où AdÉ¡u

¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ ­O¡o (1844-1912) :

fË¡LÚ-¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ k¤­Nl ­f±l¡¢ZL e¡VL…¢m f¤l¡Z L¡¢q¢e J Q¢lœ Ahmðe L­l l¢Qa
q­mJ f¡ÕQ¡aÉ e¡VÉl£¢al fË­u¡N ­L±nm Hhw ehS¡Nl­Zl B­m¡LfË¡ç e¡VÉL¡­ll
¢Q¿¹i¡he¡ k¤¢š² pj¢eÄa Bd¤¢eL jeC hs q­u E­W­Rz i¡la£u djÑ cnÑ­el BcnÑ,
i¢š²i¡h, B­hN, f¡f-f¤ZÉ paÉ¡p­aÉl à­¾à p­aÉl Su Hhw n¡¿¹lp J i¢š²l­pl
fË¢aù¡- ¢N¢ln k¤­Nl ­f±l¡¢ZL e¡VL …¢ml BcnÑ f§hÑhaÑ£ e¡VÉL¡l­cl e¡V­L
­ajei¡­h fËL¡n f¡u ¢ez i¡la£u­cl L¡­R djÑ S£he-phÑü; hÉ¢š²Na-S£he, f¡¢lh¡¢lL-
S£he, pj¡S-S£he, l¡øÊ ph¢LR¥C djÑ­L A¢dNa L­l ¢hl¡¢Saz ¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ "­f±l¡¢ZL
e¡VL' fËh­å ¢m­M­Re -
""i¡lah­oÑl S¡a£u jÇjÑ-djÑz ­cn¢q°a¢oa¡ fËi«¢a ka fËL¡l Lb¡ B­R, a¡q¡­a
­Lq i¡l­al jÇjÑ ØfnÑ L¢l­a f¡¢l­he e¡z . . .¢q¾c¥ÙÛ¡­el j­ÇjÑ j­ÇjÑ djÑz
jÇjÑ¡nËu L¢lu¡ e¡VL ¢m¢M­a qC­m djÑ¡nËu L¢l­a qC­hz''1

1878 p¡m ­b­L ¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ a¡lLe¡­bl iš² qe Hhw ¢nhf§S¡u hËa£ qez ¢a¢e
a¡l­LnÄ­l k¡e, q¢hoÉ¡æ ­i¡Se L­le, ¢nhl¡¢œ f¡me L­lez L¡m£O¡­V ¢N­u L¡al
fË¡­Z jq¡L¡m£l L¡­R fË¡bÑe¡ S¡e¡ez 1884 p¡­m l¡jL«o· fljqwp­c­hl p­‰
¢N¢lnQ­¾cÊl f¢lQu qu Hhw œ²­j a¡yl iš², ¢noÉ J ­pÀ­ql f¡­œ f¢lZa qez
l¡jL«o·­c­hl p¡¢ædÉ m¡­il flhaÑ£ e¡VL …¢m­a a¡yl S£he J h¡Z£l fËi¡h mrZ£uz
¢a¢e ¢m­M­Re -
""…l¦l L«f¡u HL¢V Aj§mÉ laÀ f¡Cu¡¢Rz Bj¡l j­e d¡lZ¡ S¢eÈu¡­R ­k, …l¦l
L«f¡ Bj¡l ­L¡e …­Z e­qz A­qa¥L£ L«f¡¢på¥l Af¡l L«f¡, f¢aaf¡h­el Af¡l
cu¡- ­pC SeÉ Bj¡u BnËu ¢cu¡­Rez B¢j f¢aa, ¢L¿¹¥ iNh¡­el Af¡l Ll¦Z¡,
Bj¡l ­L¡e ¢Q¿¹¡l L¡lZ e¡Cz Su l¡jL«o·!''2
153
f¤l¡­Zl fË¢a ¢N¢lnQ­¾cÊl B°nnh BLoÑ­Zl Lb¡ A¢he¡nQ¾cÊ N­‰¡f¡dÉ¡u S¡¢e­u­Re -
""¢N¢lnQ­¾cÊl M¤õ¢fa¡jq£ l¡j¡uZ, jq¡i¡la fËi«¢a f¤l¡­Zl Lb¡ A¢a QjvL¡l
L¢lu¡ h¢m­a f¡¢l­aez h¡mL ¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ påÉ¡l fl a¡yq¡l L¡­R h¢pu¡ ­pC pLm
NÒf ö¢e­ae, Hhw Eq¡ a¡yq¡­L Hl©f A¢ii¨a L¢la ­k, ¢a¢e pLm pj­uC ­pC
LÒfe¡u ¢h­i¡l qCu¡ b¡¢L­aez hu­pl p­‰ p­‰ a¡yq¡l j­e ­f±l¡¢ZL ¢Qœ pLm
j¤¢âa qCu¡ ¢Nu¡¢Rmz ¢a¢e ­k f¢lZa hu­p EvL«ø ­f±l¡¢ZL e¡VL¡¢c ¢m¢M­a prj
qCu¡¢R­me, a¡q¡l ¢i¢š HCM¡­ez''3

jq¡i¡la L¡¢q¢e Ahmð­e ¢N¢lnQ­¾cÊl e¡VL…¢m q­m¡- A¢ije¤Éhd (1881), f¡™­hl

A‘¡ah¡p (1882), crk‘ (1883) emcju¿¹£ (1883), fËqÓ¡c Q¢lœ (1884),
nË£hvp¢Q¿¹¡ (1884), Se¡ (1894), f¡™h ­N±lh (1900)z HC e¡VL…¢m­a ¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ
j§ma L¡n£l¡­jl BMÉ¡e Ae¤plZ L­l­Rez ¢N¢lnQ­¾cÊl jq¡i¡la BnËu£ e¡VL…¢m
pÇf­LÑ Evfm cš ¢m­M­Re-
""¢N¢l­nl e¡VÉ­L±nm fkÑ¿¹ jq¡i¡l­al fb¡nËu£z HL-HL f­hÑ Q¢lœ­cl HL-HL
­Qq¡l¡z ¢N¢l­nl jq¡i¡la-¢houL e¡VL…¢m k¢c ­LE HLœ f­se, a­h H­LL¢V
e¡VL ¢hn¡m HL jq¡L¡­hÉl H­LL¢V fhÑ ¢q­p­h a¡yl p¡j­e E¢ca q­h, ph ¢j­m
HL AM™ J S£he¡e¤N ¢Qœ fË¢a¢ùa q­hz''4

¢N¢lnQ­¾cÊl e¡¢VÉL fË¢ai¡l pqS J ü¡i¡¢hL J‹ÆmÉ ­f±l¡¢ZL e¡VL lQe¡uz a¡yl
B­N fkÑ¿¹ f¤l¡ZL¡¢q¢e ¢e­u e¡VL lQe¡ k¡œ¡f¡m¡ J N£a¡¢ie­ul HL¢V ¢ia N­s
E­W¢Rm, ¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ ­pC ¢i­al Jfl ­f±l¡¢ZL e¡V­Ll Cj¡la N­s a¥m­mez h¡P¡¢m
S¡¢al q©c­ul B¢aÑ, djÑfË¡Za¡, cnÑe J BdÉ¡¢aÈLa¡l I¢aqÉ, f¤l¡Z I¢aqÉ Hhw
f¤l¡­Zl fË¢a e¡s£l V¡e -¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ Ni£l i¡­h Ae¤d¡he Ll­a ­f­l¢R­me h­mC a¡yl
q¡­a ­f±l¡¢ZL e¡VL ea¥e j¡œ¡ m¡i L­l­Rz jq¡i¡la Ahmð­e l¢Qa a¡yl
e¡VL…¢ml ¢h­nÔoZ haÑj¡e N­hoZ¡ f­hÑ AaÉ¿¹ …l¦aÆf§ZÑz
154
A¢ije¤Éhd (1881) :
jq¡i¡l­al ­â¡Zf­hÑl A¢ije¤Éhd BMÉ¡e Ae¤pl­Z ¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ ­O¡o HC e¡VL¢V lQe¡
L­lez eÉ¡ne¡m ¢b­uV¡­l e¡VL¢Vl A¢ie­ul fl NË¿Û¡L¡­l fËL¡¢na q­m "i¡la£'
f¢œL¡ EµRÅ¢pa fËnwp¡ L­lez
""a¡yq¡l A¢ije¤Éhd, ¢L a¡yq¡l l¡hZhd HC Eiu e¡V­LC ¢a¢e l¡j¡uZ J
jq¡i¡l­al e¡uL J Efe¡uL­cl Q¢lœ A¢a p¤¤¾cll©­f lr¡ L¢l­a f¡¢lu¡­Rez
Cq¡ p¡j¡eÉ p¤M¤ É¡¢al Lb¡ e­qz . . . A¢ije¤Él e¡j EµQ¡lZ qC­mC Bj¡­cl j­e
­k i¡h Ecu qu, A¢ije¤ÉhdL¡hÉ f¢su¡ ­p i¡­hl ¢LR¥j¡œ °hmrZÉ qu e¡ hlw ­p
i¡h BlJ E‹Æmall©­f g¥¢Vu¡ E­Wz ­k A¢ije¤É ¢hnÄ¢hSu£ AS¥Ñe J p¤i
¤ â¡l
p¿¹¡e, a¡q¡l ­aS¢üa¡ ­a¡ b¡¢L­hC . . . A¢ije¤Éh­dl A¢ije¤É Bj¡­cl ­pC
jq¡i¡l­al A¢ije¤É-­pC LÒfe¡l BcnÑi¨a A¢ije¤Éz HC h‰£u e¡VLM¡¢e­a

­kM¡­eC Bjl¡ A¢ije¤É­L f¡Cu¡¢R-¢L Ešl¡l p­‰ ­fËj¡m¡­f, ¢L p¤i

¤ â¡l p­‰

­pÀq ¢h¢ej­u, ¢L pçlb£l c¤­iÑcÉ h§Éq j­dÉ h£lL¡kÑ p¡d­e—pLm ÙÛ¡­eC HC

e¡V­Ll A¢ije¤É fËL«a A¢ije¤ÉC qCu¡­Rz''5

i£­×jl fa­el fl ­L±lh ­pe¡f¢a l©­f ­â¡Z¡Q¡­kÑl A¢i­oL q­m ¢a¢e f¡™h­cl fË¢a
­pÀqhpa k¤­Ü A­d¡Ñvp¡q£ h­m c¤­k¡Ñd­el L¡­R ¢al×La
« qez HlflC ­â¡Z¡Q¡­kÑl Qœ²h§Éq
¢ejÑ¡­Zl f¢lLÒfe¡, ­kM¡­e h¢m q­he p¤¤iâ¡e¾ce A¢ije¤Éz e¡V­Ll SeÉ BMÉ¡­el HC
Awn¢V AaÉ¿¹ Ef­k¡N£ Hhw BLoÑe£uz A¢ije¤É BMÉ¡e pÇf­LÑ jq¡i¡la pj¡­m¡QL
eª¢pwqfËp¡c i¡c¤s£l hÉ¡MÉ¡ a¡vfkÑf§ZÑ -
""jq¡i¡la ­L¡­e¡ e¡VÉNË¿Û eu h­V, B¢j H¢V­L jq¡L¢hl L¡Òf¢eL fË¢ai¡l ¢hn¡m
¢hÙ¹¡l h­mJ j­e L¢l e¡, ¢L¿¹¥ L¥j¡l A¢ije¤Él Lb¡ Øjl­Z H­mC ­Lje ­ke
iuˆl N¢a Hhw f¢le¢a-pÇfæ e¡VÉ¡w­nl Lb¡ j­e quz AbQ HjeC ­pC e¡VÉ¡wn
­kM¡­e h¤¢T ¢a¢e R¡s¡ Bl ­L¡eJ e¡uL ­eC, jq¡i¡l­al JC ¢h­no M™¡w­n
k¤¢d¢ùl, i£j, AS¥Ñe ph Çm¡e q­u k¡e, HjeL£ ky¡l¡ A¢ije¤É­L qaÉ¡ L­l ¢hSu
155
 m¡i Llm, ­pC ¢hSu£ jq¡lb£ h£l­cl Jfl Bj¡­cl OªZ¡ Hhw ­œ²¡d EŸ£¢fa quz
L¡lZ ¢a¢e A¢ije¤É, ¢a¢e jq¡i¡l­al ¢hl¡V f¤l¦o­cl flhaÑ£ fËS­eÈl fËa£L-
¢Ql¢L­n¡l e¡uL, jq¡i¡l­al AeÉaj VÊÉ¡¢SL ¢q­l¡z''6

