9

SCIENCE 9
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Formation of Ions
Science 9 – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 3: Formation of Ions
First Edition, 2020

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 9

SCIENCE 9
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Formation of Ions
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 9 – Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module

on Formation of Ions!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher, or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st-century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Science 9 – Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module

on Formation of Ions!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create,
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled into the
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity that will help

you transfer your new knowledge or skill in
real-life situations or concerns.

iii
 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends to the
retention of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

This module is designed and created to explain how ions are formed. It
focuses on how the pattern of valence electrons causes the atom to behave in a
certain manner. You are asked to use a periodic table of elements in answering the
activities in this module.

As you go through in this module, you should be able to:

1. explain how and why cations and anions are formed (S9MT-IIe-f-16):

a. determine the charge on ion(s) formed from given element or compound;

b. distinguish what happens to an atom’s valence electrons when the atom

becomes ionized and;

c. recognize the importance of ions in our body and environment.

1
 What I Know

Activity No. 1:

A. Choose the Best in Me

Write the letter of the best answer in the following questions.

_____ 1. Anions are __________ charge ions.

a. free b. negative c. neutral d. positive

_____ 2. Oxygen (O) ionizes to a charge of ____________ .

a. – 2 b. – 1 c. + 2 d. + 1

_____ 3. What is an ion?

a. a charged atom c. a large atom
b. a cute atom d. a small atom

_____ 4. Why are ions formed?

a. Because atoms gained neutrons.
b. Because atoms want eight valence electrons.
c. Because atoms have the same number of protons and electrons.
d. Because it makes our lives more difficult.

_____ 5. An atom becomes ___________ when it loses electrons.

a. free b. negative c. neutral d. positive

_____ 6. What is the ionic symbol for a chloride ion?

a. Cl – 2 b. Cl – 1 c. Cl + 2 d. Cl +1

_____ 7. Cations are ___________ charge ions.

a. free b. negative c. neutral d. positive

_____ 8. Banana is a good source of potassium. What is the symbol for potassium
ion?
a. K – 2 b. K – 1 c. K + 1 d. K + 2

_____ 9. An atom becomes ___________ when it gains electrons.

a. free b. negative c. neutral d. positive

2
_____ 10. Calcium makes our bones stronger. What is the charge of calcium ion?
a. – 2 b. – 1 c. + 2 d. + 1

_____ 11. Which of the following forms –2 ions?

a. Group 14 b. Group 15 c. Group 16 d. Group 17

_____ 12. Elements on the LEFT side of the periodic table will most likely form
_________ .
a. negative ions b. neutral ions c. positive ions d. none of these

_____ 13. Most atoms have no net charge because they have __________ .
a. an equal number of charged and non-charged particles
b. an equal number of electrons and protons
c. an equal number of neutrons and protons
d. neutrons in their nuclei

_____ 14. Atoms form ions to _________ .

a. be excite b. be free c. be gases d. be stable

_____ 15. If you saw this symbol, Sr +2. What does it tell you about the ion?
a. It has gained two electrons. c. It has lost two electrons.
b. It has gained two protons. d. It has lost two protons.

B. Guess Me

Unscramble the letters in each number based on its description. Write the
correct word on your answer sheet.

INOAN 1. atom with negative charge

ATINOC 2. atom with positive charge

ONSI 3. electrically charged atom

ENCLAVE 4. electron at the outer shell

INICO 5. transfer of electrons

3
 Lesson

1 Formation of Ions

All system within the universe are forever seeking a state of maximum
stability. Changes occur spontaneously when the direction is toward greater
stability. Several elements together get to be more disorderly than their compound.
An increase in stability results when an outsized amount of energy is given off as
their atoms combine.

In general, most of the elements combined through chemical process. In fact,

only some elements occur free in nature. The noble gases like helium (He), neon
(Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn), they occur as separate
atoms. In addition to occurring in compounds, oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and sulfur
(S) also occur commonly as uncombined molecules, such as O2, N2, and carbon (C)
occurs in vast, nearly pure deposits of coal. Some metals like copper (Cu), silver (Ag),
gold (Au), and platinum (Pt) may additionally occur uncombined with other elements.
However, these comparatively few exceptions reinforce the general rule that elements
occur as constituents of compounds.

