THEORY OF MACHINES II

LAB
LAB REPORTS
2017-ME-110

MUHAMMAD TAYYAB
2017me110@student.uet.edu.pk
This part of the lab report discusses the balancing of a single mass and two
rotating masses with the help of a single mass at the same set radii or at
different radii. This whole case is studied in the same plane

2020
Table of Contents
Experiment no 1 ................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Objective: ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Apparatus: ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Procedure ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Schematic ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Theory ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Static and dynamic balancing.................................................................................................................................... 5
Formulation................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Observations ................................................................................................................................................................. 6
Comments ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6
References .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Experiment no 2 ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Objective: ...................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Apparatus: ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Procedure ...................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Schematic ...................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Theory ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Static and dynamic balancing.................................................................................................................................... 7
Formulation................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Observations ................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Comments ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8
References .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Experiment no 3 ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Objective: ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Apparatus: ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Procedure ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Schematic ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Theory ........................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Static and dynamic balancing.................................................................................................................................... 9
Formulation................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Observations ............................................................................................................................................................... 10
Comments ................................................................................................................................................................... 10
References .................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Experiment no 4 .............................................................................................................................................................. 11
Objective: .................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Apparatus: ................................................................................................................................................................... 11
 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Schematic .................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Theory ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Static and dynamic balancing.................................................................................................................................. 11
Formulation................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Observations ............................................................................................................................................................... 12
Comments ................................................................................................................................................................... 12
References .................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Experiment no 5 .............................................................................................................................................................. 13
Objective: .................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Apparatus: ................................................................................................................................................................... 13
procedure.................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Schematic .................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Theory ......................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Static and dynamic balancing.................................................................................................................................. 13
Formulation................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Observations ............................................................................................................................................................... 14
Comments ................................................................................................................................................................... 14
References .................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Experiment 6 ................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Objective: .................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Apparatus: ................................................................................................................................................................... 15
procedure.................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Schematic .................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Theory ......................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Static and dynamic balancing.................................................................................................................................. 15
Formulation................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Observations ............................................................................................................................................................... 16
Comments ................................................................................................................................................................... 16
References .................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Experiment 7 ................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Objective: .................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Apparatus: ................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Procedure .................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Theory ......................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Static friction: .............................................................................................................................................................. 17
Sliding friction: ............................................................................................................................................................ 17
Rolling friction: ............................................................................................................................................................ 17
 Fluid friction: ............................................................................................................................................................... 18
Formulation................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Observations ............................................................................................................................................................... 18
Comments ................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Experiment 8 ................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Objective: .................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Apparatus: ................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Procedure:................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Theoretical background: ............................................................................................................................................. 19
Formulation................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Observations ............................................................................................................................................................... 19
Comments: .................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Experiment 9 ................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Objective ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Apparatus .................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Procedure .................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Theory ......................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Studies That Can Be Done Using This Apparatus ........................................................................................................ 20
Description of apparatus as taken from manufacturers catalogue ............................................................................ 20
Observations ............................................................................................................................................................... 21
Experiment no 1
To balance a rotating mass (disturbing mass) with a single mass (balancing mass) rotating at the same radius in the
same plane.

Objective:
To balance a rotating mass (disturbing mass) with a single mass (balancing mass) rotating at

same radius

in the same plane.

Apparatus:
• Balancing apparatus
• Nuts
• Weights

Procedure
• First, we must make
• the initial assumption that we have a specific mass which is rotating at some radial distance from a reference
point in the respective plane
• Then we must attach a mass with the help of screws and nuts at 180 degrees at the same radius and the
mass will also be the same.
• Now after doing all this stuff we will have to run the assembly to check that if there is any disturbance due to
poor positioning of the mass
• Repeat the procedure for another set of masses

