Useful linking words and phrases • above all

• as follows/ for instance/ namely/ mainly

• Let us consider what the advantages and • especially /in particular/ indeed
disadvantages (pros and cons) of ... are • in addition/ besides/ as well
• To begin with, … • that is/ such as
• First of all, let us try to understand … • likewise/ also/ furthermore
• The public in general tend to believe that … • accordingly/ then
• One of the most striking features of this • this implies
problem is … • because of this/that in short
• Frankly speaking • resulting from/in consequence of this
• I suppose/ I reckon/ I guess/ I presume/ In • accepting/assuming this
my opinion / It seems to me that / To my
way of thinking,… / To show the next step:
• To be more precise
• As far as I know • first(ly)/ second(ly) / third(ly)
• It goes without saying • lastly
• first and foremost then
To indicate a contrast: • afterwards/ after
• in the first/second place
• however /alternatively • last but not least
• in comparison • Besides/ By the way
• despite this/ in spite of/ although • What is more, …/ Moreover/ additionally
• nevertheless
• On the other hand, we can observe that ... . To show cause and effect/conclusion:
• The other side of the coin is, however,
that ...  • so/ thus
• on the contrary /in contrast /conversely • it follows that/ this suggests that
• in fact • in this/that case
• However • to conclude
• The most common argument against • it might be concluded from this
• as a result/ consequence
To provide an illustration: • for this reason
• consequently/ultimately
• for example • Briefly speaking..
• that is to say • accepting/assuming this
• in other words • owing to/due to the fact that
• typical of this/such • From these facts, one may conclude that ... .
• including • Which seems to confirm the idea that ...
• a typical/particular/ key example • Thus, ... / Therefore,…/ hence
• In conclusion, I can say that although
To extend a point: • To draw the conclusion, one can say that
• To put it in a nutshell
• similarly/ equally /in the same way • To sum it up