The electrons of the atoms of interacting elements are involved in compound

formation. Elements combine by transferring electrons from the atoms of one
element to those of another will create ionic compounds. The forces that hold the
atoms of elements together in a compound called chemical bonds.

An element consists of only one kind of atom with unique physical and
chemical properties of matter. Element can have neither a positive nor negative
charge.

Several elements form molecules which are independent structural unit of two
or more atoms that are chemically bound together like chlorine (Cl2), fluorine (F2),
oxygen gas (O2).

Compounds are formed when different elements chemically react and form
bonds with one another, examples are carbon dioxide (CO2), sodium chloride (NaCl),
and dihydrogen oxide (H2O).

In every chemical reaction, it involves changes to the quantity of electrons

within the outer shells of atoms.

4
 What’s In

Activity No. 2:

A. What Kind of Bond I Am?

Write the types of chemical bonding. Tell whether it is a covalent, ionic, or

metallic bond.

Material Type of Chemical Bond

1. Aluminum sulfide (Al2S3)

2. Ammonia (NH3)

3. Calcium oxide (CaO)

4. Gold ring

5. Magnesium fluoride (MgF2)

6. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)

7. Potassium oxide (K2O)

8. Ethene (C2H4)

9. Sodium sulfide (Na2S)

10. Silverware

5
 B. Properties of Some Compounds

Fill-in the data. Tell whether the given compound in:

Column 2 is brittle, hard, or soft.
Column 3 is soluble or insoluble.
Column 4 is a conductor or non-conductor.
Column 5 is melts easily or not melts easily.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Compound Observable Solubility Electrical Reaction to
Properties in water Conductivity Heat

1. candle wax

2. iron nail

3. sand

4. sugar

5. vetsin

Notes to the Teacher

This module helps you understand why and how atom

gains or loses one or more electrons and learn further the nature
of combining elements and electrical charge present.

6
 What’s New

Activity No. 3:

Read and observe the comic strip, then answer the following guide
questions.

Figure 1: The Ions

Guide Questions:

1. What are the two elements in the story?

2. Which element gives off electron? Which element recieves electron?

3. How come both elements become happy at the end?

7
 What is It

Some elements occur uncombined in nature, the majority exist in compounds.

Atoms, the elemental building blocks of matter, comprises a positively charged
nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The positive charge
of the nucleus is often offset exactly by the negative charge of the encircling electrons.
For some elements, it is convenient to lose or gain an electron from the outer shell.
It is resulting an atom with a net charge to form an ion. Many ionized atoms exist.
Monoatomic ions are derived from one atom. Polyatomic ions accommodate two or
more covalently bonded atoms that have a net positive or charge because of a deficit
or far more than electrons. How are these substances formed?

How do atoms form ions?

An ion is made up of a single atom or group of atoms (compound ion) that has
an electrical charge, either positive or negative.

A neutral atom has an equal quantity of protons and electrons and so, does
not have an overall electric charge.

Atom with incomplete outer electron shells is unstable. To attain stability,

atom gains or loses electron(s) to fulfill the octet rule just like the noble gases, in
the valence electron shell. This is how atom becomes ion.

Figure 2: Atom loses electrons Figure 3: Atom gains electrons

8
How and why does an atom become a positive or negative ion?

The positive ions are formed by the loss of one or more electrons, positive ions
are called cations. The most formed cations of the representative elements are those
that involve the loss of all the valence electrons.

Let us study how an atom formed into positive ion. The left side of the
illustration below represents a lithium (Li) atom. Its nucleus contains 3 protons and
some neutrons. Because the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus consists of 3
electrons, there is no overall charge on the atom. Therefore, the charges are no longer
balanced if the atom loses one electron. There is now one more proton than there
are electrons. The ion formed has a positive charge.

Figure 4: Positive ions formed from an atom

Notice the size of the positive ion. It is smaller than the neutral atom because
it has one less electron. The electron farthest away from the nucleus is the one being
removed. As the electron was removed, the size of the electron cloud will decrease.

Positive ions are represented by the symbol for the element with a raised plus
sign to indicate the positive charge. In the above example, the lithium ion is
represented as Li+.

Some atoms form positive ions by losing one or more electrons at the outer
shell. The symbol of the cation also indicates the number of positive charges on the
ion. For example, magnesium loses two electrons to form an ion Mg+2, and aluminum
loses three electrons to form Al +3.

