9/11

Agricultural Crop
Production NC I
Quarter 3 – Module1/Week 1-2:
Apply Pest Control Measure
According to Specific Pest
Control Measure and OHS
Procedures
Agricultural Crop Production NC I 9/11
Quarter 3 – Module 1/Week 1-2: Apply pest control measure According to specific pest
control measure and OHS procedures
First Edition, 2020

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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
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Published by the Department of Education – Region XI

Regional Director: Evelyn R. Fetalvero
Assistant Regional Director: Maria Ines C. Asuncion

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Jadel A. Tenaja
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Layout Artist:
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Davao del Sur, Philippines
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E-mail Address: info@deped-davaocity.ph
 9/11

Agricultural Crop
Production NC I
Quarter 3 – Module1/Week 1-2:
Apply Pest Control Measure
According to Specific Pest
Control Measure and OHS
Procedures

3
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their learning at home. Furthermore,
you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
As a learner, you must learn to become responsible for your
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this

module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material,
you will experience meaningful learning and gain a deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

ii
 Let Us Learn

This module covers the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of students required to apply
pest control measure according to specific pest control measure and OHS procedures
It focused on learning the ability to prepare materials, tools, and equipment for
nursery work, hygiene, and quality control.

This module was anchored on the following Learning Competencies in the Most
Essential Competencies (MELCs) in TLE Agriculture and Fishery Arts sector,
Agricultural Crop Production NC I.
a. Apply pest control measure according to specific pest control
measure and OHS procedures
b. Apply fertilizer based on crop requirements following safety procedures
according to OSHS
c. Water crops following the prescribed method and schedule
d. Perform pruning following safety procedures according to OSHS and
PNS: PAES 101
e. Perform physical growth-enhancing practices based on crop requirement
W7
After going through this learning material, you are expected to:
1. Know the facts and concept of insects;
2. Name several insect pests that cause damages in plants;
3. Identify different methods of controlling insects;
4. Appreciate the value of applying chemical control properly.

1
 Let Us Try
Read and understand the questions below. Choose the letter of the best
answer and write it on your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following stages does a grasshopper go through to become an adult?
a. egg, larva, nymph, adult c. egg, larva, adult
b. egg, larva, pupa, adult d. egg, nymph, adult
2. For a disease to develop, what must be present?
a. susceptible host plant c. environment favorable to disease
b. disease-producing agent d. all of the above
3. What type of mouthparts do insects have?
a. eating, spitting, lapping c. sucking, eating, spitting
b. lapping, chewing, eating d. chewing, sucking, lapping
4. Which among these insects able to lick liquid from the outer surfaces of objects
on which they feed?
a. aphids c. maggots
b. beetles d. caterpillars
5. Regular farm operations are performed to destroy insects or prevent plant
injuries. What method of controlling insects is this?
a. legal control c. physical control
b. applied control d. cultural control
6. Legal control is the eradication of insects by controlling human activities. Which
control refers to the separation and restriction of movement of persons, plants
and animals?
a. isolation c. inspections
b. suppression d. quarantine
7. These insects feed by chewing some portions of the plants like leaves, stems,
and fruits. Which among the insects below belong to this group?
a. aphids c. grasshoppers
b. fruit flies d. squash bugs
8. Which choice is an example of a biological method of pest control?
a. applying a pre-emergence herbicide c. increasing pest natural enemy
b. cultivating between plant rows d. employing crop rotation of plants
9. Uncle Tomas visited his vegetable farm one morning, he noticed some wilting,
yellowing, and stunting growth of his tomato plants. What bacterial disease is
infected by these symptoms?
a. bacterial spot c. bacterial speck
b. bacterial wilt d. bacterial blight
10. Which crop is affected by Black Rot, which characterized by light brown to yellow
V-shaped lesions on the leaf of the plants?
a. brassicas c. lettuces
b. cucumber d. tomatoes

2
 Let Us Study

Apply pest control measure according

to specific pest control measure and
OHS procedures
Before we proceed further, let us answer first the activity below. This activity will
only check your prior knowledge about the topic and things that you wanted to know
as we go through the module.

A. Building blocks in insects. Identify the statements below and fill in each block
with a letter that corresponds with your answer. The number of blocks determines
the number of letters of the correct answer. Write your answers in your notebook.

