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Lecture - Factor of Safety
Lecture - Factor of Safety
Factor of Safety
Resistencia de materiales
2020-1S
Failure Definition
• Ductile yielding
• Fragile fracture
• Excessive elastic deflection
• Buckling
• Fatigue
• Impact
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Types of Mechanical Failures
• Creep
• Relaxation
• Thermal shock
• Wear
• Corrosion
• Environmental Stress cracking
• Corrosion Stress cracking
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Factor of Safety
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Types of Uncertainties
◼ Assumptions made in stress-strain analysis
failure load
N= = N material N stress N geoemtry N failure analysis N reliabilit y
allowable load
Nmaterial Description
1.0 Material properties are well known, experimentally obtained from tests on
a specimen known to be identical to the component being designed and
from test representing the loading to be applied
1.1 Material properties are known from a handbook or are manufacturer’s
values
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Choosing a Factor of Safety
failure load
N= = N material N stress N geoemtry N failure analysis N reliabilit y
allowable load
Nstress Description
1.0-1.1 Load is well defined as static or fluctuating; there are no anticipated
overloads or shock loads; an accurate stress analysis method has been
used.
1.2-1.3 The nature of the load is defined in an average manner; overloads of 20-
50 percent; stress analysis method with errors less than 50 percent.
1.4-1.7 Load is not well known or the stress analysis method is of doubtful
accuracy.
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Choosing a Factor of Safety
failure load
N= = N material N stress N geoemtry N failure analysis N reliabilit y
allowable load
Ngeometry Description
1.0 Manufacturing tolerances are tight and held well
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Choosing a Factor of Safety
failure load
N= = N material N stress N geoemtry N failure analysis N reliabilit y
allowable load
Nfailure Description
1.0-1.1 Failure analysis is derived from the stress state, as for uniaxial or
multiaxial static stresses, or fully reversed uniaxial fatigue stresses.
1.2 Failure analysis is a simple extension of the above theories, such as for
multiaxial, fully reversed fatigue stresses or uniaxial nonzero mean fatigue
stresses.
1.3-1.5 Failure analysis is not well developed, as with cumulative damage or
multiaxial nonzero mean fatigue stresses
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Choosing a Factor of Safety
failure load
N= = N material N stress N geoemtry N failure analysis N reliabilit y
allowable load
Nreliability Description
1.1 Reliability for the part does not need to be high (less than 90 percent)
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References
• David G. Ullman. The Mechanical Design Process, 4th
ed. McGraw-Hill, 2010.
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