e¡V­Ll ¢h­nÔo­Zl f§­hÑ HC f­hÑl L¡¢q¢el i¨¢jL¡V¥L¥ E­õM Ll¡ fË­u¡Sez L¥l¦­r­œ
œ­u¡cn ¢c­el k¤­Ü c¤­k¡Ñde ­â¡Z¡Q¡kÑ­L A¢i­k¡N L­le -
""A¢ij¡e£ c¤­k¡Ñde r¥æ q­u ­â¡Z­L hm­me, ¢àS­nËù Bf¢e ¢eÕQu j­e L­le ­k
Bjl¡ h­dl ­k¡NÉ, a¡C BS k¤¢d¢ùl­L ­f­uJ dl­me e¡z Bf¢e fË£a q­u
Bj¡­L hl ¢c­u¢R­me, ¢L¿¹¥ a¡l AeÉb¡ Ll­mez p¡d¤ ­m¡­L LMeJ i­š²l
Bn¡i‰ L­le e¡z ­â¡Z m¢‹a q­u Ešl ¢c­me, B¢j phÑc¡C ­a¡j¡l ¢fËup¡d­el
­Qø¡ L¢l ¢L¿¹¥ a¥¢j a¡ h¤T­a f¡l e¡z ¢hnÄpøË ¡ ­N¡¢h¾c ­k f­r B­Re Hhw AS¥Ñe
k¡l ­pe¡e£, ­p f­rl hm œÉðL jq¡­ch ¢iæ Bl ­L A¢aœ²j Ll­a f¡­le?
paÉ hm¢R, BS B¢j f¡™h­cl ­L¡eJ jq¡lb­L ¢ef¡¢aa Llhz B¢j Hje h§Éq
lQe¡ Llh k¡ ­cha¡l¡J ­ic Ll­a f¡­le e¡z a¥¢j ­L¡eJ Ef¡­u AS¥Ñe­L p¢l­u
­l­M¡z''7

¢N¢lnQ­¾cÊl e¡V­Ll öl¦­a ¢fQ¡n c­ml pl¡ pl¡ lš² M¡Ju¡l EµR¡p N£a kaV¡
­L±a¥L E­âL L­l, Bpæ k¤­Ül iu¡hqa¡­L aaV¡ Bi¡¢pa L­l e¡z ­L±lh ¢n¢h­l
E¢àNÀ c¤­k¡Ñd­el pwm¡­f L¥l¦­rœ k¤­Ül f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a hÉš² q­u­Rz ¢fa¡jq i£×j­L Rm
­L±n­m dl¡n¡u£ L­l­R f¡™hNZz HMe a¡yl ilp¡l ÙÛm ­â¡Z¡Q¡kÑz ¢L¿¹¥ f¡™h­cl fË¢a
­â¡Z¡Q¡­kÑl ­pÀq¡¢dLÉ b¡L¡u c¤­k¡Ñde a¡y­LJ A¢ik¤š² L­le, ­nÔo h¡LÉ q¡­ee - "lZÙÛm
hË¡þ­Zl eu'z BaÈnÔ¡O¡u BO¡a m¡N¡u ­â¡Z¡Q¡kÑJ ­g¡yp L­l J­Wez
"B¢S q­a, e¢q ­pe¡f¢a ­a¡lz
Qm f¤œ! k¡C AeÉ ÙÛ¡e,
c¤‹Ñ­el pqh¡p e­q ­nËux Li¥z'(1/2)
156
L«f¡Q¡­kÑl k­b¡¢Qa Ef­c­n c¤­k¡Ñde …l¦l Ql­Z ¢hN¢ma nËÜ¡ fËL¡n L­l­Rez a¡yl L­˜
¢LR¥V¡ A¢ij¡­elJ p¤¤l ­m­N­R "e¡ h­m ­a¡j¡­l/ hm h¢mh L¡q¡­l!' Aafl k¤­Ül
j¿»Z¡ ¢ÙÛl qu - p¤¤nÇjÑ¡ AS¥Ñe­L k¤­Ü hÉÙ¹ l¡M­he, Bl "AS¥Ñe ¢hq­e' Qœ²h§É­ql à¡l
lr¡ Ll­he Suâbz g­m L«f¡Q¡kÑ pwn¢ua q­u ­â±Z¡Q¡kÑ­L fËnÀ L­le, "¢e×f¡™h¡
f«¢bh£ ¢L/ fË¢a‘¡ ­a¡j¡l?' ­â¡Z¡Q¡kÑ fËa¥Éš­l ¢L¿¹¥ ­L¡­e¡ pñ¡he¡l Lb¡C hm­me e¡-
"HLj¡œ l¢q­h f¡™h'z nË£jd¤p§c­el "kb¡ dÇjÑ ab¡ Su' ­Ù¹¡­œ f§hÑhaÑ£ pjÙ¹ f¢lLÒfe¡
ep¡v q­u k¡uz ­L±lhL¥­ml ­pe¡f¢a qJu¡l fl ­â¡Z¡Q¡­kÑl j­eJ BaÈpj¡­m¡Qe¡
­cM¡ k¡u -
"S¢eÈu¡ hË¡þZL¥­m,
L¥r­Z qCe¤ AÙ»d¡l£!
k¡N k‘ j‰m L¡je¡ la ¢àS
S£h-ru h¡pe¡ Bj¡l!
­kC Ll a¥¢m­u Eõ¡­p,
Bn£îÑ¡c L¢l­R hË¡þZ,
­pC L­l L¢l ele¡n,
¢àSL¥mNÔ¡¢e B¢j!'(1/2)
Suâ­bl fË¢a ­pÀqhpa c¤­k¡Ñde a¡­L h§Éqà¡­l ¢ek¤š² Ll­a ¢àd¡ fËL¡n L­l ­pÙÛ­m
LZÑ­L j§mlrL ­l­M Suâb­L f¡nÄÑ lr­Ll c¡¢uaÆ ¢c­a ­Q­u­Rez ¢L¿¹¥ Suâb f§hÑ
Afj¡­el Lb¡ hÉš² L­l ¢n­hl L¡­R hl fË¡¢çl E­õM L­lez a¡yl ¢emÑ‹ A¢ihÉ¢š²
fËL¡n ­f­u­R ­â±fc£­L f¤el¡u l­b a¥­m ¢e­u H­p p­ñ¡­Nl m¡mp¡uz ­â¡fc£­L ¢e­u
a¡­cl c¤S­el j­dÉ pwm¡f mrZ£u -
Suâb : pjl¡­¿¹ ­a¡j¡u Bj¡u h¡c,
p¤¾¤ c Efp¤¤¾c kb¡ ¢a­m¡šj¡ ­qa¥!
c¤­k¡Ñde : ­p Bnˆ¡ e¡¢q h£l!
c¤C Se f’Se ÙÛ­m!(1/3)
157
­l¡¢qZ£ J NNÑj¤¢el i¡o­Z ­ch­m¡­Ll f§hÑL¡¢q¢e e¡V­Ll f­r r¢aLlz A¢ije¤É­L
n¡fNËÙ¹ ­cha¡l Bc­m ­cM¡ Hhw a¡l ­m±¢LL j«a¥É q­he¡ h­m ­l¡¢qZ£l Bnˆ¡
e¡VÉlp­L eø L­lz A¢ije¤É ­k ­p¡j­ch ­p Lb¡ Øjl­Z H­e Ešl¡l p­‰ ­l¡¢qZ£l
p¢ae pÇf­LÑl Lb¡ q¡pÉLlz ­l¡¢qZ£ fË¢a j§ý­aÑ A¢ijeÉ¥l j«a¥É L¡je¡ Ll­Re, °chJ
ay¡l pq¡uz ¢L¿¹¥ A¢ije¤Él h£haÆ ay¡­L p¢¾c‡ L­l a¥m­R, ¢a¢e j¤¢el L¡­R hÉL¥ma¡
fËL¡n Ll­Rez j¤¢e S¡e¡­me, "k¤­T h£l Ešl¡l Bu¤a-fËi¡­hz' a¡C ¢a¢e hm­me ­k
Ešl¡l ¢nh-afpÉ¡ i‰ Ll­a, f¡­R ­i¡m¡e¡b hl fËc¡e L­lez A¢ije¤Él jªa¥Él
h¡Ù¹ha¡u Evfm c­šl hÉ¡MÉ¡ e¡VÉL¡­ll i¡he¡­L pÇfËp¡¢la L­lz
""¢N¢l­nl pju-¢Q¿¹¡l üL£ua¡ J Bd¤¢eLa¡ p¤a
¤ l¡w "A¢ijeÉ¥hd' e¡VL­L Hje
HL c¡nÑ¢eL j¡œ¡ ¢c­u­R ­kM¡­e A¢ije¤É J AeÉ¡eÉ h£l­cl Bjl¡ ­c¢M HL
¢elbÑL k¤­Ül BaÈO¡a£ ­en¡u jš-L¡m­pË¡­a a¡¢sa a«ZM­™l jaez C¢aq¡­pl
fË¡u fË¢a k¤­ÜC k¡ O­V H-e¡V­Ll L¥l¦­r­œ a¡C O­V­R, ­k¡Ü¡­cl CµR¡-A¢eµR¡l
E­dÆÑ k¤Ü a¡­cl i¡NÉ ¢edÑ¡lZ L­l kj¡m­u ­fËlZ Ll­R, a¡­cl hÉ¢š²Na üfÀ h¡
BL¡wM¡ fcc¢ma q­µRz L¡m­pË¡­al Be¤L¨­mÉ k¤Ü HL fËhm °ehÑÉ¢š²L n¢š²
¢q­p­h BaÈfËL¡n L­l­Rz A¢ije¤É a¡C f§hÑ ­b­LC jªa¥Éc­™ c¢™az''8

e¡l¡uZ£­pe¡ ¢ed­el m­rÉ AS¥Ñe­L Eá¥Ü L­le L«o·z ¢L¿¹¥ ASÑ¥­el Bnˆ¡ ¢a¢e L¡­R
e¡ b¡L­m HL¡ i£j k¤¢d¢ùl­L lr¡ Ll­a f¡l­he e¡z nË£L«o· i£­jl pqL¡l£ l©­f
AeÉ¡eÉ h£­ll p­‰ O­V¡vL­Ql E­õM Ll­mJ L¥l¦k¤­Ü O­V¡vLQ­L ­cM¡ k¡u A¢ije¤É
h­dl f­lz f¡™­hl¡ hd­k¡NÉ eu h­m, ay¡­cl lr¡­bÑ p¿¹¡­el¡ AL¡a­l fË¡Z ¢hpSÑe
¢c­u­Rez A¢ije¤É, O­V¡vLQ, Cm¡h¿¹, ­â±fc£l f’f¤œ, Hje¢L fl£¢rv fkÑ¿¹ ­lq¡C
f¡e¢ez p¿¹¡e ¢hpSÑe ¢c­u BaÈlr¡-HV¡ ­h¡dqu L¥l¦­rœ k¤­Ül AeÉaj ØVÊÉ¡¢V¢Sz