10

1. The first letter of the beginning of an insects’ life.

2. Are all insects harmful?
3. The initial letter of the three-body divisions of an insect.
4. The stage of an insect with complete metamorphosis when the insect is in its
resting stage.
5. The last stage of an insect’s life cycle.
6. The body division with 3 segments where the 3 pairs of legs can be found.
7. They are characterized by 3 body divisions, 3 pairs of legs, with or without wings.
8. The specialized mouthpart of a chewing insect.
9. The specialized mouth part of a sucking insect is characterized by a needle-like

3
 structure or tube used to suck plant juices, nectar, and blood.
10. A hard protective covering of an insect body. Exclude the first letter.

How many correct answers did you get? Great! You did it well! Now let us get to know
these insect pests and their control measures.

Control of insect pests and diseases

Insects and thier characteristic

Pests in any form are the farmers’ enemy and they cause enormous damage to their
crops. Most often, pests spell the difference between high and little or no harvest at
all. The quantity and quality of harvests are impaired through the production of
smaller products, a change in the taste and smell, discoloration of the plant, and
even the presence of insects in the plants. The quantity and quality of production do
not only depend on the skill of the farmer, but also the farmer’s knowledge of how to
control pests.
http://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/agesubject lessons/insect.html

Concepts and facts about insects

Concepts:
 An insect is a very small animal with particular characteristics.
 Insects are invertebrates. They have no backbone.
 Most insects walk, but some can fly and jump.
 Insects need water, air, and food to live.
Facts:
 Most insects have five basic physical characteristics
 Insects possess an exoskeleton or a hard, shell-like covering on the outside of
its body.
 Insects have three main body parts: head, thorax, and abdomen.
 Insects have a pair of antennae on top of their heads.
 Insects have three pairs of legs. They use the legs for walking, but sometimes
an insect may have a pair of legs that are specially designed for jumping.
 Insects have two pairs of wings.
 Some insects are helpful to people and some are not.

How does an insect grow?

Knowledge of the life cycle of the insects is important in the development of control
measures that do not rely on applying pesticides. Injury caused by insects is greatest
at certain stages of their development.

4
The Egg
The larval stage of an insect is the most destructive. Most damage is done to crops
at this stage. The larvae grow from almost microscopic size when hatched. Larvae
are ravenous eaters. When full size has been attained, the larvae either spin a cocoon
or build a shell around them and go to a resting stage.

The Pupa
The pupa is the rest period of the insect. The pupa develops into an adult.

The Adult
A mature adult emerges from the pupa. At this stage, the adult insect will lay eggs
again to continue the cycle.
The Life Cycle of a Butterfly (Complete Metamorphosis)

In other insects, such as grasshoppers and aphids, the young insect (nymph) looks
like the parent when hatched. It sheds its exoskeleton several times, as it grows.
INGO (2005).

5
Ways how insects damage plants

Calacala (1977) stated that insects are classified as to how they damage the crops
and how these insects are controlled.

1. by chewing
Insects feed by chewing some portions of the plant like leaves, stems, flowers, and
fruits. They have horn-like jaws, which they use for biting and chewing.
Grasshoppers, caterpillars, grubs, and beetles are examples of these insects.

2. by sucking
Insects also nourish themselves by sucking plant juices and nectar. These are
characterized by sharp, slender, hollow beaks, which they insert under the surface
of plants to suck their juices. This mouth part is called the proboscis. San Jose
scales, aphids, plant lice, squash bugs, and other tree bugs are sucking insects.

3. by lapping

Mouthparts of these insects enable them to lap or lick liquids from the outer surfaces
of objects on which they feed. Apple maggots and cherry fruit flies are examples of
lapping insects.

6
 Common bacterial diseases and crops affected

Some examples of common bacterial diseases of vegetable crops are provided in the
table below with some typical symptoms.

Factors
Bacterial Crops
conducive to Symptoms
disease affected
spread

Light-brown to yellow
Black rot V-shaped lesions on
(Xanthomonas Warm, wet the leaf, which become
Brassicas.
campestris pv. conditions. brittle and dry with
campestris) age. Vein blackening
with the necrotic area.

