Cement – originally a name given to any substance that will make things stick to one another

Mechanical Properties
- Fineness
- Soundness
- Consistency
- Compressive Strength
- Setting Time
- Heat of Hydration
Chemical composition
- Tricalcium silicate
- Tricalcium aluminate
- Dicalcium silicate
- Tricalcium pyrate
History of Cement
- John Smeaton – regained an understanding of cement
- Joseph Aspdin – burning a mixture of one part clay with 3 parts of limestone
o PORTLAND – Portland Stone – Isle of Portland
- William Aspdin – addition of alite
- Isaac Johnson – higher temperature
Manufacturing Plants in the Philippines
- Cemex Holdings Philippines
- Eagle Cement Corporation
- Holcim Philippines Inc.
- Republic Cement & Building Materials
Manufacturing Process (Dry Process):
1. Extraction - excavator
2. Transportation – dump truck
3. Crushing – gyratory mill
4. Pre-Blending – hammer mill
5. Grinding – vertical roller mill
6. Blending – blending silos
7. Preheating – preheating tower
8. Calcination – rotary kiln  2,700°F
*heart of the process
9. Cooling – clinker cooler
10. Grinding with Gypsum – cement mill
11. Storing – steel silos
12. Packaging – packaging machine
** mixing, drying,

PREPARATION
- Quarrying  Transporting
- Conditioning
o Cutting, cleaning
- Calcination
- Finishing
- Packaging