¢nh La«ÑL f§S¡ ANËq­Zl HL¢V L¡lZ Ešl¡l pwm¡­fl jdÉ ¢c­u fËL¡­nl fË­Qø¡
l­u­R- "i¨ae¡­b L¢l­a AµQÑe¡/ fË¡Ze¡­b j­e f­sz' k¤­Ül f¢le¡j ­i­h A¢ije¤Él
158
SeÉ i£ap¿»Ù¹a¡ h¡¢mL¡ Ešl¡ heh¡p£ S£he­LJ ­nËu j­e L­l­R, "L¡S e¡C l¡SÉ
d­e jj,/ h­e lh h¡Lm hp­e ­a¡j¡ m­uz' j¡a¡ p¤¤iâ¡ h¡vpmÉ A¢aœ²j L­l r¢œu
h£l¡‰e¡l j­a¡ EµQ¡lZ L­l­Re-
"aÉS ­j¡q h£lh¡m¡,
h£lL¥m-l£¢a Øj¢l;
jja¡ ­R¢c­a,
¢n­M j¡ r¢œu-p¤¤a¡ i¨¢jù qC­uz'(2/1)
Ešl¡ A¢ije¤É­L k¤­Ü ­k­a ¢c­a Q¡e e¡, ¢L¿¹¥ AS¥Ñe f¤œ k¤­Ü i£a q­u A¾cljq­m
b¡Lh¡l f¡œ eez A¢ije¤É NZL­L Ev­L¡Q ¢c­u i¢hoÉv O¤¢l­u ­ch¡l ØfdÑ¡
­c¢M­u­Rez
"­O¡l lZ Ef¢ÙÛa fË¡­a!
k¡C â¥a,
f¡¢l k¢c L¥m¡C­a pj­ul hÉuz'(2/3)

""H öd¤ q¡l¡­e¡ pju eu, pj­ul hÉu L¥m¡u j¡e¤o-S£he ¢c­uz''9 ­k L¡m­pË¡a, OVe¡
flÇfl¡ h¡mL­LJ k¤­Ül O¤ZÑ¡h­aÑ ­V­e B­e a¡lC cªø¡¿¹ A¢ije¤Él jªa¥Éz pçlb£l
j¡­T HL¡L£ ¢e¢iÑL ­k¡Ü¡ A¢ije¤Él jªa¥É pwh¡­c Aå dªal¡­øÊl ­Q¡MJ BâÑ quz

jq¡i¡l­al AaÉ¿¹ Se¢fËu A¢ije¤É BMÉ¡e Ahmð­e l¢Qa ¢N¢lnQ­¾cÊl e¡V­L f¤l¡ae
L¡¢q¢e­L ea¥e l©­f My¥­S f¡Ju¡ k¡uz ­f±l¡¢ZL e¡VL lQe¡l fËbj fkÑ¡u q­mJ e¡VÉ
OVe¡ J Q¢lœ ¢ejÑ¡­Z e¡VÉL¡­ll f¤l¡Z ­Qae¡ A¢ieh c¡nÑ¢eL j¡œ¡u Eš£ZÑ q­u­Rz
L¡n£l¡­jl BMÉ¡e fË¡u A¢hL«a ­l­M e¡V­L jq¡L¡­hÉl VÊÉ¡¢SL pñ¡he¡ A¢ije¤Él jªa¥É
¢ff¡p¡u ¢ej¢‹a q­u­Rz

159
f¡™­hl A‘¡ah¡p (1882) :
jq¡i¡l­al ¢hl¡Vf­hÑl L£QL h­dl lNl­N L¡¢q¢e ¢e­u l¢Qa ­hn¢LR¥ k¡œ¡f¡m¡ h¡
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n¢š²l ül©f pÇf­LÑ h­m­Re -
""DnÄ­ll ¢hl¦­Ü ¢N¢l­nl Bl HL ­k¡Ü¡ crz °c­h ¢a¢e ¢hnÄ¡p L­le e¡z c­rl
f¤l¦oL¡­ll ¢fR­e n¢š²-¢a¢e j¡ehpj¢øl j¤Mf¡œ, ¢a¢e ­fË¡­j¢bEpz''17

fª¢bh£­a S£h­el d¡l¡ AhÉqa l¡M¡l SeÉ jq¡fËm­ul eVl¡S ¢nh­L j¤‡ Ll¡l E­Ÿ­nÉ
jq¡j¡u¡l c­rl LeÉ¡ pa£ l©­f SeÈ NËqZ Hhw af¢üe£l pa£­L ¢nh f§S¡ ­nM¡­e¡l
fË¢anË¥¢a­a e¡VÉL¡¢q¢el p§œf¡az pa£l ­ch£l©f cnÑ­e j¡a¡ fËp§¢al j­e Bnˆ¡l Ecu
q­u­Rz fËp§¢a Q¢l­œ ­jeL¡l R¡u¡f¡a OV­mJ af¢üe£ Q¢lœ¢V e¡VÉL­ll ­j±¢mL pª¢øz
crl¡S kaC üfÀ h­m E¢s­u ¢c­a Q¡e e¡ ­Le fËp§¢al pwú¡l HC ­k, S£¢ha
j¡e¤o­L ­ch£l©­f ­cM­m a¡l ALmÉ¡Z quz l¡Z£l nˆ¡ ¢elp­el SeÉ crl¡S k¡Nk­‘l
j¡dÉ­j jea¥¢øl ¢e­cÑn ­cez jq¡­ch ­k­qa¥ dÆwp k­‘l ­q¡a¡ a¡C c­rl j­e q­u­R-
"mu ¢eh¡lZ q­h e¡ LMe,
Be¡Q¡¢l ¢nh-¢eh¡lZ ¢he¡z'(1/3)

pa£­L jq¡­c­hl L¡­R AfÑZ üuw hËþ¡lJ B¢ifË¡uz cr ¢eS LeÉ¡ pa£­L üuwhl¡
Ll­a Q¡ez pa£l jq¡­ch­L hlZ L­l ­eu¡l pñ¡he¡­L cr g¥vL¡­l E¢s­u ¢c­u­Rez
crl¡­Sl d¡lZ¡ a¡yl LeÉ¡l l¦¢Q­h¡­dl ­L±m£­eÉ i¨ae¡b Af¡PÚ­au, AbQ pa£
af¢üe£l L¡­R ­i¡m¡e¡­bl SeÉ hÉL¥ma¡ fËL¡n L­l­Re -
"­cM¡C­a f¡l ¢L ­i¡m¡­l
­i¡m¡ ­Le ­N¡ pæÉ¡p£?
qu p¡d j­e, B¢e a¡­l,
L¢l a¡­l Nªqh¡p£z'(1/4)

167
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cnÑe Ll¡l SeÉ pa£l j­el a£hË hÉL¥ma¡ fËL¡n ­f­u­Rz jq¡­c­hl nÈn¡e h¡­pl
L¡lZ ¢q­p­h af¢üe£ S¡¢e­u­Re ­k hËþ­m¡L, ­N¡­m¡L, Ajlf¤l£ ­cha¡­cl j­dÉ
¢halZ L­l ¢c­u ¢nh i¨a­fËa q£eSe­cl fË¢a ­pÀq hpa ¢a¢e nÈn¡­e h¡p L­lez
¢nh Ù¹h Ll­aC ­i¡m¡e¡b cnÑe ­a¡ ­ceC, H­Lh¡­h jmÉ ¢h¢eju L­l j§ý­aÑl j­dÉ
A¿¹ÜÑ¡e L­lez ¢h­u h¡ üuðl pj­å pa£l ­L¡­e¡ d¡lZ¡ ­eCz pa£l BQlZ HM¡­e
¢ea¡¿¹ h¡m¢MmÉz ¢h­u ¢L, hl ¢L -HC ph fËnÀ ­p a¡l j¡l L¡­R S¡e­a ­Q­u­Rz
Bh¡l, ¢n­hl fË¢a crl¡­Sl a¡¢µR­mÉl Lb¡ ö­e pa£ j§µRÑ¡ k¡ez pa£l üuðl pi¡u
¢nh Ae¤f¢ÙÛa ­i­hC crl¡S ­O¡oZ¡ L­le -
"k¡l N­m aeu¡ A¢fÑ­h q¡l,
­q¡L q£e, ­q¡L e£Q¡Q¡l,
Lc¡L¡l ¢Lð¡ q£e S¡¢a ¢Lh¡,
a¡­l LeÉ¡ L¢lh AfÑZz'(1/5)

cr ¢eS h¡LÉ¡e¤p¡­l LeÉ¡ pÇfËc¡e Ll­me ¢L¿¹¥ LeÉ¡l p­‰ pÇfLÑJ ­Rc L­lez
i«…faÀ£l pwm¡­f k‘¡e¤ù¡­el Lb¡ S¡e¡ k¡u ­kM¡­e pLm ­cha¡ crl¡S­L fËZ¡j
Ll­mJ ¢nh Ec¡p£e i¢‰­a b¡­Lez ­Lee¡ ¢œi¥h­e ­qe n¢š² ­eC ­k jq¡l¦â ejú¡l
pqÉ Ll­a f¡­lez hËþ¡ hÉ¡MÉ¡ ¢c­u­Re, l¦â­ch fËZ¡j Ll­m c­rl j¤™ ¢ef¡a ­kaz
f¤l¡­Z c­rl j¤ä¥l f¢lh­aÑ R¡Nj¤ä fË¢aÙÛ¡f­el Ae¤p‰¢V e¡V­L f˵Ræi¡­h ¢œ²u¡n£mz
Afj¡­e cr jq¡k­‘l B­u¡Se L­le ­kM¡­e ¢nh A¢ej¿»£a, Hje¢L -
"¢nh e¡j ­k B¢e­h j¤­M,
cr¡m­u e¡¢q ÙÛ¡e a¡lz'(2/2)
l¡Sj¿»£ cr­L h¡lh¡l ­h¡T¡­a ­Qø¡ L­l­Re l¡­SÉl j‰­ml SeÉ ¢nh a¥¢øl fË­u¡S­el
Lb¡z ¢L¿¹¥ pª¢ø-¢ÙÛ¢a-mu HC ¢euj ­b­L pwq¡l­L h¡c ¢c­a Q¡e crl¡Sz
168
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Ae¿¹ H ÙÛ¡e,
l¢q­h Ae¿¹ fË¡Z£ p¤¤­Mz'(2/2)

crl¡S e¡lc­L ¢nhq£e k­‘l Lb¡ fËQ¡­ll i¡l ­ce Hhw a¡yl HC k­‘ ¢k¢e
Ae¤f¢ÙÛa b¡L­he ay¡l ÙÛ¡e ­fËaf¤­l q­h h­m ¢e­cÑn ­cez S£h pwq¡­ll fË­u¡Se£ua¡
¢a¢e Aü£L¡l L­lez ¢n­hl p­‰ à­¾àl f¢lZ¡­jl Lb¡ hËþ¡ cr­L ­h¡T¡­a ­Qø¡ L­lJ
hÉbÑ qez hËþ¡-¢ho·¥-j­qnÄ­ll j­dÉ jq¡­chC ­k ­nËù a¡ ¢a¢e f§hÑ-L¡¢q¢e E­õ­M hÉš²
L­l­Rez nh ­c­ql c¤NÑ­å ¢ho·¥ fm¡ue L­l¢R­me, hËþ¡ Q¡l¢c­L j¤M ¢g¢l­u ­eu¡l
SeÉ a¡l Qa¥jѤM qu, Bl "A¢hL¡l f’¡ee d¢lm n­h­l' a¡C SNcÚ…l¦ jq¡­ch f¤l¦o
fËd¡ez f¤l¡­Zl L¡¢q¢e cr J ¢n­hl ­l¡o j¡e-Afj¡­el ¢e¢l­M N­s E­W­R ¢L¿¹¥
¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ ¢Ql¡Q¢la L¡¢q¢e­aC ¢iæal cnÑ­el fËL¡n OV¡­mez "HC ¢nh, HC f¤ex
nh-/HC pª¢ø, pª¢øl ¢hfÔhz'

"A¢ije¤Éhd' h¡ "f¡™­hl A‘¡ah¡p' jq¡i¡l­al j§m L¡¢q¢el p­‰ pÇf«š², "crk‘'

