CHEM1111 Tutorial 3 – Answers to Critical Thinking Questions

Model 1: Electron Energy

1. n En (J) raverage (m)

1 −218 × 10−20 0.529 × 10−10
2 −54.5 × 10−20 2.12 × 10−10
3 −24.2 × 10−20 4.76 × 10−10
4 −13.6 × 10−20 8.46 × 10−10
5 −8.72 × 10−20 13.2 × 10−10
6 −6.06 × 10−20 19.0 × 10−10

2. See left hand graph.

3. The energy of the levels gets closer to 0, and they get closer together as n increases. The average
distance from the nucleus gets rapidly larger as n increases.

4. The energy of the electron tends to zero and the average distance of an electron from a nucleus tends to
infinity when n becomes very large.

5. Each energy would become more negative by a factor of Z2 (Z = charge on the nucleus). This would
mean that the energy levels would be lower on the graph.

Model 2: Atomic Spectroscopy

6. Shown as red lines on the left hand graph below.

7. Shown as red lines on the left hand graph below.

n=4 → n = 3 10.6 x 10−20 J
→ n = 2 40.9 x 10−20 J
→ n = 1 204 x 10−20 J

8. Shown as blue lines on the graphs below.

n=5 → n = 4 4.88 x 10−20 J
→ n = 3 15.5 x 10−20 J
→ n = 2 45.8 x 10−20 J
→ n = 1 209 x 10−20 J
9. See right hand graph below.

10. Energy increases when wavelength decreases, i.e. becomes shorter (from E = hc/λ)
(a) 7.1 × 10−7 m (710 nm) to 4.0 × 10−7 m (400 nm).
(b) red to violet

11. The lines in the visible region all result from jumps to the n = 2 level.

12. The lines in the ultraviolet region all result from jumps to the n = 1 level.
 Energy levels of the H atom Atomic Spectrum of the H atom

0 n=6 250
n=5
n=4
(a)(b)
n=3

-50 200
n=2 (a)

radiation energy × 10−20 J

-100 150
energy × 10−20 J

ultraviolet

-150 100

-200 50
infrared visible

n=1 (b)

-250 0
Model 3: Light and Waves

+ + A
+ +

*-* *-* * -* *-
𝝀
13. See figure.

14. See figure.

15. See figure. Negative regions shaded light grey.

16. Square shown in red (assuming the amplitude of the wave is 1).