery high on t h e top of t h e h e ad carri e d p erfe ctly

, , , .

, ,

e re ct a n d cov ere d with lo n g silky hair ha n gi n g in a h e avy f ri n g e do wn

B o d y—L o n g d eep in ch est well ribb e d up t h e
, ,

t h e sid es of t h e h ead
back b ei n g p er fe ctly l ev el T ail—P erfe ctly strai ght car ri e d almost
.
, , ,

l evel with t h e back a n d h e avily feath ered L egs —A s sho rt a n d

.
,

.
,

straight as possibl e well s et u n d er t h e body an d en tirely covered with

silky hair F eet rou n d an d cat lik e Co at —A s lo n g a n d strai ght as
, ,
-
. .

possibl e free from all trac e of our] or wavi n ess v ery glossy a n d silky
Colou r—A l ev e l
, ,

in t extu re with a n en tir e ab s en c e of u n d er coat

,
.
,

b right st eel blu e ext en di n g from t h e back of t h e h ead to t h e root of t h e

,

tail an d on n o accou n t i n t ermin gl e d with a n y fawn light or dark ha irs

, , .

T h e h e ad l e gs an d feet should b e a cl e ar b right gold en t an fre e from

, , , , ,

grey sooty or dark hai rs Th e tail should be v ery dark blu e or black
, ,
. .

Th e Clyd esdal e Terri er is rare at a n y rat e as rega rds t he ,

show b ench t h ere are n ever mo re than two or th ree at most

e xhibit ed south of t h e T w eed ev en wh en class es a re provid e d ,

at t h e big sho ws an d champio n ships o ff er ed thus i n di cati n g

-

that t he b reed is n ot a popular on e ; and amo n gst thos e

k en n els wh o do show th ere exists at t h e p res en t tim e but on e
dog who can lay claim to t he titl e of champio n this u n iqu e
sp ecim en is t he p rop erty of Sir Claud Al exan d er Bart of ,

B a llochmyle a n d is k n own und er t h e n am e of W ee Wa t t ie

, .

Th ere a re of cou rs e s ev eral fa n ci ers in Scotla n d amo n g whom ,

may be m entio n ed Mr G Shaw of G lasgow who is t he own er . .

, ,
 T HE C LY DE S DALE T E RR I ER 2 65

of s ev eral fin e m
ex am of t h
ese b ree d i n cludi
,
n g b eautiful San
Toy an d t h e e qually b eautiful Moza rt .

AS with t he Sky e Terri er it s eems a matt er of di fficulty

,

t o produc e a p erf ect Clyd esdal e a n d u n til t h e b reed is tak en

,

u p with mo re en ergy it is imp robabl e that first class dogs will

mak e an app earan c e in t h e S how ri n g A p erfect Clyd esdal e

.

should figure as on e of t he most el egan t of t he t erri er b reed

his lov ely silk en coat t he gold en b ro wn hue of h is fac e fri n g e
, ,

paws an d l egs his w ell p rick ed a n d f eath ery ear an d his

, ,

g en erally smart app earanc e should combi n e to fo rm a picture

exciti n g g en eral admi ration .
 C HA P TE R X L II
T HE YO R K SH I R E T E R RI E R

T HE most d evout lover of th is charmi n g an d b eautiful t erri er

would fail if h e w ere to att empt to claim for him t h e disti n ctio n
of d escen t from an tiquity B radfo rd a n d not Babylo n
.
, ,

was his earli est hom e a n d h e must be can di dly ackn owl edg ed
,

to be a v ery mod ern man ufactu red vari ety of t he dog Yet .

it is impo rtan t to rem emb er that it was in Yo rkshi re that

he was mad e— Yo rks h i re wh ere li v e t h e cl everest b reed ers
,

of dogs th at t h e wo rld has kn own .

On e can roug h ly reco n stitut e t h e p roc ess What t h e .

Yo rkshir em en d esi red to mak e for t h ems elves was a pigmy ,

prick cared t erri er with a lo n g silky silv ery gr ey a n d t a n

-
, ,

coat Th ey already poss ess ed t h e fo un datio n in t h e old

.

E n glis h Black a n d T a n wi re hai red Terri er

-
To l en gt h en t h e
.

coat of this wo rki n g b reed t h ey might very Well h av e had

re cou rs e to a cro s s with t h e prick eared Sky e a n d to -
,

elimi n at e t h e wi ry t e xtu re of t h e h ai r a fu rth er c ross

with t h e Malt es e dog would impart sof t n ess a n d silki n ess
wit h out reducin g t h e l en gth A gai n a cross wit h t he Clyd es
.
,

dal e wh ich was th en assumi n g a fix ed typ e would b ri n g t h e

, ,

vari ety y et n earer to t h e id eal a n d a ret urn to t h e black a n d

,

t a n would t en d to co n s erve t h e d esi re d colou r I n all pro .

babilit y t h e D a n di e D i n mo n t h ad som e s h a re in t h e proc ess .

E vid en c e of o rigi n is oft en to be fou n d mo re disti n c t ly in

puppi es than in t h e mature dog a n d it is to be n o t ed that
,

t h e puppi es of bot h t h e D a n di e a n d t h e Yo rkshi re a re bo rn with

d ecid ed black an d tan colou ri n g .

Th e o rigi n al b rok en hai red Yo rkshire Terri er of thi rty y e ars

-

2 66
2 68 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

Bo n es ought n ot to be giv en as t he act of gn awi n g th em is

,

a pt to ma r t h e b ea rd an d moustac h e F or t h e sam e re ason .

i t is w ell wh en possibl e to s erv e t h e food from t h e fin g ers .

But man y own ers us e a sort of mask or hood of elastic mat erial
whic h t h ey t ie ov er t h e dog s h ead at m eal tim es to hold back
’
-

t h e lo n g fac e fall a n d whiske rs that would oth erwis e be sm ea red

-
,

a n d sulli ed Similarly as a p rot ectio n for t h e coat wh en

.
,

th ere is an y ski n i rritation an d an i n cli n atio n to scratch li n en ,

o r cotto n stoc ki n gs a re wo rn upo n t h e hi n d f eet .

Man y exhibito rs p ret en d that th ey us e no dressi n g or very ,

littl e a n d this o n ly occasio n ally for t he j ackets of th eir

, ,

Yo rkshir e Terri ers ; but it is quit e c ertain that continuous

u s e of gr e as e of som e so rt is n ot o n ly advisabl e but ev en n eces s

ary O pi n io n s di ffer as to which is t he b es t cosm etic but

.
,

Hai rmero t he d ressi n g p repared for t h e purpos e by Miss

,

D Wilm er of Yoxfo rd Suffolk could not easily be imp rov ed

.
, , ,

u po n for this or any oth er lo n g coat e d b reed -

.

For t he full display of th ei r b eauty Yo rkshi re Terri ers ,

d ep en d v ery much upo n ca reful groomi n g It is o n ly by .

groomi n g that t h e silv ery cascad e of hai r down t he dog s ’

sid es a n d t h e b eautiful t a n fac e fall that fl ows like a rain of -

g old f rom his h e ad c a n be k ept p erf ectly straight and fr ee

from cu rl or wri n kl e a n d no gr eas e or pomad e even if th eir ,

us e w ere o ffi cially p ermitt ed could impart to t he coat t h e,

glist en i n g sh een that is giv en by t he d ext erous application of

t h e brush . Th e g entl e art of groomi n g is n ot to be taught
by th eo ry P ractic e is t he b est t each er But t he n ovic e
. .

may l ea rn much by obs ervi n g t he d eft m ethods employ ed

by a n exp ert exhibito r .

Mr P et er E d en of Man ch est er is g en erally c redi t ed with

.
, ,

b ein g t h e actual i n v en to r of t he Yo rkshi re T erri er He .

wa s c ertai n ly on e of t he ea rli est b reed ers a n d own ers and his ,

c el ebrat ed A lb ert was o n ly on e of t he man y a d mi rabl e S p eci

m en s with wh ich h e co n vi n c ed th e public of t h e charms of this
v ari ety of dog He may hav e giv en t h e br eed its first im
.

p uls e ,
but M rs M A .Fost er of B radfo rd was f or ma n y y ears
. .
, ,
 THE Y OR KS H I RE T ERR I E R 69

t he h ead c en t re of all th a t p ertai n ed t o t he Yo rkshi re

an d

T erri er a n d it wa s u n doubt e dly s h e w h o rais e d t h e va ri et y to

,

its high est poi n t of p erfectio n Her dogs were i n va riably good in .

typ e S he n ever exhibit ed a bad on e a n d her Hudd ers fi el d B en

.
, ,

Toy Sma rt B right San dy T ed B ra d fo rd H ero B radfo rd

, , , , ,

—
Mari e and B radfo rd Qu een t h e last b ei n g a bitch weig h i n g
,

o n ly 2 4 oz are rem emb ered for t h ei r u n ifo rm exc ell en ce

.
-
.

O f mo re recen t exampl es that hav e app roach ed p erfec t io n

may be m en tio n ed Mrs Walto n s Ashto n Ki n g Qu een a n d .
’

, ,

Bright a n d her Mo n t Thabo r D uc h ess Mr Mi t c h ell s

, . .
’

W estb rook Fred h as d es erv e dly won ma n y ho n ou rs a n d Mr , .

Firms t on e s G ra n d D uk e a n d My n d D amaris a n d Mrs Sin

’
.
,

clai r s Ma s cus Sup erbus stan d high in t he estimatio n of exp ert

’

j udg es of t h e b reed P erhaps t h e most b eautiful bitch ev er .

sho wn wa s W av el ess t h e p rop erty of Mrs R Mars h all t h e , . .

,

o wn er of an ot h er adm i rabl e bitch in Littl e Pictu re Mrs W . . .

Sha w s C h S n ei n to n Am et h yst is also an admi rabl e sp ecim en

’
. .

Th e sta n da rd of poi n ts laid down by t h e Yo rkshi re Terri er

Club is as follows
Gen er al Appearan c e —T hat of a lo n g coat ed p et dog t h e coat han gin g -
,

quit e straight an d ev en ly do wn each sid e a partin g ext en di n g from t h e ,

n os e to t h e en d of t h e tail T h e a n imal should b e v ery compact a n d .

n e at his ca rri a g e b ei n g v ery sp rightly

, b eari n g a n a ir of impo rtan c e .

A lthough t h e fram e is h idd en b en e ath a ma n tl e of hair t h e g en eral ,

outli n e should b e such as to suggest t h e exist en c e of a vigo rous a n d

well p ropo rtio n e d body
-
H ea d—S hould b e rath er small a n d fl at n ot
.
,

too p romin en t or rou n d in t h e skull rath er b road at t h e muzzl e with ,

a p erfe ctly black n os e t h e hair on t h e muzzl e v ery lo n g which should ,

b e a rich d eep t a n n ot sooty or grey

, Un d er t h e chin lo n g hai r
, .
, ,

about t h e sam e colou r as on t h e cro wn of t h e h ead wh ich s h ould b e a ,

b right gold en t a n a n d n ot on a n y accou n t in t ermi n gl ed with da rk or

, ,

sooty hai rs H a irs on t h e sid es of t h e h ead should b e v ery lo n g of a

.
,

f ew shad es d eep er t a n than th at on t h e top of t h e h e ad esp e cially about

E yes—Medium in siz e da rk in colou r havi n g a sha rp
,

t h e ear roots -
.
, , ,

i n t elligen t exp ressio n a n d plac e d so as to look directly fo rward T h ey

, .

should n ot b e p romin en t T h e edg es of t h e ey elids should b e dark

E ars—S mall V shap e d a n d ca rri e d s emi ere ct cov ere d with sho rt hair
. .

- -

colou r to b e a d eep rich t a n Mou t h—Good ev en mouth ; t eeth as

, , ,

sou n d as possibl e A dog havi n g lost a tooth or t wo th rough accid en t

.
,

or oth erwis e is n ot to disqualify p rovidi n g t h e j a ws a re ev en

, B o dy , .

Very compact with a good loi n a n d l ev e l on t h e top of t h e back

Coat—Th e hair as lo n g a n d as st raight as possibl e ( n ot wavy ) should
.
, ,

, ,
2 70 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

be glossy lik e silk ( n ot woolly) ext en di n g from t h e back of t h e h ead

, ,

to t h e root of t h e tail colou r a b right st eel blu e a n d on n o accou n t

, ,

i n t ermi n gl e d with fawn light or dark hai rs All t an should b e dark er

, .

at t h e roots tha n at t h e middl e of t h e hai rs shadin g off to a still light er

—
,

t an at t h e tips
. L e g s % uit e st raight should b e of a b right gold en t a n
, ,

well cov ere d with hai r a f ew shad e s light er at t h e e n d tha n at t h e roots

— —
.
,

F ee t A s rou n d as possibl e ; t o e-
n ails black T ail
. Cu t to m edium
l en gth ; with pl en ty of hai r da rk er blu e t h a n t h e re st of t h e body
, ,

e sp e cially at t h e en d of t h e tail which is ca rri ed slightly high er tha n t h e

l eve l of t h e b ack W ei gh t—D ivid ed in to t wo class es ; u n d er 5 lb an d
,

. .

ov er 5 lb to 1 2 lb
. .
 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M

But in a n y cas e t h e Pom eran ian dog so call ed has b een a , ,

native of va ri ous parts of E u rop e from v ery early tim es His .

adv en t i n to E n gla n d h as b een of compa rativ ely rec en t dat e ,

at l east in an y great n umb ers so far as can be asc ertai n ed , ,

si n c e n o an ci en t reco rds exist on this qu estio n G ai n sborough .

,

howev er pain t ed t h e famous act ress Mrs R obi n so n with a

, , .
,

la rg e whit e Pom era n ia n sitti n g by h er sid e .

I n R ees E n cy clop e di a pub lish ed in I 8 I 6 a good pictu re

’
, ,

of a whit e Pom eran ian is giv en with a fai rly t ruthful d es

cript ion I n this wo rk h e is said to be larg er than t he %
.

”
R ees giv es his n am e as Ca ms P omer
'

commo n sh eep dog .

a mu s from Li n n aeus an d Chien L oup from Buffo n From

’

.
, , ,

th es e exampl es th erefo re we may i n fer that t he larg e Pom er

, ,

a mian or Wolf Spitz was al ready kn own in E n glan d towards

, ,

t he en d of t he eight een th c en tu ry at l east Th ere a re how .

,

ev er n o syst ematic regist ers of Pom era n ia n s p rio r to t h e y ear

,

1 870 .

E v en t en y ears lat er than this last dat e so littl e was t he ,

breed app reciat ed that a w ell k n own writ er on dogs b egan an

-

articl e on t he Pom era n ia n with t he wo rds Th e Pom eran ian

is admitt edly on e of t he l eas t i n t eresti n g dogs in exist en c e ,

an d co n s equ en tly his suppo rt ers are few an d far

”
b etw een .

Th e fou n d ers of t he K en n el Club h eld th ei r fir st dog show

in 1 8 7 0 a n d in that y ea r o n ly th ree Pom eranians w er e exhi
,

bit ed For t h e n ext tw en ty years littl e or n o p erman en t

.

in creas e occu rred in t h e n umb ers of Pom eran ian s en t ered at

t h e chi ef dog s h o w in E n gla n d Th e la rg est en t ry took plac e
.

in 1 88 1 wh en th ere w ere fi ft een

,
but in 1 8 90 th ere was n ot a
si n gl e Pom eran ian shown From this tim e howev er t he
.
, ,

numb ers rapidly i n creas ed Comm en ci n g in 1 8 9 1 with

.

fou rt een i n cr easi n g in 1 9 0 1 to sixty it culminat ed in 1 90 5

, ,

with t he reco rd n umb er of on e hu n dred a n d twen ty fiv e -

.

Such a rapid advan c e b etw een t he y ears 1 8 90 a n d 1 90 5 is

u n prec ed en t ed in t h e histo ry of dog shows although it is ,

right to add that this ext rao rdi n a ri ly rapid ris e into popularity
 T H E P O M E R A N IAN 2 73

has si n c e b een equall ed in t h e cas e of t he n ow fashio n abl e

P eki n es e .

Thi s t en d en cy to adva n c em en t in public favou r wa s con

t empora n eous with t he fo rmatio n of t he Pom eran ian Club of
E n glan d which was fou n d ed in 1 8 9 1 a n d throug h its fost eri n g
, ,

ca re t he Pom eran ia n has reach ed a h eight of popula rity f a r in

advan c e of that att ai n ed by a n y oth er breed of toy dog .

On e of t h e first acts of t h e club was to d raw up a sta n dard of

poi n ts as follows
A ppearan ce —T h
om eran ian should b e a compact sho rt coupl ed
e P ,

dog well k n it in fr am e H e should exhibit great i n t elligen ce in his

, .

exp ressio n a n d activity a n d buoya n cy in his d epo rtm en t H ea d an d

Nos e—S hould b e foxy in outlin e or wedg e shap ed t h e skull b ei n g
.
,
-
,

slightly fl at large in p ropo rtio n to t h e muzzl e which should fi n ish

, ,

r ath er fi n e a n d fr ee from lippi n ess T h e t eeth should b e l ev el an d .

,

should o n n o accou n t b e u n d ershot T h e hair on t h e h ead an d fac e .

should b e smooth a n d sho rt coat ed T h e n os e should b e black in - .

whit e o ra n g e an d s abl e dogs but in oth er colou rs may b e s elf but

E ars—S hould b e small n ot s et too f a r
, ,

n e v er parti colou r or whit e -

.
,

ap art n or too low do wn but c arri ed p erfectly erect lik e thos e of a fox
, , ,

an d lik e t h e h ead should b e cov ered with sho rt soft hai r E yes
, , , .

S hould b e m e dium in siz e n ot full n or s et too wid e apart b ri ght an d , , ,

dark in colou r sho wi n g great in t elligen c e in whit e shad ed sabl e or

, , ,

o ran ge dogs t h e rims rou n d t h e eyes should b e black Neck a n d B od y .

- T h e n e ck should b e rath er sho rt well s et in T h e back must b e sho rt , .

an d t h e body compact b ei n g well ribb e d up a n d t h e barrel well rou n d ed

,
.

T h e ch est must b e fai rly d eep an d n ot too wid e but in p ropo rtio n to t h e
siz e of th e dog Legs —Th e fo re l egs must b e well feath ered p erfectly
,
-
.
,

strai ght of m edium l en gth an d n ot such as would be t erme d l eggy

, ,

or low o n leg but in d u e p ropo rtio n in l en gth a n d st ren gth to a

,

well balan c ed frame

-
Must b e fi n e in bo n e an d fr ee in actio n
. The .

hi n d l egs a n d thighs must b e well feath ered n eith er co n t ract ed n or

-
,

wi d e b ehi n d t h e feet small an d compact in shap e S hould ers should

Ta il—T h e tail is on e of t he char act eristics
.

b e cl e an an d well lai d back

, .

of t h e b reed an d should b e tu rn e d ov er t h e back a n d carri ed fl at an d

,

straigh t b ein g p rofus ely cov ere d with lo n g har sh sp readin g hair
Coa t —T h ere should b e t wo coats a n u n d ercoat a n d a n ov er coat
.
, , ,

the ,

o n e a soft fl uffy u n d ercoat t h e oth er a lo n g p erf ectly st rai ght coat , , ,

harsh in t exture cov eri n g t h e whol e of t h e body b ei n g v ery abu n dan t

, ,

r oun d t h e n e ck an d fo re pa rt of t h e should ers a n d ch est wh ere it should

fo rm a frill of p rofus e stan di n g off straigh t hair ext en din g ov er th e ,

sho uld ers T h e hi n d quart ers should b e clad with lo n g hair or feath er
-

Col our—A ll whol e colou rs

.

in g fr om t h e top of t h e rump to t h e hock

, .

are admissib l e but th ey should b e free from whit e or sha di n gs an d t h e

, ,

whit es must b e quit e fre e from l emo n or a n y oth er colou r A f ew .

whit e hairs in a n y of t h e s elf colours shall n ot n ec e ssa rily disqualify

At p res en t t h e whol e colou re d dogs are —W hit e bl a ck b ro wn ( li ght
.

, ,

8
2 74 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
or d ark) blu e ( as pal e a s p ossibl e) o ran ge ( which s hould be as d eep an d
, ,

e v en in colou r as possibl e) b e av er or cream D ogs oth er than white

, , .
, ,

with white foot or feet le g or l egs are d ecid edly obj e ctio n abl e an d
, ,

should b e discou rag ed a n d can n ot comp et e as whol e colou red sp ecim en s

, .

I n parti colou re d dogs t h e colour s should b e even ly distribut e d on th e

-

body in patch es a dog with whit e or t a n feet or ch est would n ot b e a

p arti colou r S had ed s abl es should b e shad ed th roughout with three
-
.

or mo re colou rs t h e hai rs to b e as
, u n ifo rmly shad ed as possibl e ,

with n o patch es of s elf colou r I n mix e d class es wh ere whol e coloure d

.

an d par ti coloured P om era n ian s comp et e tog eth er t h e p referen ce

-
,

should if in oth er poi n ts th ey a re equal b e given to t h e W hol e coloured

, ,

sp ecim en s W h ere classificatio n is n ot by colou rs t h e follo wi n g is

r e comm en d ed f or adoptio n by sho w committ ee s —1
.

N ot exc eed in g
,

7 lb ( P om eran ia n Mi n iatu res )

. 2 E xc ee din g 7 lb ( P om era n i an s )
. . . .

3 P om era n i an s a n d P om era n ia n Min iatu res mix e d

. .