­N±Z pÇf­LÑ k¤š²z c­rl fËS¡hª¢Ül fËu¡p J pa£l ­cqaÉ¡­Nl g­m ¢n­hl ­œ²¡d¡e­m
k‘f™ qJu¡l L¡¢q¢e­L ¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ a¡yl e¡V­L EfÙÛ¡fe L­l­Re pª¢ø J dÆw­pl c¤C
¢hl¦Ü n¢š²l fË¢aà¾à£a¡uz pa£l h¡mp¤¤mi BQl­Z ­L¡b¡J "L¥m£eL¥m phÑ­ü'l ¢L’v
p¡cªnÉ mrÉ Ll¡ k¡uz e¡V­L crk­‘l ¢nh jdÉk¤N£u j‰mL¡­hÉl ­i¡m¡e¡b euz
¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ cr Q¢lœ ¢ejÑ¡­Z f¤l¡Z­L ehl©­f B¢h×L¡l L­l­Rez

169
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jq¡i¡l­al hef­hÑ f¡™h­cl L¡jÉLh­e AhÙÛ¡eL¡m£e hªqcnÄ j¤¢el L¡­R k¤¢d¢ùl

¢e­S­cl c¤iÑ¡­NÉl Lb¡ hÉš² Ll­m j¤¢ehl a­a¡¢dL c¤cÑn¡NËÙÛ em l¡S¡l Ef¡MÉ¡e hZÑe¡
L­lez em-cju¿¹£l flØf­ll fË¢a ¢jme¡L¡´r¡, °ch¢hf¡L Eš£ZÑ q­uJ L¢ml ­L¡­f
p¤¤c£OÑ ¢h­µRc k¿»Z¡ Hhw ­no fkÑ¿¹ f¤e¢jÑme L¡¢q¢el e¡VÉl©f¡u­Z ¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ jq¡i¡l­al
fËQ¢ma BMÉ¡e­LC Ae¤plZ L­l­Rez ¢N¢lnQ­¾cÊl e¡V­Ll hýf§hÑ ­b­LC "em-cju¿¹£'
k¡œ¡f¡m¡l fËQme ¢Rmz ¢L¿¹¥ ­p pLm k¡œ¡f¡m¡ ¢Rm ¢ejÀl¦¢Qlz DnÄl…ç pwh¡c
fËi¡L­l fËQ¢ma f¡m¡ pÇf­LÑ S¡¢e­u­Re -
""L¡¢mucje, ¢hcÉ¡p¤¾¤ cl, e­m¡f¡MÉ¡e fËi«¢a k¡œ¡l B­j¡c B­R ¢L¿¹¥ ašÄ¡hv
AaÉ¿¹ Oª¢Za Ef¡­u pÇfæ qCu¡ b¡­L a¡q¡­a B­j¡c-fËjš Cal ­m¡L hÉa£a
iâpj¡­Sl Lc¡¢f p­¿¹¡o ¢hd¡e qu e¡z''18

¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ a¡yl e¡V­L L¡n£l¡­jl BMÉ¡e Ae¤plZ L­l­Rez jq¡L¡­hÉl qwpc§a e¡V­LJ
h¡aÑ¡ hqe L­l H­e­Rz L¡n£l¡­jl L¡­hÉ f§hÑl¡­Nl mrZ -
""e­ml Q¢lœ ö¢e i£­jl e¢¾ce£z
L¡j-c¡h¡e­m c‡¡ ­kje q¢lZ£zz
cju¿¹£-l©f em ö¢e ­m¡Lj¤­Mz
pc¡C A¢ÙÛl l¡S¡ nl h¡­S h¤­Lzz''19

cju¿¹£l üuð­l k¡Ju¡l f­b em l¡S¡l Efl ­e­j B­p ­cha¡l NË¡pz C¾cÊ, °hnÄ¡el,
nje, hl¦e HC Q¡lSe cju¿¹£ m¡­il BL¡´r¡u em­LC ­c±aÉL­jÑ ¢ek¤š² L­lez em
a¡yl ­fËj¡¢im¡p ­cha¡l f¡­u ¢hpSÑe ¢c­a L¥˜¡ ­h¡d L­le e¡z ­fË¢j­Ll Efl
­cha¡­cl ¢emÑ‹ c¡c¡¢N¢l­L j­aÑÉl j¡eh ­fË¢jL QÉ¡­m” ¢q­p­h ­eu¡l f¢lh­aÑ ¢hejË
i¢š²­a Ahea q­u­Rez
170
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nje hl¦Z HC S­ml DnÄlzz
p­h B¢pu¡¢R cju¿¹£ m¢ih¡­lz
ph¡L¡l c§a q­u k¡q ab¡L¡­lzz''20

e¡V­L ­cha¡l A¢im¡o f¤l­Z e­ml j­e p¡j¡eÉ c¤hÑma¡ ­cM¡ ¢c­mJ jq¡L¡­hÉl
LaÑhÉ­h¡d à¡l¡C ¢a¢e Q¡¢ma q­u­Rez ­cha¡l h¡¢“a h­m cju¿¹£­L eml¡S Bl
¢e­Sl h­m i¡h­a f¡l­Re e¡z e¡V­L i£l¦ ­fË¢jL e­ml pwm¡­f a¡l c¤hÑm j­el
f¢lQu fËL¡¢na q­u­R -
"­ch¡‰e¡ ¢jm¡Ch ­ch-p­e;
B­l ­l A­h¡d je!
k¢c i¡mh¡p,
p¤­¤ M a¡l ¢L ­qa¥ Ap¤¤M£ a¥¢j?'(1/1)

C¾cÊ Q¢l­œl pj¡­m¡Qe¡ Ll¡l ØfdÑ¡ ­cM¡e ¢e eml¡Sz ¢a¢e i£l¦ ­fË¢jL, ­cha¡l
¢hl¦­Ü N­SÑ JW¡l p¡qp a¡yl ­eCz e¡V­L HC OV¢a ¢hc§oL fË¢af§lZ L­l­Rez ¢hc§oL
°ch pj¡­m¡Qe¡u ­kje j¤Ml Bh¡l em l¡S¡l fË¢aJ a£hË hɉ L­l­Rez
¢hc§oL : H ­a¡ hs h¡s¡h¡¢s ­cha¡lz
H Bhc¡l ­Le, l¡S¡?
jq¡l¡S, ­cha¡­cl a ¢hmrZ!
k¡­l a¡­l fË­u¡Se!
j­šÑÉ H­m¡ j¡eh£-Bn¡u!
jq¡l¡S, ­Lj­e S¡¢e­m?
em : L«f¡ L­l h­m­Re a¡yl¡ ­j¡­lz
¢hc§oL : Bq¡, Aa¥m Ll¦Z¡
Bl L«f¡ L¢l k¡­he cju¿¹£ m­u! (1/3)
171
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p­Qae Ll¡u p­Qø qez
"B¢j e¡l£, h¡“¡ L¢l e­l,
e¡ Q¡¢q Aj­l;-
em jj q©c­ul l¡S¡'(1/2)
üuðl pi¡u ­cha¡l¡ e­ml pj-l©f d¡lZ L­l cju¿¹£­L ¢hï¡¿¹ Ll¡l ­Qø¡ L­lez ¢L¿¹¥
cju¿¹£ ­cha¡­cl Ù¹¥¢ah­c p¿¹¥ø L­lez ­cha¡l¡ ay¡l A¢hQm f¢ai¢š²­a fË£a q­u
fË­aÉ­L ül©f hÉš² L­le Hhw em­L hl fËc¡e L­lez mrZ£u ­fË­jl jkÑ¡c¡ c¡­e
Eš£ZÑ q­me cju¿¹£ AbQ ­cha¡l¡ hl c¡e Ll­me eml¡S¡­Lz em ­chL¡kÑ p¡d­el
SeÉ aÉ¡­Nl fb Ahmðe L­l­Re AeÉ¢c­L cju¿¹£ °ch fË­m¡i­e ¢e­Sl Lrfb ­b­L
¢hQ¥Éa e¡ q­u ­cha¡­cl Su L­l­Rez Bh¡l cju¿¹£ ­cha¡­cl NËqZ e¡ Ll¡u n¢el
­L¡f cª¢ø­a f­s­Rez
""°hciÑ£l j­e¡i¡h S¡¢e ­chNZz
Bfe Bfe ¢Qq² Ll¡e cnÑezz
A¢e­jo-eue ­üc¡ð¥q£e L¡u¡z
AÇm¡e L¥p¤j A­‰ e¡¢q A‰µR¡u¡zz''21

¢el¡fl¡d j¡e¤­ol EflJ LM­e¡ LM­e¡ ­e­j B­p °ch ¢hsðe¡z em-cju¿¹£l fË¢a
DoÑ¡L¡al L¢ml Aöi fËi¡h a¡­cl p¤¤M£ c¡ÇfaÉ­L ¢h¢µRæ L­lz L¢m e­ml ¢Râ¡­eÄo­Z
hÉ¡Ù¹ q­u f­sez ""­ch-ü¡j£ aÉ¢S c¤ø¡ h­l el R¡lzz/ HC ­qa¥ c™ B¢j L¢lh
a¡q¡­lz''22 L¢m e­ml i¡C f¤×Ll­L l¡­SÉl fË­m¡ie ­c¢M­u j¡u¡h£ f¡n¡ ­Mm¡u e­ml
l¡SÉ S­ul C¾ce k¤¢N­u pgm qez L¨V E­ŸnÉ pg­ml SeÉ f¤×L­ll Bf¡a iâa¡
¢hc§o­L g¡y¢L ¢c­a f¡­l¢ez
¢hc§oL : CpÚ! ¢hoj NË­ql ­L¡f! jq¡nu, Bq¡l ¢c­a Q¡e, hå¥ h­m X¡L­Re-
n¢el cª¢ø ¢eÕQu ­m­N­R! eC­m ALØj¡v jq¡n­ul Ha ­fËj ­Le? (2/1)
172
¢hc§oL Q¢l­œl AhL¡n jq¡L¡­hÉl BMÉ¡­e ­eCz a­h L¡¢q¢el ­no¡w­n h¡aÑ¡h¡qL
hË¡þ­Zl i¨¢jL¡ e¡V­L ¢hc§o­Ll à¡l¡ fË¢af§lZ q­u­Rz a¡yl ­nÔo hɉ q¡pÉl­pl
A¿¹l¡­m La…¢m ­j±¢mL fËnÀ E›¡fe L­l fËL«a h¡Ù¹h­L ¢Q¢q²a L­lz
j¡u¡-A­r fl¡¢Sa em pjÙ¹ l¡°SnÄkÑ ­q­l ­N­m f¤×Ll cju¿¹£­L h¡¢S l¡M¡l fËp‰
E›¡fe Ll­m e¡V­L e­ml fË¢a¢œ²u¡ A­fr¡L«a S£h¿¹z Bœ²j­Z¡cÉa e­ml NSÑe -
"B­l el¡dj! fË¡­Z e¡¢q Ll Xl?'(2/2)
L¡n£l¡j :
""Ah­n­o ah ¢LR¥ e¡¢q ­c¢M Blz
l¡Z£ cju¿¹£ fZ Llq Hh¡lzz
H­aL ö¢eu¡ ­œ²¡­d ­m¡¢qa-­m¡Qez
e¡¢qL L¢q­a n¢š² ¢hoæhcezz''23
l¡SÉq¡l¡ e­ml pÇf­LÑ e¡N¢lL­cl fË¢a f¤×L­ll ¢e­od¡‘¡ Hhw Sep¡d¡l­Zl j­e¡i¡h
fËL¡­nl p¤¤­k¡N b¡L­mJ e¡V­L e¡N¢lL Q¢lœ ­eCz
L¡n£l¡j :
""em l¡S k¡C­hL p¢æL­V k¡lz
e­m­l l¡¢M­m a¡l phw­n pwq¡lzz
B‘¡j¡œ l¡­SÉ-l¡­SÉ S¡e¡Cm Qlz
l¡S¡‘¡ ö¢eu¡ p­h q©­c f¡u Xlz
¢ae ¢ce ¢Rm em eNl-¢ialz
l¡S¡l i­u­a ­Lq e¡ k¡u eNlzz''24
heh¡p£ e­ml f¤el¡u l¡SÉ m¡­il pñ¡he¡ ­eC, a¡yl i¢hoÉv pÇf¨ZÑ A¢e¢ÕQa AåL¡­l
¢ej¢‹az ¢a¢e cju¿¹£­L ¢hciÑ eN­l a¡yl ¢fa¡l L¡­R ¢g­l ­k­a h­mez ¢eSÑe h­e
cju¿¹£­L HL¡ ­g­m em f¡¢m­u k¡ez pLmC L¢ml Qœ²¡¿¹ h­m j­e q­mJ, em fËL«a
­fË¢jL eez h­el j­dÉ HL¡¢Le£ cju¿¹£l fl hÉ¡­dl fËm¤ì m¡mp¡ J f¢le¡­j iØj
qJu¡l L¡¢q¢e e¡V­L h¢SÑa q­u­Rz A¢eÕQua¡l j­dÉ ­Lhm j¤¢e BnÄ¡p ­ce -
173
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f¤œLeÉ¡pq p¤¤­M h¢’­h Af¡lzz''25

