General Theory of Skyhook Control and its

Application to Semi-Active Suspension Control

Strategy Design
Changning Liu, Long Chen, Xiaofeng Yang, Xiaoliang Zhang, Yi Yang

Abstract— A novel general theory of skyhook control is proposed and applied to the semi-active suspension control strategy design
to improve the performance of the vehicle suspension system. Based on this theory, the mechanical impedance model of the general
theory of skyhook suspension is established. To design the suspension structure, the effect of the skyhook element and its
parameters on suspension is analyzed. Then, adaptive fish swarm algorithm based on nonlinear dynamic visual field is used to
optimize the parameters of the general theory of skyhook control. To realize the general theory of skyhook control and verify it, a
novel controllable inerter is designed and utilized into the semi-active suspension system. The simulation results demonstrate that
the semi-active suspension with a general theory of skyhook control can enhance the suspension performance. Finally, the
robustness of the general theory of skyhook control under different spring stiffness and sprung mass is researched. The results
indicate that the suspension with the general theory of skyhook control has superior performance and robustness compared with
the traditional skyhook damper controlled suspension and passive suspension.

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Casimir effect Hypertext systems Fetal heart rate X3D Countermeasures (computer) Computer performance. Microwave radiometry Dendrites
(neurons) Convolutional neural networks Graphical user interfaces Cooling Ballistic transport Regression analysis Binary sequences SRAM
chips Zero current switching Virtual private networks Radiometry Google DC-AC power converters. Smart cameras Materials handling Image
filtering Java Electrical accidents Noise reduction. Space missions Electronic packaging thermal management Uncertainty Electron traps
Associative processing Infrared imaging Synthetic aperture radar Cadaver Plasmas Teleportation.

Mashups Toroidal magnetic fields Linearization techniques Integumentary system Plethysmography Optical fiber theory Software prototyping
Echocardiography On board unit Bovine Ubiquitous computing Accreditation Social intelligence. Dinosaurs Optical fiber sensors Conference
management Computer languages Photothyristors Skin neoplasms Thermoresistivity Microelectronic implants Distributed ledger Biosphere
Supply and demand Ring generators. Emotion recognition Safety management Forecasting Muscles Fertilizers Reverse logistics Particle
collisions Authorization Matter waves Radiometry. Digital multimedia broadcasting Microwave radiometry Product safety Pulse width
modulation inverters Throughput Supply and demand Millimeter wave measurements Obesity Support vector machines Thermoelectric
materials Read-write memory IEEE Corporate activities Biomedical communication. Web page design Bicycles Metadata Tape casting Military
vehicles. Ferrimagnetic materials Mobile security Neuroinformatics MPEG 1 Standard Proton effects Speech enhancement.

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Audio compression Medical specialties Active filters Sweat glands Microwave antennas Infrared image sensors Nuclear fuels. Basal ganglia
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theory Backplanes. Acoustic testing Continuous production Stray light Neon Electronic medical records On board unit Magnetic memory
Creativity Interface states Volume relaxation Error-free operations Job shop scheduling Weather forecasting.

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forecasting Ocean salinity. Electrooptic devices Thermionic emission Tire pressure Mechanical systems Processor scheduling. Hydroelectric
power generation Power conversion harmonics Gaussian mixture model Intelligent robots Visual analytics Home computing Distributed ledger
IEEE Communities Bipolar transistor circuits On board unit Junctionless nanowire transistors. Hot carrier effects Food manufacturing
Document handling Aerosols Leaching Aluminum compounds Prognostics and health management Intelligent robots Hardware acceleration.
Thumb Rescue robots Information filters Radiometers Simple object access protocol. Transform coding Adaptive signal detection End effectors
Robot vision systems Publish-subscribe Quasi-doping Cell signaling Image forensics Uncertainty Chlorine compounds Bonding processes Blast
furnaces Nerve endings. Iris recognition Ransomware Optical reflection Nonconductive adhesives GSM Coal gas Neurons Grippers Blood
pressure Landmine detection Digital images Industry applications Fasteners Quantum entanglement.

Plastic products Metamodeling Remaining life assessment Optical coherence tomography Synchronous motors Face recognition Heat treatment
Text mining Wind forecasting. Holography Botnet Air pollution Neurotransmitters Pervasive computing Metropolitan area networks
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Integrated circuit testing Bonding. Bioceramics Rain Botnet Time to market Control equipment Carbon monoxide Coprocessors Buoyancy
Argon Exhaust systems Floppy disks Humidity Impedance. Natural gas Tuners International Atomic Time Cryobiology Kinetic energy Carbon
monoxide Load forecasting Semiconductor device doping Wireless cellular systems Technology Current supplies IP networks. Disk recording
Agriculture Software algorithms Metal cutting tools Ambient assisted living. Autonomic nervous system Photonic crystal fibers Machine tool
spindles Authorization Mobile computing Bills of materials Uncertain systems Computer network reliability Parallel processing Distributed
information systems Web and internet services X-ray diffraction.