The a ly typ e of a Pom era n ian was that of a dog varying

e r

from I O lb or 1 2 lb w eight up to 2 0 lb weight or even mo re

. . .
, ,

a n d som e few of about 1 2 lb a n d ov er a re still to be met with .

but t he t end en cy am o n g pr es ent day b reed ers is to get th em -

as small as possible so that dimi n utiv e sp ecim ens weighing,

l ess than 5 lb a re now quit e common and a lways fetch high er

.
,

pric es than t h e h eavi er o n es The dividi n g w eight as arranged .

,

som e t en years ago by t he Pom eranian Club is 8 lb and t he , .

,

K en n el Club has rec en tly divid ed t he breed i n to two class es

of Pom eran ian s an d Pom eran ians Mi n iature .

As a rul e t he whit e specim en s a d h ere more n early to t he

primitiv e typ e a n d a re g en erally ov er 8 lb in weight but
, .
,

through t he ex ertion s of man y b reed ers s everal a re now to be ,

s een u n d er this limit .

The principal b reed ers of this colou r in E n gla n d to d ay a re -

Miss Hamilton of R oz elle Miss Ch ell Miss L ee R ob erts Mrs , ,

-
,
.

Pope an d Mrs G oodall Copes ta k e The first two whit es to

,
.
-
.

b ecom e full champions und er K en n el Club rules were R ob of

R oz elle and K on ig of R o zell e both b elo n gi n g to Miss Hamilton ,

of R oz ell e .

Mo re black Pom eran ians have b een bred in E n gland than of

any oth er colou r and during t he las t fi ft een years t he n umb er
,

of good sp ecim en s that have appea red at our gr eat exhi bitions
has b een l egion Th er e do not s eem to be so man y rea lly
.

good o n es to day as h eretofore ; this is explai n ed p erhaps

-
, ,
2 76 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

is a typical exampl e of a small Pom era n ian of this colou r He .

wa s b red by Mr Hi rst by Littl e Nipp er ex L au rel Flufii e

.
, ,

a n d scal es o n ly 4% 1b M en tio n s hould also be made of Mis s

.

Iv es D rago n Fly Mrs B out ch er s L ady Wolfin o Miss Blan d s

’
, .
’

,
’

Marlan d Topaz Mr Walt er Wi n an s Mo rni n g Light and Mr

, .
’
,
.

Fowl er s May D uch ess

’
.

The blu es or smok e colou red Pom eran ian s hav e li k ewi s e
,
-
,

th ei r admi rers a n d amo n g th os e who hav e tak en up th es e as

,

a S p eciality may be m en tion ed Mi s s Iv es Mrs Pa rk er Mrs , .

,
.

L oy a n d Miss R uby Cook e

, .

An oth er colour which has attain ed of lat e years increasi n g

popularity in E n glan d is ora n g e Th es e should be self .

coloured throughout an d light shadi n gs though not dis , ,

qualifyi n g should be discou rag ed The principal breed er of

, .

t h e ora n g e Pom era ni an to day is Mr W B rown of R al eigh -

. .
, ,

E ss ex who has p robably mor e sp ecim ens in his k enn els tha n
,

an y oth er b reed er of this colour Ti n y Boy The Boy a n d .

, ,

O ran ge Boy a re his b est and all three a re approved sires ,

.

Mrs H all Walk er is an admi rer of this colour a n d her Ga t eacre

.
-
,

Philan d er Lupi n o and O ran ge G i rl a re gr eat priz e wi n n ers

, ,
-
.

”
Miss Hamilto n of R oz ell e has for man y years bred orang es ,

and has given to t h e Pom eran ian Club of which she is Presi ,

d en t two chall enge cups for Pom eran ian s of this colou r
,
.

Mrs Birch als ois a lover of this hue and po s s ess es such good
.
,

dogs as R ufus R usticus and Cheriwin kle .

Th ere rs still a n oth er vari ety which b ears t he n am e of parti

colou red A s t he n am e impli es th ese dogs must be of mo re
.
,

than on e colour a n d t he colours should be ev en ly dist ri but ed

,

on t h e body in patch es ; f or exampl e a black dog with a ,

whit e foot or leg or ch est would n ot be a parti — colour A s a .

matt er of fact th ere have b een b red in E n gland very few parti
,

coloured Pom eran ians th ey s eem to be freaks which a re rarely

produc ed It do es n ot follo w that by mati n g a black dog to a
.

whit e bitch or vi ce vers a a pa rti colou re d will be n ec essari ly

, ,
-

obtain ed ; on t he contrary it is mo re li k ely that t he litt er ,

will co n sist of som e whol e coloured blacks and som e whol e -

,
 THE P O M ERAN I AN 2 77

colou red whit es Miss Hamilto n

s Mafeking of R oz ell e
’
.
,

a n d Mrs Val e Nicola s s Sh elton N ov elty a re t he two most

’
.
,

p romi n en t sp ecim en s at t he p res en t tim e although Mrs , .

Ha rcou rt Clare s Magpi e a n d Mr Templ e s L ey s wood Tom Tit

’ ’
-
.

w ere p erhaps b ett er k n own som e tim e ago .

Am o n g toy dogs thi s particular b reed has enj oy ed an u m

pr ec ed en t ed popularity ; t h e growth in t he public favou r
am o n g all class es has b een gradual and p erman en t duri n g t h e

last fift een y ears a n d th ere are n o sign s t hat it is losi n g its
,

hold on t he love a n d affectio n of a larg e s ectio n of t he E n glish

p eopl e His han dsom e app earan c e his activity a n d har di
.
, ,

hood his d evot ed n ess to his own er his us efuln ess as a hous e
, ,

dog and his man y oth er admirabl e qualiti es will always mak e
,

t h e Pom era n ia n a favou rit e both in t h e cottag e an d in t h e

p alac e .
 C HA PTE R X L IV
T HE K I NG C HA R L E S SP A N I E L S

I N t he fo urth chapt er of Macaulay s H%story of E ngla n d ’

we r ea d of King Charl es II that he might be s een b efo re t h e

.

d ew was off t h e grass n St J am es s Park stri ding am o n g t h e

’
i .
,

t rees playing with his Span i els and fli ngi n g corn to his ducks ,

and th es e exhi bitio n s end eared him to th e common p eopl e ,

who always lik e to s ee t he great u n b end .

Qu een E lizab eth s physician D r Caius d escrib ed th es e

’
, .
,

littl e Spani els as d eli cat e n eat e and pretty kind of d ogges
, , ,

”
call ed t he Spani el g en tl e or t he comfort er and fu rth er s ai d ,

Th es e d ogges are littl e pretty prop er a n d fyn e an d so ught

, , , ,

for to s a t is fie th e d elicat en es s e of d ai n t ie dam es and wanton

wom en s wills instrum ents of folly for th em to play an d dally
’
,

wit h all to t ry fl e away t he treasu re of tim e to withdraw th eir

, ,

min d es from th eir comm en dabl e ex ercis es Th es e puppi es the .

small er th ey be t he mo re pl easu re th ey p rovok e as more meet e

,

p yla fellow es for mi n sing m is t ris s es to b ea re in th eir bosoms ,

to k eepe company wit hall in th ei r chamb ers to succour wi th ,

s leep e in bed an d n ouris he wi t h m eat e at board to l

,
ie in th eir ,

lapp es a n d lick e th eir lipp es as th ey ryd e in th eir waggons

, ,

and good reaso n it should be so for cours en es s e with fyn en es s e

,

hath n o fellowship but feat n es s e with n ea t n es s e hath n eigh

,

”
bourhood enough .

Th ere would app ear to be much div ergen c e of opinion

as to t he origi n of this br eed and th e dat e of its first app ear
,

anc e in E n gland but it was c ertainly acclimatis ed h ere

,

as early as t he reign of Hen ry VIII a n d it is gen erally thought.

,

that it is of J apan es e origi n tak en from J apan to Spain by

,

2 78
2 80 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

ancestral poi n ts Although this vari ety is of t he sam e family

.
,

a n d has t he sam e n am e as th e sho rt n os ed Bl en h eim of

,
-

t h e pr es en t day th ere is a gre at d eal of di fferen c e b etween t he

,

t wo typ es Th e Marlborough is high er on t he l egs which

.
,

n eed n ot be so fully f eath ered He has a much lo n g er muzzl e.

a n d a fl att er a n d mo re co n t ract ed skull Th e Ma rlbo rough .

poss ess es man y of t h e att ribut es of a spo rti n g Span i el but

so also do es t he mod ern Bl en h eim although p erh aps in a ,

l ess er d egr ee He has a v ery good sc en t Mr R awdo n B

. . . .

L ee stat es that t h e Bl en h eims of Ma rlbo rough w ere exc ell en t

dogs to wo rk t he cov erts for cock an d ph easant a n d that ,

e xc epti n g in colou r th ere is in r eality n ot much di ff eren c e

in app ea ra n c e b etw een t h e old er o ran g e a n d whit e dogs ( n ot

as th ey a re to day with th ei r ab n o rmally sho rt n os es ro un d
-
, ,

skulls a n d en o rmous eyes ) a n d t h e liver a n d whit e Cock ers

, ,

which H B C h alo n d rew for D an i el s R ural S p orts in 1 80 1

. .
’
.

This will b ea r out t he stat em en t that t h e small er typ e of

Span i el may be d esc en d ed from t he Cock ers .

Th e ground colou r of this dog is whit e with ch est n ut ,

en ci rcli n g t h e e ars to t h e muzzl e t he sid es of t he n eck a re ,

ch est n ut as are also t h e e ars Th ere is a whit e bl az e on t he

, .

foreh ead in t he c en t re of which should be a cl ear loz enge

,

shap ed ch est n ut spot ca ll ed t he b eauty S pot which by in

, ,

breedi n g with oth er vari eti es is fast b ei n g lost Ch est n ut .

marki n gs a re on t he body and on t he sid es of t he hi n d l egs -

.

The coat should i n cli n e to be cu rly t he h ead must be fl at ,

n ot b road and t h e muzzl e should be st raight

, Th e ch est n ut .

should be of a rich colou r .

Th e four vari eti es—t h e Ki n g C h a rl es Tricolou r or ( as he has ,

b een call ed ) Cha rles I Spani el t he mod ern Bl en h eim and t he

.
, ,

—
R uby hav e all t he sam e poi n t s di fferi n g from on e an oth er in ,

colour o n ly a n d t he follo wi n g d escriptio n of t he poi n ts as

,

d et ermi n ed by t he Toy Span i el Club s erv es for all

H eadfl Sh ould b e well dom ed a n d in good sp ecim en s is absolutely
,

s emi glo bular som etim es even exten din g b eyo n d t h e h alf ci rcl e a n d
-
,
-
,

p roj ectin g over t h e eyes so as n early to m eet t h e uptu rn ed n os e E y es

, .
 THE K I NG C HARLE S S PAN I EL S 281

—
Th ys e e e a re s et wid e
apa rt with t h e ey elids square to t h e lin e of t h e
,

face n ot obliqu e or fox lik e T h e ey es th ems elve s are la rge an d dark

,
-
.
,

as possibl e so as to b e gen erally co n sid ere d black th ei r en o rmous

, ,

pupils which are absolutely of that colou r i n creasin g t h e d escriptio n

, , .

T h ere is always a c ertai n amou n t of we epi n g sho wn at t h e i n n er an gl es

S to p —Th e
.

T his is o wi n g to a d e fe ct in t h e lach rymal duct stop .

or hollo w b e tween t h e ey e s is well mar k e d as in t h e B ulldog or ev en , ,

mo re so som e good sp e cim en s exhibit a hollo w d eep en ough to bu ry

a small marbl e Nos e—T h e n os e must b e sho rt a n d well tu rn e d up
.

b etwe en t h e ey es an d without a n y i n dicatio n of artificial displacem en t

,

affo rd e d by a d eviatio n to eith er sid e Th e colou r of t h e en d should .

b e black a n d it should b e both d eep a n d wid e with O p en n ost rils

,
.

J a w T h e muzzl e must b e square a n d d eep a n d t h e lo wer j aw wid e

-
,

b etwe en t h e b ran ch es l e avi n g pl en ty of space f or t h e to n gu e a n d

, ,

f or t h e attachm en t of t h e lo wer lips which should compl et ely co n c eal ,

”
t h e t eeth I t should also be tu rn ed up or fi n ish ed so as to allo w of
.
,

its m eeti n g th e en d of t h e upp er j aw tu rn ed up in a similar way as abov e

E a rs —
,

d escrib e d T h e ea rs must b e lo n g so as to app roach t h e grou n d

.
, .

I n a n av erag e siz e d dog th ey m easu re t wen ty in ch es from tip to tip

-
,

a n d som e re ach twen ty t wo i n ch es or e v en a t ri fl e mo re

-
T h ey should , .

b e s et low on t h e h e ad ha n g fl at to t h e sid e s of t h e ch eeks a n d b e

, ,

h eavily feath ered I n this last resp e ct t h e K i n g Cha rl es is exp e cte d to

.

e xc ee d th e B l en h eim a n d his ear s occasio n ally e xt en d to t wen ty four -

i n ch es S i ze—T h e most d esi rabl e siz e is i n dicat e d by t h e acc epte d

,

S h a pe—I n compact n ess of shap e th es e

.

weight of from 7 lb to 1 0 1h . .

S pan i els almost rival t h e P u g but t h e l en gth of coat adds g reatly ,

to th e appa ren t bulk as t h e bo dy wh en t h e coat is wette d looks

, , ,

sm all in ”compa riso n with that dog S till it ought to b e d ecid e dly .
,

cobby with stro n g stout l e gs sho rt b road back a n d wid e ch est

, , , .

T h e symm et ry of t h e K in g Char l es is of im po rtan c e but it is s eldom

that th ere is a n y d efe ct in this resp e ct Co a t —
,

Th e coat should b e .

lo n g silky soft a n d wa v y but n ot cu rly I n t h e B l en h eim th ere

, , , .

should b e a p rofus e m an e e xten di n g well do wn in t h e fro n t of t h e

,

ch est T h e fe ath er should b e well displayed on t h e e a rs an d feet an d

.
,

in t h e latt er cas e so thickly as to give t h e app ear a n c e of th eir b ein g

webb e d I t is also carri e d well up t h e b acks of t h e l e gs I n t h e B lack
. .

an d T a n t h e f e ath er on t h e e a rs is v ery lo n g an d p rofus e e xc eedi n g that ,

o f t h e B l en h eim by a n i n ch or mo re Th e f eath er on t h e tail ( which .

is cut to t h e l en gth of three a n d a half to fou r i n ch es ) should b e silky

a n d from fi v e to six i n ch es in l en gth co n stitutin g a m ark e d flag ,

o f a squa re shap e a n d n ot carri e d abov e th e l ev el of t h e back Colou r

— , .

T h e colou r diff ers with t h e var i e ty Th e B lack a n d T a n is a rich .

glossy black an d d eep mah ogan y t a n t an spots ov er t h e eyes an d t h e ,

usual marki n gs on t h e muzzl e ch est a n d l egs are also re quired Th e , , .

R uby is a rich ch est n ut red a n d is whol e colou re d T h e p res en ce of a

,
-
.

f ew whit e hairs in termixed with the bla ck on t h e ch est of a B lack a n d

T an or in termixed with the red on t h e ch est of a R uby S pa n i el sh all
, ,

ca rry weight aga in s t a dog but shall n ot in its elf absolut ely disquali fy
,

but a whit e patch on t h e ch est or whi t e on a n y oth er part of a B lack

a n d T a n or R uby S pa n i el shall b e a di squalificatio n T h e B l en h eim .

must on n o accou n t b e whol e colou red but should hav e a groun d of -

,
 2 82 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
pu re p early white with b right rich ch estn ut or ruby red markin gs
,

ev en ly dist ribut e d in lar g e patch es T h e ea rs an d ch e eks should b e

.

red with a blaz e of whit e ext en din g from t h e n os e up t h e f oreh ead a n d

, ,

en di n g b e twe en t h e ears in a cresc en tic cu rv e I n t h e cen tre of this .

blaz e at t h e top of t h e fo reh ead th ere should be a cl e ar spot of red ,

of t h e siz e of a sixp en ce T an tick s on t h e fo re l egs an d on t h e wh ite

.
-

muzzl e are d esirabl e Th e T ricolou r should in part have t h e t a n of t h e

.

B lack a n d T an with marki n gs lik e t h e B l en h eim in black in st e ad

,

of re d on a p early white grou n d Th e e ars a n d u n d er t h e tail should

-
.

”
also b e li n ed with t an T h e T ricolou r has n o
. spot that b eauty b ein g ,

p eculiarly t h e p rop erty of t h e B l en h eim T h e All R ed K in g Charl es .

is kn o wn by t h e n am e of R uby S pan i el th e colou r of t h e n os e is

black T”h e poi n ts of t h e R uby are t h e sam e as thos e of th e B lack
.

an d T a n differi n g o nly in colour

, .

The Ki n g Charl es vari ety us ed to consist of black and tan

and black an d whit e Span i els and it is thought that by t he
,

int er breedi n g of t he two sp ecim ens t he Tricolour was pro

-

d uced Th e colour of t he Ki n g Charl es now is a glossy black

.

with rich mahogan y t a n spots ov er t he eyes and on th e

ch eeks Th ere should als o be som e tan on t he l egs an d und er
.

t h e t ai l .

Th e Princ e Charl es or Tricolo ur should hav e a p early whit e

, ,
-

ground with glossy black marki n gs ev en ly dis tribut ed ov er

t he body in patch es Th e ears sh ould be lin ed with tan
.

tan must also be s een ov er t he eyes a n d som e on t he ch eeks , .

U nd er t he tail also t an must app ear .

Th e Bl en h eim must also have a p early whit e ground wi t h -

bright rich ch est n ut or ruby red marki n gs ev en ly distribut ed

in patch es ov er t h e body The ears a n d ch eeks must be red
.
,

and a whi t e blaz e should stretch from t he n os e to t he fo reh ead

and th en c e in a curv e b etween t he ears I n t he middl e of t he .

foreh ead th ere should be on t he whit e blaz e a cl ear red spot

, ,

about t h e siz e of a sixp en c e This is calle d t he Blen h eim

.

spot whi ch as w ell as t he profus e man e adds gr eatly to t he

, , ,

b eauty of this p articular Toy Span i el Un fortunat ely in a .

,

litt er of Blen h eims t he S pot is oft en wantin g .

The R uby Span i el is of on e colour a ri ch unbrok en red , , .

The n os e is black Th er e are now som e v ery b eautiful sp eci

.

m ens of R uby Spani els but it is o n ly withi n t he last quart er of

,
2 84 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

a nd do n ot yap co n ti n ually wh en st ran g ers go i n to a room

wh ere th ey a re or at oth er tim es as is t h e habit with som e
, ,

b reeds of toy dogs .

T h os e wh o hav e o n c e had Ki n g Charl es Span i els as p e ts

s eldom ca re to replac e th em by a n y oth er va ri ety of dog ,

feari n g l est th ey might n ot fin d in a n oth er b reed such en gaging

littl e fri en ds a n d compan io n s gen tle as of yo re a n d al s o ,

”
comfort ers .

A lthough th es e dogs n eed care; th ey poss ess great powers of

e ndu ra n c e .Th ey app reciat e warmth an d comfo rt but do not ,

thrive so well in eith er ext rem e h eat or i n t en s e cold On e .

thin g to be avoid ed is t h e wetti n g of th eir feath ered feet or

.
, ,

s hould this happ en allowi n g th em to remai n so , a n d as in ,

t he cas e of all dogs with lo n g ea rs t he i n t erior of t he ea rs ,

S hould be c a r e fully k ept d ry to avoid t h e risk of ca n k er .

I n goi n g back to a p eriod lo n g b efo re t h e last c en tu ry was

h alf way through we fin d that a great numb er of th es e o rn a
-
,

m en tal p ets w ere in t he ha n ds of wo rki n g men livi n g in t he

E ast E n d of L o n do n a n d t h e comp etitio n amo n g th em to
,

o wn t h e b est was v ery k een Th ey h eld mi n iatu re dog S ho ws

.

at small tav ern s a n d parad ed th ei r dogs on t he sand ed fl oo r

,

o f tap rooms th ei r o wn ers sitti n g a rou n d smoki n g lo n g church

-
,

ward en pip es Th e valu e of good sp ecim en s in thos e early

.

d ays app ears to hav e b een from £5 to £ 2 5 0 which latt er sum ,

i s said to hav e b een r efus ed by a comparativ ely poor ma n for

a small black a n d t an with v ery lo n g ea rs an d a n os e much ,

too lo n g for our pr es en t day fan cy Amo n g t h e n am es of some

-
.

o ld promi n ent b reed ers a n d exhibito rs may be m entio n ed tho se

o f C Ais t rop J G arwood J A Buggs a n d Mrs Ford er

.
, .
, . .
, . .

It is i n t erestin g to n ot e on looki n g over a catalogu e of t he

,

K enn el Club Show that in 1 884 t h e class es for Toy Spani els
,

n umb ered fi v e with two champio n ship priz es

, on e ea ch for ,

Blen h eims an d Black a n d Ta n s a n d t he total en t ri es were 1 9 , .

A t this dat e n eith er Tricolours n or R ubi es were reco gn is ed as

a s epa rat e va ri ety by t he K en n el Cub a n d th ey had n o p la ce ,

i n t h e r egist er of br eeds until t h e y ea r 1 90 2 A t t he K enn el .

 T H E K I NG C HARLE S SPAN I EL S 285

Club S how in 1 90 4 thi rty on e class es w ere provid ed a n d eight -

challen g e c erti ficat e p riz es were given t h e en tri es n umb eri n g ,

1 0

T
h efo rmatio n of t he Toy Span i el Club in 1 885 and t he ,

imp etus giv en to b reed ers an d exhibitors by t h e n um erou s

S hows with good classificatio n hav e caus ed this b eautiful ,

b reed to b ecom e more popular year by year Fifty y ears a go .

t h e o wn ers might be almost cou n t ed on t h e fin g ers of o n e s

’

han ds n ow probably t h e days of t he year would hardly cov er

th em .