e¡V­L cju¿¹£ Bn¡h¡c£ -

"fË¡­ZnÄl! ¢eÕQu h­m ­q fË¡Z,
f¡h f¤ex clnez
a­h ­Le L­lR A¿¹l,
A¿¹­ll A¿¹l Bj¡l?'(3/5)
Afl¢c­L em ¢e¢ûu, ­Lhm cju¿¹£l f¤exüuð­ll Lb¡u a¡yl q©cu e­s J­Wz ¢h­µRc
a¡yl pqe£u ¢L¿¹¥ Ù»£ AeÉf¤l¦o­L hlZ L­l ­e­he a¡ ¢a¢e j¡e­a f¡­le e¡z f¤l¦­ol
Q¢lœ pÇf­LÑ cju¿¹£l pM£ em­L A¢ik¤š² L­le -
"L¢We f¤l¦o S¡¢a
Ae¡u¡­p i¡kÑÉ¡ aÉ¡N L­l;
. . . BaÈ-¢hp‹Ñe f¤l¦o ¢n­M e¡ Li¥z'(4/5)
e­ml A­eÄo­Z ­Q¢cl¡­SÉ l¡Sj¡a¡l ¢eLV °p¢låÊ£ f¢lQ­u BnËu m¡­il OVe¡ f¡™h­cl
¢hl¡V eN­l BnË­ul L¡¢q¢el p­‰ p¡cªnÉf§ZÑz cju¿¹£ naÑ B­l¡f L­l­Re -
""f¤l¦o-p¢qa ­cM¡ e¡ q­h LMez
f¤l¦­ol ÙÛ¡­e e¡ f¡W¡­h Lc¡Qezz
e¡ R¥yCh E¢µRø e¡ f­c ¢ch Llz
l¡Sj¡a¡ hËa jj L¢q f§hÑ¡flzz''26

L­L¡ÑVL-e¡­Nl cwn­e e­ml ¢hl©f BL¡l fË¡¢ç f¢lQu BaÈ­N¡f­e pq¡uL q­u
L¡¢q¢e­L S¢Vm L­l­Rz e¡V­L RcÈ­hn d¡l­Zl EfLlZ ­f±l¡¢ZL BMÉ¡­e hl¡hl ­cM¡
k¡uz AS¥Ñ­el hªqæm¡ l©f h¡ e­ml ¢hL«a¡L¡l -H lLj hý Ec¡qlZ ­f¡l¡¢ZL
L¡¢q¢e­a k­bø f¢lj¡­e l­u­Rz Ga¥fZÑ l¡S¡l L¡­R e­ml jq¡j¿» c£r¡l g­m L¢ml
fËi¡h j¤š² qJu¡l OVe¡ jq¡L¡­hÉ pj¡d¡­el fb ­c¢M­u­Rz
174
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nl£­l B¢Rm L¢m qCm ¢hLmzz
H­L LLÑ­Vl ¢h­o Sl-Sl c­qz
A¢dL l¡S¡l j­¿» L¢m ¢ÙÛl e­qzz
­pCr­Z A‰ q­a qCm h¡¢qlz
j¤­M­a Nlm h­q, L¢Çfa nl£lzz''27

jq¡j­¿»l fËi¡­h L¢ml ¢eûjZ qu, ­p Ae¤aç a¡yl L«aL­jÑl SeÉz e­ml k¿»Z¡l
Q¡C­a L¢ml k¿»Z¡ ­h¢nz DoÑ¡L¡al ¢Râ¡­eÄo£ hÉ¢š² fËi¨a rja¡l A¢dL¡l£ q­mJ a¡l
j­e LM­e¡C n¡¢¿¹ b¡­L e¡z L¢m­L n¡¢Ù¹ ­cJu¡l j­a¡ ­LE ­eC ab¡¢f L¢m ¢hl¦Ü
n¢š²l fË­u¡­N LÓ¡¿¹z Afl¢c­L e­ml Q¢l­œl ­L¡­e¡ ¢hL¡l ­eCz Ha¢LR¥l flJ e­ml
f¡n¡ ­Mm¡l fË¢a ¢hl©f j­e¡i¡h qu¢ez "k¤Ü ¢Lwh¡ f¡n¡œ²£s¡ ­kh¡ ah je/ Llq
f¤×Ll aÆl¡z'(4/5) cju¿¹£ f¡n¡ ­Mm¡u jš em­L ¢hla q­a h­m­Re ¢L¿¹¥ phÑNË¡p£
f¢lZ¡­jl SeÉ ¢a¢e e­ml fË¢a Ae¤­k¡N L­le ¢ez

pwú«a e¡V­Ll ¢hc§oL Kc¢lL, i£l¦, ­L±a¥LlppËø¡ Q¢lœ l©­fC f¢l¢Qaz ¢L¿¹¥
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­cha¡­cl ­b­L fË¡ç hl…¢m eml¡S¡­L pe¡š² Ll­a pq¡ua¡ L­lz Mm Q¢lœ L¢m
¢hl¦Ü ¢eu¢a l©­f e­ml S£he­L ¢e­u ¢fn¡­Ql j­a¡ œ²£s¡laz a¡­L LMeJ
jq¡i¡l­al nL¥¢e Q¢l­œl p­N¡œ h­m j­e quz L¢m a¡¢sa em J cju¿¹£l ¢ec¡l¦Z
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e¡V­L i¢š²h¡c fËQ¡­ll BhL¡n ­eCz em-cju¿¹£l S£he-e¡VÉ ¢h¢Qœ OVe¡pwO¡­a
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175
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jq¡i¡l­al hef­hÑ °caÉl¡S ¢qlZÉL¢nf¤ J a¡l q¢liš² f¤œ fËqÓ¡­cl L¡¢q¢e Ahmð­e
¢N¢lnQ­¾cÊl e¡VL "fËqÓ¡c Q¢lœ'z hl¡q Aha¡­ll q­Ù¹ ANËS ¢qlZÉ¡­rl ¢ed­el g­m
nË£q¢ll fË¢a ¢h­àoi¡h¡fæ ¢qlZÉL¢nf¤ iš² fËqÓ¡c­L qaÉ¡l hý ­Qø¡ L­lJ hÉbÑ qez
°caÉl¡­Sl j­e fË¢a­n¡d Øf«q¡ SÆm¿¹, AbQ f¤œ­pÀq h¡vpmÉ a¡l je­L BâÑ L­lz
e¡V­Ll e¡j "fËqÓ¡c Q¢lœ' ¢L¿¹¥ fËqÓ¡­cl ­Q­u ¢qlZÉL¢nf¤ Q¢lœ¢V fË¡d¡eÉ ­f­u­Rz
fËqÓ¡­cl HL°l¢ML q¢li¢š²­a q¢l pÇf­LÑ ­L¡­e¡ ¢S‘¡p¡ ­eC h­m Q¢lœ¢V q­u­R
plmz ­œ²¡­d¡eÈš °caÉl¡­Sl j­e ­k ¢hL¡l e¡V­L ­cM¡­e¡ q­u­R a¡ °N¢lnfË¢ai¡l
f¢lQu hqe L­lz

e¡l­cl L¡R ­b­L ¢qlZÉ¡­rl jªa¥É pwh¡­c ¢qlZÉL¢nf¤ q¢l ¢h­ào£ q­u J­We-
""°caÉf¢a h­m ­j¡l M¢™m ¢hØjuz
¢ho·¥ ­p Bj¡l nœ¥ S¡¢ee¤ ¢eÕQuzz''28
q¢ll p¡r¡vm¡­il Ef¡u l©­f i­š²l f£s­el Lb¡ e¡lc h­m­Re, "i­š²l lr­Z
Bf¢e B¢p­h q¢l'z (1/1) jq¡i¡l­a e¡lc iš² f£s­el Lb¡ hm­mJ nœ¥l©­f
iSe¡l E­õM l­u­Rz
""­j¡l ¢jœi¡­h SeÈ dl ¢Nu¡ k¢cz
ïjZ L¢l­h pç Sej Ah¢dzz
nœ¥l©­f ¢qwp¡ k¢c Llq Bj¡lz
N­iÑl k¿»Z¡ j¡œ ¢ae SeÈ p¡lzz''29

jq¡i¡l­al ¢ho·¥ ab¡ q¢li¢š² e¡V­L L«o·i¢š²­a l©f¡¿¹¢la q­u­Rz °ho·h£u

dÉ¡ed¡lZ¡u ­f±l¡¢ZL ¢ho·¥l f¢lh­aÑ ­ki¡­h i¡NÄc£u L«­o·l fË¢aù¡ m¡i O­V­R
e¡VÉL¡­ll je­e a¡lC R¡u¡f¡a ­cM¡ k¡uz
176
H­r­œ L¡n£l¡jJ L«o· fËi¡h A¢aœ²j Ll­a f¡­le ¢e -
""a¢lu¡ k¡C­a Bl e¡¢qL Ef¡uz
L«o·f­c l¡M ¢Qš L¡­l¡ e¡¢q c¡uzz''30

e¡VL¢V lQe¡l pjL¡­m l¡jL«o·­c­hl fËaÉr p¡¢æ­dÉl fËi¡h fËqÓ¡­cl i¢š²i¡­hl j­dÉ
BaÈfËL¡n L­l­Rz Bh¡l ¢qlZÉL¢nf¤l q¢l A­eÄo­Zl j­dÉJ ­e¢ah¡QL¢cL ­b­L
nœ¥l©­f iSe¡l hÉL¥ma¡J f˵Ræi¢š²l ¢ecnÑe- "­c ­l clne, clne ­c ­l
c¤l¡nuz'(1/7)

h¡mL fËqÓ¡c­L °caÉL¥­m¡¢Qa ¢nr¡ fËc¡­el m­rÉ BQ¡kÑ ¢e­u¡­Nl E­õM jq¡L¡­hÉC
l­u­Rz e¡VÉL¡l o™ J Aj¡LÑ e¡­j c¤CSe °caÉ…l¦ ¢e­u¡N L­l­Rez a¡l¡ °caÉl¡­Sl
i­u pwL¥¢Qa - "jq¡l¡S E­i E­i ­c­h n§­m,/ q¡u q¡u f¡m¡h ­L¡b¡u?'(1/2) ¢L¿¹¥
jq¡i¡l­a hË¡þZ …l¦ fËqÓ¡­cl A¢ihÉ¢š² °caÉl¡S pÇj¥­M ALf­V EµQ¡lZ L­l­Rez
e¡V­L ¢qlZÉL¢nf¤­L ¢n­hl iš²l©­f ­cM¡­e¡ q­u­R, "q¡ nˆl! q¢liš² e¾ce Bj¡l,/
HC ­qa¥ Ha¢ce f§¢Se¤ ­a¡j¡u?'(1/4) Bh¡l ¢n­hl L¡R ­b­L hl- "A­Ù» S­m
Ae­m e¡¢qL jªa¥É'(2/5) L¡n£l¡­jl BMÉ¡­e ­eC, a­h ¢nh¡e¤N­aÉl C¢‰a l­u­Rz
fËqÓ¡­cl i¢š² EeÈša¡ AfË¢a­l¡dÉ ­S­e °caÉl¡S h­m­Re-
""¢ea¡¿¹ kcÉ¢f ­a¡l B­R C­ø jez
Llq ¢n­hl ­ph¡ L¢lu¡ kaezz''31
¢n­hl h­l cfÑ£ °caÉl¡S eª¢pw­ql q¡­a jªa¥ÉL¡­m h­ll j­dÉ g¡yLV¥L¥ ­cM­a ­f­u
¢nh­L fËa¡lL hm­me Hhw q¢l­LC ­nËù h­m ü£L¡l L­lez ql-q¢ll A­ic °caÉl¡S
­j­e ¢e­a f¡­le ¢ez eª¢pw­ql pwm¡­f ¢n­hl ­b­L fË¡ç h­ll låÊ Øfø qu-
"p¡åÉ¡L¡m, e­q ¢ch¡¢e¢n,/ e­q S­m-ÙÛ­m-S¡e¤f­l aÉS fË¡Zz' (2/7)