The negative ions are formed from the gain of one or more electrons, negative
ions are called anions. As usually happen, nonmetal atoms gain electrons at their
outermost principal energy level to achieves an octet. For chlorine, which has an

9
electron arrangement of (2, 8, 7), it only needs to gain one electron to have the same
electron arrangement as argon. Forming an octet (eight electrons in the outer shell),
it provides stability to the atom. Chlorine will gain one electron and have a charge
of 1−. The electron arrangement of the chloride ion (2, 8, 8) will also change to reflect
the gain of an electron.

Figure 5: Chlorine atom forms into chloride ion

Nitrogen has an electron arrangement of (2, 5) and needs to gain three

electrons to fill the n = 2 energy level and achieve an octet of electrons in the
outermost shell. The nitride ion will have a charge of −3 as a result of gaining three
electrons. In this example, three electrons are the maximum gained in the formation
of anions.

Figure 6: Nitrogen atom forms into nitride ion

Cation forms as the atom loses electron(s) and anion forms as atom gains
electron(s), we can then look at the number of subatomic particles like protons,
neutrons, and electrons that found in an ion. The number of protons can determine
the identity of the element and they will not change in a chemical process.

10
 Example:

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons in a single sulfide (O2−)

ion?

Solution:

Sulfur has the atomic number 16, so both the atom and the ion will
have 16 protons. The average atomic mass of oxygen is 32. Therefore, there
will be 16 neutrons (atomic mass − atomic number = neutrons). A neutral
sulfur atom (S) would have 16 electrons. However, the anion has gained two
electrons, so sulfur ion (S−2) has 18 electrons.

Using information about the subatomic particles, we can determine the identity
of an ion.

Example:

An ion with a +2 charge has 10 electrons. Determine the identity of

the ion.

Solution:

If an ion has a +2 charge, then it must have lost two electrons to form
the cation. If the ion has 10 electrons and the atom lost 2 electrons to form
the ion, then the neutral atom contained 12 electrons. Since it was neutral,
it must also have had 12 protons. Therefore, the element is magnesium.

With the use of periodic table of elements, cations can be found at the left side
(metal groups) having a positive charge, while anions are found at the right side
(nonmetal groups) having a negative charge.

Why does an atom ionize?

Most atoms do not have a full-filled valence electron. Based on octet rule,
outer shells that filled with eight valence electrons like neon, argon, krypton, xenon,
radon, and helium(that has two valence electrons) are the most stable. Atom that
has an extra electron loses electrons or fewer valence electron gains electrons to
produce a full octet and attain the ground state configuration. By removing or adding
electron in valence shell, atom attain its stability. Because one or more electron is
added or stripped off to the atom, it is no longer electrically neutral, and an atom is
said to be ionized. A certain charge of an atom forms ion is based on the group or
family of the element. This charge of an ion is expounded to the structure of the
periodic table of elements.

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 What’s More

Activity No. 4:

A. Draw Me an Ion
For each of the following elements, build a neutral atom and draw it in the
second column. Then in the third column remove electrons or add electrons based
on these rules:
Rule No. 1 : If there are less than 4 electrons in the outer shell,
remove electrons so that the outer shell is full.
Rule No. 2 : If there are more than 4 electrons in the outer shell, add
electrons to fill it.

Element Drawing of electron Added or remove Charge

shell in neutral electrons for a full
atom outer shell

1. Lithium
2ē 1ē 1ē remove +1
(3 Li)

2. Phosphorus
2ē 8ē 5ē 3ē added -3
(15 P)

Do this:
1. Beryllium
(4 Be)

2. Chlorine
(17 Cl)

3. Magnesium
(12 Mg)

4. Oxygen
(8 O)

5. Sodium
(11 Na)

12
 B. Fill Me In

Using a periodic table of elements as your guide, complete the data in the table
below.

Element Group Protons Electrons Number of Ion

Number in neutral in neutral electrons that Formed
atom atom need to be
gained or lost to
achieve octet

1. 56 Ba 2 2 lost
2. 35 Br 35 35
3. 20 Ca 2 20
4. 9 F 1 gained F-
5. 53 I 53 I-
6. 19 K 1 1 lost
7. 3 Li 3 Li +
8. 84 Po 6 84
9. 37 Rb 1 lost Rb +

10. 34 Se 34 Se –2

C. How Many Particles in Me

Identify the number of subatomic particles on the following elements.