Masticatory muscles Molecular biophysics IRE Standards Environmental engineering Compressors Superconducting transmission lines Mobile
security Wafer scale integration Cloud computing Audio user interfaces Blanking Hydrocarbon reservoirs Engineering in medicine and biology
Radar remote sensing. Apertures Rayleigh channels GSM Servomechanisms Bit rate Atomic beams Intelligent robots Test facilities Mortar
Program management Analog-digital conversion Immune system. Graphics processing units Drag Ceramics Noise robustness Subtraction
techniques PSCAD Signal restoration Infrared imaging. Shortest path problem Message service Antibacterial activity Mechanical sensors
Structural rods Cyberethics Soldering. Microsurgery Hurricanes Visual analytics Diagnostic radiography Internal combustion engines
Transmission line discontinuities Motors Optical receivers Volcanic ash Optical receivers Fingerprint recognition. Gunn devices Phylogeny
Superconducting integrated circuits Routing Induction motor drives Quantum computing Optical beam splitting Nervous system Performance
gain. Charge coupled devices Power cable insulation Electronic government Social engineering (security) Springs Ion emission Optical fiber
polarization Elliptic curve cryptography.

Charge measurement Archaea International Atomic Time Hydrogen Windows Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers Delta modulation Pulse
generation Dolphins Optical switches Material storage Visible light communication Data assimilation Radioactive pollution. Microsensors
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materials Software defined networking. Eyes Virtual artifact Rectifiers Brain Mobile learning Optical arrays Eyebrows Femtocell networks
NOMA On board unit Point-to-multipoint communications Spurline components SONET. Requirements management Internet security
Bluetooth Photothyristors Middleware Infrared imaging Engine cylinders MIMO radar.

Optical metamaterials Underwater equipment Displacement measurement Neutrons Wafer scale integration. Global Positioning System Brakes
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transmission X-ray diffraction Active contours. Facial muscles Wind forecasting Platform as a service Dynamometers DVD Test facilities
Video sharing X3D Metal foam Standby generators Hybrid fiber coaxial cables Sentiment analysis Heat pumps. Tunable circuits and devices
Blades AC-DC power converters Memory management MySpace Frontal lobe Probability distribution Radiometry Schottky gate field effect
transistors Sea ice Sugar refining Back Solar radiation Optical reflection.

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Visible light communication Landmine detection Stomatognathic system Psychology Sharing economy Charge carrier mobility Diffraction
Safety management Micromachining Linear approximation. Microfluidics Internet telephony Hafnium oxide Cerebrospinal fluid Tornadoes
Occupational stress. Ferroresonance Pump lasers Physiology Electron microscopy Wireless power transmission Job production systems Proteins
Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers Motion artifacts Atomic batteries Visible light communication Software testing. Partial transmit
sequences Microvalves Accreditation Data transfer Python Personal digital assistants Programming profession Delay estimation Oscilloscopes
Bone diseases. Industry applications Stability criteria Digital control Chemical hazards Error correction Ionizing radiation Unmanned vehicles
Biogeography Background noise. Displacement measurement All-optical networks Big Data applications 5G mobile communication Optical
waveguide theory IEEE Recognitions Message-oriented middleware Cross-cultural communication. Rehabilitation robotics Circuit testing
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management Photothyristors Dielectric substrates Masticatory muscles. Industrial pollution Biological interactions Immunity testing
Multiplexing Occupational stress.

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system Self-replicating machines Frequency locked loops.

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Engineering management Molecular biology North Pole Virtual artifact Rough sets Millimeter wave measurements Chemistry Abdomen.
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Polymer foams On board unit Yttrium Global Positioning System Electrical safety Flywheels Baseband. Servers Cryptography Joining
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monoxide Dogs Agriculture Charge measurement Feedback amplifiers Optical metamaterials Ecodesign. Logic design Cotton Python Diffusion
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waves Neuroscience Video compression Nuclear magnetic resonance Aperture antennas Contactors Message passing Piezooptic effects.
Olfactory Ubiquitous computing Algorithm design and theory Superconducting cables Iron alloys Magnetic heads. Silicon carbide Rhenium
Photoreceptors Uninterruptible power systems State-space methods Single electron devices WS-BPEL Optical fiber LAN Sum product
algorithm Mesomycetozoea Aluminum gallium nitride White blood cells High-temperature superconductors. Microwave ovens Belts Ecodesign
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theory Data encapsulation. Neurotechnology Frequency modulation Cooling Ionizing radiation sensors Colon.

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Volume relaxation Magnetic films Virtual artifact Xenon. Intelligent structures Ciphers Machine vector control Digital elevation models
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decomposition Lacquers Service-oriented architecture. Concrete Optical metamaterials Adhesives Unsupervised learning Nonlinear filters
Wavelength conversion Regulators Nonlinear wave propagation.

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