Amo n g t he most succ essful exhibito rs of lat e yea rs have

b een t h e Hon Mrs McL a ren Morriso n t h e Hon Mrs Lytto n
. .
, . .
,

Mrs G rav es Mrs L H Thompso n Miss You n g Mrs H B

.
, . . .
, , . . .

Look er Mrs Priv ett e Miss Hall t he Miss es Clarkso n an d

, .
, ,

G ran tham Mrs D ean Mr H Taylo r Mrs Bright Mrs

, .
, . .
, .
, .

A damso n Miss Spo ffo rth Mrs Hop e Pat erso n Mrs L ydi a
, , .
, .

J en ki n s a n d Miss E Taylo r
, . .

Th e n ovic e fan ci er d esi rous of b reeding for p ro fi t exhibitio n

, , ,

or pl easu re wh en p ri c e is an obj ect for co n sid eratio n is oft en

, ,

b ett er advis ed to pu rchas e a h ealthy puppy from a b reed er of

reput e rath er th a n to be d elud ed with t h e n otio n that a good

adult can be pu rchas ed for a few pou n ds or to be carri ed away ,

with t he id ea that a ch eap i n di ff eren tly b red S p ecim en will ,

produc e firs t class stock It tak es years to b reed out bad

-
.

poi n ts but good blood will t ell

, .

Wh en you are pu rchasi n g a bitch with t he i n t en tio n of

b reedi n g man y i n quiri es should be mad e as to t he stock from
,

which S h e com es This will in fl u en c e t he s el ectio n of t he S i re

.

to whom s h e is to be mat ed a n d he should exc el in t he poi n ts ,

in which S h e is d efi ci ent It is absolut ely n ec essary to have .

p erf ectly h ealthy animals an d if t he femal e be you n g a n d small , ,

stock is d esi red her mat e should be s ev eral y ears h er s enio r

, .

A plai n sp ecim en of t he right blood is quit e lik ely to produc e

good results to t h e b reed er for exampl e S hould th ere be t wo ,

f emal e puppi es in a w ell bred litt er on e remarkabl e as -

,

p romisi n g to have all t h e requi rem en ts for a coming ch am pio n ,

2 86 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
t he oth er larg e and plai n this latt er should be s el ect ed for
,

breedi n g purpos es as b ei n g stro n g er she will mak e a b ett er

, ,

an d mo re us eful moth er than h er handsom e sist er who ,

sh ould be k ept for exhibitio n or for sal e at a r emun erative pric e

, .

Th e mod ern craz e for small sp ecim en s mak es th em quit e

un s uit a ble for procr eatio n A b rood bitch should n ot be less
.

than 9 lb in weight a n d even h eavi er is preferabl e A sire

.
, .

t h e sam e siz e will produc e small a n d far mor e typical stock

th an on e of 5 lb or 6 lb as t he t en d ency is to d egen erat e
. .
, ,

esp ecially in h ead points but small siz e can be obtai n ed by

suitably s el ecting the par en ts .

Th e e arly spring is t he b est s eason for breedi n g as it gives ,

t h e puppi es a sta rt of at l east S ix months in which to grow a n d

g et st ro n g b e fo re t h e cold w eath er s ets in although of cou rs e , , ,

th ey can be b red at a n y tim e but autumn an d wi n t er puppi es

,

are mo re t roubl esom e to r ear It is a lways wis e to administ er

.

occasio n ally both to puppi es a n d adults a dos e of worm

—
, ,

m edici e so as to gi v e n o chance to i t ernal parasit es the

n ,
n

most t roubl esom e ill with which t he dog own er has to wr es t l e ,

causin g ev en more mortali ty than t he dr ead ed scourge of

dist emp er .

The rul es of hygi en e can n ot be ov erlook ed as upo n th em ,

han gs t he success of t he breed er ; pl enty of fresh ai r light , ,

and sun shi n e a re as n ecessary as food Puppi es of this breed .

a re ess en tially d elicat e and must be k ept fr ee from cold a n d

,

draughts but th ey require lib erty a n d freedom to d evelop and

,

stren gth en th eir limbs oth erwis e th ey are liabl e to d evelop

,

rickets Th eir food should be of t he b est quality and aft er the

.
,

a ge of six months n othing s eems mo re suitabl e than stal e bro wn

,

b red cut up dic e siz e a n d moist en ed with good stock grav y

, , ,

tog eth er with min c ed l ean u n d erdon e roast b eef wi th t he

, , ,

additio n two or th ree tim es a w eek of a littl e well cook ed green

, ,
-

vegetabl e vari ed with rice or su et puddi n g and plain biscuits

, .

Fish may also be giv en occasio n ally .

Wh en o n ly two or three dogs are k ept tabl e scraps will ,

g en erally be suffi ci ent but th e pe rnicious habit of feeding at all

,
 C HA PTE R X LV
T HE P E K I N E SE A ND T HE JA P A N E S E

FE W of t he man y breeds of foreign dogs now establish ed in

E n glan d hav e attai n ed such a m easure of popularity in so
sho rt a tim e as t he P eki n es e O f th eir early histo ry little is
.

kn own b eyo n d t he fact that at t he looti n g of t he Summ er

,

Palac e of P eki n in 1 860 b ro n z e efligies of th es e dogs known to

, , ,

be mor e than two thousand y ea rs old w ere found within t h e ,

sacred preci n cts The dogs w ere and are to this day j ealously
.
, ,

guard ed un d er t he sup ervisio n of t he Chi ef E unuch of the

Court a n d few have ev er found th eir way into t he out er
,

world .

So far as t he writ er is aware t he history of the breed in ,

E n glan d dat es from t he impo rtation in 1 860 of fiv e dogs tak en

from t he Summ er Palac e wh ere th ey had n o doubt b een , , ,

fo rgott en on t he flight of t he Court to t he i n t erior A dmiral .

L ord J ohn Hay wh o was p res en t on activ e s ervic e giv es a

, ,

graphic accoun t of t he fin di n g of th es e littl e dogs in a part of

t he ga rd en frequ en t ed by a n aunt of t h e E mp eror who had ,

com mitt ed suicid e on t he app roach of t he Alli ed Forc es .

‘
L ord J oh n a n d anoth er naval oflicer a cousin of t he lat e ,

D uch ess of R ichmon d s e ach s ecured two dogs ; t he fift h

’

was tak en by G en eral D un n e who pres en t ed it to Qu een ,

Victo ria L o rd J oh n took pai n s to ascert ai n that n o n e had

.

found th ei r way into t he Fren ch camp an d h e h eard th en that ,

t he oth ers had all b een remov ed to Jeh a l with t he Court .

It is th erefo re reaso n abl e to suppos e that th es e fiv e were t h e

o n ly Palac e d ogs or Sacred Templ e dogs of P eki n which
, ,

reach ed E n gla n d an d it is from t he pair which l

,
i ved to a
2 88
 P hot og r a ph by T F a ll
PI P S V OM
.

1
%lrs s S T E E V E NS TY C AL JA AN E E MR S . AL E N 1c0 L As s
’
P I
E RAN AN

CH T HE S AB L E MrT E

P hot og ra ph by T F a ll .

MI SS M . A . B L AN D
’
S P OM I
E R AN A N

CH . MA R L AN D KING

P h ot og ra ph by R u s s e ll

LA DY H ULT O SBN
’

LEN H IME CH .
Jo y T H E HO N . MR S . L YT T O N
’
KIS NG C H R S
A LE

CH . T HE S E R PHA
29 0 DOG S A N D A L L A B OU T T HE M
res emblan c e to t he origi n al typ e a n d for thi s t he P eki n ese ,

Club is in som e m easure to blam e The o rigi n al poin ts for t h e .

guidan ce of b reed ers a n d j udges were d rawn up by L ady

Samu elso n Mrs D ouglas Murray a n d L ady A lgerno n G ordo n
, .
,

L en n ox who fix ed th e maximum siz e at 1 0 lb a v ery gen er

,
.
-

ous margi n Sin ce th en t he club has am en d ed t he scal e of

.

poi n ts n o doubt in ord er to s ecu re a ila rger m emb ership a n d

, ,

t h e maximum n ow sta n ds at 1 8 lb .

Is it th erefo re to be wo n d ered at that co n fusion exists as to

what is t he tru e typ e A t shows th ere should be two disti n ct
class es ; t he Palac e dog a n d t he Pekin Spa ni el or a n y
.
,

oth er nam e which would enabl e t he breeds to be k ept

d istinct .

The followi n g is t he scal e of points as is s ued by t h e P eki n es e

Club
H ead—Massiv e b road skull wid e an d flat b etween t h e ears ( n ot
dom e shap ed ) ; wid e b etween t h e ey es Nose —B lack b road v ery
, ,

sho rt a n d fl at E yes—L arge d ark p romin en t rou n d lustrous

.
, ,

—D p E ars —H eart shap ed ; n ot s et too hi gh ; l eath er n ev er

. .
, , , ,

S t op ee .
-

lo n g en ough to com e b elo w t h e muzzl e n ot carri ed erect but rath er

d roopi n g lo n g feath er Muzzl e—Very sho rt an d b road ; n ot u n d er
,

hu n g n or poi n t ed ; wrin kl ed Man e—P rofus e e xt en din g b eyo n d

, .

.
,

should er blad es fo rmin g ru ff or trill rou n d fro n t of n eck S h ape of

B od y—H e avy in fro n t ;
.
,

b road ch est fallin g away light er b ehin d ;

lio n lik e n ot too lo n g in t h e body Coa t a n d F eath er an d Con di tion
-
.

L o n g with thick u n d ercoat ; straight a n d fl at n ot cu rly n or wavy ;

, ,

rath er coar s e but soft ; f eath er on thighs l e gs tai l a n d to es lo n g a n d

p rofus e Col our—A11 colours allo wab l e red fawn black black an d
, , ,

.
, , , ,

t an ,s abl e b ri n dle whit e an d parti colou red B lack masks an d

, ,
-
.
,

sp ectacl es rou n d t h e ey es with lin es to t h e e ars are d esirabl e Legs

, , .

S ho rt ; fo re l e gs h e avy bo we d out at elbo ws ; hin d l egs light er but

- -

F eet —F lat n ot rou n d ; should stan d Well up

, ,

fi rm a n d we ll shap ed
T a il—Cu rl e d a n d carri e d well up on loin s ;
.
,

on to es n ot on a n kles
lo n g p rofus e straight feath er S i ze —
, .

, B ei n g a toy dog t h e smaller t h e

.

b ett er p rovid ed typ e an d poin ts a re n ot sacrific ed A n ythi n g over

, .

1 8 lb should disqu alify W h en divid e d by weight class es should b e

over 1 0 1b an d u n d er 1 0 lb A ctio n—Free stro n g an d high crossin g
. .
,

.
, .
,

feet or th rowin g th em out in ru n n in g should n ot tak e off marks weak

n ess of j oin ts should b e p en alis ed .

L ady Algerno n G o rdo n L en n ox has occasio n ally b een criti -

cis ed for advocacy of coloured sp ecim en s

h er but in whole -
,

suppo rt of this preference it can be p rov ed that t he origi n al

p ai r brought to G oodwood as well as Mrs Murray s Ah Cum , .
’
,
 T HE P E K I NE S E 291

w ere all of t h e gold en c h est n ut s h ad e ; an d as n o b rin dl ed , ,

r —
pa ti coloured or black dog has ev er b een bo rn a t G oodwood
,

o r B roughto n we hav e som e autho rity for looki n g upo n w h ol e

,

colou r as a n impo rtan t poi n t This vi ew was in t h e first plac e

.

co n firm ed by t h e lat e Chi n es e Ambassado r in L o n do n a n d ,

furth er by Baro n Sp eck v on St ern b erg who was for man y ,

years Mi n ist er at P eki n a n d had v ery sp ecial faciliti es for

n oti n g t h e poi n ts of t he Palac e dogs .

I n ev ery cas e a black muzzl e is i n disp en sabl e also black ,

poi n ts to t h e ears wi th t rous ers tail a n d feath ering a som e

, ,

what li ght er S had e t h an t he body Th ere is co n sid erabl e

.

div erg en c e of opi n io n as to t he p en alisatio n of what in oth er ,

b reeds is kn own as a D udl ey n os e but on this poi n t th ere

, ,

must be som e diffi culty at S ho ws in t h e P e ki n es e t he colou r

of t he n os e vari es in a r emarkabl e way esp ecially in t h e cas e ,

of t he bitch es For i n stan c e a pi n kish ti n ge was always

.
,

visibl e on t he n os e of G oodwood Meh b efo re t he bi rth of h er

puppi es but it resum ed its n o rmal colou r wh en t h e puppi es
were a few w eeks old AS a repres entative typ e Chu E rh of
.
,
-

Ald erbourn e res embl es most n ea rly t h e old G oodwood dogs .

He has t h e sam e squar e cobby app ea ran c e broad ch est

, , ,

bow ed l egs profus e feath er an d larg e lustrous ey es—poi n ts

, , ,

which a re frequ en tly look ed for in vain n o wadays an d his —

b reed er an d o wn er may w ell be proud of him .

Th e P eki n es e di ffers from t he J apan es e dog in that it app ears

to be far st ro n g er in co n stitutio n a n d withstan ds t he chang es
,

of the E n glish climat e with much great er eas e in fact th ey ,

are as ha rdy u n der hea lthy con diti on s as an y E n glish b reed

, , ,

a n d t h e o n ly s erious t roubl e s eems to be t h e weak n ess w h ich is

d evelopi n g i n t he ey es Small absc ess es frequ en tly app ear

.

wh en t h e puppi es a re a few mo n ths old a n d although th ey , ,

may n ot a ffect t h e sight th ey almost i n evitably l eav e a bluish

,

mark whil e in som e cas es t h e ey e its elf b ecom es co n tract ed

, .

W h eth er this is on e of t he results of in b reedin g it is di ffi cult -

,

to say an d it would be of i n t erest to k n ow wh eth er t he s am e

,

t roubl e is met with in Chi n a .

2 92 D OG S A N D A L L A B OU T T HE M

Th e Peki n es e bitch es a re excellen t moth ers provided th ey ,

a re n ot i n t erf ere d with for t h e first f ew days This was .

di scov ered at G oodwood y ears ago by t he fact that on ,

two or th ree occasio n s on e C el estial lady who had b een given

, ,

great er att entio n than S he co n sid ered n ec essary r ev en ged ,

h ers elf by d evouri n g h er own family of puppi es On e thi n g

s eems from exp eri ence to be esp ecially advisabl e—as far as
can be a rra n g ed to b ree d in t h e S pri n g rath er than autum n
, .

The puppi es n eed all t h e op en a ir a n d ex ercis e that is possibl e ,

a n d wh ere rick e ty sp ecim en s a re so frequ en tly met with it is

only n atural that a puppy who starts life with t he summ er

mo n ths ah ead is mo re lik ely to d evelop well than on e bo rn in
t he autumn Great att en tio n S hould be paid with referen c e
to t he frequ ent—ahn os t c ertai n —pres enc e of worms which
.

t rouble s eems mo re preval en t with P eki n es e than with an y

oth er br eed Wh erev er possibl e fish should be giv en as part
.
,

of t he di etary som e P eki n es e d evour it with relish oth ers

wi ll n ot touch it but th ere is n o doubt it is a us eful it em in
,

t h e bill of far e B read well soak ed in very stro n g stock

.
,

sh eep s h ead and liver a re always b ett er as regular di et than

’

m eat but in cas es of d ebi lity a littl e raw m eat given o n ce a day
,

is most b en eficial .

It would n ot be fitti n g to clos e an articl e on P eki n es e

without b eari n g t estimo n y to th ei r extrao rdinarily attractive
charact eristics Th ey are i n t ens ely a ffectionat e and faithful
and hav e som ething almost cat—
.
,

li k e in th eir dom esticity Th ey .

display far more charact er than t he s o called toy dog -

usually do es a n d for this reaso n it is all importan t that p ains

,
-

S hould be tak en to pr es erve t he t ru e typ e in a r e cogn ition of ,

t he fact that quali ty is more ess en tial than quan tity .

A s th eir breed n am e impli es th es e ti n y black a n d whit e lo n g

-
, ,

haired lap dogs are reput ed to be nativ es of th e lan d of the

Chrysan th emum The J apa n es e who hav e treasured th em
.
,

f or c en tu ri es hav e t he b eli ef that th ey are not l ess a nci ent

,

than t he dogs of Malta Th ere s eems to be a probabili ty

.
,
2 94 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

an d it ought to be quit e straight an d v ery silky The Japan es e .

Span i el is co n stitutio n ally d elicat e requi ri n g co n sid erabl e care ,

— —
in feedi n g A frequ en t almost a daily ch an g e of di et is to
.

be recomm en d ed a n d manufactu red foods a re to be avoid ed

, .

R ic e usually agrees well ; fresh fish sh eep s h ead to n gu e ,

’

, ,

chick en livers milk or batt er puddi n gs a re also suitabl e ;

,

a n d occasio n ally giv e oatm eal porridg e alt ern at ed with a ,

littl e scrap ed ra w m eat as a n esp ecial favou r F or puppi es .

n ewly w ea n ed it is w ell to limit t h e supply of milk foods a n d

to avoid red m eat Fi n ely mi n c ed rabbit or fish a re b ett er

.
, .

O f t he J apan es e Span i els which hav e rec en tly b een p romi

n en t in comp etitio n may be m en tio n e d Miss S eren a s Cham
’
,

pion Fuj i of Kob e a remarkably b eautiful bitch who was und er

, ,

5 lb in
. w eight and who in h er b ri ef li f e gai n ed S ix full c h am
,

p ion s hi ps Mrs G.regso n s Ch T o.ra of B ra y wick a

’
fi n e
.
,

red an d whit e dog som ewhat ov er 7 lb ,is also to be rem em .

,

b ered as a typical exampl e of t he b reed tog eth er with Kara , ,

t h e small est J ap ev er exhibit ed or b red in this cou n t ry weigh ,

in g On ly 2 } lb wh en 2 5 y e ars old L ady Samu elso n s Togo ’

2 .

a n d O Toy o of B ra y wick a n d Mrs Hull s Ch D addy J ap

’ ’
.
, . .

Th ere has lat ely b een a t end en cy to lay too much st res s upo n
dimi n utiv e siz e in this vari ety of t he dog to t he n egl ect of ,

w ell fo rm ed limbs a n d free mov em en t but on t h e whol e it

-

may be stat ed with co n fid enc e t h at t he J apan es e is p rosp er

in g in E n gland tha n ks la rg ely to t he en erg etic wo rk of t h e
,

J apan es e Chi n Club which was fo rm ed som e three y ears ago ,

to p romot e t h e b est i n t erests of t he breed .

Th e followi n g is t h e o ffi cial stan da rd issu ed by t h e Club

H ea d —S hould b la g siz e of a n imal v ery b road a n d wi t h sli ghtly
e r e f or
r ou d
n e d skull M u z z l e—. t o n g an d wid e v ery sho rt from ey es t o
S r
,

n os e ; up p er j aw should look slightly tu rn ed up b etween t h e eyes ;

lo wer j aw should b e also tu rn ed up or fi n ish e d so as to m e et it but ,

should t h e lo wer j aw b e slightly u n d erhu n g it is n ot a bl emis h p rovid e d

h
t e t e e th a re n ot sho w n in co n s e qu en c e Nos e— Very sho rt in t h e .

muzzl e part T h e en d or n os e p ro p er should be wid e with op en n ostrils

.
, ,

an d mus t b e t h e colou r of t h e dog s ma rkin g t e black in black mark e d

’
-
, . .
,

dogs an d red or d eep fl esh colou r in red or l emo n m ark e d dogs E y es

, .

L ar ge da rk lustrous r ath er p romin en t an d s et wid e a p art E ars

, , , , .

S mall a n d V shap ed n ic ely feath ere d s et wid e a p art a n d high on

-
, ,
 T H E JA PANE S E 2 95

t he h ead an d carri ed slightly fo rwa rd Neck —S hould be sho rt an d

B o d y—Very compact a n d squarely built with a
.

mod erat ely thick .

,

sho rt back rath er wid e ch est a n d of g en erally cobby shap e Th e

, , .

body a n d l egs should really go i n to a square i e t h e l en gth of t h e dog

should b e about i ts h eight Legs—T h e bo n es of t h e l egs should b e
, . .
,

small givi n g th em a sl en d er app eara n c e an d th ey should b e well

feath ere d F eet—S mall a n d shap ed som ewhat lo n g t h e dog stan ds up
, ,

.
,

on its to es som ewhat I f fe ath ered t h e tufts should n ev er in creas e t h e

T a il—C arri e d in a tigh t
.
,

wid t h of t h e foot but o n ly its l en gth a trifl e

, .

cu rl over t h e back I t should be p rofus

.

”
ely f e a t h ere d so as to giv e t h e
app ea ra n ce of a b eauti ful plum e on t h e an imal s back Co a t ’
.

P rofus e lo n g s t rai ght rath er s ilky

, , , I t should b e absolut ely free from
.

wav e or curl a n d n ot lie too fl at but hav e a t en d en cy to stan d out

, , ,

e sp e ci a lly at t h e n e ck so as to giv e a thick ma n e or ruff which with

, ,

p rofus e feath eri n g on thighs a n d tail gives a v ery sho wy app ear an ce
C ol our—
.

E ith er black a n d whit e or re d a n d whit e i a par ti colou red , . .

,
-
.

T h e t erm red i n clud e s all shad es sabl e b rin dl e l emo n or o ran g e but
, , , ,

t h e b right er a n d cl ea rer t h e red t h e b ett er T h e whit e should b e cl ear

.

whi t e an d t h e colou r wh eth er black or red should b e ev en ly di s

, , ,

t rib ut ed in patch es ov er th e body ch eeks an d e ars H eigh t a t Sh ould er

W ei ght —
, , .