Elements Protons and Electrons Electrons

(Neutral Atom) (Cation/Anion)
1. Calcium 20 p and 20 ē 18 ē
2. Chlorine 17 p and 17 ē 18 ē
Do this:
1. Aluminum
2. Carbon
3. Francium
4. Iodine
5. Radium

13
 What I Have Learned

Activity No. 5:

A. Label the following pictures and give a short description. (5 points each)

1.
Figure 7: Picture A

Describe: _________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2.
Figure 8: Picture B

Describe:_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

14
 B. Build a neutral atom for the following elements, draw it in the second
column and write each charge on the third column.

Element Drawing of Added or remove Charge

electron shell in electrons for a
neutral atom full outer shell

1. Hydrogen
(1 H)

2. Nitrogen
(7 N)

3. Potassium
(19 K)

4. Selenium
(34 Se)

5. Strontium
(38 Sr)

C. What ions are present in the following compounds?

Compounds Cation Anion

Calcium and oxygen Ca +2 O –2

Do this:

1. Aluminum and selenium

2. Barium and sulfur

3. Calcium and nitrogen

4. Magnesium and chlorine

5. Sodium and oxygen

15
 What I Can Do

Activity No. 6:

Make a research about the important ions in our body and atmosphere. Draw
a template that shows the type of ions and its importance.

Template:

Elements Functional Significance

Example:

Hydrogen Another component of all organic molecules; in its

ionic form, it is influential on the pH of body fluids.

Starts Here:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

16
 Assessment

Activity No. 7:

A. Choose the best answer to each item.

Read the passage and refer to the illustration below.

An ion is an atom with a positive or negative charge. Positive ions, or

cations, have a positive charge because they have lost one or more electrons.
Negative ions, or anions, have a negative charge because they have gained one
or more electrons. Ionic bonds form when cations and anions attract each
other in such a way that they form a structured network.

Figure 9: Ions in sodium chloride (NaCl)

_____ 1. How can a neutral atom become a cation?

a. by gaining an electron c. by gaining a proton
b. by losing an electron d. by losing a proton

_____ 2. Which pair will attract each other?

a. two anions c. a cation and an anion
b. two cations d. none of the above

_____ 3. How will two anions react if they come near each other?
a. They will attract each other. c. One anion will become a cation.
b. They will repel each other. d. They will both become cations.

_____ 4. Calcium chloride (CaCl 2) is an ionic compound in which each chloride ion
has a charge of -1. What is the charge on each calcium ion?
a. -1 c. -2
b. +1 d. +2

17
_____ 5. Which ratio best estimates the number of cations to anions in a crystal of
NaCl?
a. 1:1 c. 2:1
b. 1:5 d. 5:1

B. Fill out the table below by following the example.

Element Electrons and Cation Formed Anion Formed

Protons in
neutral atom
Example:
Aluminum and Al = 13 p & 13 ē
Al +3 O –2
oxygen O= 8p&8ē
Starts Here:
1. Calcium and
sulfur
2. Cesium and
selenium
3. Magnesium and
phosphorus
4. Potassium and
fluorine
5. Strontium and
chlorine

C. Answer the following questions.

1. Sometimes the same elements combine in different ratios. How can this
happen if a compound always consists of the same elements in the same ratio?

2. What kind of elements has a greater tendency to lose electrons? Gain

electrons?

3. Does the electron transfer affect the nuclei of the combining atoms?

4. How an atom becomes a positive ion, and a negative ion?

5. What happens to the valence electrons when the atom becomes ionized?

18
 Additional Activities

Activity No. 8:

A. Ion of an Element
What monoatomic ion does each of the following elements form?

Elements Ions Formed

1. Aluminum
2. Calcium
3. Iodine
4. Rubidium
5. Selenium

B. Ions in a Compound
Determine the ions in the following pairs of elements:

Pairs of Elements Ions of Compounds

1. Cadmium and Iodine
2. Lithium and Chlorine
3. Magnesium and Nitrogen
4. Silver and Bromine
5. Cesium and Sulfur

C. Answer the following questions.

1. How is it possible to form different kinds of compounds with different

properties by combining just a few kinds of atoms?