177
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f¤œ jj Bj¡ q­a h£l'(1/4) Bh¡l BaÈpj¡­m¡Qe¡ L­l­Re, "Ai¡N¡ ­L B­R
pwp¡­l,/ hd L­l Bfe L¥j¡­l?'(1/4) f¤el¡u Bfe hw­nl jkÑ¡c¡ ­h¡T¡­a ­N±lh
C¢aq¡p hÉš² L­lez f¤­œl jªa¥É a¡l L¡jÉ eu LM­e¡C, ¢a¢e Q¡C­Re ­SÉù ï¡a¡
q¡¿¹lL q¢ll ¢edez a¡C h¡lh¡l fËqÓ¡c­L ­h¡T¡­e¡l ­Qø¡ Ll­Re -
"HMeJ ­l j¡SÑe¡ L¢lh ­a¡­l,
hm q¢l A¢l
Cø­ch nˆ­l fËe¡j Llz(1/5)
L¡n£l¡j : ""ka AÙ» fËq¡¢lm ka °caÉN­Zz
q¢Ù¹c¿¹ ­W¢L ­c­q i¡­‰ aar­Zzz
n£am qCm A¢NÀ ­c¢M­m fl£r¡z
f¢se¤ fhÑa q­a a¡­q ­fe¤ lr¡zz
jq¡jš jõNZ mq q£ecfÑz
B­l¡ S¡e ¢hoq£e °qm L¡mpfÑzz
fËj¡­c f¡Ce¤ lr¡ k­‘l Ae­mz
pj¤­â ­g¢m­a a­h ¢nm¡ h¡¢å N­mzz
p¡r¡­a ­c¢M­m a­h i¡¢pm f¡o¡Zz
ab¡Q e¢qm c§l ­a¡j¡l A‘¡ezz''32
jq¡i¡l­a q¢l­L eª¢pwq Aha¡l l©­f ­cM¡l f§hÑ fkÑ¿¹ ¢a¢e AcªnÉ ¢R­me, ¢L¿¹¥ e¡V­L
L­uL¢V cª­nÉ ­cM¡ k¡u- q¡a£l ¢f­W Bl©t, fË‹¢ma B…­e, pj¤âh­r fËqÓ¡c­L lr¡
Ll­a ¢a¢e pnl£­l Ef¢ÙÛa q­u­Rez fË¡ZaÉ¡­Nl iu fËqÓ¡­cl ¢h¾c¥j¡œ ­eC, öd¤ L«o·
cnÑe¡L¡´r¡-
"­cM¡ c¡J jce­j¡qe B¢p,
Hp Hp i£aSe pM¡!
h¡yL¡ q­u c¡ys¡J pÇj¨­M,
f¤m­L Ae­m aÉ¢S fË¡Z'(2/4)
178
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q¡a£ fËqÓ¡­cl hnÉa¡ ü£L¡l L­l ¢e­u °ca¡e¤Ql­cl fË¡Zf¡a Ll­Rz ¢qlZÉL¢nf¤l j¢qo£
Lu¡d§ jq¡L¡­hÉ ­eCz ¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ ¢qlZÉL¢nf¤l A¿¹LlZ hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll­a ¢N­u l¡S¿¹f¤­ll
HL¢V cªnÉ Aˆe L­l­Rez e¡V­Ll ¢àa£u A­ˆl a«a£u NiÑ¡­ˆ NcÉ pwm¡­f ¢hL¡lNËÙ¹
°caÉl¡S Ù»£­L ivÑpe¡ Ll­Re, "a¥C f¡¢fe£ e£Q-L¥­m¡áh¡! e­Qv Hje e£Q p¿¹¡e ­Le
fËph Ll¢m? ­a¡l p¿¹¡e Bj¡u ¢ch¡¢e¢n a¥o¡e­m c‡ Ll­Rz' jq¡i¡la h¢qiÑ̈a
°caÉl¡­Sl ¢hL¡lNËÙ¹ BQlZ e¡VÉL¡­ll ­j±¢mL fË¢ai¡l f¢lQu hqe L­lz Q¢l­œl
jeÙ¹¡¢šÄL ¢cL E­eÈ¡Qe Ll­a HC e¡VÉcª­nÉl fË­u¡Se l­u­Rz jq¡L¡¢hÉL Kc¡kÑa¡u k¡
E­f¢ra; ¢fa«pš¡, i¡a«­fËj J BaÈqwL¡­ll O¤¢ZÑf¡­L a¡ j¡eh q©c­u B­¾c¡me
pª¢øL­lz jq¡L¡­hÉl c¡eh-q©cu j¡eh-q©c­u f¢lZa q­u­Rz f¤­œl fË¢a ­pÀqhnaC ¢a¢e
¢eSq­Ù¹ fËqÓ¡c­L qaÉ¡ Ll­a f¡­le e¡z ¢e¢âa AhÙÛ¡u ¢QvL¡l, O¤­jl j­dÉ fcQ¡lZ¡,
Nc¡O¡­a h¡N¡e ¢Ræ¢iæ Ll¡ fËi«¢a a¡l A¿¹Ll­ZlC h¢qxfËL¡nz °caÉl¡S ¢qlZÉL¢nf¤
­Lhm q¢l¢h­ào£ eu, a¡l A¿¹­l f¤œ­pÀ­ql ¢cL¢VJ e¡V­L E­eÈ¡¢Qa q­u­Rz

nË£hvp-¢Q¿¹¡ (1884) :

nË£hvp-¢Q¿¹¡ Ef¡MÉ¡­el pËø¡ L¡n£l¡j c¡pz j§m jq¡i¡l­a H BMÉ¡e e¡ b¡L­mJ p¡d¡lZ
h¡P¡¢m jq¡i¡la hm­a Ln£l¡­jl BMÉ¡e­LC h¤­T b¡­L Hhw e¡VÉL¡­ll¡ a¡yl L¡¢q¢eC
Ae¤plZ L­l­Rez de-pÇf­cl A¢dù¡œ£ ­ch£ mrÈ£ J Aöi cª¢ø pÇfæ n¢e ­cha¡l
j­dÉ ­nËù­aÆl c¡¢h ¢e­u fË¢aà¾à£a¡l jdÉ¢c­u e¡V­Ll p§œf¡a L¡n£l¡­jl Ae¤p¡l£
q­mJ ¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ dea¡¢¿»L piÉa¡u ¢e­Øf¢oa j¡e¤­ol k¿»Z¡ hÉš² L­l­Rez depÇfcC
SN­al pLm An¡¢¿¹l j§m h­m n¢e mrÈ£­L hɉ L­l­Rez L¡n£l¡­jl BMÉ¡­el ¢eRL
°ch Lmq e¡V­L B­l¡ HL j¡œ¡ pw­k¡Se L­lz

179
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¢eh¡l­Zl SeÉ j¿»£ l¡S¡l L­R l¡­SÉl haÑj¡e AhÙÛ¡ hÉš² L­lez l¡S­L¡o ­b­L AbÑ
¢hal­Z p¡j¢uL r¥¢æhª¢š q­mJ j§m pjpÉ¡l pj¡d¡e q­h e¡z nË£hvp h¢Z­Ll fË¢a
¢e­od¡‘¡ Ll¡l ¢hd¡e My¥­S f¡e e¡, "¢L ¢hQ¡­l, h¢Z­L­l L¢lh h¡lZ?'(1/2)

c£e-q£­el fË¢a nË£hv­pl A¿¹­l pj­hce¡ b¡L­mJ h¡a¥m AeÉ¡u AaÉ¡Q¡­l l¡S¡l fË¢a
¢hnÄ¡p q¡¢l­u­Rez Ae¡q¡l£ h¡a¥­ml l¡S¡e¤NË­q Ah­qm¡ dea¡¿»£L piÉa¡l fË¢a HL
a£hË hɉz e¡V­L h¡a¥m AaÉ¡Q¡¢la fËh¢’a p¡d¡lZ j¡e¤­ol fË¢a¢e¢dz L¡n£l¡­jl
BMÉ¡­el j­dÉ dea­¿»l pj¡­m¡Qe¡ ­eCz mrÈ£ J n¢el ­nËùaÆ ¢hQ¡­l üZÑ J ­l±fÉ
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¢c­u­Re -
"­cMÚh ­Lje Bcl ­a¡j¡l,
¢pwq¡pe ¢cpÚ j¡ ­p¡Z¡l,
Bl ­k B­p ­h¡pÚ­h H­p-
l©­f¡l M¡e¡ lCm a¡¢lz'(1/3)

depÇf­cl ­ch£ mrÈ£l h¡aÑ¡ h¢ZL piÉa¡l ­N¡fe osk­¿»l j­a¡ l¡Sj¢qo£ ¢Q¿¹¡l
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¢Q¿¹¡l i¨¢jL¡ L¡n£l¡­j ­eCz mrÈ£ J n¢e­L ¢e­u ¢àf¡r£L B­m¡Qe¡l AhL¡n e¡V­L
b¡L­mJ BMÉ¡­e ­p p¤¤­k¡N ­eCz nË£hvp BaÈ­c¡o j¤š² qJu¡l SeÉ j¿»Z¡ L­l
¢hQ¡­ll Ef¡u ¢edÑ¡lZ L­l­Re-
""Be c¤C ¢chÉ ¢pwq¡pez
HL ü­ZÑ ¢h¢e¢ÇjÑa HL­l±fÉ ¢hl¢Qa,
c¤C f¡­nÄÑ c¤­ul ÙÛ¡fezz''33
180
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pjfkÑ¡­u ¢e­u H­p­Rz h¡a¥m a¡l S£h­el pw¢rç p¡l l¡S¡l L¡­R fËL¡n L­l­Re -
"Sm q­m¡ e¡, M¡Se¡ ¢c­a f¡lÚ­mj e¡-hl ­R­mV¡l h¤L X­m ­j­l ­g­õ, Bl
Bj¡u ­S­m ¢c­m, j¡N£V¡­L ­V­e ¢e­u ­Nm, ­R­m…­m¡J Aæ¡i¡­h j¡l¡ ­Nmz
­S­ml fl ¢ir¡, a¡l fl Q¥¢l, a¡l fl ­gl ­Smz' (1/5)
­f±l¡¢ZL L¡¢q¢el p­‰ pju J k¤N fËi¡­h e¡V­L Hi¡­hC ea¥e Q¢l­œl Ae¤fË­hn O­Vz
mrÈ£ J n¢e Eiu­LC Afj¡e Llh¡l h¡a¥m-h¤¢Ü i£l¦ j­e Wy¡C f¡u e¡z e¡V­L
h¡j¢c­Ll ¢pwq¡p­e mrÈ£l hp¡ eÉ¡u p‰a eu ¢h­hQe¡ L­l n¢e ¢e­SC h¡j¢c­Ll
¢pwq¡p­e h­p­Rez L¡n£l¡j plm i¡­h c¢r­Z ­nËù Bpe fË¢aù¡ L­l­Rez

e¡V­L n¢e hË¡þ­Zl RcÈ­h­n fËS¡­cl l¡SÉ ¢heø Ll¡l SeÉ fËaÉr i¡­h Evp¡q
¢c­u­Rez HLj¡œ h¡a¥m R¡s¡ pL­mC n¢el Lb¡u Evp¡¢qa q­u l¡SÉe¡­n EeÈš quz
n¢el pwm¡f-
"B­l ­a¡l¡ ­Le h­p-k¡, d¡­el ­N¡m¡ m¤VÚ ­L¡l­Nz °q °q në öe¢RpÚ?