Seedlings may die and

older plants may wilt
and die eventually.
Bacterial canker
Older plants have
(Clavibacter Moderate Tomato;
leaves that turn yellow
michiganensis temperatures and capsicum;
and wilt only on one
pv. high humidity. chili
side. Cankers on stems
michiganensis)
and fruit. The tissue
inside stems becomes
discolored.

Wide range of
vegetables,
including Wet, slimy, soft rot that
lettuce; affects any part of
Bacterial soft rot brassicas; vegetable crops
(Pseudomonas Warm, wet cucurbits; including heads,
spp., Erwinia conditions. tomato; curds, edible roots,
spp.) capsicum; stems, and leaves. May
potato; sweet have a disagreeable
potato; odor.
carrots;
herbs.

Bacterial leaf Overhead Range of Lettuce – Large brown

spot/Bacterial irrigation and vegetables to black circular areas
spot windy conditions. including that start as small

7
 (Xanthomonas lettuce; translucent spots;
campestris - cucurbits; usually on outer
various strains) tomato; leaves. Tomatoes and
capsicum. capsicums – Greasy
spots on leaves and
stems that go from tan
to black; fruit may
have circular spots
with a central scab.
Cucurbits – Begin as
small water-
soaked/greasy spots
on the underside of
leaves with
corresponding
yellowing on the upper
side; fruit may produce
light-brown ooze from
water-soaked
markings.

High
Wilting, yellowing, and
temperatures,
stunting of plants but
high soil moisture,
they may wilt rapidly
and poor
and die without any
drainage. Once an
Potato; spotting or yellowing;
Bacterial wilt infection has
tomato; vascular tissue
(Ralstonia occurred, the
capsicum; appears brown and
solanacearum) severity of
eggplant. water-soaked; a white
symptoms is
ooze appears when
increased with hot
pressure is applied to
and dry
affected tubers or
conditions, which
stems.
facilitate wilting.

Beet – irregular, round

leaf spots with a grey
Bacterial leaf center surrounded by a
spot/Bacterial purple margin. Spring
Beet; spring
spot/Bacterial onions/shallots – pale
Long periods of onions; leeks;
blight yellow to light-brown
leaf wetness. rocket;
(Pseudomonas lesions with a water-
coriander.
syringae - soaked appearance
various strains) around the margins;
outer leaves wither and
die and the youngest

8
 leaf turns lemon to
light-green. Leeks –
brown streaking on the
shank.

Water-soaked spots on
leaves and stipules
become dark-brown
Bacterial blight
and papery in warm
(Pseudomonas Cool, wet, windy
Peas. weather or black in
syringae PV. conditions.
cool weather. Water-
pisi)
soaked spots on pods
that become sunken
and dark-brown.

Bacterial speck Small dark spots

Humidity and
(Pseudomonas surrounded by a yellow
overhead Tomato.
syringae pv. halo on leaves; dark
irrigation.
tomato) raised specks on fruit.

Tan to reddish-brown
Bacterial brown spots on leaves. Water-
spot soaked spots on pods
Cool, wet, windy
(Pseudomonas Beans. enlarge and become
conditions.
syringae pv. sunken and tan with
syringae) distinctive reddish-
brown margins.

https://bit.ly/3i3DaFe

Methods of Controlling Pest

Insects are enemies of farmers. According to Reyes (1977), there are several methods
of controlling insects. These are:

1. Applied Control. This is a measure to destroy insects. Agriculturists have

found the following methods to be effective.

Chemical Control – This refers to the destruction of insect pests through the
use of chemicals, such as pesticides and insecticides. This method is not
environmentally friendly in the sense that it may kill other beneficial insects
and possibly harm other living things like animals and men.
a. Insecticides. These substances kill insects by their chemical action.
 Stomach poisons are spray, dust, or dips that kill the insect when it is

