MIDDLE EXAM TEST OF NURSING ENGLISH 4 FROM Mrs.

WULAN
(12/10/20)

DIRECTION:

PLEASE ANALYZE THIS ABSTRACT, WHICH PART IS THE INTRODUCTION, METHOD, RESULT, ANALYSIS,
DISCUSSION, AND CONCLUSION? PLEASE SEPARATE EACH PART!

ABSTRACT 1: MEDICAL-GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING ARTICLE

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF AEROBIC AND CULTIVATION EXERCISE

IN LOWERING BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE ELDERLY

Maria Manungkalit, Ni Putu Wulan Purnama Sari

Faculty of Nursing, Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya (WMCUS)
Jl. Raya Kalisari Selatan 1, Pakuwon City, Surabaya, Indonesia
Email: maria-manungkalit@ukwms.ac.id; HP. +6285257338000, Fax. +623199005278

Corresponding Author: Maria Manungkalit

ABSTRACT

The elderly are prone to hypertension (HT) because of a decrease in the

elasticity of blood vessels, fat deposits in the vessel walls, stress, alcohol and salty food
consumption, low consumption of fruit and vegetables, smoking, obesity, and lack of
exercise. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness differences between aerobic and
cultivation exercise in lowering blood pressure (BP) in elderly with HT. This comparative
study utilized pretest post-test design. There were 31 elderly with HT obtained by mean of
purposive sampling. They took part as respondents and were divided into two groups.
Physical gymnastic fitness (PGF) and Falun Dafa exercise (FDE) were compared as a mean
of aerobic and cultivation exercise respectively, both were being independent variable.
Systolic and diastolic BP were measured after three times of 30 minutes PGF and 30 minutes
FDE in both groups. The instruments used were sphygmomanometer and observation sheet.
Data were then analyzed by using descriptive statistic and Independent Sample T Test
(α<.05). Ethical clearance was issued. There was a significant difference found in the post-
test results of systolic and diastolic pressure between groups with p=.002 and p=.005
respectively, but there was no significant difference found between the effectiveness of PGF
and FDE in lowering systolic and diastolic pressure with p=.403 and p=.809 respectively.
PGF and FDE have similar effectiveness in lowering BP in hypertensive elderly. Energic
PGF and relaxing FDE may be one of exercise choice for elderly with HT by relatively the
same effectiveness in lowering BP.

Keywords: aerobic exercice, cultivation exercise, diastole, elderly, Falun Dafa exercise,
physical gymnastic fitness, systole
DIRECTION:

PLEASE ANALYZE THIS ABSTRACT, WHICH PART IS THE INTRODUCTION, METHOD, RESULT, ANALYSIS,
DISCUSSION, AND CONCLUSION? PLEASE SEPARATE EACH PART!

ABSTRACT 2: MEDICAL-GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING ARTICLE

DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE, SOCIAL DETERMINANT,

PHYSICAL PARAMETER, AND STRESS LEVEL IN CORRELATION TO
QUALITY OF LIFE IN CHRONICALLY ILL ELDERLY
WHO ARE LIVING IN BIG CITIES OF BANGKOK AND SURABAYA

Ni Putu Wulan Purnama Sari1, Jintana Artsanthia2

1
Faculty of Nursing, Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya (WMCUS)
Jl. Raya Kalisari Selatan 1, Pakuwon City, Surabaya, Indonesia
Email: wulanpurnama@ukwms.ac.id; HP. +6285733308383, Fax. +623199005278
2
Faculty of Nursing, Saint Louis College (SLC); 19 Sathorn Road, Yannawa, Bangkok, Thailand
Email: jintana.a@slc.ac.th; Telp. +6626755304-12 ext.63221