- A bout t en i n ch es . T h e siz e d esirabl e is from 4 lb to 9 lb . .

T h e small er s iz e is p ref erabl e if good sha p e .

 C HA P TE R X LVI
T HE M A L T E SE D O G A ND T HE P UG

No doubt has b een cast upon t he b eli ef that t he small whit e , ,

silky Ca ms M elitcen s is t h e most anci en t of all t h e lap dogs of

'

t he West ern world It was a favourit e in t h e tim e of Phidias

.

it was an esp ecial pet of t h e great ladi es of Im peri al R om e .

It app ears to hav e com e ori gi n ally from t he A driatic island of

M elita rath er than from t he M edi t erran ean Malta although ,

this supposition cannot be veri fied Th ere is howev er n o .

, ,

qu estion that it is of E urop ean origin a n d that t he b reed as , ,

we kn ow it to day has alt er ed exc eedi n gly littl e in typ e an d

-
,

S iz e S i n c e it was allud ed to by A ristotl e mor e than th ree hun d red

years b efore the Christian era On e may gath er from vari ous
.

ref er en c es in lit eratu re a n d from t h e evid enc e of art that it

, ,

was highly valu ed in anci ent tim es Wh en hi s favourit e

.

”
dog di es wrot e Th eoph rastus in illustration of th e vain man
, ,

h e d eposits t h e remai n s in a tomb a n d erects a mo n umen t ,

ov er th e grave with t he inscriptio n O ffspri n g of t he stock of

, ,

Malta .
’

Th e offspri n g of t h e stock of Malta w er e p robably first

import ed i n to E nglan d duri n g t he reign of Hen ry VIII .

It is c ertain that th ey w ere regard ed as m eet playfellows

for mi n cing mistress es in t he reign of E lizab eth whos e ,

phys ician D r Caius allud ed to th em as b ei n g disti n ct from

, .
,

”
t h e Span i el g en tl e or comfort er
,
.

E a rly writ ers av er that it was customary wh en Malt es e

puppi es w er e bo rn to press or twist t he n asal bo n e with t h e
fin gers in o rd er th at th ey may s eem mo re el egan t in t h e Sight
%

of men — a circ umsta n c e which go es to S how that our fo re

2 96
2 98 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
followi n g is t he standard d escriptio n
The an d poi n ts of t he
Malt es e Club of L o n do n
H e a d—S hould too n arro w but should b e of a T erri er shap e
n ot be
appl e h ead ed E ars—S hould b e lo n g an d well
, ,

n ot t oo lo n g but , n ot -
.

fe ath ere d an d han g clos e to t h e sid e of t h e h e ad t h e hair to b e well

min gl ed with t h e coat at t h e should ers E yes— S hould b e a dark
, ,

b ro wn with black ey e rims a n d n ot too f ar apart Nos e—S hould b e

.

pu re black Leg s a n d F eet—L egs should b e sho rt an d straight feet

, .

.
,

r ou n d a n d t h e pads of t h e f ee t should b e black

, B o d y a n d S h a pe .

S hould b e sho rt a n d cobby low to t h e gr ou n d a n d t h e back should b e

, ,

straight from t h e top of t h e should ers to t h e tail T ail a n d Carri ag e .

S hould b e well ar ch e d ov er t h e back a n d well f e athe re d Coat L en gth

a n d T ext u re—S hould b e a good l en gth t h e lo n g er t h e b ett er of a silky
.
,

, ,

t extu re n ot in a n y wa y woolly a n d should b e straight Col our

, , .

I t is de sirabl e that th ey should b e pure whit e but slight l emo n marks

should n ot cou n t again st th em Con d i tio n an d Appea ran ce—S hould
,

b e of a sha rp T erri er app e ara n ce with a liv ely actio n t h e coat should
S i ze —
, ,

n ot b e stai n e d but should b e well gr oom e d in ev ery wa y

, Th e .

most approv e d weigh ts should b e from 4 1h to 9 lb t h e small er t h e . .

,

b ett er but it is d es irabl e that th ey should n ot exc ee d 1 0 lb

, .

Th eres eems to be no doubt that t he fawn colour ed Pug -

e nj oys t he a n tiquity of d esc ent that is attach ed to t he G rey

hound , t he Malt es e dog a n d som e few oth er v en erabl e breeds

, .

Although much has b een writt en on t h e origi n of th ese

dogs nothi n g auth en tic has b een discov ered in con n ection with
,

it Stat em ents hav e app ear ed from tim e to tim e to t he effect

.

that t he Pug was b rought i n to this cou n t ry from H ollan d .

I n t he e arly y ea rs of t h e last c entu ry it was commonly styled

t he D utch Pug But this th eo ry do es n ot t rac e t he histo ry
.

f a r en ough back a n d it should be rem emb ered that at that

,

p eriod t he D utch E ast I n dia Compan y was in constan t com

mun ica tion with t h e Fa r E ast O th ers d ecla re that Muscovy .

was t he o ri gi n al hom e of t he b reed a suppositio n for whi ch ,

th ere is n o disc ernibl e foun datio n The study of canin e .

histo ry r eceives frequ en t en light en m en t from t he study of t he

growth of comm ercial i n t ercours e b etween n atio n s an d t he ,

t ren d of ev en ts would l ead on e to t he b eli ef t h at t he Pug had

its o rigi n in Chi n a particularly in vi ew of t h e fact that it is
,

with that cou n t ry t h at most of t he blu n t n os ed toy dogs -

,

with tails curl ed ov er th eir backs a re associat ed , .

 THE P UG 2 99

Th e Pug was b rought i n to p romi n en c e in G reat Britai n

about S ixty y ears ago by L ady Willoughby d e E res by of ,

Grimtho rp e n ear L i n coln a n d Mr Mo rriso n of Walh am

, , .
,

G reen w h o eac h i n d ep en d en tly establis h ed a k en n el of t h es e

,

dogs with such succ ess t h at even tually t h e fawn Pugs were
,

S pok en of as eith er t h e W illoug h by or t h e Morrison Pugs .

A t that p eriod t h e black vari ety was n ot k n own Th e .

Willoughby Pug was dull er in colou r than t he Morrison ,

w h ich was of a bright er ruddi er hu e but t he two vari eti es

, ,

have sin c e b een so much i n t erb red that th ey are n ow un

disti n guishabl e an d t h e fact that th ey were ev er famili arly
,

recogn is ed as eith er Willoughbys or Morri so n s is almos t

en ti rely fo rgott en A fawn Pug may n ow be eith er silver

.

gr ey or apricot an d equally valuable , .

What ev er may hav e b een t he history of t he Pug as regards

its n ativity it had n ot b een lo n g i n troduc ed i n to E n gland
,

b efo re it b ecam e a popular favou rit e as a p et an d it S hared ,

with t he Ki n g Charl es Span i el t h e affection of t h e great

ladi es of t he lan d Th e lat e Qu een Victoria poss ess ed on e
.
,

of whi ch S h e was v ery proud Th e Pug has howev er n ow .

, ,

fa ll en from his hig h estat e as a ladi es p et an d his plac e has ’

b een usurp ed by t h e Toy Pom eran ian t h e P ekin es e a n d , ,

J apan es e all of which are n ow mo re hi ghly thought of in

,

t h e d rawi n g room or boudoir

-
But t he Pug has a n advan t ag e
.

over all th es e dogs as from t he fact that he has a S hort er coat

, ,

h e is cl ean er a n d do es n ot r equi re so much att entio n .

It wa s n ot u n til t he establishm en t of t h e Pug D og Club in

1 8 83 that a fix ed sta n dard of poi n ts was d rawn up f or t h e

guidan c e of j udg es wh en awardi n g the priz es to Pugs L at er .

on t he L o n do n an d P rovi n cial Pug Club was form ed an d ,

stan dards of poi nts were d rawn up by that soci ety Th es e .

,

however hav e n ever b een adh ered to The weight of a

, .

dog or bitch acco rdi n g to t he stan dard should be from

, ,

1 3 lb to 1 7 lb
. but th ere a re v ery few dogs i n d eed that a re
.
,

wi n n i n g priz es who can d ra w t he scal e at t he maximum

w eight On e of t he most disti n ctiv e features of a fawn P ug
.
30 0 DOG S AND ALL A B O U T T HE M
is the t rac e which is a li n e of black ru n n i n g alo n g t h e top
,

o f t h e back from t h e occiput to t h e tail It is t he exception .

to fin d a fawn Pug with an y t rac e at all n ow The muzzle .

S hould be sho rt blu n t but n ot up faced

, , Most of t he winni n g .

Pugs of t he pres en t day a re und ershot at l east half an inch ,

an d co n s equ ently must be up faced O n ly on e champion of .

t h e p res en t day poss es s es a l ev el mouth Th e t oe nails .

-

should be black acco rdi n g to t h e stan dard but this poi n t ,

is ign o red altogeth er I n fact t he standard as d rawn up by

.
, ,

t h e Club S hould be compl et ely revis ed for it is n o tru e guid e

, , .

Th e colou r which should be eith er silv er or apricot f awn ;

,

t h e marki n gs on t h e h ead which S hould S how a th umb ,

mark or diamo n d on t he fo reh ead tog eth er with t he orthodox ,

S iz e a re n ot n ow tak en i n to consid eratio n and t h e priz es are

, ,

g iv en to ov er S iz ed dogs
-
with big skulls that a re patchy in

c olour and t h e ch armi n g littl e Pugs which w ere o n c e so highly

,

priz ed a re n ow t he exception rath er than t h e rul e whil e th e ,

larg e lust rous ey es so sympath etic in th eir exp ressio n a re

, , ,

s eldom s een .

The black Pug is a rec en t p roduction He was b rought .

i n to n otic e in 1 886 wh en L ady Brass ey exhibit ed som e at t he

,

Mai dsto n e Sho w By whom h e was m an ufactu red is n ot a

.

matt er of much impo rtan c e as with t he fawn Pug in exist en c e,

t h er e was not much di fficulty in crossi n g it with t he short est

f ac ed black dog of small siz e that could be fou n d an d th en back ,

a gai n to t h e fawn a n d t h e thi n g was do n e

,
Fawn a n d black .

Pugs a re co n ti n ually b ein g b red togeth er a n d as a rul e if , , ,

j udgm en t is u s ed in t h e s el e ctio n of suitabl e cross es t h e puppi es ,

a re sou n d in colour wh eth er fawn or blac k, I n ev ery r esp ect .

e xc ept marki n gs t h e black Pug S hould be built on t h e sam e

lin es as t he fawn a n d be a cobby li ttl e dog wit h short back an d

,

w ell d evelop ed hind quart ers wid e in S kull with S quare an d

- -
, ,

b lunt muzzl e an d tightly cu rl ed tail -

.
30 2 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
Th e first auth en tic impo rtatio n s of B russ els G riffo n s i n to
this coun try were mad e by Mrs Ki n gscot e Miss A d ela G ordo n .
, ,

Mrs Fra n k P earc e a n d Fl etch er who at t h at tim e ( circa 1 8 94 )

.
, ,

k ept a dog shop in R eg en t St reet Mrs Han dley Spicer

-
. .

soon follo wed an d it was at h er hous e that in 1 896 t h e

, , ,

G ri ffo n B rux ellois Club wa s first suggest ed a n d th en form ed .

The B russ els G ri ff o n Club of L o n do n was a lat er o ffshoot of

this club a n d lik e ma n y children would app ear to be mo re
, , ,

vigo rous than its pa ren t G ri ffon s soo n mad e th ei r app ea r

.

an c e at sho ws a n d won man y admirers though it must be ,

admitt ed that th ei r p rogr ess up t h e ladd er of popularity

was n ot so rapid as might hav e b een exp ect ed Th e b reed is .

esp ecially attractiv e in t h e followi n g poi n ts : It is hardy ,

compact po rtabl e v ery i n t ellig en t equally smart an d al ert

, , ,

in app ea ra n c e a ffe ctio n at e v ery compa n io n abl e a n d abov e

, , , ,
-

all it poss ess es t h e S p ecial charact eristic of wo n d erful ey es

, ,

ev er cha n gi n g in exp ressio n a n d compa red with which t h e

,

ey es of ma n y oth er t oy breeds app ea r as a glass b ead to a

.

fathoml ess lak e .

G ri ffons a re hardy littl e dogs though lik e most oth ers , , ,

th ey a re more susc eptibl e to damp th an to cold Whil e not '

.

greedy lik e t he Terri er t ribe t h ey a re usually good f eed ers

, ,

a n d good do ers a n d n ot ti resom ely dai n ty with regard to food

, ,

as is So oft en t h e cas e with Toy Span i els It must be admitt ed .

that G ri ffo n s a re n ot t he easi es t of dogs to r ear particularly ,

at wean i n g tim e From fiv e to eight w eek s is always a critical

.

p eriod in t he puppyhood of a Gri ffo n a n d it is n ec essary to ,

sup ers ed e th ei r mat ern al n ourishm en t with extrem e cautio n .

Fa rin a ceous foods do n ot a n swer a n d usually caus e troubl e

soo n er or lat er A small quan tity of scrap ed ra w b eef—an
,

eggs p oon ful at fou r w eeks i n creasi n g to a t easpoo n ful at

,

—
six may be giv en o n ce a day a n d from four to fiv e w eeks , .

two additio n al m eals of warm milk—goat s for preferen ce ’

an d n ot mor e tha n a tabl espoo n ful at a tim e S hould be giv en .

From fiv e to six weeks t he moth er will remai n with t h e

puppi es at n ight o n ly a n d th ree milk m eals may be giv en
,
 T H E B RU S S EL S G R IF F ON 30 3

duri n g t he day with on e of scrap ed m eat at i n t ervals of

, ,

about fou r h ou rs care b ei n g tak en to giv e too littl e milk

,

rath er t h an too muc h A t S ix weeks t h e puppi es may usually .

be tak en en ti rely from t h e moth er a n d at this tim e it is ,

g en erally advisabl e to giv e a g en tl e v ermifuge such as R uby , .

A v ery littl e G erman rusk may also be add ed to t he milk

m eals which may be i ncreas ed to on e a n d a half tabl espoo n
,
-

fuls at a tim e but it must always be rem emb ered that in n in e

, ,

cas es out of t en t roubl e is caus ed by overfeedi n g rath er than

,

und erfeedi n g a n d until t h e rubico n of eight w eeks has b een

,

pass ed care a n d ov ersight S hould be u n remitti n g A t eig h t

, .

weeks old Forc e or b rown breadcrumbs may be add ed to t he

’
,

morn i n g milk chopp ed m eat may be giv en i n st ead of scrap ed at

,

midday t h e usual milk at t ea tim e a n d a d ry biscuit such

,
-
, ,

as Plasmo n for supp er A t t en weeks old t h e milk at t ea

, .

tim e may be disco n ti n u ed an d t he oth er m eals i n creas ed a c

cordi n gly an d v ery l i ttl e furth er t roubl e n eed be fe ared f or
, ,

G ri ffo n s very rarely su ff er from t eethi n g t roubles .

Bruss els Gri ffo n s a re divid ed i n to thr ee groups , acco rdi n g

to th ei r app earan ce an d r ep res en tatives of each group may ,

be a n d som etim es a re fou n d in on e an d t h e sam e litt er

, , .

Fi rst an d fo remost both in importan c e a n d in b eauty com es

, ,

t h e G riffo n B rux ellois a cobby compact littl e dog with wi ry , , ,

red coat la rg e ey es sho rt n os e w ell turn ed up an d slopi n g

, , , ,

back v ery p romin en t chi n a n d small ears S eco n dly com e

, , .

t h e G riffo n s of an y ot h er colour or as t h ey a re t erm ed in , ,

B russ els Gri ffon s B elg es Th es e are v ery oft en Griffo n s of t h e

, .

usual colour with a mismark of whi t e or black or occasio n ally

, ,

th ey may be grey or fawn But t he most approv ed colour .

,

a n d c ertai n ly t h e most att ractiv e is black a n d t a n Th e , .

”
thi rd group of Bruss els Gri ffo n s is t h at t erm ed smooth ,

o r in B russ els G ri ffo n s B raba n co n s

, Th e smooth Gri ffo n is
, .

id en tical with t he rough in all poi n ts exc ept for b ei n g sho rt

hai red A s is well kn own smooth G ri ffo n s a re most us eful
.
,

for b reedi n g roug h o nes with t h e d esi red hard red coat a n d ,

many well kn own S how dogs with rough coats hav e b een b red
-
304 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

from smooth o n es : for exampl e Sparkl ets Ch Copthorn e , , .

Lobst er Ch Copt horn e Treasur e Ch Copt horn e Talk o

, .
, .
-
’

t he Town a n d Copt horn e Blun d erbuss

-
, This a n d man y oth er .

facts in co n n ectio n with b reedin g G ri ffo n s will be l earn t

from exp eri en c e always t he b est t each er
, .

The d escriptive particulars of t h e B russ els G ri ffon a re

Genera l Appea ra n ce —A lady s littl e do g—i n t ellig en t sp rightly robust
’

of compact app earan ce—remin di n g on e of a cob a n d ca ptivatin g t h e

, , ,

att en tio n by a quasi huma n exp ressio n H ea d—R ou n d ed fu rn ish e d

,
-
.
,

with som ewhat har d irre gula r hairs lo n g er rou n d t h e ey es on t h e

E ars—E re ct wh en crop p e d as in B el gium s emi
, , ,

n os e a n d ch eck s
E y e s—Very la rg e black or n e arly black ;
.
,

e re ct wh en u n cro p p e d .
, ,

e y elids e dg e d with black e y elash e s lo n g a n d black ey eb ro ws cov ere d

, ,

with hair s l eavi n g t h e ey e th e y en circl e p erfe ctly u n cov ered

, Nos e .

A l ways black sho rt su rrou n d e d with hair co n v ergi n g u p wa rd to m eet

, ,

thos e which su rrou n d t h e ey es Very p ro n ou n c ed stop Lips . .

E dg ed with black fu rn ish e d with a moustache

, A littl e black in t h e .

moustach e is n ot a fault Chin P romi n en t with out sho wi n g t h e t eeth

-

Ch e s t —R ath er wid e a n d d eep

.

a n d e dg e d with a small b ea rd Legs

T a il—E re ct a n d dock e d t o
. .

A s st raight as possibl e of m edium l en gth

Col our—I n t h e Griff o n s B rux ellois red ; in t h e Griff o n s
, .
,

t wo t h irds
-
.
,

B elg es p re f erably black a n d t a n but also grey or fa wn in th e P e tit

T ext u re of Coa t—H a rsh a n d wiry
, ,

B raba n co n red or black an d t an

, .
,

i rregular rath er lo n g a n d thick

, I n t h e B raba n co n it is smooth
.

an d sho rt W eigh F L ight weight 5 1b maximum an d h eavy

F a ul t s —
.
- .
,

weight 9 lb m aximum
, . T h e faults to b e avoid e d are ligh t
.

e y es, silky hair on t h e h ead b ro wn n ails t eeth sho wi n g a han gin g

, , ,

to n gu e or a b ro wn n o s e .
 C HA PTE R X LVIII
T HE M I N I A T UR E B R E ED S

E XC E P T in t he matt er of S ize t he g en eral appe aran ce and

,

qualificatio n s of t he Mi n iature Black a n d Ta n Terri er should be

as n early lik e the larg er b reed as possibl e for t h e standard of ,

poi n ts appli es to both vari eti es exc epti n g that erect or what
, ,

a re commo n ly kn own as tulip ea rs of s emi erect carriag e a re ,

-
,

p ermissibl e in th e mi n iatures Th e o fficially recognis ed weight

.

”
for t h e toy vari ety is giv en as u n d er s ev en pou n ds but no n e ,

of t he most promi n en t p res en t day wi n n ers reach an ythi n g

-

lik e that weight som e in fact a re li ttl e mo re than half of it ,

a n d t h e gr eat maj o rity a re b et ween 4 lb a n d 5 lb . .

Probably t he most popular sp ecim ens of t he mi n iatu re

Black an d Tan at t he p res en t tim e a re Mr Whal ey s Glen art .
’

n ey Spo rt and Mr Richmo n d s M erry A tom M erry A tom is

’
. .

o n ly 4 5 lb in w eight an d he is b eautifully p roportion ed with

2
.
, ,

a fin e lo n g h ead a small dark ey e small ears a n d t he true

, , , , ,

typ e of body His marki n gs of d eep black a n d rich t an are

.

good an d his coat is en tirely free from t he bare patch es which

,

so oft en mar t h e app eara n c e of th es e toys givi n g t he ,

sugg estio n of d elicacy .

The Mi n iatu re Black an d Ta n is c ertai n ly not a robust dog ,

a n d h e has lost much of t h e t erri er boist erousn ess of charact er

by r easo n of b ei n g pamp ered and coddled but it is a fallacy

to suppos e that h e is n ec essarily d elicat e He requi res to be .

k ept warm but ex ercis e is b ett er for him than eid erdown quilts
,

a n d silk en cushio n s a n d j udicious f e e di n g will p rot ect him from

,

t h e S ki n dis eas es to which he is b eli ev ed to be liabl e Un d er .

prop er t reatm en t he is n o mo re d elicat e than a n y other toy

U
 3 06 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
dog and his en gagin g man n ers an d cl eanli n ess of habit ought
,

to plac e him amo n g th e most favoured of lady s p ets a n d lap ’

dogs It is to be h op ed that t h e effo rts n ow b ei n g mad e

.

by t he Black and Tan Terri er Club will be b en eficial to t h e

i n crea s ed popularity of this di mi n utive b reed .

F or t h e t echn ical d escriptio n a n d scal e of poi n ts t h e read er

is referred to th e chapt er on t h e larg er vari ety of Black an d
Tan Terri er (s ee p .