Ešlf¡s¡u ­m¡L ph m¤­V ¢e­mz ­cMÚ, ­cMÚ, ­a¡g¡ B…e ­SÆ­m ¢c­u­R-k¡, m¤V

Ll, Ol SÆ¡¢m­u ­c, hs ­m¡­Ll pîÑe¡n Ll, °e­m Bl Ef¡u e¡C-k¡, j¡lÚ L¡VÚ
m¤VÚ Llz'(2/1)
¢àa£u A­ˆ fËS¡­cl ¢h­â¡q, ­L¡V¡­ml fË¡Ze¡n J l¡S¡­L ¢ed­el fË­Qø¡u f£¢sa
Sep¡d¡l­Zl ¢h­r¡­i nË£hv­pl fm¡ue -CaÉ¡¢c fËp‰ e¡VL­L ¢iæj¡œ¡ c¡e L­lz
j¡u¡-ec£ f¡l¡f¡­l Rme¡ L­l L¡yb¡ ¢e­u k¡Ju¡l cª­nÉ e¡V­L c¤x­Ml j­dÉJ n¢el
l¢pLa¡-
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R'j¡p ö­L¡J­N, ¢hn ¢a¢ln ­pl j¡wp e¡ LjÚ­m B¢j f¡l L­š f¡l­h¡ e¡z'(2/7)

181
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ljZ£-p¢qa l¡­œ ­L¡b¡u Njezz
q¢lu¡ L¡q¡l e¡l£ ­L¡b¡ ¢eu¡ k¡Jz
f¢lQu ­cq B­N, L¨­m­a c¡ys¡Jzz''34

mrÈ£­ch£ j¡­T j¡­T RcÈ­h­n ¢Q¿¹¡l ¢eLV H­p p¡¿¹e¡ J ¢cLÚ¢e­cÑn L­l k¡ez Bjªa
c¡e L­le, nË£hv­pl pwh¡c S¡¢e­u k¡ez
"fË¡Z Bj¡l ­Lje L­l,
¢eaÉ ­a¡­l ­cM­a B¢p,
a¥¢j k¡J S­m ­i­p,
eue S­m B¢j i¡¢pz'(4/1)
Ae¡q¡­l nË£hvp Ae¤d¡he Ll­a f¡­le r¥d¡aÑ fËS¡­cl k¿»Z¡z d£hl J L¡W¥¢lu¡
pÇfËc¡­ul p­‰ HL¡aÆa¡l jdÉ¢c­u l¡Sa­¿»l fa­el ¢Qœ ­f±l¡¢ZL L¡¢q¢e­L k¤­Nl
fË¡p¢‰L L­l ­a¡­mz h¢Z­Ll ­e±­L¡ Ql¡u ­W­L ­N­m NZL­hn£ n¢el fl¡j­nÑ
L¡W¥¢lu¡ ­h±­cl n¡¢s ¢hal­Zl flJ ­e±L¡ e¡ i¡p­m h¢ZL n¢e­L lp¡m j¿¹hÉ L­le-
"­a¡j¡l Lb¡u hÙ¹¡ hÙ¹¡ n¡s£ ¢hm¡m¤j, Bl ­e±L¡ ­Lhm i¥pÚ i¥pÚ h­p k¡­µR! h¢m
J öLÚ­e¡ L¡­Wl ­e±L¡,-­a¡j¡l jae ­a¡ ­aje lp e¡C ­k, ­j­u j¡e¤o R¥­y mC N¡

­pJl¡­h-­i­p k¡­hz'(3/2)

n¢el fl¡j­nÑ ¢Q¿¹¡­L Ae¤eu L­l ­e±L¡Øf­nÑ pÇja L­l a¡l à¡l¡ ¢hfc j¤š² qJu¡l
flC ¢Q¿¹¡­L ­S¡lf§hÑL ­e±L¡u a¥­m ­eu¡l L¡¢q¢e L¡n£l¡­jl Ae¤l©fz
""S¡¢em je¤oÉ e­q HC e¡l£Sezz
k¢c ­j¡l ­e±L¡ Li¥ BVL qC­hz
Cq¡­L mC­m p­‰ aM¢e Q¢m­hzz
Ha i¡¢h ­e±L¡f­l mCm ¢Q¿¹¡­lz''35
182
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BnË£a nË£hvp l¡S¡l på¡e h­m ­cez L¡n£l¡­j iâ¡ hl ­Q­u ¢e­u¢R­me -
""hl k¢c ¢c­h a¥¢j, nË£hvp-eªf¢a ü¡j£,
HC hl ­cq j¡ Bj¡­lzz''36
üuwh­l AeÉ¡eÉ l¡S¡­L Ah­qm¡ L­l nË£hvp­L hlZ L­l ­eu¡l g­m iâ¡l ¢fa¡l
¢hfl£a fË¢a¢œ²u¡-
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iâ¡LeÉ¡-j¤M B¢j e¡ ­c¢Mh Blz
¢hd¡a¡ L¢lm ­j¡l A¿¹f¤l p¡lzz
Ha L¡m iNha£ L¢l Bl¡dez
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c¡e L­lez L¡n£l¡j a¡­cl L¡l¡l¦Ü L­le ¢ez

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183
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h‰L¢h L¡n£l¡j Se¡u l©f¡¿¹l L­l­Rez L¡n£l¡j ¢Lwh¡ L«¢šh¡p hÉ¡p-h¡mÈ£¢Ll Ae¤h¡c
Ll­a ¢N­u k¢c ­Lhm pwú«­al c¡paÆC Ll­ae a¡q­m a¡y­cl fy¡Q¢m h¡P¡¢ml O­l
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184
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185
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eu, ü¡j£l fË¢a a£hË A¢ij¡­e BaÈ¢hpSÑ­el f§­hÑ Se¡q£e l¡Sf¤l£l Lb¡ ­i­h a¡l
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186
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Se¡ Q¢lœ ­pC fËL¡­n ¢h¢nøz''45

L¡n£l¡­jl BMÉ¡­e fËh£l Q¢l­œ j¡a«i¢š²l E­õM ­eCz ¢L¿¹¥ Se¡ e¡V­L fËh£l Q¢l­œl
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nj­el A¢dL¡l e¡ l¢q­h Bl,
Apwnu l¡Sf¤œ ¢S¢e­h pjlz' (3/3 )

e¡V­L AS¥Ñe nË£L«o·­L kb¡bÑ pM¡ e¡ ­i­h c¡p i¡­h ¢e­hce L­l­Re -
"a¥¢j fËi¥, c¡p ­j¡l¡ p­hz
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187
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e£mdÆ­Sl L«o·i¢š² iu ­b­L S¡az e¡VÉL¡l i¢š²l à¡l¡ iu­L Bs¡m L­l­Rez e¡V­L
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L­l­Rez AnÄ­jd k­‘l ¢hÙ¹«a ¢hhl­Z °S¢j¢e ­k BMÉ¡­el p§œf¡a L­l¢R­me,
L¡n£l¡j a¡­L h¡P¡¢m j¡e­pl Ef­k¡N£ L­l a¥­m¢R­mez Bh¡l Bd¤¢eL L¡­ml L¢h
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188
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n¡fj¤š²¡ q­u ü­NÑ Nje Ll­m k¤­Ül pj¡¢ç O­Vz c™£J ¢e­Sl l¡­SÉ fËaÉ¡haÑe
L­lez''47

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Ae¤a¡­f c­q ­n­o fË¡Z!

189
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EîÑn£l ­k¡N¡­a Bq¡lz'(1/1)
e¡V­L EhÑp£ BaÈf¢lQu ¢c­u c™£­L p¡hd¡e L­l­Rez üNÑ ­hnÉ¡ ­f±l¡¢ZL EhÑp£
L¡je¡ ­b­L ¢hla b¡L­a h­me e¡ hlw L¡je¡l g¡y­c BhÜ Ll­aC Q¡ez e¡V­L jaÑ
j¡eh£l ­fËjq£e ­cqS ­i¡­N LÓ¡¿¹ ül -
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ØfnÑ m¡­N A‰¡l pj¡ez
q¡u q¡u-fË¡Z e¡¢q k¡u,
e¡l£ q­u p­q Bl La!'(1/3)

A­nÄ l©f¡¿¹­ll j­dÉ ¢ejÀÙ¹­ll nl£lphÑü fË¡Z£l l©f­L f˵Ræ l­u­R p§rÈ hɉz EhÑn£l
l©­fl ­j¡­q Aå c™£ l¡SÉf¡­Vl Lb¡ e¡ ­i­h pjÙ¹ fª¢bh£ ­b­L ¢h¢µRæ q­u R¥­V
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fË¡Zq£e¡ L¡¢je£­l?
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e¡¢q q­h A¿¹l n£amz'(1/1)
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NÔ¡¢e-
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190
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AqwL¡lq£ez Hje ¢L f¤œ A¢ije¤É­L ¢e­u ­â±fc£l ­k BØg¡me a¡J p¤¤iâ¡l ­eCz
e¡V­L L«o·iNÀ£ p¤¤iâ¡l c™£­L BnËu c¡­el j­dÉJ a£hËi¡­h L¡S L­l­R S¡aÉ¡¢ij¡ez
k¡che¢¾ce£ f¡™¥L¥me¡l£ p¤¤iâ¡ hml¡j­L Øf¢dÑa ü­l h­m­Re -
"L¡¢V ­hZ£ ¢he¡Ch …Z,
AnÄ l‹¥ L¢lh d¡lZ f¤ex,
e¡l£ q­u d¢lh de¤Lz'(2/7)
nË£L«­o·l fË¢aØfdÑ£ l©­f BaÈfËL¡­nl rja¡ ­L¡­e¡ l¡S¡C ­cM¡e ¢ez c¤­k¡Ñde k¡ch­cl
p­‰ pwOoÑ M¤h p¡hd¡­e H¢s­u ­N­Rez Hje¢L j¡b¡­j¡V¡ i£jJ ¢hdÆwp£ k¤­Ü ¢hf¤m
Ser­ul ¢ec¡l¦Z f¢le¢a­L p£¢ja Ll­a nË£L«­o·l p­‰ à¾àk¤­Ül fËÙ¹¡h ­cez
"L¢lh L«­o·l pq °àlb-pjl,
fl¡Su L¢l­u Bj¡­l
a¥l¢‰Z£ p­e c™£ Ll¦e NËqZz'(2/5)

