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O Is Composed of Bones, Cartilage, and Ligaments o Cartilage
O Is Composed of Bones, Cartilage, and Ligaments o Cartilage
O Is Composed of Bones, Cartilage, and Ligaments o Cartilage
LO3
Skeletal system
Chapter 6
9. Be able to identify the following bones: frontal bone, maxilla, mandible, occipital, temporal,
humerus, clavicle, radius, ulna, scapula, femur, tibia, fibula, carpals, metacarpals, tarsals,
metatarsals, axis, atlas. Where are they located?
Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C7)
o Smallest and lightest
o C1 (Atlas) and C2 (axis) have unique structures that allows for head movements
o C1 is called the atlas; it supports the head
When you nod head “yes”, the occipital condyles rock back and forth on
these facets
o C2 is called the axis
Allows rotation of the head as in gesturing “no”
Prominent knob called the dens
First vertebra that exhibits a spinous process
Ribs
o Clavicle
o Slightly S-shaped
o Medial end articulates with manubrium
o Lateral end articulates the scapula
o Braces the shoulders
o Scapula
o Triangular plate overlying ribs 2 to 7 on upper back
Bones in the upper limbs:
• Humerus in the arm
• Radius and ulna in the forearm
• Radius; Extends from elbow to wrist laterally, ends just proximal to base of
thumb
• Ulna; Medial bone of the forearm
• 8 carpal bones in the wrist
• In the base of the hand; allow movements of hand
• Arranged in two rows of four bones
• 5 metacarpal bones in the hand
Bones of the lower limb:
• Femur in thigh, patella (kneecap)
• Tibia and fibula in leg
• Tibia
• On medial side of leg (between knee and ankle)
• Thick, strong bone
• Only weight-bearing bone of this region
• Fibula
• Helps stabilize the ankle; does not bear any weight
• Broader at the proximal end, the head
• 7 tarsal bones in ankle
• 5 metatarsal bones in foot
• Adapted for weight bearing and locomotion