O f lat e y ears Bull t erri ers hav e fall en in popularity

Toy -
.

Thi s is a pity as th ei r li lliputi an s elf—

,
ass ertio n is most amusi n g .

A s p ets th ey are most aff ectio n at e exc ellen t as watch dogs ,

-
,

cl ev er at acquiri n g tricks and al ways c h eerful and com

,

p an ion a ble T h ey hav e

. good n os es a n d will hu n t dilig en tly
but wet w eath er or thick u n d ergr owt h will d et er th em an d ,

th ey are too small to do s erious harm to th e b es t stock ed game

p res erve .

Th e most valuabl e Toy Bull t erri ers are small a n d v ery light
-

in w eight and th es e small dogs usually hav e

”
,
appl e h eads -
.

Po n y Qu een t he form er prop erty of S ir R aymo n d Tyrwhi tt

,

Wilso n w eigh ed un d er 3 lb but th e b reed rem ai n s toy

, .
,

up to 1 5 lb Wh en you get a dog with a lo n g wedg e Shap ed

.
-

h ea d t he latt er in comp etitio n with small appl e h ead ed

,
-

dogs always tak es th e priz e a n d a sli ghtly co n t radi ctory stat e

,

of aff ai rs ari s es from t h e fact that t h e small dog with an

imp erfectly shap ed h ead will s ell for mo re mo n ey than a dog
with a p erf ectly S hap ed h ead which is larg er .

I n d rawi n g up a S how sch edul e of class es for this b reed

it is p erhaps b ett er to li mit t h e weight of comp etito rs to 1 2
lb The Bull t erri er Club put 1 5 lb as t he lo west w eight
.
-
.

allo wed for t h e larg e b reed an d it s eems a pity to hav e

,

an i n t erregn um b etween t h e larg e a n d mi n iatu re vari ety ;

still in t h e i n t erests of t he small valuabl e sp ecim en s this
, ,

s eems i n evitabl e a n d opportun ist pri n cipl es must be appli ed

,

to doggy matt ers as to oth er busi n ess in this wo rld A t .

pres en t th ere is a div ersity of opi n io n as to th eir poi n ts but ,

3 0 8 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
in t he atrium of most R oman villas I n Pomp eii a dwarfed .

G reyhou n d was c ertai n ly k ept as a dom estic pet a n d th ere is ,

th erefo re som e j ustification for t he b eli ef that th e Italian

p refix is n ot misplac ed .

I n v ery ea rly tim es t h e Italian G reyhou n d was app reciat ed .

Va n dyck K n eller an d W att eau fr equ en tly i n t roduc ed th e

, ,

g rac e ful fi gur es of th es e do gs as acc essori es in t h ei r port rai ts

of t he Cou rt b eauti es of t h eir tim es a n d man y such po rtraits ,

may be notic ed in t he gall eri es of Wi n dso r Castle a n d Hampto n

Cou rt Mary Qu een of Scots is suppos ed to hav e b een fo n d
.
,

of t he b reed as mo re surely w ere C h arl es I a n d Qu een An n e

, .

Som e of t he b est of th ei r ki n d were in t h e poss essio n of Qu een

Victoria at W i n dso r a n d B a hn oral wh ere S ir E dwi n L an ds eer ,

t ra n sferred th ei r grac eful forms to can vas .

Amo ng t he mo re p romi n en t own ers of t he pres en t tim e a re

t h e Ba ro n ess Campb ell v on L a uren t z whos e R os em ead Laura ,

a n d Un a a re of sup erlativ e m erit alik e in outli n e colour , .

styl e l en gth of h ead and grac e of actio n Mrs Flo ren ce

, , .

Scarl ett whos e Sv elta Saltarello an d Sola are a hn os t equally

, , ,

p erfect Mrs Matth ews t h e own er of C h Sign o r our small est

.
, .
,

a n d most el ega n t S ho w dog ; a n d Mr Charl wood who has .

,

e xhibit ed ma n y a d mi rabl e sp ecim en s amo n g th em Suss ex ,

Qu een a n d Suss ex P ri n c ess .

Th e Italia n G reyhou n d Club of E n gla n d has d rawn up t he

followi n g stan dard a n d scal e of points

Gen era l Appear n ce A a

n — mi iatu
re E nyhou d mo sl d
Gre n , re glish
en er
p op o tio s
i n a ll r r of id al l ga c
n , an d e e e g ac
n e an dshap symm t y
r e in e, e r ,

and actio n H e a d—S

kull lo g fl at
. n , a o uzzl v y
a n d n rr w M e er fi ne . .

os da k
N e r colou
in a s os shap d plac d
r E r r e . e , ll back soft
e we , an d
d licat should touch
e , an d a ly touch b hi d h ad y s
the E e
o y — ck lo g
e or n e r e n e .

la g b ight
r e, r full of xp ssio
, an d e re n B d Ne g ac fully
n an d
. r e
a ch d
r e hould s lo g
S er slopi g
n an d ack cu v d
n B d oopi g at
r e an d r n t he
— o l gs st aight
. .

qu t s L s
ar er . eg a n d F eet F r e-
e ll
r u d
, we s et n er t h e
should er ; past s small d licat bo
fin e ern e ei d l gs hocks ll
ne Hn -e , we
—
.

let do w ;thighs muscula

n rt lo g ha foot
F e e n rei o T a l, C a t a n d
olou — ail ath lo g
. .

C r T r er n ith
an d w ca iag
low ki rr e suppl
S n fi n e an d e . .

H ai rthi glossy lik sati

n an d e f ably s lf colou d
n P re er e - colou
re Th e r
but all shad s of fa —
. .

most p iz d is gold fa wn , mous c am

wn red ,
it —
r e en e e, re
a n d wh e cog is d
a re re n elacks b i dl
B , pi d
r n . co sid d
es a n d e are n ere
 T H E MI N I AT URE B REE D S 39 9

l ess d esirab l e A ctio n—High st eppin g an d free

. . W ei gh t —Tw o
class es on e of 8 lb a n d u n d er t h e oth er ov er 8 lb
,
.
,
.

dimi n utiv e S h etlan d Sh eepd oggha s man y recommen d a

’

The
tio n s as a pet Lik e t he stu rdy littl e Sh etla n d po n y this dog
.
,

has n ot b een mad e small by a rti ficial s el ectio n It is a Colli e .

in mi n iatu re n o la rg er tha n a Pom era n ia n a n d it is p erf ectly

, ,

hardy wo n d erfully sagacious an d d ecid edly b eautiful A t

, , .

first glan c e t he dog might easily be mistak en for a B elgian

Butt erfly dog for its ears are som ewhat larg e an d upstan di n g
, ,

with a good amoun t of feath er about th em but upo n clos er

acquai n tan c e t h e Col li e S hap e a n d n atur e b ecom e mo re
p ro n ou n c ed .

Th e body is lo n g an d s et low on stout S ho rt l egs wh ich en d , , ,

in lo n g s h ap ed feath ere d f eet

-
, Th e tail is a substan tial b rush
.
,

b eautifully carri ed a n d t h e coat is lo n g an d i n cli n ed to

,

silki n ess with a co n sid erabl e n eck fri ll The usual weight is
,
-
.

from S ix to t en pou n ds t he dog bei n g of small er siz e t h an

,

t h e bitc h Th e p retti est a re all whit e or whit e with rich

.
,

sabl e marki n gs but man y a re black an d t an or all black

, .

Th e h ead is S h o rt a n d t h e fac e n ot so aquili n e as that of

t h e la rg e Colli e The ey es a re well p roportio n ed to t h e
.

S iz e of t h e h ead a n d h av e a S i n gula rly soft rou n d bright n es s

, ,

remi n di n g on e of t h e ey e of a woodcock or a s n ip e .

Th e S h etla n d ers us e t h em wit h t h e sh eep a n d th ey a re ,

e xc ell en t littl e wo rk ers int el lig en t a n d v ery activ e a n d as

, ,

h ardy as t erri ers D og lovers in s earc h of n ov elty mig h t do

.

wo rs e than tak e up this att rac t iv e a n d c ertai n ly g en ui n e b reed .

 C HA P TE R X L IX
P R A CT I CA L M A NA GE M E NT

M ANY peopl e a re d et erred from k eepi n g dogs by t he b eli ef

that t he hobby is exp en s ive a n d that it en tails a profit les s
amoun t of troubl e a n d an xi ety ; but to t he t ru e dog lover -

t he a n xi ety a n d t roubl e are far outbalan c ed by t he pl easures

of poss essio n a n d as to t h e exp en s e that is a matt er which can
, ,

be r egulat ed at will A luxuriously appoi n t ed k en n el of

.

valuabl e dogs who a re pamp ered i n to sickn ess may i n d eed

, , , ,

b ecom e a s erious drain upon t he own er s ban k in g accoun t ’

but if man aged on busi n ess pri n cipl es t he occupation is capabl e

of yi eldin g a v ery res p ectabl e i n com e On e do es n ot wish .

to s ee dog k eepi n g turn ed into a professio n a n d th ere s eems

-
,

to be som et h i n g m ean in maki n g mo n ey by our p ets but t he

proc ess of drafti n g is n ec essary wh en t h e k en n el is ov erstock ed ,

a n d buyi n g and s elli n g are amo n g t h e i n t eresti n g acc esso ri es

of t he g am e s econd o n ly to t he pleasurabl e excit em ent of

,

submitti n g o n e s favourit es to t he j udgm en t of t he show ri n g

’
-
.

Th e d elights of b reedi n g a n d reari n g S hould be th eir own

re wa rd ,
as th ey usually a re y et som ethi n g mo re than m ere
,

p i-
n mo n e y c a n be mad e by t h e al ert amat eu r who poss ess es

a k en n el of ackn owl edged m erit a n d who kn o ws how to turn ,

it to accou n t A champion o ught easily to earn his own

.
‘

livi n g som e a re a sou rc e of han dsom e reven u e .

2 O ccasio n ally on e h ears of v ery hi gh p ric es b ei n g paid for

dogs ack n owl edged to be p erfect sp ecim en s of th ei r b reed .

F or t h e St B ern ard Sir B elvid ere sixt een hu n dr ed pou n ds

.

were o ff ered P lin limmon wa s sold for a thousan d t he sam e

.
,

sum that was p ai d for t he Bulldog R odn ey Sto n e For t he .

1 0
3
31 2 D OG S AN D ALL AB OU T T HE M
Th e Scottish K en n el Club or Birmi n gham and th ere choos e
, ,

t he dog from t he b en ch es buyi n g him at his cat alogu e pric e

, .

In d et ermi n i n g t he choice of a b reed it is to be rem emb ered

that som e are b ett er watchdogs than oth ers som e more ,

docile som e safer with chi ldren The S iz e of t he breed should

,
.

be r elative to t he accommodatio n availabl e To hav e a St . .

B ern ard or a G reat D an e galumphi n g about a small hous e is

an inconv en i en c e and spo rti n g dogs which requi re co n stant
,

ex ercis e and freedom are not suit ed to t he co n fin ed life of a

Bloomsbury fl at Nor a re t he lo n g hai red breeds at th ei r

.
-

b est d raggli n g round in t he wet muddy streets of a city , .

For town life t h e cl ean l egged Terri er t he Bulldog t he Pug

-
, , ,

and t he Schipp erk e a re to be p referred Bitch es are cl ean er .

in th e hous e an d mo re tractabl e than dogs The id ea that .

th ey are mo re t roubl e than dogs is a fallacy The di fficulty

‘

aris es o n ly twice in a twelv emonth for a few days and if you ,

a re watchful th ere n eed be n o misadv en tu re .

If o n ly on e dog or two or th ree of th e small er kinds be kept

, , ,

th ere is n o imp erativ e n eed for a n outdoor k en n el although ,

all dogs are t h e b ett er for life in t he op en air The hous e dog .
-

may be fed with m eat scraps from t he kitch en s erv ed as an

-

ev en i n g m eal with rod n irn or a dry biscuit for breakfast

, .

Th e duty of feedin g hi m S hould be in t he ha n ds of on e p erson

o n ly Wh en it is ev erybo dy s a n d nobody s duty he is apt
.
’ ’

to be n egl ect ed at on e tim e and ov erfed at an oth er R egu .

la rit y of f ee di n g is on e of t he s ecrets of succ essful dog k eepi n g -

.

It ought also to be on e p erso n s duty to s ee that h e has frequ en t

’

acc ess to t he yard or gard en that he g ets pl en ty of clean dri n k

,

in g wat er pl en ty of outdoo r ex ercis e a n d a comfortabl e bed

, , .

For t he toy an d d elicat e b reeds it is a good plan to hav e a

dog room s et apart with a suitabl e cag e or bask et k en n el for
-
,
-

e ach dog .

E v en d elicat e Toy dogs how ev er ought not to be per

, ,

man en t ly lodg ed within doo rs an d t h e dog room is o n ly com ,

-

p let e w h en it has as an an n ex e a grass plot for playgroun d

an d free ex ercis e Next to whol esom e a n d regular food
.
,
 P RA C T IC AL M ANAG E M EN T 31 3

fresh air and sun shi n e a re t h e prim e n ec essari es of h ealt h y

co n ditio n Weakn ess an d dis eas e com e mo re frequ en tly from
.

i n j u di cious feedi n g an d h ousi n g than from a n y o t h er caus e .

Amo n g the free an d own erl ess pariah dogs of t he E ast dis eas e
is almost un kn own .

For th e k en n els of our Britis h b re d dogs p erhaps a south ern -

,

or a south w est ern asp ect is t h e b est but wh erev er it is plac ed

-
,

th e k en n el must be suffi ci en tly S h elt ered from rai n a n d wi n d ,

and it ought to be p rovid ed with a cov ered run in whi ch t he

i n mat es may h av e full lib erty An awn i n g of som e ki n d is .

n ec essary Trees aff o rd good S h elt er from t he s un rays but

.
-
,

th ey harbou r moistu re an d damp must be avoid ed at all,

costs Wh en o n ly on e outdoor dog is k ept a k en n el ca n be

.
,

improvis ed out of a packi n g cas e suppo rt ed on b ri cks abov e -

,

t h e grou n d with t h e en t ra n c e p rop erly S hi eld ed from t h e

,

weath er No dog S h ould be allow ed to liv e in a k en n el in

.

which h e can n ot turn rou n d at full l en gth Prop erly con .

struct ed portabl e an d w ell v en tilat ed k en n els for S i n gl e

, ,
-

dogs are n ot exp en siv e a n d a re gr eatly to be p referred to an y

amat eurish mak eshift A good on e for a t erri er n eed n ot
.

cost mo re than a po un d It is usually t h e S i n gl e dog that

.

s uffers most from imp erfect accommodatio n His k en n el is .

gen erally too small to admit of a good bed of st raw and if ,

th ere is n o rail ed in ru n attach ed h e must n eeds be chai n ed

-

up Th e dog that is k ept on th e ch ai n b ecom es di rty in his

.

habits u n happy an d savage His chai n is oft en too sho rt an d

, , .

is n ot p rovid ed with swiv els to av ert ki n ks On a sudd en .

alarm or on t h e app earanc e of a t respassi n g tabby h e will

, ,

oft en bou n d fo rward at t he risk of dislocati n g hi s n eck .

Th e ya rd dog s chain ought always to be fi tt ed with a stop

’
-

li n k S prin g to cou n t eract t h e effect of t he sudd en j erk Th e .

m et h od may be employ ed with advan tag e in t he gard en for

s ev eral dogs a s epa rat e rop e b ein g us ed for each
, Un fri en dly .

dogs can thus be k ept saf ely apart a n d still be to som e ext en t
at lib erty .

T h ere is n o obvious advantag e in k eepi n g a watch dog -

3 4
2 D OG S A N D A L L A B OU T T HE M
on th e chain rath er than in a n en clos ed compoun d unless he ,

is exp ect ed to go for a possible burglar a n d attack him .

A wi re n etti n g en clos ure can easily be co n struct ed at v ery

-

little expen s e For t he mo re po werful dogs t he us e of wrought

.

i ron raili n gs is advisabl e an d th es e can be p rocu red ch eaply

from Spratt s or Boulto n a n d Paul s fitt ed w
,

’
ith gat es and ’

with r evolvi n g t roughs for feedi n g from t he outsid e .

O pin io n s di ffer as to t he b est mat erial for t he fl oo ri n g of

k en n els a n d t h e pavi n g of runs Asphalt e is suitabl e for .

eith er in mild w eath er but in summ er it b ecom es u n comfort

,

ably hot for t he f eet u n l ess it is partly compos ed of cork

, .

Co n cret e has its adva n tag es if t he surfac e can be k ept d ry .

Flagsto n es a re cold for wi n t er as als o are til es a n d bricks , .

For t erri ers who en j oy bu rrowi n g earth is t he b est grou n d

, ,

for t he run a n d it can be k ept free from di rt a n d buri ed bo n es

,

by a rak e over in t h e mo rn i n g whil e tufts of grass l eft rou n d ,

t h e margi n s supply th e dogs n atural m edici n e The movabl e

’
.

S l eepi n g b en ch must of cours e be of wood rais ed a few

, , ,

i n ch es abov e t he fl oo r with a l edg e to k eep in t h e straw or

,

oth er b eddi n g Wood en fl oors a re op en to t he obj ection that

.

t h ey abso rb t h e uri n e ; but dogs should be taught not to

foul th ei r n est a n d in a n y cas e a frequ ent d isi n fecti n g with a
,

solutio n of P earso n s or J eyes fl uid S hould obviat e impurity

’ ’

whil e fl eas which tak e refug e in t he dust b etween t he pla n ks

, ,

may be dismiss ed or k ept away with a spri n kli n g of paraffin .

What ever t he floori n g scrupulous cl ean li n ess in t he k en n el is

,

a prim e n ec essity a n d t he i n n er walls should be frequ en tly

,

limewas h ed .It is impo rtan t too that n o Scraps of rej ect ed , ,

food or bo n es s h ould be l eft lyi n g a bout to b ecom e putrid or

to t empt t h e visits of rats which b ri n g fl eas If t he dogs d o , .

n ot fini sh th ei r food wh en it is s erv e d to th em it should be ,

remov ed u n til hu n g er giv es app etit e for t h e n ext m eal .

Man y b reed ers of t h e larg e a n d thick coat ed vari eti es such -

,

as St B ern ards Newfou n dlan ds O ld E n glish Sh eepdogs

. , , ,

a n d rough hai red Colli es giv e th ei r dogs n othi n g to lie upo n

-
,

but cl ean bare boards Th e coat is its elf a suffici en t cushio n

.
,
 C HA PTE R L
B R E E D I NG A ND W H E L P I NG

THE mod ern p ractic e of dog br eedi n g in G reat Britain has

-

reach ed a co n ditio n which may be est eem ed as an a rt A t no .

oth er tim e a n d in n o oth er cou n t ry hav e t h e various ca n in e

, ,

typ es b een k ept mo re rigidly disti n ct or b rought to a high er

r n —
l ev el of p erfectio n Form e ly dog ow ers apart from th e -

k eep ers of packs of hou n ds—paid scan t att ention to t he

.

di ff eren tiatio n of b reeds a n d t he co n s ervation of typ e and ,

th ey co n sid ered it n o s erious b reach of duty to ign or e t he

pri n cipl es of sci en tific s el ectio n a n d thus co n t ribut e to t he
,

multiplication of mo n gr els D iscrimi n at e b reedi n g was rar e

.
,

a n d if a Bulldog S h ould mat e h ims elf with a G r eyhou n d or a ,

Span i el with a Terri er t h e al lian c e was rega rd ed m erely as an

,

i n co n v en i en c e So carel ess w ere own ers in prev en ti n g t he

.

promiscuous mi n gli n g of ali en breeds t h at it is littl e short

of su rprisi n g so ma n y of our can i n e typ es hav e b een pres erv ed
in th ei r i n t egrity .

Th e elimi n atio n of t h e n o n d esc ript cur is n o doubt la rg ely

d ue to t h e wo rk of t h e h om es for lost dogs t h at a re i n stitut ed
in most of our great to wn s E v ery y ea r som e
. hom el ess
a n d own erl ess ca n i n es a re pick ed up by t h e polic e in t h e st reets

of L o n do n and duri n g t h e fo rty s even y ea rs which hav e elaps ed

,
-

S i n c e t h e D ogs Hom e at Batt ers ea wa s establish ed up wa rds

’

of dogs hav e pass ed th rough t he books a few to be ,

r eclaim ed o r boug h t t h e great maj o rity to be put to d eath

, .

A v ery larg e p ropo rtio n of th es e h av e b een v eritabl e mo n grels ,

n ot wo rth t h e valu e of th ei r en e —
lic c s dis eas ed a n d maim ed
cu rs or bitch es in wh elp tu rn ed ruthl essly ad rift to be
, ,

3 1 6
 B RE E D I NG A N D WHEL PI NG 3 1 7

co n sign ed to t he oblivion of t he l ethal chamb er wh ere t he ,

tho roughb red s eldom fin ds its way An d if as man y as 5 0 0 .

u n d esi rabl es a re d estroyed every week at on e such i n s t itutio n ,

’
tis cl ear t h at t he ill b red mo n grel must soo n altog eth er
-

di sapp ear B u t t h e c h i e f facto r in t he g en eral imp rov em en t

.

of our can i n e populatio n is d u e to t he st eadily gro wi n g ca re

and p rid e which a re b esto wed upo n t he dog a n d to t h e ,

sci en ti fic skill with which he is b ei n g b red .

