TRANSFORMED TRANSFORMED STEEL YIELDS OR ULTIMATE

UNCRACKED CRACKED CONCRETE NON- CONDITION

SECTION SECTION LINEAR

Area of each reinforcement Use the right assumption from

Modular Ratio A.STEEL YIELDS B. CONCRETE the 5 assumptions in the
A1=(n−1) As BEHAVES ultimate condition of Part 1 to
Es NON-LINEAR
n= find the depth of compression
Ec A2=nA s Strain at Yield Point block, a, and neutral axis, c
fy
ε s=ε y = Strain of Concrete
Area of each material
Locate Neutral Axis
Es
0.7 f ' c
A g=bh ε c= Check actual stresses
Moment of A(compression)=Moment of A(tension) Ec
A1= A s ' (n−1) c
Moment and 0.003 ( d−c )
b ⋅ c ⋅ = A 1 ( d '−c )+ A 2 ( d−c ) Curvature ε s= =¿
2 Moment and Curvature
c For
A2= A s (n−1) εS
Experiment
c = _______ ϕ y= εc 0.003(c −d ' ) al Data:
d−c ϕ 0.7 f c = ε 's= =¿
'
c c Use
Locate Neutral Axis Interpolati
Moment of Inertia where c is the depth of
M 0.7 f c =ϕ−.7 f c ⋅ Ec ⋅ I cr ⋅tr fy on
h
NA at ' ' ε y= =¿

c=
Ag
2 ()
+ A 1 ( d ' )+ A 2(d)
3
I cr ⋅ tr =Icr+ I 1+ I 2
2
transformed cracked
section
Es
For SD685 STEEL:
AT bc c 2 For GRADE 60 STEEL:
I cr ⋅ tr =
12
+b ⋅c
2 ()
+ A1 ( d ' −c ) + A2 ( d−c )
2
M y =ϕ y ⋅ E s ⋅ I cr ⋅tr f s=29,000 ε s ( ksi )if 0 f s=29,000 ε s ( ksi )IF
0 ≤ ε s ≤ 0.00207
Moment of Inertia
≤ ε s ≤ 0.0024
2 Cracking Moment and Curvature
b h3 + A h −c
I un⋅ tr =
12
g ( )
2
+ A1 (d ' −c)2 +
M cr =¿ cracking moment just before Choose smaller f s=170−
0.43
ε s +0.0019
( ksi)
f s=60 ¿
cracking Moment value IF 0.001 ≤ ε s ≤ 0.097
Cracking Moment and Curvature if 0.0024 ≤ ε s ≤ 0.0200
M cr f s=60 (ksi)IF 0.00207
f r ⋅ I un⋅ tr ϕ cr . tr =
E c ⋅ I cr ⋅ tr ≤ ε s ≤ 0.008
M cr = where
h−c 0.85fc'ab + As' (fs'-0.85fc')= Asfs
f r=0.7 √ f c ' a = ____, c= _______
Mcr, M0.7fc’, Cs= As' (fs'-0.85fc') Cc= 0.85fc'ab
Mn= Cc ( d - a/2 ) + Cs ( d - d')
Φcr,tr Φ0.7fc’ Φn = tan-1 (0.003/c)

Mcr, PLOT MOMENT Mn, Φn

Φun,tr CURVATURE DIAGRAM