HOSPITALS ARE NOT JUST ORDINARY BUILDINGS IN TERMS OF THEIR DESIGN; THERE ARE SPIRITUAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL

AND DEMOGRAPHIC DIMENSIONS,

WHICH PLAY AN EFFECTIVE ROLE IN THE APPEARANCE OF THE BUILDING.

1. VARIOUS TYPES OF CIRCULATION 2. ACCESS TO THE SITE: ….major sections of hospital

ELEMENTS: HOSPITAL SHOULD HAVE THE LIMITED AND
FIRST AND FOREMOST ONE NEEDS TO ADDRESS FUNCTIONAL ENTRIES TO THE SITE . DIGNO
OPD
IS THE CIRCULATION IE. IN-FLOW AND MOVEMENT THE SITE SHOULD HAVE SEPARATE ENTRIES
OF PATIENTS, VISITORS, DOCTORS, TECHNICIANS, FOR PATIENTS AND PUBLIC,SERVICE ENTRY AND
NURSING STAFF, BOTH INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE FOR THE STAFF PREFERABLY. ADMN
BUILDING EMERGE web
THIS IS DONE TO SAGREGATE THE NCY
GENERALLY THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF CIRCULATION ON THE SITE
CIRCULATION ON SITE:
OT
1) PATIENTS AND PUBLIC 2) DOCTORS AND WARDS
HOSPITAL STAFF 3) SERVICE PERSONNELS
STUDY OF THESE ELEMENTS ENABLES TO DECIDE
ON THE SITE LAYOUT AND THE NO: OF ENTRIES THE MOVEMENT CAN BE REDUCED BY CORRECT
AS WELL AS THE SITE LAYOUT, WIDTH OF PLACEMENT OF VARIOUS ZONES
INTERNAL ROAD LAYOUT AND,DEPARTMENTS, THEIR ENTRANCES, LINKAGES
TYPES OF CIRCULATION INSIDE THE HOSPITAL: WITH OTHER DEPARTMENT, PLACEMENT OF
VERTICAL CIRCULATION CORE,ARRANGING THE
1)OPD PATIENTS 2) EMERGENCY PATIENTS 3) IPD 3.PLANNING ASPECT: CORRIDOR SYSTEM THAT IS AS SHORT AS
PATIENTS 4) SURGERY PATIENTS 5) DOCTORS 6) POSSIBLE
SUPPORTING STAFF 7) VISITORS. …..Ultimately this is the segregation of
circulation factor that leads to the CORRECT VICINITY OF DEPTT
formation of various zones
patient flow….……
THE NATURE OF TREATMENT AND ITS ATTACHED
SERVICES VARY FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF
PATIENTS AND SO IS THE VARIATION OF SPACES. PROPER DESIGN OF INDIVIDUAL DEPTT
LOCATION OF SPACES FOR DIFFERENT
……support staff flow DEPARTMENTS AND THEIR INTER-LINKING IS VERY
IMPORTANT; IF IT IS PROPERLY DESIGNED IT CAN
REDUCE UNNECESSARY MOVEMENT. ARCHITECTS
NEED TO ENSURE ADEQUATE TRANSITION SPACE EFFICIENT WEB OF SUPPORT AND ENGG SERVICES
FOR PUBLIC, STAFF, AND PATIENTS AND DESIGN
doctors flow….…… THE APPROPRIATE TREATMENT AREAS REQUIRED
BY THE EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES.
 DEFINING MAJOR CIRCULATION PATHS THROUGH THE PROPOSED AND FUTURE BUILDINGS IS A DESIGN DECISION THAT WILL CONSIDERABLY IMPACT THE FORM AND LAYOUT
OF THE HEALTHCARE FACILITY BEING DESIGNED. DO IT THOUGHTFULLY AND WITH CONCEPTUAL CLARITY.