9
 swallowed.
 Contact poisons are spray, dust, or dips that kill the insects without
being swallowed.
 Fumigants are chemicals in the form of a gas to kill insects and are
usually applied in an enclosure of some kind.
b. Auxiliary, synergistic or supplemental substances are materials added to
spray or dust which are not primarily toxicant but which make the
insecticide cover more economically; stick or adhere better to plants;
spread over foliage, fruits, or the bark, or the bodies of the insects more
quickly or completely; bring insecticidal substances into solution or
emulsions; mask distasteful or repellent properties of insecticides, or
activate the chemical action of the toxicant.
 Carriers such as water in a spray, talc in the dust, or bran in poison
bait
 Emulsifiers such as flours, calcium, and blood albumen
 Stickers such as lime, resin, and glue
 Spreaders like wetting agents and detergents
 Stabilizers such as caustic soda, glue, gelatin
c. Attractants or attrahents. These are substances used in poison baits,
spray, or dust to induce the insects to eat the poisoned materials or to lure
insects into traps.
d. Repellants are substances that keep insects away from crops and animals
because of their offensive appearance, odor, or taste.

2. Mechanical and Physical Control. These special operations kill insects by

physical and mechanical action. Mechanical measures refer to the operation
of machinery or the application of manual operations. This is done in the
following ways:
 manipulation of water or humidity by draining, dehydrating, or flooding
the breeding media
 manipulation of temperature like burning
 use of electric shock
 use of light and other radiant energy
 use of sound waves.

3. Cultural Control or Use of Farm Practices. Regular farm operations are

performed to destroy insects or prevent their injuries.
 Rotating crop
 Tilling of the soil
 Varying the time or method of planting or harvesting
 Destroying crop residues, weeds, volunteer plants, and trash

10
  Using resistant varieties
 Pruning, thinning
 Fertilizing and stimulating vigorous growth

4. Biological Control. This is the introduction, encouragement, and artificial

increase of predaceous and parasitic insects.
 Protection and encouragement of insectivorous birds and other
animals
 The use of growing plants to destroy, repel or prevent damage by
insects

5. Legal Control. This is the eradication of insects by controlling human

activities.
Inspection and quarantine laws prevent the introduction of new
pests from foreign countries or their spread within a country. Isolation and
quarantine are government policies to protect the public, plants, and animals
by preventing exposure to infected or potentially infected persons, plants, and
animals.
In general, isolation refers to the separation of persons, plants,
animals, and the like who have a specific infectious illness from those who
are healthy and the restriction of their movement to stop the spread of that
illness.
Quarantine, in contrast, generally refers to the separation and
restriction of movement of persons, plants, animals, etc who, while not yet ill,
have been exposed to an infectious agent and therefore may become
infectious. Quarantine of exposed persons is a public health strategy, like
isolation, that is intended to stop the spread of infectious disease. Both
isolation and quarantine may be conducted voluntarily or compelled on a
mandatory basis through legal authority.
The introduction of laws enforces the application of control
measures such as spraying, the cleaning up of crop residues, fumigation, and
eradication.
Insecticide laws govern the manufacture and sale of insecticides and
prevent the adulteration and misbranding of insecticides.
Poison residue laws fix the tolerance of various insecticides upon
food products offered for sale or transportation.

6. Natural Control. Not all of the control measures that destroy or check insects
do not depend upon man for their continuance or success. Some cannot even
be influenced by man. These include:
 Climatic factors such as rainfall, sunshine, cold, heat, and wind.
 Topography factors such as rivers, lakes, mountains, type of soil, other

11
 characteristics of the country serve as barriers.
 Predators and parasites including insects, birds, reptiles, mammals.

Safety precautions in the use of pesticides

Practically all of the pesticides commercially available are toxic to man and animals.
The people most likely to encounter these hazards are the operators and applicators.
Pesticides enter the body in three ways: 1) by ingestion or swallowing;2) by breathing
the dust or vapors, and 3) by absorption through the skin. One form can prove just
as fatal as the other, but most cases of poisoning occur through taking in
accidentally. Unfortunately, children are the most frequent victims of such
negligence by adults. Because of this, all materials should be kept in their original
containers and locked up or placed out of the reach of children.
A. Before application
1. Read the label
 Determine the target organism.
 Identify the rate and time of application.
 Wear personal protective equipment (PPE).
 Remember the antidotes and other safety measures.
 Observe field re-entry intervals after treatment.
2. Check the sprayer
 Fill the tank with plain water and test the sprayer to be used that there
are no leaks or loose connections and the equipment is working
properly.
 Repair or replace any worn-out or faulty part.
3. Mixing and filling
 Extra precaution is necessary when mixing and filling sprayers because
pesticides are concentrated.
 Wear personal protective equipment.
 Open pesticide container carefully to avoid splashes, spills, or drifts.
 Keep your head away from the opening of the sprayer.
 Wash and change clothes immediately if the pesticide is spilled on
clothing.
 Do not use bare hands in mixing pesticides, nor allow concentrated
materials to touch bare skin.
B. During application
1. Wear personal protective equipment.
2. Do not eat, drink, smoke, or blow clogged nozzles with your mouth while
applying pesticides.
3. Do not spray when it is windy to avoid pesticide drift.
4. Spray areas near homes in early mornings or evenings when humans, pets,