2. Would you expect bond formation to be an energy-releasing process or an

energy-absorbing process? Explain your answer.

3. What is the main reason why atoms form chemical bonds?

4. Why do you think protons do not participate in chemical bonding?

5. Show by illustration the electron distribution in Na + and Cl– ions in the

sublevels?

19
 20
What’s In:
Activity No. 2:
A. Types of Bonding
1. Ionic
2. Covalent
3. Ionic
4. Metallic
5. Ionic
6. Covalent
7. Ionic
8. Covalent
9. Ionic
10. Metallic
B. Properties of Some Compounds
1. Hard, insoluble, non-conductor (solid), melts easily
2. Hard, insoluble, conductor, not melts easily
3. Brittle, soluble, conductor, not melts easily
4. Brittle, soluble, non-conductor, melts easily
5. Brittle, soluble, conductor (liquid), melts easily
What I Know:
Activity No. 1
A. 1. B 6. B 11. D
2. A 7. D 12. C
3. A 8. C 13. B
4. B 9. B 14. D
5. D 10. C 15. C
B. 1. ANION
2. CATION
3. IONS
4. VALENCE
5. IONIC
Answer Key
 21
What’s More:
Activity No. 4:
A. Draw Me an Ion
1. 2 ē) 2 ē) 2ē remove +2
2. 2ē) 8 ē) 7e-) 1ē added -1
3. 2 ē) 8 ē) 2 ē) 2ē remove +2
4. 2 ē) 6 ē) 2ē added -2
5. 2 ē) 8 ē) 1 ē) 1ē remove +1
B. Fill Me In
1. 56 56 Ba+2
2. 7 1 gained Br –
3. 20 2 lost Ca +2
4. 7 9 9
5. 7 53 1 gained
6. 19 19 K+
7. 1 3 1 lost
8. 84 2gained Po –2
9. 1 37 37
10. 6 34 2 gained
C. How Many Particles in Me
1. 13 p and 13 ē 10 ē
2. 6 p and 6 ē 2 ē or 10 ē
3. 87 p and 87 ē 86 ē
4. 53 p and 53 ē 54 ē
5. 88 p and 88 ē 86 ē
What’s New:
Activity No. 3:
Guide Questions:
1. What are the two elements in the story?
Potassium (K) and Bromine (Br)
2. Which element gives off electron? Which element receives
electron?
Potassium given off electron, while bromine received
electron.
3. How come both elements become happy at the end?
When potassium(K) transfer electron to bromine, they
 22
What I Can Do:
Activity No. 6:
Make a research about the important ions in our body and
atmosphere. Draw a template that shows the type of ions and its
importance.
Answers may vary.
What I Have Learned:
Activity No. 5:
A.1. 1. 12ē
2. Magnesium atom
3. Loses 2ē
4. 10ē
5. Magnesium ion
Descriptions may vary.
A.2. 1. 16ē
2. Sulfur atom
3. Gains 2ē
4. 18ē
5. Sulfide ion
Descriptions may vary.
B. 1. 1ē) 1 added/removed
- 1 or +1
2. 2ē) 5ē) 3 added -3
3. 2ē) 8ē) 8ē) 1ē) 1 removed
+1
4. 2ē) 8ē) 18ē) 6ē) 2 added
-1
5. 2ē) 8ē) 18ē) 8ē) 2ē) 2 removed
+2
C. 1. Al+3 Se – 2
2. Ba+2 S–2
 23
Additional Activities:
Activity No. 8:
A. Ion of an Element B. Ions in a Compound
1. Al +3 1. Cd +2 and I –
2. Ca +2 2. Li + and Cl –
3. I – 3. Mg +2 and N –3
4. Rb + 4. Ag + and Br –
5. Se -2 5. Cs + and S +2
C.
1. It is possible when two or more elements combine chemically, and
compounds form because of chemical reactions.
2. Bond formation is an energy-releasing process, as the chemically
bonded atoms are more stable than the separated atoms. Gain in
stability is always accompanied by a decrease in energy, and the
opposite process, bond breaking, requires energy to break the attraction
between the bonded atoms.
3. Atoms form chemical bonds to become more stable.
4. Protons are embedded inside the nucleus; it is difficult for them to get
involved during interaction with other atoms.
5. Na+ 2ē) 8ē) Cl- 2ē) 8ē) 8ē)
Assessment:
Activity No. 7:
A. B.
1. b. by losing an electron 1. Ca=20p,20ē Ca+2
S–2
2. c. a cation and an anion S=16p,16ē
3. b. they will repel each other 2. Cs=55p,55ē
Cs+ Se –2
4. d. +2 Se=34p,34ē
5. a. 1:1 3. Mg=12p,12ē Mg+2
P–3
P=15p,15ē
4. K=19p,19ē K+
F–
F=9p,9ē
5. Sr=38p,38ē Sr+2
Cl–
Cl=17p,17ē
C.
1. If the same elements combine in different ratios, they form different
compounds.
2. Metallic elements have greater tendency to lose electrons.
Nonmetallic elements have greater tendency to gain electrons.
References
"2.5: Ion Formation". Chemistry Libretexts, 2020. https://chem.libretexts.org/
Courses/University_of_Kentucky/UK%3A_CHE_103__Chemistry_for_Allied_
Health_(Soult)/Chapters/Chapter_2%3A_Elements_and_Ions/2.5%3A_Ion_F
ormation.