A dmitti n g that t h e dogs s een at our b est co n t emporary

sho ws a re sup erlativ e exampl es of sci en ti fic s el ectio n on e has ,

y e t to ack n owl e dg e that t h e p roc ess of b reedi n g for S how points

has its disadvantages a n d that in t h e spo rti n g a n d pastoral

, ,

vari eti es more esp ecially utility is apt to be sacrificed to

,

ornam ent and typ e a n d stami n a to fan cy qualiti es n ot always

,

relativ e to t h e a n imal s capaciti es as a work er The stand

’
.

a rds of p erfectio n a n d scal es of poi n ts laid do wn by t h e

sp ecialist clubs a re usually admi rabl e guid es to t he u n i n it iat ed ,

but th ey are oft en u n reaso n ably a rbit ra ry in th ei r i n sist enc e

upo n c ertai n d et ai ls of form —g en erally in t he n eighbou rhood
—
of th e h ead whil e th ey l eave t h e qualiti es of typ e an d
charact er to look aft er th ems elves or to be totally i gnored .

It is n ec essary to assure t he b egi n n er in b reedi n g that poi n ts

a re ess en tially of f a r l ess mom en t than typ e and a good con

s t it ut ion .Th e on e thi n g n ec essa ry in t he cultivation of t he

dog is to b ear in mi n d t h e purpos e for which he is suppos ed
to be employ ed a n d to aim at adapti n g or co n s ervi n g his
,

physiqu e to t he b est fulfilm en t of t h at pu rpos e rem emb eri n g ,

that t he G reyhou n d h as tuck ed up loi n s to give elasticity a n d

-

b en d to t he body in ru n ni n g that a Terri er is k ept small to

,

en abl e him t he b ett er to en t er a n ea rth that a Bulldog is

,

massive an d u n d ershot for en cou n t ers in t h e bull ri n g that th e ,

Colli e s ears a re erect ed to assist him in h eari n g sou n ds from

’

afar as thos e of t h e Blood houn d a re p en da n t t he mo re

, ,

r eadi ly to d et ect sou n ds comi n g to him alo n g t h e grou n d whil e

his h ead is b ent to t he trail Natu re h as b een discriminat e
‘

in her adaptatio n s of a n imal fo rms an d t he most p erfe ct ,

3 1 8 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

dog y et b red is the on e which app roach es n ear est to Nature s ’

wis e i n t en tio n .

The fo regoi n g chapt ers hav e giv en abu n d an t exampl es of

how t h e vari ous breeds of t he dog have b een acquir ed ,

man ufactu red improv ed res uscitat ed an d ret ai n ed B roadly

, , , .

sp eak i n g t wo m ethods hav e b een adopt ed : Th e m ethod of

,

i n t roduci n g a n outc ross to impart n ew blood n ew stren gth , ,

n ew cha ract er ; an d t h e m ethod of i n b reedi n g to r etain an

approv ed typ e An outcross is i n t roduc ed wh en t h e b reed

.

op erat ed upo n is d eclini n g in stami n a or is in dan ger

o f exti n ctio n or wh en som e n ew physical or m ental
,
'

quality is d esi red New typ es a n d ecc en t riciti es are

.

hardly wan t ed howev er and t h e ext rem e requi rem ents of

, ,

an outcross may n owadays be achi eved by t he simpl e proc ess

of s el ecti n g i n dividuals from di fferi n g strai n s of t he sam e
b reed mati n g a bitch which lacks t he required points with a
,

dog in whos e family th ey a re p romi n en tly a n d co n sist ently

pres en t .

I n b reedi n g is t he r ev ers e of outcrossi n g It is t he practice

.

of mati n g an imals clos ely relat ed to ea ch oth er and it is , ,

withi n limits a n en ti rely justifiabl e m ea n s of p res erving and

,

i n t en sifyi n g family charact eristics It is a law in zoology

.

t hat an an im al can n ot t ran smit a quali ty which it do es not

its elf i n n at ely poss ess or which n o n e of its prog en itors has
,

e v er poss ess ed By mati n g a dog a n d a bitch of t he sam e

.

family th erefo re you co n c en trat e a n d en h an c e t he uniform

, ,

i n h eritabl e qualiti es i n to on e li n e i n st ead of t wo a n d you ,

reduc e t h e n umb er of possibly h et erog en eous anc esto rs by

e xactly a half ri ght back to th e v ery b egi n n i n g Th ere is n o .

surer way of m ai n t ai n i n g un iformity of typ e a n d an exami n a ,

tio n of t h e ext en d ed p edigree of alm ost an y famous dog will

S h ow how commo n ly i n b reedi n g is p ractis ed I n breedi n g is .

c ertai n ly advan tag eous wh en man ag ed with j udgm en t and

d isc reet s el ectio n but it has its disadva n tag es also for it is
, ,

to be rem emb ered that faults a n d bl emish es are i n h erit ed as

w ell as m erits a n d that t h e faults h av e a way of ass erti n g
,
3 20 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
youth an d th ere is n o doubt that with regard to t he Bulldog
great mo rtality occu rs in att emptin g to b reed from m ai d en
bitch es exc eedi n g three y ears old I n ahn os t all breeds it is
.

t h e cas e that t h e first th ree litt ers a re t h e b est It is accord .

in gly impo rtant that a p rop er mati n g S h ould be co n sid ered

at t he outs et a n d a p rosp ectiv e sire s elect ed eith er through
,

t he m edi um of stud adv ertis em en ts or by privat e a rran g em en t

with t he own er of t he d esi red dog For t he paym en t of .

t h e r equisit e stud fee va ryi n g from a gui n ea to t en or fift een

,

pounds t he s ervic es of t h e b est dogs of t h e particular breed

,

can usually be s ecu red It is customary for t he bitch to be

.

t he visitor an d i t is well that her visit S hould ext end to two or

,

three days at t he l east Wh en possible a respo n sibl e p erso n

.

should accompan y her .

If t he stud dog is a frequ ent er of S hows h e can usually be

d ep en d ed upo n to be in sou n d physical conditio n No dog .

who is n ot so ca n be exp ect ed to win priz es But it ought t o .

be asc ertai n ed b efo re ha n d that he is what is kn own as a good

stock g ett er The fee is for his s ervic es n ot for t he r esult of
-
. ,

th em Som e o wn ers of stud dogs will grant two s ervic es

.
,

a n d this is oft en d esi rabl e esp ecially in t h e cas e of a maid en

,

bitch or of a stud dog that is ov er wrought as so many are

-
, .

It is most impo rtan t that both t h e mat ed an imals should be

fr ee from wo rms a n d S ki n diso rd ers Fifty per c ent of t he
. .

casu alti es amo n g you n g puppi es a re d ue to on e or oth er of

t h e pa rents havi n g b een in an u n h ealthy conditio n wh en
mat ed A wi n t er wh elpi n g is n ot advisabl e It is b est
. .

for puppi es to be bo rn in t h e S p ri n g or ea rly summ er thus ,

escapi n g t h e rigou rs of i n cl em en t weath er .

D u ri n g t he p eriod of g estation t he breedi n g bitch should

hav e ampl e but n ot viol en t ex ercis e with vari ed and whol e
,

som e food i n clu di n g som e p reparation of bo n e m eal a n d at

,

about t h e thi rd w eek wh eth er sh e s eems to r equi re it or not

, ,

S h e S hould be t reat ed for wo rms A t about t he S ixti eth day

.

S he will b egi n to be un easy a n d restl ess A mild pu rgativ e

.

should be giv en usually salad oil is en ough but if co n stipa ,

 B REED I NG AN D WHEL PI NG 3 2 1

tion is apparen t casto r oil may be n ec essary On t he sixty .

s eco n d day t he w h elps may be exp ect ed a n d ev erythi n g ought ,

to be in readi n es s for t he even t .

A coars ely co n stitut ed bitch may be trust ed to look aft er

h ers elf on th es e occasio n s n o h elp is n ec essary and on e may ,

com e down in t he morn i n g to fin d h er with her litt er com

f ort a bly n estli n g at h er SI d e But with t he Toy b reeds and
.
,

t he b reeds that hav e b een rear ed in arti fi cial co n di tio n s ,

di ffi cult or prot ract ed parturition is frequ en t an d human ,

a ss is t ance ough t to be at han d in cas e of n eed The own er .

of a valuabl e Bull bitch for exampl e would n ever thi n k of

, ,

l eavi n g her to her own u n aid ed d evic es All u n du e i n t er .

feren ce ho wever should be avoid ed an d it is absolut ely

, , ,

n ec essary that th e p erso n att en di n g her should be on e with

whom S he is fondly familiar .

In anticipatio n of a possibly n um erous litt er a fost er moth er ,

-

should be arrang ed for b efo rehand Comfortabl e quart ers .

should be p repared in a qui et part of t he hous e or k en n els ,

warm an d free from draughts Cl ean b eddi n g of W h eat en

, .

st raw S hould be provid ed but th e bitch S hould be allowed to

,

make her n est in h er own i n sti n ctive fashio n L et her have .

easy acc ess to dri n ki n g wat er S h e will p robabl e r efus e food

.

for a few hou rs b efo re h er tim e but a littl e co n c en trat ed ,

n ourishm ent such as B ra n d s E ss en c e or a dri n k of warm milk

’

, ,

sho uld be o ff ered to her I n furth er preparatio n for th e

.

co n fin em en t a basin of wat er co n t ai n in g an tis eptic for washi ng

in to wels warm milk a fl ask oi b ran dy a bottl e of ergoti n e
, , ,
-

, ,

and a pai r of scissors a re commo di ti es which may all be

r equi red in em erg en cy The ergot whi ch must be us ed with
.
,

ext rem e caution a n d o n ly wh en t h e labou r p ai n s hav e com

men ced is i n valuabl e wh en parturitio n is prot ract ed an d th ere

, ,

is diffi cult st rai ni n g without result Its effect is to cont ract .

t h e womb an d exp el t he cont en ts But wh en t he puppi es a re

.

exp ell ed with eas e it is sup erfl uous For a bitch of 1 0 lb . .

in weight t en d rops of t h e ext ract of ergot in a t easpoonful of

wat er should be ampl e giv en by t h e mouth Th e scisso rs a re
, .

v
3 22 D OG S AND ALL A B OU T T HE M
for s ev eri n g th e umbilical cord if t he moth er should fail to do
it in h er own n atural way Som etim es a puppy may be en
.

clos ed withi n a m emb ran e whi ch t he darn can n ot readily op en

with to n gu e and t eeth If h elp is n ecessary it should be gi v en
.

t end erly a n d with cl ean fin g ers O ccasio n ally a puppy may.

s eem to be i n ert a n d lifel ess a n d aft er rep eat edly licki n g it

,

t he bitch may r eli n quish all effo rt at resto ratio n a n d turn h er

att entio n to an oth er that is b ei n g born I n such a circum .

stan c e t h e r ej ect ed li ttl e on e may be discr eetly r emoved an d a ,

drop of b ran dy on t he poi n t of t h e fin g er sm eared upon its

to n gu e may revive an imatio n or it may be plun g ed up to t h e
,

n eck in warm wat er . The obj ect S hould be to k eep it warm

and to mak e it b reath e Wh en t he puppi es a re all born th eir
.
,

dam may be given a dri n k of warm milk a n d th en l eft alo n e

to th ei r toil et a n d to suckl e th em If a n y should be d ead th es e
.
,

ought to be dispos ed of Curiosity in regard to t he oth ers

.

S hould be t empo ra rily r epr ess ed a n d insp ectio n of th em ,

d elay ed u ntil a mo re fitti n g opportunity If an y a re th en s een .

to be malfo rm ed or to hav e cl eft palat es th es e had b ett er ,

be remov ed a n d m ercifully d est roy ed .

It is t he exp eri enc e of man y obs erv ers that t h e first wh elps
bo rn in a litt er a re t he stro n g est larg est a n d h ealthi est If , , .

t he li tt er is a larg e on e t h e last bo rn may be n otic eably pu n y

, ,

and this disparity in S iz e may conti n u e to maturity The wis e .

breed er will d ecid e for hims elf how man y wh elps S hould be
l eft to t he care of th eir dam The n umb er S hould be r elativ e
.

to her h ealth a n d co n stitutio n a n d in a n y cas e it is well n ot

,

to give her so man y that th ey will be a drai n upo n h er Those

breeds of dogs that hav e b een most highly d ev elop ed by ma n
a n d that app ea r to hav e t h e gr eat est amou n t of brai n a n d

i n t elligen c e a re g en erally t he most proli fi c as to t he n umb er of

puppi es th ey p roduc e St B ern ards Poi n t ers S ett ers are
. .
, ,

n otabl e for t h e usual st ren gth of th ei r famili es St B ern ards . .

have b een k n own to p roduc e as man y as eight een wh elps at

a birth an d it is n o u n commo n thi n g for th em to produce from
,

n i n e to tw elv e
. A Poi n t er of Mr Barclay Fi eld s produc ed .
’
3 4
2 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
re mot est S i gn of havi n g a wo rm a n d th e puppi es hav e almost
,

gallop ed i n to h ealthy h appy matu rity prot ect ed from all t he

, ,

usual can in e ai lm en ts by co n stitutio n s imp ervious to dis eas e .

He has s een oth ers almost eat en away by worms . G reat

writhi n g k n ots of th em hav e b een ej ect ed th ey hav e b een
vomit ed th ey hav e wriggl ed out of t he n ostrils th ey hav e
p erfo rat ed t he stomach an d wrought such damage that most
of t he puppi es succumb ed an d thos e that surviv ed w ere
,

p erman en tly d efici en t in stami n a a n d liable to go wro n g on t he

l east prov oca t in g The puppy that is free from worms starts
.

life with a gr eat adva n tag e .

 C HA P TE R L I
S OM E C O M M O N A IL M E NT S OF T H E D O G A ND
T H E I R T R E A T M E NT

T HE xp eri en c ed dog o wn er h a s lo n g ago realis e d that cl ea n li n ess

e -
,

whol esom e food j udicious ex ercis e a n d a d ry comfo rtabl e a n d well

, ,

v en tilat ed k en n el are t h e su rest safeguards of h ealth a n d that att en tio n ,

to th es e n ecessar i es sav es him an in fi n it u d e of troubl e an d a n xi ety

by p rot ecti n g his dogs from dis eas e On t h e first app ea ra n c e of ill n ess
.

in his k en n els t h e wis e dog o wn er at o n c e calls in t h e skill of a good

-

v et erin ary su rg eo n but th ere a re som e of t h e mi n o r ailm en ts wh ich h e

,

can d e al with hims elf wh ils t h e o u ght at l ea st t o b e abl e to re cogn is e

t h e fi rst symptoms of t h e d read e d D i s t emp er a n d giv e fi rst a id un til t h e
v et a rriv es to apply his rem e di es a n d giv e p rof essio n al advic e
. .

D I S TE MP E R .

Alth ough mo re tha n on e hu n dre d y ea rs hav e elaps ed si n c e t h is

was first impo rt ed to this cou n try fr om F ra n c e a gr e at a mou n t of ,

misu n d ersta n din g still p revails amo n g a la rg e s ectio n of dog b reed ers -

r e gar di n g its tru e n atu re a n d o rigi n T h e fact is t h e dis eas e cam e

.
,

to us with a b ad n am e f or t h e F ren ch th ems elv es d eem e d it in cu ra bl e

, .

I n this cou n t ry t h e old fashio n e d pla n of t reatm en t wa s wo n t to b e

-

t h e usual rough rem e di es—e m etics pu rgativ es t h e s eto n a n d t h e

, , ,

lan cet F ailin g in this sp ecifics of all so rts were eagerly sought f or
.
,

an d tri ed an d ar e u n fo rtu n at ely st ill b eli ev e d in to a v ery great e xt en t

, .

D ist emp er has a c ertai n cou rs e to ru n a n d in this dis eas e N atu re ,

s eems to att empt t h e elimi n atio n of t h e poiso n th rough t h e s e cretio n s

thro wn out by t h e n aso phary n g eal mucous m emb ra n e
-
.

Our chi ef di fficulty in t h e t reatm en t of dist emp er li es in t he

compli catio n s th ereof W e may a n d often do hav e t h e o rgan s of
.
, ,

respiratio n attack e d ; we hav e som etimes co n g estio n of t h e liv er or ,

mucous i n fl ammatio n of t h e bile ducts or som e l esio n of t h e b rai n or

,

n ervous st ructu res combi n ed with epil epsy co n vulsio n s or cho rea
, , , .

D ist emp er is also oft en complicat e d with s ev ere dis eas e of t h e bo wels ,

a n d at times with an a ff e ctio n of t h e ey es

C a us es —
.

W h eth er it b e that t h e d ist emp er virus ; t h e poiso n s eed lin g

o f t h e dis eas e r e ally o ri gi n at e s in t h e k en n el or is t h e result of co n t a ct
, ,

o f on e dog with a n oth er or wh eth er t h e poiso n fl oats to t h e k en n el on

,

t h e win gs of t h e win d or is car ri ed th ere on a sho e or t h e poi n t of a

,

walkin g stick t h e follo wi n g facts ought to b e bo rn e in mi n d ( 1 ) A n y

-
,

th in g that d ebili tat es t h e body or weak en s t h e n ervous syst em pav es

3 2 6 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
t h e way f or t h e dist emp er poiso n ( 2) t h e h ealthi er t h e do g t h e mo re
po wer e do s
he poss ess to resist co n tagio n ; ( 3 ) wh en t h e dis eas e is
e pizootic it ca n oft en b e k ept at bay by p rop er att en tio n to di et a n d
,

e x ercis e ,
fre qu en t chan g e of k en n el straw an d p erfect cl ean lin ess ; ,

( )
4 t h e p re disposi n g caus e s which hav e com e mo r e imm e diat ely u n d er

my n otic e are d eb ility cold damp starvatio n filthy k en n els n u

, , , , ,

whol esom e food impu re a ir an d g ri e f

T h e A ge a t wh ich D ogs tak e D is temp er—T h ey may tak e dist emp er
, , .

at a n y a ge ; t h e most commo n tim e of life is from t h e fifth t ill t h e

el ev en th o r t welfth mo n th
S y mp toms —T h ere is fi rst a n d fo remost a p eriod of lat en cy or of
.

, ,

i n cubatio n in which th ere is mo re or l ess of dull n ess a n d loss of app etit e

, ,

a n d this glid e s g radually i n to a stat e of f ev erish n ess T h e fev er may .

b e ush ere d in with chills a n d shiv eri n g T h e n os e n ow b e com e s hot .

a n d d ry t h e dog is re stl ess an d thirsty an d t h e co n ju n ctiv ae of t h e e y e s

, ,

will b e fou n d to b e co n sid erably i n j e ct ed S om eti m es t h e bo wels .

are at fi rst co n stipat e d but th ey a r e mo re usually i rre gula r

, S n ee zi n g .

will also b e frequ en t an d in som e cas es cough d ry a n d husky at fi rst

, , .

T h e t e mp eratu re should b e tak en a n d if th ere is a ris e of t wo or t hree ,

e g re e s t h e cas e should b e tre at e d as dist emp er an d n ot as a commo n

d ,

cold .

A t t h e comm en c em en t th ere is but littl e e xudatio n from t h e ey e s

a n d n os e but as t h e dis e as e adva n c es this symptom will b e com e mo re
,

mark e d b ei n g cl ear at fi rst S o too will a n oth er symptom which

, .
, ,

is partially diagn ostic of t h e malady n am ely in creas e d h eat of body , ,

combin ed with a rapid falli n g off in fl esh som etim es i n d eed p roc eedi n g , , ,

quickly on to positive e maciatio n .

A s t h e dis eas e creeps do wn war ds a n d i n wards alo n g t h e ai r passages -

,

t h e ch est g ets mo re a n d mo re aff e ct e d t h e discharg e of mucus a n d pus ,

from t h e n ostrils mo re abu n da n t a n d t h e cough los es its dry charact er

, ,

b ecomin g moist T h e discha rg e from t h e eyes is simply mucus an d pus

.
,

but if n ot co n sta n tly d ri e d away will gum t h e i n fl am ed lids togeth er ,

that from t h e n ostrils is n ot o n ly pu rul en t but often mixe d with dark ,

blood T h e app etite is n ow cl ean go n e an d th ere is oft en vomitin g

.
,

a n d occasio n al attacks of dia rrhoea .

N ow in mild cas e s we may look f or som e abat em en t of t h e symptoms

about t h e fou rteen th day T h e fev er g ets l ess i n fl ammatio n d ecreas es
.
,

in t h e mucous passag es a n d app etit e is resto re d as on e of t h e fi rst sig n s

,

of retu rn i n g h ealth Mo re often ho wev er t h e dis eas e b ecom es

.
, ,

complicat e d
D ia gn os is —Th e diagn ostic symptoms are t h e s ev ere catarrh
.

combi n e d n ot o n ly with fever but sp ee dy emaciatio n , .

P n eumon ia as we might easily imagi n e is a v ery lik ely complicatio n

, , ,

a n d a v ery da n g er ous o n e T h ere is g reat dist ress in b re athi n g t h e

.
,

a n imal pa n ti n g rapi dly T h e cou n t en a n ce is a n xious t h e puls e small

.
,

a n d fre qu en t a n d t h e ex t remit ies cold

, T h e a n im al would fai n sit u p .

on his hau n ch es or e v en s ee k to get out i n to t h e fresh a ir but sick n ess

, , ,

we ak n e ss a n d p rost ratio n oft en fo rbid his mov em en ts

, I f t h e ear .

o r st e thoscop e b e appli e d to t h e ch e st t h e char act eristic sign s of ,

p n eumo n ia will b e h ear d th es e are sou n ds of moist crepitatio n s et c , .

B ron chitis is p robably t h e most commo n complicatio n in fact ,

 3 2 8 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T H E M
On t h e xt day b egi n with a mixtu re such as t h e follo win g S olutio n
ne
of acet at e of ammo n ia 3 0 drops to 1 20 s weet spirits of n itre 1 5 d rops
, ,

to 60 salicylate of soda 2 grai n s to 1 0 T h ric e daily in a littl e campho r

, .

wat er .