L«­o·l fË¢afr l©­f JlC i¢NÀ p¤¤iâ¡­L p¢œ²u i¨¢jL¡u ­cM¡ k¡uz AeÉ¢c­L k¤­Ül
¢hl¦­Ü j¡eha¡l fË­nÀ iNh¡e nË£L«o·­ll fË¢a p‰a fËnÀ a¥­m­Re l¦¢LÈZ£z
191
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qJ q¢l aM¢e a¡q¡l A¢l!
q£ej¢a ­Lj­e ­q h¤¢Th Q¢la?
¢hfl£a-l£¢a ¢Lh¡ B¢S,
Ah¿¹£l A¢nÄe£ q¢l­a ­Le p¡d?'(1/3)

jq¡i¡l­a A‘¡ah¡­pl ­n­o k¤­Ü¡­cÉ¡­Nl pjL¡m e¡VÉ L¡¢q¢el pju L¡mz ­L±l­hl
¢hl¦­Ü k¤­Ül Bh­q Oe£i¨a f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a­a ­â±fc£l r¡œ­aS e¡V­L pwn­u pwL¥¢Qaz
""¢fa¡ jj k¤¢T­he â¥fc p¤¤d£lz
i¡C B­l¡ k¤¢T­he dªøc¤ÉjÀ h£lzz
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f’i¡C k¤¢T­he l­Z p¡hd¡ezz
jj f’ f¤œ B­R pwNË¡­j p¤¤d£lz
¢àa£u h¡ph k¤­Ü A¢ije¤Éh£lzz''49
e¡V­L ­â±fc£l pwm¡f :
"HL¡cn A­r±¢qZ£ ­L±lh pq¡u,
a¡­q e¡l¡uZ£ ­pe¡ ­c­Re nË£q¢l,
­pJ A­r±¢qZ£ HL¡cn;
ö¢e …Zj¢Z, L«o· pj h£l S­e S­ez
e¡ h¤¢T ­Lj­e a­h q­h lZ-Su!'(2/1)

jq¡k¤­Ül fË¡LÚL¡­m c™£­L lr¡l SeÉ L«­o·l ¢hl¦­Ü f¡™h­cl k¤Ü S¢Vm f¢l¢ÙÛ¢al
pª¢ø L­lz jq¡i¡l­a f¡™­hl E›¡e nË£L«­o·l fc¡nËu L­lC pñh q­u­Rz L«o·
¢h­l¡¢da¡l j­a¡ qWL¡¢l ¢pÜ¡¿¹ f¡™­hl j­e ¢h¾c¥j¡œ S¡uN¡ L­l ¢e­a f¡­l e¡z
k¡c­hl p­‰ k¤­Ü ­L±lhN­Zl AhÙÛ¡e ­L¡e f­r q­h ­p pj­å c¤­k¡Ñde c¤xn¡pe­L ­p
Lb¡C h­m­Re hef­hÑ NåhÑl¡­Sl q¡a ­b­L lr¡l SeÉ k¤¢d¢ùl Ae¤S­cl k¡
192
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"­Se h£l, fl pq h¡­c-
HL na f’ i¡C ­j¡l¡;
‘¡¢a k¤­Ü AeÉ ja-
f’ Se a¡l¡, ­j¡l¡ na p­q¡clz'(3/1)

DnÄ­ll ¢hl¦Ü pwNË¡­j j¡eha¡l hå­el p§­œ c¤­k¡Ñde üS¡¢al fË¢a Ni£l BaÈ£ua¡
­h¡d L­l­Rez HC e¡V­Ll e¡uL i£j, AS¥Ñ­el ­L±lh pi¡u p¡q¡kÉfË¡bÑ£ q­u Nje h¡
LZÑ­L ¢e­S­cl f­r Be¡l SeÉ L¥¿¹£l ­a¡o¡­j¡c ­L¡eV¡C i¡­m¡i¡­h ­j­e ¢e­a
f¡­le ¢ez k¤­Ül EeÈ¡ce¡u fËhm fl¡œ²jn¡m£ c¤¢V ENËr¢œu ­N¡ù£ flØf­L ¢he¡­nl
pwL­Òf p¡j¡eÉ HL ­O¡VL£­L ­L¾cÊ L­l ­k dÆwp k­‘ ­j­a E­W­R ¢N¢lnQ­¾cÊl e¡V­L
a¡lC fË¢al©f ¢Q¢œa q­u­Rz

abÉp§œ :
1.¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ ­O¡o : ¢N¢lnQ­¾cÊl lQe¡hm£, (1j M™), "­f±l¡¢ZL e¡VL' fª: 732, p¡¢qaÉ
pwpc, f’j j¤âZ,2012
2. ¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ ­O¡o : ¢N¢lnQ­¾cÊl lQe¡hm£, (5j M™), "iNh¡e nË£nË£l¡jL«o·­ch' fª: 260,
p¡¢qaÉ pwpc, f’j j¤âZ, 2012
3. A¢he¡nQ¾cÊ N­‰¡f¡dÉ¡u : "¢N¢lnQ¾cÊ', fª:20, ­c'S f¡h¢m¢nw, a«a£u pwúlZ, 2011
4. Evfm cš : "¢N¢ln j¡ep', fª: 250, Hj. ¢p. plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡C­iV ¢mx,
a«a£u pwúlZ, 2008
5. i¡la£-j¡O, 1288
6. eª¢pwqfËp¡c i¡c¤s£ : "jq¡i¡l­al mO¤…l¦' fª:153, fœ­mM¡, fËbj fËL¡n, 2012
7. l¡S­nMl hp¤¤ : "jq¡i¡la' (p¡l¡e¤h¡c), fª: 420, Hj ¢p plL¡l AÉ¡™ p¾p
fË¡x ¢mx, œ­u¡cn j¤âZ, 1418

193
8. Evfm cš : "¢N¢ln j¡ep', fª: 237, Hj. ¢p. plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡x ¢mx,
a«a£u pwúlZ, 2008
9. Evfm cš :I
10. ­ch£fc i–¡Q¡kÑ (pÇf¡.) : ¢N¢ln lQe¡hm£, (3j M™), i¨¢jL¡ Awn, fª: 14, p¡¢qaÉ pwpc,
f’j j¤âZ, 2012
11. Evfm cš : "¢N¢ln j¡ep', fª: 241, Hj. ¢p. plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡x ¢mx,
a«a£u pwúlZ, 2008
12. L¡n£l¡j c¡p : jq¡i¡la, fª: 554-555, ­ch p¡¢qaÉ L¥V£l fË¡x ¢mx, j¤âZ-2013
13. L¡n£l¡j c¡p : I, fª: 563, I
14. Bö­a¡o i–¡Q¡kÑ : "h¡wm¡ e¡VÉp¡¢q­aÉl C¢aq¡p' (1j Mä), fª:399, H. j¤M¡SÑ£
AÉ¡ä ­L¡w fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX, pçj pwúlZ, 2009
15. Evfm cš : "¢N¢ln j¡ep', fª: 248, Hj. ¢p. plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡C­iV ¢mx,
a«a£u pwúlZ, 2008
16.L¡m£fËpæ ¢pwq : "jq¡i¡la' (2u M™), fª: 280, a¥¢mLmj, Aøj pwúlZ, 2008
17. Evfm cš : "¢N¢ln j¡ep', fª: 233, Hj. ¢p. plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡C­iV ¢mx,
a«a£u pwúlZ, 2008
18. pð¡c fËi¡Ll, 28 S¥e, 1848
19. L¡n£l¡j c¡p : jq¡i¡la, fª: 411, ­ch p¡¢qaÉ L¥V£l fË¡x ¢mx, j¤âZ-2013
20. L¡n£l¡j c¡p : jq¡i¡la, fª: 413, I
21. L¡n£l¡j c¡p : jq¡i¡la, fª: 415, I
22. L¡n£l¡j c¡p : jq¡i¡la, fª: 415, I
23. L¡n£l¡j c¡p : jq¡i¡la, fª: 417, I
24. L¡n£l¡j c¡p : jq¡i¡la, fª: 417, I
25. L¡n£l¡j c¡p : jq¡i¡la, fª: 420, I
26. L¡n£l¡j c¡p : jq¡i¡la, fª: 422, I
27. L¡n£l¡j c¡p : jq¡i¡la, fª: 427, I
28. L¡n£l¡j c¡p : jq¡i¡la, fª: 510, I
194
29. L¡n£l¡j c¡p
30. L¡n£l¡j c¡p
31. L¡n£l¡j c¡p
32. L¡n£l¡j c¡p
33. L¡n£l¡j c¡p
34. L¡n£l¡j c¡p
35. L¡n£l¡j c¡p
36. L¡n£l¡j c¡p
37. L¡n£l¡j c¡p
38. L¡n£l¡j c¡p
39. L¡n£l¡j c¡p
40. jd¤p§ce cš
41. jd¤p§ce cš
42. jd¤p§ce cš
43. L¡n£l¡j c¡p : jq¡i¡la, fª:1069, ­ch p¡¢qaÉ L¥V£l fË¡x ¢mx, j¤âZ-2013
44. jd¤pc§ e cš
45. lh£¾cÊe¡b h­¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u : "h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ ­f±l¡¢ZL e¡VL', fª:114, h‰£u p¡¢qaÉ pwúlZ
46. Bö­a¡o i–¡Q¡kÑ
47. p¤¤d£lQ¾cÊ plL¡l
48. Evfm cš
41. jd¤p§ce cš
42. jd¤p§ce cš
43. L¡n£l¡j c¡p
: jq¡i¡la, fª: 508, ­ch p¡¢qaÉ L¥V£l fË¡x ¢mx, j¤âZ-2013
: jq¡i¡la, fª: 510, I
: jq¡i¡la, fª: 511, I
: jq¡i¡la, fª: 513. I
: jq¡i¡la, fª: 373, I
: jq¡i¡la, fª: 375, I
: jq¡i¡la, fª: 381, I
: jq¡i¡la, fª: 385, I
: jq¡i¡la, fª: 387, I
: jq¡i¡la, fª: 1070, I
: jq¡i¡la, fª: 1069, I
: h£l¡‰e¡L¡hÉ - fª: 55 jXÑ¡Z h¤L H­S¾p£ fË¡x ¢mx, j¤âZ 2006
: h£l¡‰e¡L¡hÉ - fª:56, I
: h£l¡‰e¡L¡hÉ - fª:57, I
: h£l¡‰e¡L¡hÉ, fª:59, jXÑ¡Z h¤L H­S¾p£ fË¡x ¢mx, j¤âZ 2006
a«a£u pwúlZ,2011
: "h¡wm¡ e¡VÉp¡¢q­aÉl C¢aq¡p' (1j Mä), fª:406, H. j¤M¡SÑ£
AÉ¡ä ­L¡w fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX, pçj pwúlZ, 2009
: "­f±l¡¢ZL A¢id¡e'(pwL¢ma), fª:211 Hj ¢p plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p
fË¡x ¢mx, cnj pwúlZ, 1418
: "¢N¢ln j¡ep', fª: 250, Hj. ¢p. plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡C­iV ¢mx,
a«a£u pwúlZ, 2008
: h£l¡‰e¡L¡hÉ - fª:56, jXÑ¡Z h¤L H­S¾p£ fË¡x ¢mx, j¤âZ 2006
: h£l¡‰e¡L¡hÉ - fª:57, I
: jq¡i¡la, fª:1069, ­ch p¡¢qaÉ L¥V£l fË¡x ¢mx, j¤âZ-2013
195
44. jd¤pc§ e cš
45. lh£¾cÊe¡b h­¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u,
46. Bö­a¡o i–¡Q¡kÑ
47. p¤¤d£lQ¾cÊ plL¡l
48. Evfm cš
: h£l¡‰e¡L¡hÉ - fª:59, jXÑ¡Z h¤L H­S¾p£ fË¡x ¢mx, j¤âZ 2006
: "h¡wm¡ p¡¢q­aÉ ­f±l¡¢ZL e¡VL', fª:114, h‰£u p¡¢qaÉ pwúlZ
a«a£u pwúlZ,2011
: "h¡wm¡ e¡VÉp¡¢q­aÉl C¢aq¡p' (1j Mä), fª:406, H. j¤M¡SÑ£
AÉ¡ä ­L¡w fË¡C­iV ¢m¢j­VX, pçj pwúlZ, 2009,
: "­f±l¡¢ZL A¢id¡e'(pwL¢ma), fª:211 Hj ¢p plL¡l
AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡x ¢mx, cnj pwúlZ, 1418,
: "¢N¢ln j¡ep', fª: 250, Hj. ¢p. plL¡l AÉ¡ä p¾p fË¡C­iV ¢mx,
a«a£u pwúlZ, 2008
196