4.DESIGN ISSUES FOR VARIOUS FOR EMEREGENCY

DEPARTMENTS WARDS
SHOULD HAVE A SEPARATE AND
HIGHLIGHTEDENTRY

FOR OPD: SHOULD BE EASILY APPROACHABLE

SHOULD BE SUPPORTED WITH LARGE OPD DIAGNOSTIC OT & I.C.U's
SHOULD HAVE A SEPARATE ENTRY AS IT IS
SUBJECTED TO A DIFFERENT TYPE OF WAITING SPACES.
CIRCULATION. SHOULD HAVE THE DIRECT ACCESS TO THE
SHOULD BE PLANNED AWAY FROM THE AMBULANCE,
STERILE AREAS. SHOULD BE IN THE VICINITY WITH THE IPD
SHOULD BE SUPPORTED WITH LARGE AND DIAGNOSTIC DEPARTMENT. FOR OPERATION THEATRE DEPARTMENT AND ICU
WAITING SPACES. SHOULD HAVE A STERILE LOCATION
SHOULD BE PLANNED NEAR TO THE EMERGENCY
DIAGNOSTICS SHOULD BE PLANNED NEAR TO THE IPD AND
DIAGNOSTIC DEPARTMENT
TREATMENT WARDS DIAGNOSTICS
SHOULD BE CONNECTED WITH THE ICU’S AND CSSD
AND SERVICE CORE
OPD
EMERGENCY SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO THE BLOOD BANK.

PHARMACY BLOOD BANK SEPARATE OT

WARDS CSSD
SUB WAITNG

OPERATION THEATRE
FOR DIAGNOSTIC DEPARTMENT
registration WAITING SPACE public facilities
SHOULD HAVE A CENTRALIZED LOCATION
DIAGNOSTIC ICU
SHOULD BE PLANNED NEAR TO THE
EMERGENCY
….patients …..Visitors SHOULD BE PLANNED NEAR TO THE IPD AND BLOOD BANK
OPEATION THEATRES
SHOULD BE CONNECTED WITH THE MAIN
WAITING SPACE.
 ……………………….HOSPITALS, LIKE THE SMALL CITIES THEY ARE LIKENED TO, CONTAIN MAIN CIRCULATION ROUTES OFTEN DESCRIBED AS HOSPITAL STREETS.

DIAGNOSTIC ADMN WAITING FOR ADMNISTRTIVE SERVICES:

SURGICAL SUITE
IT SHULD BE SEPARTE FROM THE TREATMENT
NURSING UNIT ZONES
DIAGNOSTICS ICU CSSD
PREFERABLY LOCATED AWAY FROM THE NOISE OF
THE HOSPITAL, EITHER IN BASEMENT OR ON TOP
LAUNDRY DIETRY SURGICAL SUITE FLOORS.
DIETRY
SHOULD BE CONNECTED WITH OPD AS IT MAY
FOR OBSTETRICS FOR ANCILLARY SERVICES: CONTAINS THE OFFICES OF VARIOUS DOCTORS
IT SHULD BE HAVING ITS SEPARATE IDENTITY CSSD: FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES:
PREFERABLY LOCATED IN THE ISOLATED SPACE IT SHULD BE IN THE CONNECTION WITH THE IT SHULD BE SEPARTE FROM THE TREATMENT
BUT YET CONNECTED WITH ALL THE SERVICES WHOLE OF THE DEPARTMENTS ESPECIALLY WITH ZONES
THE OT AND THE ICU’s
PREFERABLY LOCATED IN BASEMENT AS IT IS
OBSTETRICS NURSING UNIT PREFERABLY LOCATED IN THE BASEMENT SUBJECTED TO HIGH NOISE AND HEAT.
ICU SURGICAL SUITE SHOULD BE SO INSTALLED TO PROVIDE AN
OBSTETRICS NURSERY EFFECTIVE MATRIX TO THE HOSPITAL.