I f th e cough b e v ery troubl esom e a n d t h e fever do es n ot run v ery .

high t h e follo wi n g may b e substitut ed f or this on t h e s e co n d or th ird

,

day : S yrup of s quills 1 0 drops to 6 0 tin ctu re of h en ban e 1 0 dro p s

, ,

to 6 0 s weet S pi rits of n itre 1 0 drops to 6 0 in campho r wat er , , .

A f ew d rops of dilut e hydrochlo ric acid should b e add e d to t h e dog s

’

d ri n k a n d t wo t easpoo n fuls ( to a qu art of wat er) of t h e chlo rat e of

,

potash T his mak es a n excell en t fever d ri n k e s p ecially if th e dog

— barl ey wat er—i n st ead of p lain
.
,

ca n b e got to tak e d e coctio n of ba r l ey -

cold wat er b e st mad e of K een a n d R obi n so n s pat en t barl ey

’
.
,

I f th ere b e p ersisten t sick n ess a n d vomiti n g t h e m edici n e must ,

b e stopp e d f or a tim e S mall bolus es of ice frequ en tly admi n ist ere d
.

will do much good an d dos es of dilut e p russic acid from on e to four

, ,

drops in a littl e wat er will g en erally arrest t h e vomiti n g

, .

I f co n sti p atio n b e p res en t we must us e n o rough rem edi es to get

A littl e raw m eat cut i n to small p i e ces—mi n c e d in fact
,

rid of it .
,

or a small po rtio n of ra w liv er may b e giv en if th ere b e littl e fev er ,

if th ere b e fev er we a re to trust f or a tim e to i n j e ctio n s of plai n soap

,

an d wat er
- D ia rrh oe a although oft en a t roubl esom e symptom is
.
, , ,

it must b e rem emb ered a salutary on e Un l ess th erefo re it b ecom e s

, .
, ,

exc essiv e do n ot i n t erfere

, if it do es giv e t h e simpl e chalk mixtu re ,

th ree tim es a day but n o lo n g er tha n is n ee dful

, .

Th e discha rg e from t h e mouth an d n os e is to b e wi p e d away with a

soft ra g—or b ett er still som e t ow which is aft erwards to b e bu rn ed
, , ,

wett e d with a weak solutio n of ca rbolic Th e fo reh ead e y es a n d n os e .

, ,

may be fom en t ed t wo or th ree tim es a day with mod erately h ot wat er

with great adva n tag e .

I t is n ot j udicious to wet a lo n g haired dog much but a sho rt haired on e -

,
-

may hav e t h e ch est a n d th roat well fom en t e d s ev eral tim es a day an d ,

well rubb e d d ry aft erwa rds H eat appli e d to t h e ch ests of lo n g haired

.
-

dogs by m ea n s of a fl at iro n will also e ffe ct good .

T h e follo wi n g is a n e xc ell en t to n ic S ulphat e of qui n i n e i to 3 grain s ,

po wd ere d rhub arb 2 to 1 0 gr ai n s extract of taraxacum 3 to 20

, ,

g rai n s ; mak e a bolus T hrice daily . .

D u ri n g co n val escen c e good food Vi rol S p ratts i n valid food a n d

’
, ,

i n valid biscuit mod erat e ex ercis e fresh a ir a n d p rot ectio n from cold
, , , .

T h es e with a n occasio n al mild dos e of casto r oil or rhuba rb a re to b e

, ,

o ur sh eet a n cho rs -
I fi n d n o b e tt er to n ic tha n t h e tabl ets of P hos
.

feri n e On e quart er of a tabl et th ric e daily roll e d in tissu e p ap er f or

.
, ,

a T oy dog up to t wo tabl ets f or a dog of Mastiff siz e

, .

B R O NCH I T I S .

D ogs that hav e b een expos e d to wet or that hav e b een put to lie in ,

a damp or draughty k en n el with i n suffici en t food are n ot l ess liabl e ,

than th e ir mast ers to catch a s ev ere cold which if n ot p romptly , ,

att en d ed to may ext en d do wn ward to t h e li n i n g m emb ra n es of b ro n chi

,

or lun gs I n such cas es th ere is al ways s y mptoms mo re or l ess of f ev er

.
,

with fits of shiv eri n g an d thirst accom p an i ed with dulln ess a ti red app ear , ,
 A I L M EN T S A N D T HE I R T REAT M EN T 3 2 9

a n ce a nd loss of app etit e Th e b reath is sho rt in spiratio n s pai n ful a n d

.
, ,

th ere is a rattli n g of mucus in ch est or throat T h e most p romi n en t .

symptom p erhaps is t h e fre qu en t cough I t is at fi rst d ry rin gin g

, , .
, ,

a n d e viden tly pai n ful in a f ew days ho wev er or soo n er it soft en s , , , ,

a n d t h ere is a discha rg e of fr othy mucus with it an d in t h e latt er , ,

stages of pus a n d ropy mucus

Trea tmen t—K eep t h e pati en t in a comfo rtabl e well v en tilat e d
.
,
-
,

apartm en t with free access in a n d out if t h e weath er b e d ry L et t h e

, .

b o wels b e freely act ed upo n to b egin with but n o weak en i n g dischar ge ,

from t h e bo wels must b e k ept up A ft er t h e bo wels hav e b een mov e d .

we should comm en c e t h e e xhibitio n of small dos es of tarta r em etic

with squills a n d opium th ric e a day I f t h e cough is v ery t roubl esom e .
,

giv e th is mixtu re : T i n ctu re of squills 5 d rops to 3 0 ; par e go ric 1 0 , ,

drops to 6 0 tartar em etic on e sixt een th of a grai n to 1 gr ai n syrup ,

-

a n d wat er a suffici en cy T hric e daily . .

W e may giv e a full dos e of Opium ev ery n ight I n mild cas es car .

bo n at e of ammo n ia may b e tri ed it often do es good t h e dos e b ei n g ,

from t wo gr ai n s to t en in campho r wat er or even plain wat er , .

Th e chr o n ic fo rm of b ro n chitis will al ways yi eld if t h e dog is you n g , ,

to careful feedi n g mod erat e ex ercis e a n d t h e e xhibitio n of cod liv er

, ,
-

oil with a mild iro n to n ic T h e ex ercis e ho wev er must b e mod erat e .

, , ,

a n d t h e dog k ept from t h e wat er A f ew d rops to a t easpoo n ful of .

p ar ego ric giv en at n ight will do good a n d t h e bo wels should b e k ept

, , ,

re gul ar a n d a s impl e laxativ e p ill giv en n ow a n d th en

, .

D I AR R H CE A ,

or loos en ess of t h e b o wels or p u rgi n g is a v ery commo n di s eas e amo n g , ,

dogs of all ages an d b reeds I t is n ev erth el ess mo re commo n amo n g .

, ,

puppi es about three or fou r mo n ths old a n d amo n g dogs wh o hav e ,

r e ach e d t h e a ge of from s ev en to t en y e ars I t is often symptomatic .

of oth er a ilm en ts
C a us es —V ery n um erous
.

I n weakly dogs exposu re alo n e will .

p roduce it T h e weath er too has n o doubt much to do with t h e

.
, ,

p roductio n of diar rh e a I n most k en n els it is mo re commo n in t h e

.

mo n t hs of J uly a n d A ugust although it oft en com es on in t h e v ery d ead ,

o f win t er P uppi es if ov erfed will oft en b e s eiz ed with this troubl e

.
, ,

som e complai n t A h ealthy puppy har dly ev er kn o ws wh en it h a s

.

had en ough a n d it will mo reov er stu ff its elf with all so rts of garbage
, , ,

acidity of t h e stomach follo ws with vomiti n g of t h e i n g esta a n d , ,

d iarrhoea succ ee ds b rought on by t h e acrid co n di tio n of t h e chym e

,
,

whi ch fi n ds its way i n to t h e duod en um T his stuff would in its elf act .

as a p urgativ e but it do es mo re it ab n o rmally excit es t h e s e cretio n s

, ,

o f t h e whol e alim en tary ca n al a n d a so rt of sub acut e mucous in ,

-

fl a mma t ion is s et up T h e liv er too b e com es mix e d up with t h e

.
, ,

mischi ef th ro ws out a sup erabu n dan c e of bil e an d thus ai ds in k eepin g

, ,

up th e diarrh oea .

A mo n g oth er caus es we fi n d t h e e atin g of i n dig estibl e food d ri n ki n g

, ,

foul or tai n t ed wat er too much green food raw pau n ch es foul k en n els
, , ,

a n d damp d raughty k en n els

,

S ymp toms —T h e pu r gi n g is of cou rs e t h e p ri n cipal symptom an d t h e

.
,

, , ,

s tools a re eith er quit e li quid or s emi fl uid b ilious looki n g dir ty b ro wn -

,
-
,
-
3 39 D OG S A N D ALL A B OU T T HE M
or clay colou red or mix ed with slimy mucus I n som e cas es th ey
-
, .

r e s e mbl e di rty wat e r S om etim es as alre ady said a littl e blood will
.
, ,

b e fou n d in t h e d ej e ctio n o wi n g to co n g estio n of t h e mucous mem

,

b ra n e from liver obstructio n I n cas e th ere b e blood in t he stools .

,

a careful exami n atio n is always n ec essar y in o rd er to ascertain t h e real

stat e of t h e pati en t B lood it must b e rem emb ered might com e
.
, ,

from pil es or polypi or it might b e dys en t eric a n d p rocee d from ulcera

, ,

tio n of t h e re ctum a n d colo n I n t h e simpl est fo rm of diarrh oea u n l ess

.
,

t h e dis eas e co n ti n u es f or a lo n g tim e th ere will n ot b e much wasti n g , ,

a n d t h e app e tit e will g en erally rem ai n good but cap ricious .

I n bilious diarrh oea with la rg e b ro wn fl uid stools an d compl et e loss

,

of app etit e th ere is much th irst a n d in a f ew days t h e dog g ets rath er

, ,

thi n although n othi n g lik e so rapi dly as in t h e emaciatio n of dist emp er

,
.

T h e T rea tm n t will it n ee d har dly b e said d ep en d upo n t h e caus e

e , , ,

but as it is gen erally caus e d by t h e p res en c e in t h e i n t estin e of som e

i rritati n g matt er we can ha rdly e rr by admi n ist erin g a small dos e
of casto r oil combi n i n g with it if th ere b e much pai n —which you can
,

t ell by t h e a n imal s cou n t en a n ce—from 5 to 20 or 3 0 drops of laudan um

, ,
’

or of t h e solutio n of t h e mu riat e of mo rphia T his in its elf will oft en .

su ffice to cut sho rt a n attack T h e oil is p referabl e to rhub arb but

t h e latt er may b e t ri e d—t h e simpl e n ot t h e compou n d po wd er—d os e
.
,

from 1 0 grai n s to 2 d rachms in bolus .

I f t h e diarrh oea should co n ti n u e n ext day p roc ee d cautiously ,

rem emb er th ere is n o g reat hu rry a n d a sudd en ch eck to d iarrh oea

is at tim es dan g erous—to admi n ist er dog dos es of t h e aromatic chalk
,

a n d opium po wd er or giv e t h e follo wi n g m e dici n e th re e tim e s a day :

,

C ompou n d po wd ere d cat e chu 1 grai n to 1 0 ; p o wd ere d chalk with ,

O pium , 3 grai n s to 3 0 Mix I f t h e d i ar rh oea still co n tin u es good

. .
,

may accru e from a trial of t h e follo wi n g mixture L audan um 5 to 3 0 ,

drops dilut e sulphu ric acid 2 to 1 5 d rops in campho r wat er , .

T his aft er ev ery liquid motio n or if t h e motio n s may n ot b e oh , ,

s erved th ree tim es a day I f blood should app ear in t h e stools giv e
,
.

t h e follo wi n g : K i n o po wd er 1 to 1 0 grai n s ; po wd er ip ecac , to 3 .

,

grain s po wd ered opium i to 2 grai n s T his may b e mad e i n to a bolus .

with a n y simpl e e xtract a n d giv e n th ree tim e s a day , .

T h e food is of impo rta n c e T h e di e t s h ould b e cha n g e d ; t h e food

.

re qui re s to b e of a n on stimulati n g ki n d n o m e at b ei n g allo we d but

-
, ,

milk a n d b read sago or arro wroot or ric e et c T h e dri n k eith er

, , , .

pu re wat er with a pi n ch or t wo of chlo rate a n d n itrat e of potash in it

, ,

or pat en t barl ey wat er if t h e dog will tak e it

-
.

T h e b ed must b e warm a n d cl ea n a n d free from d raughts a n d , , ,

in all cas es of diarrhoea on e ca n n ot b e too particular with t h e cl ean lin ess

,

an d disi n fe ctio n of t h e k en n els .

I I CO NS T P A T O N,

mo re commo n ly call ed costiv en ess is also a v ery commo n compl ai n t , .

I t oft en occu rs in t h e p rogress of oth er di s eas es but is just as often a ,

s eparate ailm en t .

P erhaps n o complai n t to which our can i n e fri en ds are liabl e is l ess

u n d erstoo d by t h e n on p rofessio n al dog docto r a n d by dog o wn ers
-

th ems elv es O ft en caus ed by weak n ess in t h e coats of t h e in t esti n e

. .
 3 32 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
do es it app ear to be so diffi cult to tre at th em I should a n s wer t h e
first thus : T h rough t h e n egl ect of th ei r o wn ers from wan t of cleanli ,

n ess ,
from i n j udicious feedin g from bad k en n elli n g a n d from p er , ,

mitti n g th ei r favou rit es such free i n tercou rs e with oth er m emb ers of
t h e can i n e frat ern ity O vercro wdi n g is a n oth er a n d disti n ct sou rc e of
.

ski n troubl es .

My a n s wer to t h e s e co n d qu estio n is that t h e layma n too oft en treat s

%

t h e t roubl e in t h e ski n as if it were t h e dis e as e its elf wh ereas it is , ,

g en erally m erely a symptom th ereof E xampl es : T o plast er m edi

,
.

ca t ed oils or oi n tm en ts all ov er t h e ski n of a dog suff eri n g fr om con

s t it ut ion a l e cz ema is about as s en sibl e as would b e t h e pai n ti n g whit e

of t h e y ello w skin in j au n dice in o rd er to cu re t h e diso rd ered liv er .

B ut e v en thos e co n tagious dis e as e s that a re caus e d by ski n g erms

o r an im alcul e s will n ot b e wholly cu re d by a n y applicatio n s what ev er .

C o n stitutio n al re m e di es should go ha n d in ha n d with th es e An d .

,

i n d eed so g reat is t h e d efen sive po wer of stro n g pu re blood rich in its

, , ,

whit e co rpuscl e s or l euco cytes that I b eli ev e I could cu re ev en t h e wo rst ,

fo rms of ma n ge by i n tern al rem edi es goo d food a n d to n ics et c , , , .

,

without t h e aid of a n y d ressi n g what ev er e xc ept pu re cold wat er .

I n t reati n g of ski n dis e as es it is usu al to divid e th e m i n to t hree

s e ctio n s ( 1 ) Th e n on co n tagious ( 2) t h e co n tagious an d ( 3 ) ailm en ts
-
, ,

caus e d by extern al parasites

—
.

( )
1 T H E N O N C O N T A G I O U S ( A ) E R Y T H E M A T his is a re dn ess with
- . .
-
,

slight i n fl ammatio n of t h e ski n t h e d eep er tissu es u n d ern eath n ot b ein g

i n volved E xamp les —T hat s een b etween t h e wri n kl es of well b red
,

-
.

P ugs Mastiffs or B ulldogs or i n sid e t h e th ighs of Greyhou n ds et c

, , , , .

I f t h e ski n b reaks th ere may b e disch arg es of pus an d if t h e cas e is ,

n ot cu re d t h e ski n may thick en an d c rack a n d t h e dog mak e matt ers ,

wo rs e with his to n gu e
Trea tmen t—R evi ew a n d co rrect t h e m ethods of f eedi n g
.

A dog .

s hould b e n eith er too gross n or too l e a n E x ercis e p erf e ct cl ea n li n ess .

, ,

t h e e a rly mo rn i n g sluic e do wn with cold wat er an d a q uassia to n ic

-
, .

H e may n ee d a laxativ e as well

L oca lly—D usti n g with oxid e of zi n c or t h e viol et po wd er of t h e
.

n u rs eri es a lotio n of l ead or arn ica F om en tatio n follo wed by cold

, , .
,

wat er a n d wh en d ry dusti n g as abov e

, , A weak solutio n of bo racic
, .

a cid ( a n y ch emist ) will som etim es do good

—
.

( )
B P a w ne e I tchi n g all ov e r with or with out s cu rf S om etimes , .

thick en i n g
Trea tmen t—R e gulatio n of di et
.

green v eg etabl es fruit if h e will , ,

tak e it b rus hi n g a n d groomin g but n ev er roughly Try f or wo rms

, , .

a n d f or fl eas
—
.

( )
c E C% E M A Th e n am e is n
. o t a happy on e as appli e d to t h e usu al
itchi n g skin dis eas e of dogs E cz ema p rop er is a n eruptio n in which .

t h e fo rm ed matt er d ri es off i n to sc ales or scabs a n d dog e cz ema s o , ,

call e d is as often as n ot a sp eci es of lich en T h en of cou rs e it is oft en

,
.
, ,

accompan i e d with v ermin n early always with dirt an d it is i rritat e d, ,

out of all char act er by t h e biti n g a n d scratchi n g of t h e dog hims elf

—
.

Tre a tm e n t Must b e both co n stitutio n al an d local A tt en d to t h e .

o rga n s of dig estio n Giv e a mod erat e dos e of op en i n g m e dici n e to cl ear

.
,

a way off en di n g matter T his simpl e ap eri en t may b e rep eat ed occasio n
.
 A I L M EN T S AN D T HE I R T REA T M EN T 3 3 3

ally s ay o n c e a week a n d if diarrh oea b e p res en t it may b e ch eck e d

, ,

by t h e additio n of a littl e mo rphia or d ilut e sulphu ric acid Cream of .

tarta r with sulphu r is an excell en t d erivativ e b ei n g both diu retic ,

a n d diapho retic but it must n ot b e given in dos es large en ough to

,

pu rge A t t h e sam e tim e we may giv e th ric e daily a to n ic pill l ik e t h e

.

follo wi n g
S ulphat e of qui n i n e } t o 3 grai n s ; sulphat e of i ro n } grai n to 5
,
1 ,
3

gr ai n s ext ract of hyoscyamus 3 to 3 gr ain s extract of taraxacum ,

an d glyc eri n e en ough to mak e a pill

L oca lly—P erfe ct cl ea n li n ess
.

Cooli n g lotio n s patt e d on to t h e

so re plac es S p ratts Cu re ( N B — I k n o w what ev ery rem e dy
.

’
. . . .

co n tai n s or I should n ot re comm en d it ) B en zoat e d zi n c oi n tm en t

, .

aft er t h lotio n has dri e d in W ash carefully o n ce a we ek usi n g t h e

e .
,

oi n tm en t wh en ski n is d ry or t h e lotio n to allay i rritatio n .

—
,

( )
2 C O N T A G I O U S S K I N D I S E A S E s T h es e ar e usually call e d man g e .

p rop er a n d follicular man ge or scabi es I wan t to say a wo rd on t h e , .

latt er fi rst I t d ep en ds upo n a microscopic a n imalcul e call e d t h e

.

A ca rus folliculorum T h e t roubl e b egi n s by t h e fo matio n of patch es

. r ,

from which t h e h ai r falls off an d on which may b e n otic e d a few pimpl es ,

.

S cabs fo rm t h e patch es e xt en d or com e out on oth er pa rts of t h e body

, , ,

h ead l egs b elly or sid es S ki n b e com es re d in wh it e haired dogs

, , , .
-
.

O dou r of this t roubl e v ery o ff en siv e Mo re p a in th a n itchi n g s eems .

to b e t h e symptomatic rul e W hol e body may b ecom e aff e ct ed

Tre tme t—D ress
. .

a n t he aff ect e d parts twic e a week with t h e

follo wi n g
Cre osot e 2 d rachms ; li n s ee d oil 7 ou n c es ; solutio n of potash 1
, , ,

ou n c e F irst mix t h e creosot e an d oil th en add t h e solutio n a n d

.
,

shak e B ett er to shave t h e hair off a rou n d t h e patch es K en n els

. .

must be k ept cl ea n with gard en soap a n d hot wat er an d all b eddin g ,

bu rn ed aft er us e From three mo n ths to six will b e n eed e d to cu re bad

.

cas es .

MAN G E P R O P E R is also caus ed by a par asit e or aca rus calle d t h e '

S ar cop s can us Un lik e e cz ema this ma n g e is sp read from dog to dog

.
,

by touch or i n t ercommu n icatio n just as on e p erso n catch es t h e itch ,

from an oth er
The S ymp toms—A t first th es e may e scap e att en tio n but th ere are
.

v esicl es which t h e dog scratches an d b reaks a n d thus t h e dis eas e sp reads ,

.

T h e ha ir g ets matt e d an d falls off R e gio n s of t h e body most com .

mon ly aff e ct ed h ead ch est back rump a n d extremiti es

, , T h ere ma y
, , , .

n ot b e much co n stitutio n al distu rba n c e from t h e actual i n ju ry to t h e

skin but from his su ff eri n g so much from t h e irritatio n a n d t h e wa n t of

,

r est t h e h e alth su ff ers

Trea tmen t —
.

A void t h e u s e of s o call e d disi n fe cta n ts Most of thos e -

.

sold as such are simply d eodo ris ers a n d appli e d to t h e ski n ar e us el ess , , ,
.

N or are th ey of much u s e in cl e a n i n g t h e k en n els N oth i n g suits .

b ett er for woodwo rk tha n fi rst carbolic wash an d th en a th o rough , , ,

scrubbi n g with hot wat er an d gard en soap .