Chemistry Science and Technology Textbook for Third Year, Vibal Publishing, Inc,
2009.

Classzone.Com, 2020. http://www.classzone.com/vpg_ebooks/ml_sci_gr8/

accessibility/ml_sci_gr8/page_204.pdf.

"Introduction to Ions". Betterlesson, 2020. https://betterlesson.com/lesson/6317

37/introduction-to-ions.

Digital Images:

Figure 1: The Ions. SHENG.IONS, 2020. https://www.storyboardthat.com/my-

account2

Figure 2: Atom loses electrons. https://r3deped2my.sharepoint.com/:p:/g/

personal/sheryl_bonalos_r3-2_deped_gov_ph/Ecs82_rOGktBh7d4RECLN1M
Bs0YnJAta3YwfBmH8qg1UOQ?e=tDC2cB.

Figure 3: Atom gains electrons. https://r3deped2my.sharepoint.com/:p:/g/

personal/sheryl_bonalos_r3-2_deped_gov_ph/Ecs82_rOGktBh7d4RECLN1M
Bs0YnJAta3YwfBmH8qg1UOQ?e=tDC2cB

Figure 4: Positive ions formed from an atom. https://r3deped2-my.sharepoint.

com/:p:/g/personal/sheryl_bonalos_r3-2_deped_gov_ph/Ecs82_rOGktBh7d
4RECLN1MBs0YnJAta3YwfBmH8qg1UOQ?e=tDC2cB

Figure 5: Chlorine atom forms into chloride ion. https://r3deped2-my.sharepoint.

com/:p:/g/personal/sheryl_bonalos_r3-2_deped_gov_ph/Ecs82_rOGktBh7d
4RECLN1MBs0YnJAta3YwfBmH8qg1UOQ?e=tDC2cB

Figure 6: Nitrogen atom forms into nitride ion. https://r3deped2-my.sharepoint.

com/:p:/g/personal/sheryl_bonalos_r3-2_deped_gov_ph/Ecs82_rOGktBh7d
4RECLN1MBs0YnJAta3YwfBmH8qg1UOQ?e=tDC2cB

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Figure 7: Picture A. https://r3deped2-my.sharepoint.com/:p:/g/personal/sheryl_
bonalos_r32_deped_gov_ph/Ecs82_rOGktBh7d4RECLN1MBs0YnJAta3YwfB
mH8qg1UOQ?e=tDC2cB

Figure 8: Picture B. https://r3deped2-my.sharepoint.com/:p:/g/personal/sheryl_

bonalos_r32_deped_gov_ph/Ecs82_rOGktBh7d4RECLN1MBs0YnJAta3YwfB
mH8qg1UOQ?e=tDC2cB

Figure 9: Ions in sodium chloride (NaCl). https://r3deped2my.sharepoint.com/:p:

/g/personal/sheryl_bonalos_r32_deped_gov_ph/Ecs82_rOGktBh7d4RECLN
1MBs0YnJAta3YwfBmH8qg1UOQ?e=tDC2cB

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