OPERATION THEATRE CSSD SEPARATE SERVICE YARD IS TO BE PROVIDED

PREFERABLY GENERALLY IN THE BACK.
FOR IPD AND WARDS HOUSEKEEPING STORE LAUNDRY
SHOULD HAVE A NOISE FREE LOCATION FOR ANCILLARY SERVICES:
SHOULD BE PLANNED CONNECTED TO THE DIETRY AND LAUNDRY
EMERGENCY
IT SHULD BE IN THE CONNECTION WITH THE
SHOULD BE PLANNED CONNECTED TO THE O.T WHOLE OF THE DEPARTMENTS ESPECIALLY WITH
DEPARTMENT THE IPD
SHOULD BE CONNECTED WITH THE CSSD AND PREFERABLY LAUNDRY LOCATED IN THE
ANCILARY SERVICE CORE BASEMENT AND DIETRY AT GROUND FLOOR
SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO THE LAUNDRY,
KITCHEN. ICU NURSING WARDS
SHOULD HAVE THE NURSE STATION IN THE
VICINITY\. DIETRY
SHOULD HAVE A PRAYER ROOM AND THE VISITORS
WAITING SPACE. HOUSEKEEPING STORE DINING AREA
……………….that’s how a hospital works
 …………………………………THE ARCHITECT SHOULD ALSO MAKE AN EFFORT TO BRING NATURE INTO THE PATIENTS’ SURROUNDINGS.AS FAR AS POSSIBLE

OTHER IMPORTANT FACTORS:

ORDERLINESS
THE DEAPRTMENTS SHOULD BE SUCH PLACED SO
THAT IT HAS A DEFINITE ORDER ABOUT ITS
DEPARTMENTS AND AS WELL AS NON COMPLEX IN
NATURE
INTERNAL FLEXIBILITY AND FUTURE EXPANSION
THE HOSPITAL SHOULD BE SO DESIGNED THAT IT
SHOULD BE ABLE TO CHANGE WITH THE CHANGE IN
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY.
THE SPACES HAVE TO BE DESIGNED IN SUCH A WAY
THAT IF IN FUTURE SOME INTERNAL MODIFICATION IS TO
BE DONE THEN IT IS ADAPTABLE FOR IT
LIGHTING
LIGHTING IS THE IMPORTANT DESIGN ISSUE TO BE
DISCUSSED, GOOD AND NATURAL DAYLIGHTING NOT
ONLY DESUFFOCATE THE ENVIRONMENT BUT ALSO
PREVENTS FATIGUE AND STRESS FOR THE STAFF AND
PATIENTS.
AT THE SAME TIME HARSH LIGHT, WHETHER
SUNLIGHT OR OTHERWISE SHOULD BE AVOIDED

SCALE OF SPACES BOTH INTERNAL AND

EXTERNAL
THE SCALE OF THESPACES SHOULD BE
COMFORTABLE AND SHOULD BE ACCORDING TO
HUMAN SCALE SO THAT HE SHOULD NOT FEEL IN A SITE LAYOUT PARAMETERS:
CREATING LINEAR AND NON LINEAR SPACES:
DIFFERENT WORLD 1)INTERNAL ROAD LAYOUT
THIS FACTOR WILL BE DEPENDENT UPON THE THE OVERALL GEOMETRY OF THE SPACE IN THE
HOSPITAL IS DEPENDENT UPON THE NATURE OF HE THE INTERNAL ROAD LAYOUT DEPENDS UPON THE
•CEILING HEIGHT FUNCTION WHICH THAT SPACE IS CATERING TO. TYPE OF CIRCULATION ON THE SITE AND THEIR
•MATERIAL USED AS HOSPITALS ARE HIGHLY FUNCTION ORIENTED WIDTH IS DETERMINED BY THE NATURE OF
BUILDINGS SO DUE EMPHASIS SHOULD BE GIVEN ON VEHICLES ASSOCIATED WITH THEM.
•TOO LARGE CORRIDORS
THAT GEOMETRY WHICH IS NOT HARMING THE DOCTORS AND PUBLIC ENTRY IS SUBJECTED TO
•MASSING OF THE BUILDING FUNCTION. NOMINAL WIDTH AS MOSTLY LMV’s ARE
HIERARCHY OF SPACES ASSOCIATED WHILE SERVICE ENTRY AND
EMERGENCY ENTRY IS SUBJECTED TO WIDE ROAD
A PROPER HIERARCHY SHOULD BE MAINTAINED IN LAYOUT.
THE HOSPITAL OF PUBLIC AND NON PUBLIC ZONES