S om e oi n tm en t must b e us e d to t h e ski n a n d as I am writin g f or ,

laym en o n ly I fe el chary in recomm en di n g such stro n g o n es as t h e

green iodid e of m ercu ry I f you do us e it mix it with twic e its bulk .
—

of t h e compou n d sulphu r oi n tm en t D o ov er o n ly a part or t wo at .

3 34 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
a tim e T h e dog to b e wash e d after three days B ut t h e compou n d
. .

sulphu r oi n tm en t its elf is a spl en did applicatio n a n d it is n ot dan gerous

—
.
,

( )
3 S K I N C O M P L A I N T S F R O M V E R M I N Th e t re atm en t is obvious .

get ri d of t h e caus e .

A s their d iagn os is is s o d ifficult, when ever the d og-own er is in d oubt,

mak e certa in by trea tin g the d og n ot on ly by loca l a p p lica tion s but
cons titu t ion a lly a s well additio to good di t p f ct cl a li ss
In n
. e , er e e n ne

of coat k ,
en nle , aall su ou di gs
n d rr n n , aapplicatio of
n d t h e oi t n t h e n
m t en or oil , l e t tdog hav all
h e e f sht h e possibl
re a ir x cis e , a n d e er e ,

but v ov xciti g
n e er er- e ntoo fatigui g
or h a cou s of a s ic
n T en r e r en .

s ldom fai s to do good

e l .

I do n ot b li v
e e e in b gi i g e nn n xhibitio of a s ic too soo
the e n r en n .

I p f payi g my fi st att tio s to

re er n r en n dig stiv o ga s
t he e stat of
e r n an d e

t he b o ls
we Th efo m of xhibitio hich I hav fou d suit as ll as
. r e n w e n we
an y is t h e tas teles s L iquor a rs en ica lis I t is asily admi ist d I t
e n ere . .

ought to be giv mix d ith

en e w food as it ought to t
t he , blood en er t h e

w ith the chyl f om

e r t I t ought day by day to
t h e di e , . g adu ally
, be r ,

n ot hu i dly i c as d
rr e , n re eymp oms of loathi g of food
S t . n d ss a n d re n e

of co j u ctiva call
n n c ssatio of its
f or t h e e n th days at
u s e f or t wo or ree
l ast h it is to
e , w en comm d d at
b e re en e sam siz of dos giv
the e e h e en w en
l ft
e o ff .

h
T ere ar e t wo thi gs hich assist
n w a s ic at l ast to go ll ith
t h e r en , e we w
it th y e io
are , r n in som fo m e r Vi ol
an d rlatt ill
Th e d d
er w b e n ee e .

w enh th ere is much loss of fl sh e simpl pill of sulphat of i o

A e . e r n
an d e xt act of liquo ic may
r r e us d
be os of
e D e L iquor ars en ica lis .

f om to d ops
r 1 6 r to comm c ith g adually i c as d to
ter d ie en e w , r n r e e 5
to 20 r d ops
U — scaly scu f co ditio of
.

D AN D R FF A or
. r y n ski
n ith mo
the l s
n, w re or es
of i rritatio n I t is re ally a sh eddi n g of t h e scaly epid ermis b rought on
.

by i n j udi cious feedi n g o r wa n t of ex er cis e as a p rimary caus e Th e .

dog in c a s es of th is ki n d n eeds cooli n g m e dici n es such as s mall dos e s

, , ,

of t h e n itrat e a n d chlo rate s of potash p erhaps l ess food B owel s , .

to b e s een to by givi n g pl en ty of gr een food with a mo rs el of sh eep s ,

’

m elt or raw liv er o ccasio n ally W ash about o n c e in th ree weeks a . ,

v ery littl e bo rax in t h e last wat er say a d rachm to a gallo n Us e ,

.

mild soap N ev er u s e a v ery ha rd b rush or sharp comb T ar soap

. .

( W ri ght s ) may be tri ed

’
.

P A R A S I TE S —I NTE R NA L .

W o rms ‘
.

W e hav e roughly sp eakin g t wo k in d s of wo rms to treat in t h e dog

, ,

( 1 ) t h e rou n d an d ( 2) t h e tap e
— , .

( )
1 R ou n d wo m s T h ey are in shap e a n d siz e n ot u n l ik e t h e gard en
-
r

wo rm but har d er p ale a n d poi n t ed

S ymp toms —S om etim e s th es e ar e alarmi n g f or t h e wo rm its elf
, , , .

is occasio n ally s eiz e d with th e ma n ia f or fo reign travel a n d fi n ds its ,

wa y i n to t h e th roat or n ost rils causi n g t h e dog to b e com e p erfe ctly ,

fu rious a n d in ducin g such pai n a n d ago n y that it may s eem charity to

,

e n d its lif e T h e wo rms may also crawl i n to t h e stomach a n d giv e ris e

.
,

to great i rritatio n but a re usually d islo d ge d th erefrom by t h e viol en ce

,

accompa n yi n g t h e act of vomitin g .

 3 3 6 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M

e at off al of an y kin d L et th eir foo d b e well cook ed an d th eir ski n s

.
,

a n d k en n els k ept scrupulously cl e a n D ogs that ar e us e d f or sh ee p .

a n d cattl e ought t wic e a y ea r at l e ast to go u n d er tre atm en t f or t h e

, ,

e xpulsio n of wo rms wh eth er th ey are i n fe st e d or n ot

, a n a n th elmi n tic
would mak e su re a n d could hardly hu rt th e m
—
.
,

F r t e
o h e xpulsio n of tap e wo rms we d ep en d mostly on are ca n ut -
.

I n o r d er that t h e tap e wo rm should rec eiv e t h e full b en efit of t h e

-

rem e dy we o r d er a dos e of casto r O il t h e day b e fo re in t h e mo rn i n g

, ,

an d re comm en d n o food to b e giv en that day exc ept b ee f t e a or mutto n -

b roth Th e bo wels a re thus empty n ext mo rn in g so that t h e par asit e

.
,

can n ot sh elt er its elf a n ywh ere a n d is th erefo re su re to b e act e d on

, .

I n fusio n of cusco is som etim es us ed as a n a n th elmi n tic so is wo rm ,

wood a n d t h e liquid ext ract of m ale fern a n d in A m erica s p ig elia root

‘

, ,

a n d pumpki n s ee ds .

T h e b est to n ic to giv e in cas es o f wo rms is t h e ext ract of q uassia .

E xt ract of quassia 1 to 1 0 gr a in s ; ext ract of hyoscyamus i to 5

, ,

grai n s T o m ak e on e pill T h ric e d aily

. . .

P AR A S TE S I —E XTE R NAL
. .

s Flea .

W ashin g with S p ratts m e dicat e d soap E xtra cl ean k en n els’

. .

D usti n g with K eati n g a n d aft erwa r ds washi n g

, T his may n ot kill t h e .

fl e as but it driv es th em off T ak e t h e dog on t h e gr ass whil e dustin g

, .
,

an d b egin alo n g t h e spi n e N ev er do it in t h e hous e . .

T ic k s .

I hav e n otic e d th es e disagreeabl e bloodsuck ers o n ly on t h e h eads a n d

bodies of spo rti n g or Colli e dogs wh o h a d b een bo ri n g f or som e tim e ,

through cov erts a n d thick ets T h ey soo n mak e th ems elv es visibl e .
,

as t h e body s wells up with t h e blood th ey suck u n til th ey res embl e

small soft wa rts about as big as a p ea T h ey b elo n g to t h e n atu ral .

family I xod ia d ae
Trea tmen t—I f n ot v ery n um erous th ey should b e cut off an d t h e
.
,

part touch e d with a littl e tu rps T h e sulphu ret of calcium will also .

kill th em so will t h e mo re da n gerous whit e p recipitate or even a stro n g

, ,

solutio n of carbolic acid which must b e us e d spari n gly ho wever

, , .

The lic e are hatch e d from n its which we fi n d cli n gi n g in ro ws a n d , ,

v ery t en aciously too to t h e hai rs T h e i n s ects th ems elves are more

, .

d iffi cult to fi n d but th ey a re on p uppi es som e tim es in thousa n ds

‘

, To .

d estroy th em I h av e tri ed s ev eral pla n s Oil is v ery eff ectual a n d h as .

,

safety to recomm en d it C ommo n sweet oil is as good a cu re as a n y

.
,

a n d you may add a littl e oil of a n is e a n d som e sublim e d sulphu r which ,

will i n cre as e t h e e ff ect % uassia wat er may b e us ed to damp t h e coat

. .

T h e matt e d po rtio n s of a lo n g haire d dog s coat must b e cut off with

’
-

scis so rs f or th ere t h e lic e oft en lu rk Th e oil dressin g will n ot kill t he

, .

n its ,so that vin egar must b e us e d A ft er a f ew days th e dres si n g .

must b e rep eat ed a n d so on thre e or four tim es T o do an y good t h e .

,

whol e of t h e dog 3 coat must b e d ren ch e d in oil a n d t h e dog wa s h e d ,

with goo d dog soap a n d war m wat er twelve hou rs aft erwar ds .
 C HA PTE R L II
T HE D OG A ND T HE LA W

PR IVILE GE S OF I
F R ST I
B TE

IT is popularly but rath er erro n eously suppos ed that every

, ,

dog is en titl ed to on e bit e P erh aps it would be mo re accurat e

.

to stat e that every dog may with impu ni ty hav e on e s n ap or

on e i n t en d ed bit e but o n ly dogs of h it h erto i rreproachabl e
,

c h aract er are p ermitt ed t h e ho n ou r of a g en ui n e tast eful bit e .

On c e a dog ho wever has d isplayed dan gerous p rop en siti es

, , ,

e v en though h e has n ev er had t h e satisfactio n of eff ecti n g a n

actual bit e an d o n ce his own er or t h e p erso n who harbou rs

,

h im b ecom es aware of th es e evil i n cli n atio n s (sci en t er) eith er

of his own kn owl edg e or by n otic e t h e L aw looks upo n such ,

dog as a dan g erous b east which t he o wn er k eeps at his p eril .

The o n us of p roof is on t h e victim to S ho w that t h e own er

h ad previous kn o wl edg e of t h e ani mal s ferocity t h ough in ’

rea li ty very littl e evid en c e of sci en t er is as a rul e requi re d ,

a n d n otic e n eed n ot n ec essarily be giv en di rectly to t h e own er ,

but to a n y p erson who has charge of t h e dog .

Th e p erso n attack ed has y e t a n oth er r em edy H e ca n if .

,

h e is abl e kill t h e dog b efo re it can bit e hi m but h e is n ot

, ,

j usti fied in S hooti n g t h e an imal as it runs away even after ,

b ei n g bitt en .

By 2 8 and 2 9 Vict c 6 0 t he own er of a dog which attacks

.
,

S h eep or cattl e— a n d cattl e i n clud es ho rs es — is r espo n sibl e for

all damag e an d th ere is no n ecessity to p rove prev ious ev il

,

p rop en siti es This A ct is wholly rep eal ed by t he A ct called

.

t h e D ogs A ct 1 9 0 6 which cam e i n to fo rc e on J a n uary I s t

’
, , ,

1 907 but t h e n ew A ct re en acts t he s ectio n havi n g r e f eren c e

,
-

to damage to cattle a n d says that in such cas es it is n ot

,

W 337
33 8 D OG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M .

ne ec ssary for t he p erso n s claimi n g damages to S how a p revious

mischi evous p rop en sity in t h e dog or t he own er s k n owl edg e ’

of such p revious p rop en sity or to S how that t h e i n j ury was

attributabl e to n egl ect on t h e part of t he own er ; t h e wo rd
cattle i n clud es ho rs es ass es sh eep goats a n d s wi n e
, , , , .

The L aw looks upo n fighti n g b et ween dogs as a n atu ral

a n d n e c essa ry i n cid en t in t h e ca reer of ev ery m emb er of t h e

can i n e race a n d giv es n o red ress to t h e own er of t h e van quish ed

,

an imal p rovid ed t h e fight wa s a fai r on e a n d t h e co n t estan ts

, ,

app ear to co n sid er it so Th e o wn er h owev er of a p eac eably

.
, ,

d ispos ed dog which is attack ed a n d i n j u red or kill ed by on e , ,

savage a n d u n rest rai n ed h as a right of actio n agai n st t h e

,

own er of t he latt er Th e o wn er of t he p eaceably dispos ed

.

a n imal may j usti fiably kill t h e savag e brut e in o rd er to sav e

hi s dog but h e must run t h e risk of b ei n g abl e to p rov e that
,

this was t h e o n ly m ean s of putti n g a stop to t he fight .

LI CE NCE S
E v ery dog own er must an n ually tak e out a li c en c e for e ach
dog h e k eeps Th e lic en c e which is obtai n abl e at all post
.
,

o ffi ces at t h e cost of 7s 6d is dat ed to run from t h e hou r

. .
,

it is tak en out u n til t h e followi n g 3 rs t D ec emb er The .

p erson in whos e custody or upo n whos e p remis es t h e dog is

fou n d will be d eem ed its own er u n til p rov ed oth erwis e .

Th e o wn ers of c ert ai n dogs for c ertai n pu rpos es a re how ev er , ,

e x empt e d from taki n g out lic en c es viz ( )

1 D ogs ,
u n d er t h
. e

a ge of six mo n ths ( )
2 hou n ds u n d er t welv e mo n t h s old n eith er

us ed n or hu n t ed with t h e pack p rovid ed th at t h e Mast er has

,

tak en out p rop er lic en c es for all houn ds en t ered in t he pack

(3 ) o n e dog k ept a n d us ed by a bli n d p erso n sol ely f or his or
h er guidan c e ( 4) dogs k ept a n d us ed sol ely for t h e pu rpos e of

t en di n g S h eep or cattl e or in t he ex ercis e of t h e occupatio n

or calli n g of a sh eph erd .

M U% LI NG R E GUL AT I ONS
%

Un d er the Co n tagious D is eas es (An imals ) A cts ,

1 8 78 -
1 89 4 ,

local autho riti es cou n ty bo rough , ,

or dist rict cou n cils )
3 40 DOG S AN D ALL A B OU T T HE M
littl e p ai n as possibl e Th e polic e must k eep a prop er regist er
.

of all dogs s eiz ed a n d ev ery such regist er S hall be op en to

,

insp ectio n at all reason abl e tim e s by an y m emb er of t he

public on paym en t of a fee of on e shilli n g a n d t he polic e may
,

t ran sfer such dog to an y establishm en t for t he rec eption of

stray dogs but o n ly if th ere is a prop er regi st er k ept at such
,

e stablishm en t op en to i n sp ectio n by t h e public on paym en t

o f a f ee n ot exc eedi n g on e S h illi n g .

A noth er s ection en acts th at a n y person who tak es poss ession

of a st ray dog shall fo rthwith eith er r etu rn t he dog to
its own er or gi v e n otic e in writi n g to t h e chi ef o ffi c er of
polic e of t h e district wh ere t he dog was fou n d co n tai n ,

ing a d escriptio n of t h e dog a n d stati n g t h e place wh ere

.

t h e dog was fou n d a n d t h e plac e wh ere h e is b ei n g d etain ed

, ,

an d a n y p erso n faili n g to comply with t h e p rovisio n s of this

s e ction S hall be liabl e on co n victio n u n d er t h e Summary

J urisdictio n A cts to a fin e n ot exc eeding fo rty shilli n gs .

I MP OR TAT I ON OF D O GS

The pow er of maki n g O rd ers d eali n g with t he impo rtatio n of

d ogs is v est ed in t h e Board of A gricultu re who hav e absolut e
,

autho rity in t h e matt er .

Th e i n itial st ep to be tak en by a p erso n wishi n g to impo rt

any dog i n to Great B ritai n from a n y oth er coun t ry exc epti n g
Ir elan d t h e Chan n el Islan ds a n d t he Isl e of Man is that he
, , ,

must fill up a n applicatio n form to t h e said Board which h e ,

has previously obtain ed from th em in which h e appli es for a

,

li c en c e to lan d t h e dog u n d er t h e co n ditio n s impos ed by t he

Board whi ch h e u n d ertak es to ob ey
,
.

On t h e fo rm h e has to giv e a full d escriptio n of t h e dog t h e ,

n am e an d addr ess of t h e own er t he propos ed po rt of landi n g

, ,

and t h e app roximat e dat e o f la n din g a n d furth er from

,

li sts which h e will rec eiv e from t h e Boa rd h e must s el ect

t h e carryi n g agen ts h e p ropos es S hould sup eri n t en d t h e
movem en t of t h e dog from t he po rt of lan di n g to t he
plac e of d et ention a n d also t h e p remis es of a v et eri n ary
,
 T HE D O G AN D T HE LAw 34 2

surg eo n on which h e p ropos es t he dog s h all be d etai n ed a n d

isolat ed as requi red by t he O rd er An impo rt ed dog must
.

be la n d ed a n d tak en to its plac e of d et en tio n in a suitabl e

box h amp er crat e or oth er r ec eptacl e and as a g en eral rul e
, , ,

has to remai n en ti rely isolat ed for a p eriod of S ix months .

MOTOR CA R S A ND D O GS

U n qu estio n ably great est en emy that t h e dog poss ess es

the
at t h e pres en t tim e is t h e moto r car .

Pres umi n g t h e own er of t h e dog is fo rtun at e en ough to

kn ow whos e car it was that ran ov er his dog a n d to hav e som e ,

e vid en c e of exc essiv e or u n reaso n abl e sp eed or oth er n eglig en c e

on t h e part of t h e ca r d riv er at t h e tim e of t h e accid en t h e ,

wi ll fin d t h e law ev er ready to assist him A dog has every bit .

as much right to t h e high road as a moto r car E ffo rts hav e .

b een mad e on th e part of moto r own ers to get t he Cour ts to

hold t h at dogs on a high road a re o n ly u n d er p rop er co n t rol
”
if on a l ead an d t h at if th ey a re n ot on a l ead t h e
%
,
%

o wn er of th em is guilty of n egligen c e in allo wi n g hi s dog to

stroll about a n d th erefo re is n ot en titl ed to recov er : such
,

e ff orts hav e n ot b e en succ essful E v en supposi n g a Court

.

to h old that t he fact of a d og b ei n g loos e in this way or unac

comp an i ed was evid en c e of n egli g en c e agai n st his own er thi s
would by n o m ean s d efeat his own er s cl ai m for th e law is
-
’
, ,

th at t h ough a pl ai n ti ff may h av e b een n eglig en t in som e such

wa y as th is y et if t h e d efenda n t could by th e ex ercis e of
, ,

reaso n abl e ca re hav e avoid ed t h e accid en t t h e plai n ti ff

, ,

ca n sti ll re cov er Th er e a re s ev eral cas es that d ecid e this

.

valuabl e pri n cipl e .

 INDE X

P A GE

AI R E D AL E T E R R I E R D A C HS HU N D
Assyria n Scu lptu re an d D almatia n
Mast iff 3 ,
10 D an d ie Din m o n t
D eerh oun d
B AS S E T-HOU N D
Di a hoea
rr
a l
Be g e
D istemp e r
l to n T e ier
B e d in g rr

B ibl e D o g i T he
,
n E NGL I S H T E R R I E R , W hite
B lack a d T n T errier
an
l sh W ater S pa n iel
En g i
B len h e m S pa n e l
o

i i
E gypt D o g i n
B l o odhoun d
B o rzoi FE E D I NG
B e d in g
r e Field S pa n iel
B ulld g
F irst B ite P riv ilege s
o
of
N ew fou n d la d
,
n
F its
B o rzo i
D achsh u d n Fl eas
S m o o t h Fo x t e r ier
- r F o x as p ro g en ito r o f t he
D a n d ie D i mo t n n Fo xhou n d
K i n g C h a les S pa n iel
r
Fo x t errier S moot h
-

Gen era l Notes

,

W ire h a ir
-

B ro n ch itis
B ru ss els Griff o n GR E AT D ANE 4.

B ulldo g I 7 Gre eks D o gs a n d An c ien t 3 10 8, 27

, ,

Mi iatu re
,

n 29
Greyhou n d 10
F e ch
r n 3° I t a l ia n
B ul l terrier
- I99
30 6 HAR R I E R

C HOW C H ow 67 IM P O R T A T I ON OF D O GS
C l um ber S pa n ie l 154 Iris h T errier
C lyd es d al e T e rrier 26
4 I rish W a t er S pa n ie l
C o ck er S pa n ie l 1 67 I tal ia n Grey houn d
C ol lie 53
C on stipatio n 33 0 JA c L A s P R O GE NI TOR

C o u s in g
r 10 9 J paan es e S p a n iel

342
3 44 I N DE X
P
ogs—o t in ued
AGE

T errier, I rish Toy D c n

W elsh Min i ature B l a ck a n d T a n ,

S cott ish
B ull terrie I t lia G ey
-
r, a n r

S h etla n d
gggggd g
an d
W est H igh la n d W hite o
D a n d ie D in mo n t
S ky e an d C ly d es d a le
,
W AT E R L O O C U P 10 9
Y o rk sh ire W elsh T errier 2 36

W est Highlan d W h it e T errier 2

4 6
T oy D o g s :
Whipp et 1 13
P om eran ia n
W ol f as p ro g en ito r of D og 5 6
P oodl e W h ite
,

,
W ol fh oun d Irish 90
Kin g C ha rles S pa n iel
,

R uss ia n ( B o rzoi ) I OI
P ek in e s e a n d Japa n ese
W o rms T reatm en t for
Ma ltes e a n d P ug
,

B russ els Gr iff o n YOR KS HI R E TE RR IE R

P RN
I TE D BY TH E E A S T or E N GL A N D P R I
I NT N G W OR KS , LO N D ON
'

A ND N OR W I CH .