Corresponding Author: Ni Putu Wulan Purnama Sari

ABSTRACT

Age, sex, education level, occupation, and income are often correlated with individual’s
quality of life (QOL). Adjustment to the new role and physical changes, chronic illnesses,
financial insecurity related to retirement, and increased dependence to others are potential
causes of increased stress level and decreased QOL in elderly. This study aimed to analyze
the correlation between demographic variable (age and sex), social determinant (education
level, occupation, and monthly income), physical parameter (blood pressure/ BP and blood
sugar/ BS level), and stress level with QOL in chronically ill elderly. This cross-sectional
study involved 100 and 96 elderly with hypertension (HT) and/or diabetes mellitus (DM) in
communities of Bangkok and Surabaya respectively (n=196). There were 60 DM, 68 HT, and
68 DM&HT cases compiled from both sites. Instruments used were demography
questionnaire, SPST-20, and WHOQOL-BREF. Rank Spearman correlation test was used for
data analysis (α=.05). Study sites was not correlated with QOL (p=.210). There was no
significant correlation between age, sex, occupation, income, BP, BS level, and stress level
with QOL (p>α); while there was a weak significant correlation between education level and
QOL (ρ=.218; p=.002). Age, sex, occupation, income, BP, BS level, and stress level are not
correlated with QOL. Education level is weakly correlated with QOL in chronically ill
elderly.

Keywords: Age, blood pressure, blood glucose, chronic illness, demography, diabetes
mellitus, education level, elderly, gender, hypertension, income, occupation,
quality of life, sex, stress.
 MIDDLE EXAM TEST OF NURSING ENGLISH 4 FROM Mrs. TRIANA
(12/10/20)

Text 1

Vital signs and monitoring

Vital signs are measurements of the body’s most basic functions. There are four main vital signs
commonly used by health practitioners: Respiratory rate, Pulse rate, Blood pressure, Body
temperature.

1. Respiratory rate is the number of breaths recorded in one minute without the client’s knowledge
while he is at rest. Respiratory rate can be assessed by sitting at the patient’s right side and taking
the pulse in their left wrist while laying their hand on their upper abdominal area. Normal resting
respiratory rates for adults range from 15–20 breaths per minute and 20–25 breaths per minute for
children between 5–12 years old. However, in certain conditions, abnormalities of the rate of
breathing may occur:

 Bradypnoea is abnormally slow breathing. It is a normal phenomenon during sleep but in ill-
health may indicate oversedation, opiate poisoning or the presence of a cerebral lesion.
 Tachypnea is abnormally fast breathing.
 Apnea occurs when breathing stops temporarily.

When you have completed this observation, keep hold of the wrist as if you were still counting the
pulse; you can then feel the chest or abdomen moving against your hand.

2. Pulse rate

The heart rate is most commonly assessed by calculating the pulse rate, which is the number of
beats in a 60-second period. The pulse is detected by placing two fingers over an artery close to a
bony or firm surface. The most common site used for pulse rate detection in adults and children over
the age of two years is the radial pulse because it is one of the most easily detected and accessible
sites. This can be felt on the anterior aspect of the wrist. The arm should be supported and relaxed
and the palm rotated uppermost. The pulse should be felt with the index and middle fingers over the
groove along the thumb side of the inner wrist. Toddlers may need distracting to ensure accurate
counting of the pulse.

Normal heart rates for children and adults are shown here:
When assessing a person’s pulse, three factors should be observed: its rate, rhythm and strength. A
heart rate faster than the normal values shown in the table is known as a tachycardia. In adults this
is considered to occur when the heart rate is over 100 beats per minute. Causes of an increased rate
include exercise, stress, fear, excitement, fever or blood or fluid loss, certain drugs and heart
conditions. A heart rate slower than the normal values show in the table is known as a bradycardia.
In adults, this is considered to occur when the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute. Causes of
a slow heart rate include hypothermia, certain drugs, for example beta-blockers and certain heart
conditions. However, a slow heart rate may also be a normal finding in fit athletic individuals.

The accurate recording and reporting of an abnormally fast or slow heart rate is essential. It will
often indicate a sudden change in a person’s condition that needs to be further assessed and
possibly treated. The rhythm of the pulse is the pattern in which the beats occur. In a healthy
person, the pattern or rhythm is regular because the chambers of the heart are contracting in a
coordinated manner, producing a regular pulse beat.