PUBLIC ZONES SEMI PUBLIC ZONES PRIVATE ZONES service roads should be wide……
 PARKING:
PARKING IN THE HOSPITALS CAN BE CATEGORIZED
INTO LONG TERM AND SHORT TERM PARKING
FOR THE LONG TERM PARKING THE PARKING CAN
BE PROVIDED IN THE BASEMENTS ALSO.THIS IS
GENERALLY MEANT FOR THE DOCTORS AND STAFF
PARKING
FOR THE SHORT TERM PARKING THE PARKING IS
BASICALLY ON THE GROUND LEVEL AND IS MEANT
FOR THE PATIENT’S VEHICLE
GENRALLY FORCED CIRCULATION IN PARKING AS
EMPHASIS IS OVER TO SAGREGATE THE DIFFERENT
TYPES OF CIRCULATION
ABOUT LANDSCAPING
LANDSCAPING IS ONE OF THE MAJOR
DESIGN ISSUE THESE DAYS.
…...pedestrians to be decided
IT NOT ONLY ENHANCES THE AMBIENCE BUT ALSO
GENERATES THE BETTER MICROCLIMATE
IT ALSO HELPS IN SAGREGATING THE SPACES IN
CONTEXT TO CIRCULATION
THE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
DESIGN OF OUTDOOR AREAS, AROUND THE HOSPITAL OR
THE SPACES IN-BETWEEN BUILDINGS ON A CAMPUS.
WHILE THE ARCHITECT USUALLY DOES THE LAYOUTS OF
MOTORABLE ROADS,
THE LANDSCAPE DESIGNER SUGGESTS THE LAYOUT OF
PEDESTRIAN PATHWAYS, PAVED OUTDOOR AREAS AND
PLANTATION. HE MAY ALSO SUGGEST WATER BODIES,
FOUNTAINS, STREET FURNITURE AND LIGHTING
CHARACTER OF THE BUILDING:
THE FORM OF BUILDING PROBLEMS OF VERTICAL ORGANIZATION, AND
THERE ARE BASICALLY 2 TYPES OF FORMS THAT CAN BE PARTICULARLY OF A TOWER BLOCK OF WARDS, OF A
GIVEN TO A HOSPITAL BUILDING LIMITED ENVELOPE WITH NO MEANS OF LATERAL
EXPANSION.
1) VERTICAL HOSPITAL 2)HORIZONTAL HOSPITAL IT ALSO MAKES THE PLAN FORM MORE RIGID
TALL BUILDINGS ARE MORE LIKELY, TO CONSUME
MORE ENERGY, AND HAVE GREATER PROBLEMS OF
EVACUATION IN CASES OF FIRE
THE ADVANTAGE FREQUENTLY CLAIMED FOR TALL
HOSPITALS IS THAT THEY OCCUPY LESS LAND
……………horizontal hospital
IN A VERTICALLY STACKED HOSPITAL, ALMOST ALWAYS THE INPATIENT
AREAS ARE PLACED ON THE UPPER FLOORS, TO ALLOW FOR A MORE
PLEASANT, NATURALLY LIT ENVIRONMENT.
THE PATTERN OF CIRCULATION CONCEPTUALIZED FOR THE HOSPITAL
UNDER DESIGN WILL BE CONSIDERABLY IMPACTED BY THE LOCATION
OF THE VERTICAL CIRCULATION CORE.