Identify the ff critical approaches in literature

1. This approach regards literature as “a unique form of human knowledge that needs to be examined
on its own terms.”

2. This approach “begins with the simple but central insight that literature is written by actual people
and that understanding an author’s life can help readers more thoroughly comprehend the work.”

3. This approach “seeks to understand a literary work by investigating the social, cultural, and
intellectual context that produced it—a context that necessarily includes the artist’s biography and
milieu.”

4. This approach reflects the effect that modern psychology has had upon both literature and literary
criticism. This also employs three approaches: the creative process of the arts, the psychological study
of particular artists, and the analysis of fictional characters.

5. This approach emphasizes “the recurrent universal patterns underlying most literary works.”
Combining the insights from anthropology, psychology, history, and comparative religion, mythological
criticism “explores the artist’s common humanity by tracing how the individual imagination uses myths
and symbols common to different cultures and epochs.”

6. This approach “examines literature in the cultural, economic, and political context in which it is
written or received,” exploring the relationships between the artist and society.

7. This approach “examines how sexual identity influences the creation and reception of literary works.”

8. This approach takes as a fundamental tenet that “literature” exists not as an artifact upon a printed
page but as a transaction between the physical text and the mind of a reader. It attempts “to describe
what happens in the reader’s mind while interpreting a text” and reflects that reading, like writing, is a
creative process.

9. This approach “rejects the traditional assumption that language can accurately represent reality.” This
tends to emphasize not what is being said but how language is used in a text.

10. As Patrick Brantlinger has pointed out, cultural studies is not "a tightly coherent, unified movement
with a fixed agenda," but a "loosely coherent group of tendencies, issues, and questions"

1. Formalist approach

2. Biographical approach

3. Historical approach

4. Psychological approach

5. Mythological approach

6. Sociological approach
7. Gender criticism

8. Reader response criticism

9. Deconstructionist criticism

10. Cultural studies

1. Formalist criticism

2. Biographical criticism

3. Historical criticism

4. Psychological criticism

5. Mythological criticism

6. Sociological criticism

7. Gender criticism

8. Reader-Response criticism

9. Deconstructional criticism

10. Cultural studies