Schematic

Figure 1 balancing apparatus

Theory
Static and dynamic balancing
This product allows students to do experiments in balancing a rotating mass system and check their results against
the accepted theory. A sturdy base unit holds a test assembly on four flexible mounts. The test assembly includes a
balanced steel shaft mounted horizontally on low friction bearings. The equipment includes a set of four rotating
masses (balance blocks). The balance blocks fix in any horizontal position and relative angle on the shaft. Each block
contains a different (and removable) circular insert, allowing students to create four blocks of different mass and
moment. Without the inserts, the blocks become four identical masses for simple balancing tests. Students fit an
extension shaft and pulley (supplied) to the end of the balance shaft. They then add weights (supplied) to a cord
wound around the pulley to measure accurately the moment of each balance block. The test assembly includes a
protractor at the end of the shaft and a linear scale with a slider under the shaft. These allow accurate measurement
of balance block angles and horizontal positions. An electric motor and belt turn the shaft to test for dynamic
balancing. The flexible mounts allow the assembly to vibrate, showing imbalance during dynamic balancing tests.
Students remove the belt to check for static balance (the shaft should remain static at any angular position). A
transparent safety dome covers the whole rotating assembly. An interlock shuts off power to the motor when the
dome is not fitted.

Formulation
𝑚1 𝑟1 = 𝑚2 𝑟2

Observations

Comments
There can be a slight imbalance in the system which might be due to

• poor mass distribution of the system

• poor calibrations of the angles on disc
• human negligence

References
https://www.tecquipment.com/static-and-dynamic-balancing
Experiment no 2
To balance a rotating mass (disturbing mass) with a single mass (balancing mass) rotating at a different radius in the
same plane.

Objective:
To balance a rotating mass (disturbing mass) with a single mass (balancing mass) rotating at a different radius in the
same plane.

Apparatus:
• Balancing apparatus
• Nuts
• Weights

Procedure
• First, we must make the initial assumption that we have a specific mass which is rotating at some radial
distance from a reference point in the respective plane
• Then we must attach a mass with the help of screws and nuts at 180 degrees at the different radius and the
mass will be different
• Now after doing all this stuff we will have to run the assembly to check that if there is any disturbance due to
poor positioning of the mass
• Repeat the procedure for another set of masses

Schematic

Figure 2 balancing apparatus

Theory
Static and dynamic balancing
This product allows students to do experiments in balancing a rotating mass system and check their results against
the accepted theory. A sturdy base unit holds a test assembly on four flexible mounts. The test assembly includes a
balanced steel shaft mounted horizontally on low friction bearings. The equipment includes a set of four rotating
masses (balance blocks). The balance blocks fix in any horizontal position and relative angle on the shaft. Each block
contains a different (and removable) circular insert, allowing students to create four blocks of different mass and
moment. Without the inserts, the blocks become four identical masses for simple balancing tests. Students fit an
extension shaft and pulley (supplied) to the end of the balance shaft. They then add weights (supplied) to a cord
wound around the pulley to measure accurately the moment of each balance block. The test assembly includes a
protractor at the end of the shaft and a linear scale with a slider under the shaft. These allow accurate measurement
of balance block angles and horizontal positions. An electric motor and belt turn the shaft to test for dynamic
balancing. The flexible mounts allow the assembly to vibrate, showing imbalance during dynamic balancing tests.
Students remove the belt to check for static balance (the shaft should remain static at any angular position). A
transparent safety dome covers the whole rotating assembly. An interlock shuts off power to the motor when the
dome is not fitted.

Formulation
𝑚1 𝑟1 = 𝑚2 𝑟2

Observations

Comments
There can be a slight imbalance in the system which might be due to

• poor mass distribution of the system

• poor calibrations of the angles on disc
• human negligence

References
https://www.tecquipment.com/static-and-dynamic-balancing
Experiment no 3
To balance two rotating masses (disturbing masses) with a single mass (balancing mass) rotating at the same radius
in the same plane.

Objective:
To balance two rotating masses (disturbing masses) with a single mass (balancing mass) rotating at the same radius
in the same plane.

Apparatus:
• Balancing apparatus
• Nuts
• Weights

Procedure
• First, we must make the initial assumption that we have a specific mass (2) which are rotating at some radial
distance from a reference point in the respective plane
• Then we must attach a balancing mass with the help of screws and nuts at the calculated angle at the same
radius
• Now after doing all this stuff we will have to run the assembly to check that if there is any disturbance due to
poor positioning of the mass
• Repeat the procedure for another set of masses