The strength or volume of the pulse is important because it can provide an indication of the person’s
cardiac function, cardiac output and probable blood pressure. A pulse that is weak and difficult to
feel will usually be rapid and may disappear when pressure is applied to the artery, suggesting that
the patient is dehydrated, bleeding or exhausted. A strong and pounding pulse may be the result of
infection, stress anemia or exercise.

3. Blood pressure

A routine component of the cardiovascular assessment is the measurement and recording of blood
pressure which is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of a blood vessel. The maximum
pressure is known as the systolic pressure and the minimum pressure that occurs during relaxation
of the heart is known as the diastolic pressure. The most frequent, non-invasive method of
measuring arterial blood pressure employs a sphygmomanometer. The frequency of recording will
depend on the patient’s condition, the reason for admission and the results of the reading. It is
therefore essential that the technique is performed accurately, on the same arm each time, and that
the patient is prepared prior to the procedure.

The effects of anxiety should also be considered, and ideally patients should be as relaxed as
possible prior to a blood pressure recording. However, it is notable that in some groups of patients, a
phenomenon known as ‘white coat hypertension’ or the ‘white coat effect’ can occur. In these
circumstances, anxiety relating to an anticipated recording of results is a stress effect that artificially
raises the blood pressure.

4. Temperature

Normal body temperature can range from 36.5°C, to 37.2°C. Body temperature may be abnormal
due to fever (high temperature) or hypothermia (low temperature). A fever is indicated when body
temperature rises above 38.5°C.

Read the article and decide whether the statements below are true (T) or false (F)

1. There are four main vital signs commonly used by health practitioners.
2. Ordinary resting respiratory rates for grown-ups extend from 20–25 breaths for every moment.
3. When evaluating an individual's heartbeat, three variables should be watched: its rate, rhythm,
and strength.
4. When the patient is dehydrated, his/her pulse will be difficult to feel.
5. Someone is considered having a fever if his/her body temperature rises above 37.2°C.

Text 2

Care Considerations in a Patient- and Family-Centered Medical Assistance in Dying Program

Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) became legal in Canada in June 2016. As part of a project
designed to improve end-of-life care for those requesting MAID, qualitative data from patients,
families, and providers were used to assess opportunities to enhance patient-and family-centered
care (PFCC) in this program.

Thirty interviews were conducted with patients, families, and healthcare providers. Five patients
who requested an assessment for MAID, 11 family members, and 14 healthcare providers were
interviewed about their experiences in 2017. Comparative coding and thematic analysis were
completed with the support of NVivo12.

Emotional PFCC considerations included: exploring and validating the emotional journey, navigating
the uncertain, judgmental experiences, and the emotional impact on families and the care team.
Physical PFCC considerations included: sensitivity in eligibility assessments, weaving in
interdisciplinary care, provision of anticipatory guidance, and death location. Spiritual PFCC
considerations included: honoring choice, listening to life stories, supporting spiritual needs, and
acknowledging loss. Relational PFCC considerations included: defining the circle of support,
supporting the circle, and relational investments.

Fundamental to a PFCC MAID program, practitioners must be afforded time to provide holistic care.
Program-related suggestions include incorporating interdisciplinary care early, and throughout the
illness trajectory, consistency in care providers, appropriate anticipatory guidance, and bereavement
supports for family, and dedicate space for MAID provisions. Patients and families must be included
in the ongoing development and re-evaluation of MAID programs to ensure continued focus on
quality end-of-life care.

After reading the abstract, answer the questions below.

1. From the abstract above please provide at least 2 suitable keywords.

2. What is the background of the study?
3. What is the method used in the study?
4. According to the abstract, what does PFCC stand for?
5. How many people were interviewed about their experiences in 2017?
 MIDDLE EXAM TEST OF NURSING ENGLISH 4 FROM Mrs. RETNO
(12/10/20)

DIRECTION:

Please make a summary of attached paediatric nursing article (pdf file)!