12
 and livestock are less likely to be exposed.
C. After application
1. Store remaining pesticides properly.
2. Bathe and change clothing after application of pesticides.
3. Stay away from the treated field for one to two days. This prevents poisoning
through contact with treated plants, or inhalation of pesticide fumes.

Let Us Practice
Word Search: Find each hidden word in the puzzle. Copy and draw an ellipse around
it. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

A A C H N K U O B H M E B A W

B D S N A I L N P N G A D Z A

Y C F M K M I B H T G R U B S

G V H G N L C V F R H W E S P

J B M F B E E T L E S I G G C

F D A E U M Y T E F Y G H Q N

- D S G R G N K J A R S F J B G

K E G T S U E W T N E L K J K

L A 0 J E T Q X M P S I U E R

C A T E R P I L L A R S I T V

1. SNAIL 6. WASP
2. MAGGOT 7. BEETLES
3. LICE 8. GRUBS
4. FLEA 9. EARWIG
5. CATERPILLARS 10. BUGS

13
 Let Us Practice More

Make a reaction with 100 words about the picture below showing a one-year-old boy
chewing a fresh bitter gourd fruit from a farm known for using chemical pesticides.
What do you think are the effects of this on the health of the boy? Do this on your
answer sheet.

Courtesy: Jones Rural School, Jones, Isabela

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Rubrics
Excellent Good Approaching Need
(15 pts.) ( 13 pts.) standard Improvement
(10 pts.) ( 5 pt.)
Your answers Your answers You put There is no
are clear and are clear. You thought into clear or
Idea/Content well- answered the the matter but specific
expressed, question but there is no real explanation
including a lack of some evidence of and answers.
specific support learning.
example.

14
 Let Us Remember

Pest control is necessary to protect our crops from harmful insects and pests that
can prevent them from their maximum growth and development. As well as, proper
crop protection is important to produce a higher number of yields with minimal
wastage. The following are some key points; one should always remember.
1. Pests in any form are the farmers’ enemy and they cause enormous damage
to crops.
2. Knowledge of the life cycle of the insects is important in the development of
control measures that do not rely on applying pesticides. Injury caused by
insects is greatest at certain stages of their development.
3. An insect begins its life as an egg and changes its appearance as it grows.
This is the process of metamorphosis.
4. Insects are classified as to how they damage the crops and how these insects
are controlled namely, by sucking, by chewing, and by lapping.
5. There are several methods of controlling insects. These are Applied control,
Mechanical/Physical control, Cultural control, Natural control, Biological
control, and Legal control.
6. Practically all of the pesticides commercially available are toxic to man and
animals. The people most likely to encounter these hazards are the
operators and applicators.
7. Whatever methods of controlling insects, the main objective of this is to help
farmers to reduce the enormous damage brought by these insect pests and
improve the quality and quantity of agricultural produce.
8. One should keep in mind the Occupational Health Standard procedures or
safety precautions in the use of these pesticides to avoid potential hazards.

