BITS, PILANI, K. K.

BIRLA GOA CAMPUS, SECOND SEMESTER 2017 – 2018

MID-SEM Test: Process Equipment Design (CLOSED BOOK)
COURSE CODE: CHE F412
DATE: 08/03/2018 TIME: 4:00 PM – 5:30 PM MAX. MARKS: 60
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Question 1 [1 + 3 + 4 = 8 Marks]
A. Define the following mechanical properties of a material
a. Stiffness b. Creep
B. What is the difference between
a. Grey cast iron and white cast iron
b. Brass and Inconel
c. Thermoplastics and Thermosetting plastics
C. Write any three forms of corrosion and explain how each of them occurs? What are the different
measures that can be taken to prevent corrosion (List any four).

Question 2 [3 x 6 = 18 Marks]
A. What are struts? What is the basis for classifying the struts in three different categories? What are
those three different types of struts?
B. What are different suggested theories for failure of the material? (Write at least two). Explain one of
them (based on how failure takes place according to this theory and condition of failure)
C. For a uniformly loaded solid circular plate fixed at the edges, how are the following stresses calculated
(Write expressions)?
a. Circumferential stress at the center b. Circumferential stress at the circumference
D. If at any point in the material with two-dimensional stress pattern, two perpendicular normal stresses
fx and fy and shear stress fs are acting then how are the principle normal and shear stresses calculated?
(Write expressions)
E. What are the different types of gaskets used in industrial applications (Name any four)? Comment on
any one of them (write two features). What are different gasket reactions likely to be created when
compressed?
F.
i. What are the different causes for the loss of a volatile liquid from a storage tank (Name them)?
ii. What are the different types of floating roofs used in variable volume storage tanks for storing
volatile liquid (List them)? Which one is most widely used and why?

Question 3 [8 Marks]
A high pressure vessel with internal diameter of 200 mm was designed. The internal design pressure was
120 MPa and external pressure can be neglected (Assume that the permissible ultimate stress = 500
N/mm2 and permissible yield stress = 700 N/mm2)

Calculate the thickness of the shell using maximum energy distortion theory.
Question 4 [7 + 5 = 12 Marks]
2
A pressure vessel has to be designed for the maximum operating pressure of 7 N/mm . A cylindrical vessel
with an outside diameter of 1.5 m, thickness 40 mm and length 4 m is available. The vessel is made of IS:
2002 – 1962 Grade 2B quality steel. The corrosion allowance is 2 mm. (Assume the joint efficiency as 0.75).
The vessel is closed with top and bottom with torispherical heads. Consider that the vessel is supposed to
be filled with liquid (water).
Given data is:
• Volume and weight of each of the heads is 1.256 m3 and 198 kg.
• Weight of the flanges (top and bottom) is 302 kg
• Density of steel used for shell fabrication is 8000 kg/m3
• Negligible stress due to wind load and offset piping

a. Calculate the following stresses

(i) Hoop stress due to internal pressure
(ii) Axial stress due to internal pressure
(iii) Axial stress due to overall weight of the vessel
(iv) Equivalent stress based on shear strain energy theory
b. If the allowable stress is 120 N/mm2 for a given material at working temperature, then, is the vessel
with 40 mm thickness acceptable? Justify. If not and
(i) If the thickness cannot be changed, then what is the maximum operating pressure that the given
vessel can be used for?
(ii) If thickness can be changed, what is the minimum thickness required for a given operating
conditions?

Question 5 [5 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 2 = 14 Marks]
The data for designing a ring flange (with ring joint type gasket) is given below:
Internal design pressure = 5 MPa
Design temperature = 150 oC
Gasket material:
Ring joint (Gasket factor = 6.5; Seating stress=182.8 N/mm2; basic gasket seating width = N/2)
Bolt material = SA 193 (F304)
Gasket width (N) = 8.5 mm
Maximum allowable stress of flange material at design temperature = 102 MPa
Maximum allowable stress of bolting material at design and atmospheric condition = 138 MPa
Using this data, answer the following questions.
a. Find the minimum required gasket outer diameter and inner diameter
b. Find the minimum bolting area required
c. Number of bolts required
d. Choose the appropriate size of the bolt from the following available sizes. Justify your answer.
- M12, M16, M20, M24, M28, M32, M36, M40
e. Find the bolt circle diameter (consider pitch of the bolts as 4 times the bolt diameter)