Schematic

Figure 3 balancing apparatus

Theory
Static and dynamic balancing
This product allows students to do experiments in balancing a rotating mass system and check their results against
the accepted theory. A sturdy base unit holds a test assembly on four flexible mounts. The test assembly includes a
balanced steel shaft mounted horizontally on low friction bearings. The equipment includes a set of four rotating
masses (balance blocks). The balance blocks fix in any horizontal position and relative angle on the shaft. Each block
contains a different (and removable) circular insert, allowing students to create four blocks of different mass and
moment. Without the inserts, the blocks become four identical masses for simple balancing tests. Students fit an
extension shaft and pulley (supplied) to the end of the balance shaft. They then add weights (supplied) to a cord
wound around the pulley to measure accurately the moment of each balance block. The test assembly includes a
protractor at the end of the shaft and a linear scale with a slider under the shaft. These allow accurate measurement
of balance block angles and horizontal positions. An electric motor and belt turn the shaft to test for dynamic
balancing. The flexible mounts allow the assembly to vibrate, showing imbalance during dynamic balancing tests.
Students remove the belt to check for static balance (the shaft should remain static at any angular position). A
transparent safety dome covers the whole rotating assembly. An interlock shuts off power to the motor when the
dome is not fitted.

Formulation
𝐻 = (𝑚1 𝑟1 cos 𝜃1 + 𝑚2 𝑟2 cos 𝜃2 )𝜔2

𝑉 = (𝑚1 𝑟1 sin 𝜃1 + 𝑚2 𝑟2 sin 𝜃2 )𝜔2

𝐹𝐷 = √𝑉 2 + 𝐻 2

𝑉
𝜃𝐷 = tan−1 ( )
𝐻

𝜃𝐵 = 𝜃𝐷 + 180

Observations

Comments
There can be a slight imbalance in the system which might be due to

• poor mass distribution of the system

• poor calibrations of the angles on disc
• human negligence

References
https://www.tecquipment.com/static-and-dynamic-balancing
Experiment no 4
To balance two rotating masses (disturbing masses) with a single mass (balancing mass) rotating at a different radius
in the same plane.

Objective:
To balance two rotating masses (disturbing masses) with a single mass (balancing mass) rotating at a different radius
in the same plane.

Apparatus:
• Balancing apparatus
• Nuts
• Weights

Procedure
• First, we must make the initial assumption that we have a specific mass which is rotating at some radial
distance from a reference point in the respective plane
• Then we must attach a mass with the help of screws and nuts at 180 degrees at the different radius and the
mass will be different
• Now after doing all this stuff we will have to run the assembly to check that if there is any disturbance due to
poor positioning of the mass
• Repeat the procedure for another set of masses

Schematic

Figure 4 balancing apparatus

Theory
Static and dynamic balancing
This product allows students to do experiments in balancing a rotating mass system and check their results against
the accepted theory. A sturdy base unit holds a test assembly on four flexible mounts. The test assembly includes a
balanced steel shaft mounted horizontally on low friction bearings. The equipment includes a set of four rotating
masses (balance blocks). The balance blocks fix in any horizontal position and relative angle on the shaft. Each block
contains a different (and removable) circular insert, allowing students to create four blocks of different mass and
moment. Without the inserts, the blocks become four identical masses for simple balancing tests. Students fit an
extension shaft and pulley (supplied) to the end of the balance shaft. They then add weights (supplied) to a cord
wound around the pulley to measure accurately the moment of each balance block. The test assembly includes a
protractor at the end of the shaft and a linear scale with a slider under the shaft. These allow accurate measurement
of balance block angles and horizontal positions. An electric motor and belt turn the shaft to test for dynamic
balancing. The flexible mounts allow the assembly to vibrate, showing imbalance during dynamic balancing tests.
Students remove the belt to check for static balance (the shaft should remain static at any angular position). A
transparent safety dome covers the whole rotating assembly. An interlock shuts off power to the motor when the
dome is not fitted.

Formulation
𝐻 = (𝑚1 𝑟1 cos 𝜃1 + 𝑚2 𝑟2 cos 𝜃2 )𝜔2

𝑉 = (𝑚1 𝑟1 sin 𝜃1 + 𝑚2 𝑟2 sin 𝜃2 )𝜔2

𝐹𝐷 = √𝑉 2 + 𝐻 2

𝑉
𝜃𝐷 = tan−1 ( )
𝐻

𝜃𝐵 = 𝜃𝐷 + 180

Observations

Comments
There can be slight imbalance in the system which might be due to

• poor mass distribution of the system

• poor calibrations of the angles on disc
• human negligence

References
https://www.tecquipment.com/static-and-dynamic-balancing