15
 Let Us Assess

Multiple Choice. Read the following sentences carefully and choose the letter of the
best answer. Write your answer on your answer sheet.
1. For a disease to develop, what must be present?
a. susceptible host plant c. environmental favorable to disease
b. disease-producing agent d. all of the above
2. Which crop is affected by Black Rot, which characterized by light brown to
yellow V-shaped lesions on the leaf of the plants?
a. brassicas c. lettuces
b. cucumber d. tomatoes
3. What type of mouthparts do insects have?
a. eating, spitting, lapping c. sucking, eating, spitting
b. lapping, chewing, eating d. chewing, sucking, lapping
4. Which of the following stages does a grasshopper go through to become an
adult?
a. egg, larva, nymph, adult c. egg, larva, adult
b. egg, larva, pupa, adult d. egg, nymph, adult
5. Legal control is the eradication of insects by controlling human activities.
Which control refers to the separation and restriction of persons, animals,
and plants?
a. isolation c. inspections
b. suppression d. quarantine
6. These insects feed by chewing some portions of the plants like leaves, stems,
and fruits. Which among the insects below belong to this group?
a. aphids c. grasshoppers
b. fruit flies d. squash bugs
7. Which among these insects able to lick liquid from the outer surfaces of
objects on which they feed?
a. aphids c. maggots
b. beetles d. caterpillars
8. Which choice is an example of a biological method of pest control?
a. applying a pre-emergence herbicide c. increasing pest natural enemy
b. cultivating between plant rows d. employing crop rotation of plants
9. Uncle Tomas visited his vegetable farm one morning, he noticed some wilting,
yellowing, and stunting growth of his tomato plants. What bacterial disease is
infected by these symptoms?
a. bacterial spot c. bacterial speck
b. bacterial wilt d. bacterial blight
10. Regular farm operations are performed to destroy insects or prevent plant
injuries. What method of controlling insects is this?
a. legal control c. physical control
b. applied control d. cultural control

16
 Let Us Enhance
Direction: Analyze the pictures below and identify what method of controlling pest
is being used. Do this on your answer sheet.

1. 3.

2. 4.

5.

17
 Let Us Reflect

Learn about the pesticides used in vegetable gardening and other plants
that you eat. Please answer the questions below:

1. How harmful are these chemicals to you when

it is not applied properly?
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________

http://bit.ly/3nC6J22

2. Does rinsing your fruit and vegetables in plain

water remove the pesticide residues and make
them safe for you to eat? Why?
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________

http://bit.ly/2Lp7qyz

Rubrics
Excellent Good Approaching Need
(5 pts.) ( 3 pts.) standard Improvement
(2 pts.) ( 1 pt.)
Your answers Your answers You put There is no
are clear and are clear. You thought into clear or
Idea/Content well- answered the the matter but specific
expressed, question but there is no real explanation
including a lack of some evidence of and answers.
specific support learning.
example.

18
 20
Let Us Assess
1. D 6. C
2. C 7. C
3. D 8. C
4. D 9. B
5. D 10. D
Let Us Enhance
1. Legal Control
2. Chemical Control
3. Cultural Control
4. Natural Control
5. Mechanical
Control
Let Us Reflect
See Attached Rubrics
Let Us practice
Let Us Try
K A C H N K U O B H M E B A W 1. D 6. D
2. D 7. C
B D S N A I L N P N G A D Z A
3. D 8. C
Y C F M K M I B H T G R U B S
4. C 9.B
G V H G N L C V F R H W E S P 5. D 10. A
J B M F B E E T L E S I G G C
F D A E U M Y T E F Y G H Q N
D S G R G N K J A R S F J B G Let Us Study
1. E
K E G T S U E W T N E L K J K
2. NO
L A 0 J E T Q X M P S I U E R 3. HTA
C A T E R P I L L A R S I T V 4. PUPA
Let Us Practice More 5. ADULT
6. THORAX
See attached rubrics 7. INSECTS
8. MANDIBLE
9. PROBOSCIS
10. XOSKELETON
Answer Key
 References

Anonymous. 2007. Training Manual in Horticulture NC II. Dipintin, Maddela, Quirino.:

Maddela Institute of Technology.
“Bacterial Diseases in Vegetable Crops.” n.d. AUSVEG. Accessed from
https://bit.ly/3i3DaFe.
Calacala, Camilo N. 1977. Brochure in Agronomy 11. Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya: Nueva
Vizcaya State Institute of Technology,.
INGO. 2005. Resource Manual on Integrated Production and Pest Management (IPPM) in
Vegetables. 2999 National Road, Amos, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines.: World
Education (INGO) Philippines, Inc.
Reyes, P.L. 1977. “Insects and Their Control. Lecture Note in Agronomy 22- Field Crop
Production.”

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