Basic Electronics: Preparatory Electricity and Electronics Training System

Preparatory Electricity and Electronics Training System
Basic Electronics
1-800-Lab-Volt
www.labvolt.com
87682-30
|3087682300000s~
Job Sheets - Instructor

Preparatory Electricity and Electronics Training System
Basic Electronics
Job Sheets—Instructor
Edition 1
87682-30
FIRST EDITION
First Printing, January 2011
Copyright 2011 Lab-Volt Systems, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopied, recorded, or otherwise, without prior written
permission from Lab-Volt Systems, Inc.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the
part of Lab-Volt Systems, Inc. The Lab-Volt® materials described in this document are furnished under a license
agreement or a nondisclosure agreement.
ISBN 978-1-60533-318-2
Lab-Volt® logos are registered trademarks of Lab-Volt Systems, Inc.
Lab-Volt recognizes product names as trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Locktronics is a trademark of Matrix Multimedia Limited.
The content of the Preparatory Electricity and Electronics Trainer course has been taken from parts of Electricity
Matters 1, Electricity Matters 2, Advanced Electrical Principles DC, and Advanced Electrical Principles AC,
by Matrix Multimedia Limited, and has been modified to conform to the PEET Training System under a
cooperative agreement.
Certain clipart and images used within these job sheets are used with permission from:
Copyright 2009 JUPITERIMAGES, and its licensors http://www.photos.com/en/company/terms
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Other trademarks and trade names may be
used in this document to refer to either the entity claiming the marks and names or their products. Lab-Volt
Systems, Inc. disclaims any proprietary interest in trademarks and trade names other than its own.
To the Instructor
– Before a student begins a job sheet, ensure that the equipment is in good condition and does
not represent any risk when used.
– When a student has to complete a setup that is already partially mounted, ensure that the setup
corresponds to the job description.
– This guide provides you with the answers to calculations, measurements, and review questions.
Your evaluation, however, must relate to the quality of the accomplished work. Make sure that
the objectives listed in the Work Assessment Table are met.
– When the jobs are performed in teams, ensure that each student has and installs a padlock
when performing the lockout/tagout procedure.
– Make sure that the students understand the objectives of the job to do. They should have read
the appropriate pages in their textbook.
vii
Table of Contents
Job Sheet 1 Trainer Familiarization.......................................................... 1
Job Sheet 2 Diodes and Light Emitting Diode Basics. .................................. 2
Job Sheet 3 Rectifier Circuits. ................................................................ 3
Job Sheet 4 Bridge Rectifier................................................................... 4
Job Sheet 5 The Voltage Divider Circuit.................................................... 4
Job Sheet 6 Divider Circuits in Power Supply............................................. 5
Job Sheet 7 Zener Diode Characteristics. ................................................. 6
Job Sheet 8 Zener Diode Regulation........................................................ 7
Job Sheet 9 The Basic Transistor–NPN.................................................... 8
Job Sheet 10 Transistor Biasing. .............................................................. 8
Job Sheet 11 The Common-Base Circuit.................................................... 9
Job Sheet 12 The Common-Emitter Circuit................................................. 10
Job Sheet 13 Common-Collector Circuit.................................................... 10
Job Sheet 14 Amplifier Basics................................................................. 11
Job Sheet 15 The Two-Transistor Amplifier................................................. 11
Job Sheet 16 Oscillator Basics................................................................ 12
Job Sheet 17 JFET Basics. .................................................................... 12
Job Sheet 18 JFET Amplifier................................................................... 13
Job Sheet 19 The Silicon Controlled Rectifier Switch.................................... 13
Job Sheet 20 An SCR Control................................................................. 14
Job Sheet 21 The Operational Amplifier..................................................... 14
Job Sheet 22 Feedback......................................................................... 15
Job Sheet 23 Summing Amplifier. ............................................................ 16
Job Sheet 24 Inverter Operation.............................................................. 17
Job Sheet 25 The OR Gate. ................................................................... 18
Job Sheet 26 The NOR Gate.................................................................. 18
ix
Job Sheet 27 The AND Gate................................................................... 19
Job Sheet 28 The NAND Gate. ............................................................... 20
Job Sheet 29 3-Input AND Gate Program. ................................................. 21
Job Sheet 30 Programmable Logic........................................................... 21
Job Sheet 31 Sequence Generator. ......................................................... 22
x
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 1 Trainer Familiarization

ANSWERS TO PROCEDURE STEP QUESTIONS
3. Can be any of the components listed in step 1.
4. Yes
ANSWERS TO Review QUESTIONS
1. The purpose of checking these parts is to become familiar with the components in the kit
and to make sure the kit is complete.
2. Components or Parts.
3. A Light Emitting Diode is a special type of diode that releases electrical energy in the form
of photons.
4. You are responsible.
5. The parts are stored in foam inserts inside plastic bins.
1
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 2 Diodes and Light Emitting Diode Basics

10.
Current Through Diode Voltage Across Diode
2.0 mA 0.615 V
4.0 mA 0.649 V
6.0 mA 0.667 V
8.0 mA 0.681 V
10.0 mA 0.691 V
12.0 mA 0.700 V
14.0 mA 0.706 V
16.0 mA 0.712 V
18.0 mA 0.715 V
20.0 mA 0.720 V
15. Very little or no current flows through the circuit when the diode is reverse biased.
1. Silicon.
2. N-type has an excess of electrons and P-type has a deficiency of electrons
3. The N, or banded, end of the diode is connected to the positive power supply terminal and
the other end of the diode is connected to the negative terminal.
4. The diode junction is the place where the two semiconductors are joined. Current cannot
pass though the junction if it is reverse biased.
5. The N pole of the diode has either a color band or is shaped like a cone.
2
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 3 Rectifier Circuits

2. Voltage (AC) = 7.37 AC
3. Voltage drop = The DC voltage drop is very close to zero since the supplied voltage is
AC.
5. Voltage drop = –4.19 V, answers may vary depending on frequency generator level.
6. Voltage drop = 4.18 V, answers may vary depending on frequency generator level.
7.

1. A rectifier is used to convert AC to DC.
2. The diode is the principal rectifier component.
3. Only half the ac wave passes through the rectifier so only the negative or only the positive
ac peaks would appear at the rectifier output.
4. Since the diode and resistor are in series, the polarity of the resistor is the same as the
diode polarity.
5. The half-wave rectifier is simple and low cost but one-half of the alternating cycle is wasted.
3
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 4 Bridge Rectifier

2. Current = 7.43 Vac, answers may vary depending on signal generator level.
3. Voltage = 5.6 Vdc, answers may vary.
5. Current = 0.16 mA, answers may vary.
1. The bridge uses four rectifier diodes.
2. Bridge circuit schematics look like a square diamond.
3. Current flows in one direction for each half cycle.
4. Same as Figure 4-3.
5.
Job Sheet 5 The Voltage Divider Circuit

1. Current = 52.4 mA
3. Voltagelamp = 7.22 V, Voltageresistor = 2 V
4. Power = 52.4 mA x 2 V = 0.105W
5. Current = 26.7 mA
6.
A 1.27 V
B 3.17 V
C 4.78 V
A+B 4.44 V
B+C 7.95 V
A+B+C 9.20 V
7. Resistor C, Power = 26.7 mA x 4.78 V = 0.128V
4
Basic Electronics

1. Resistors
2. A voltage-dividing circuit is used to give the right voltage or voltages needed by a load.
3. Place a resistor in series with the load to reduce the load voltage.
4. By wiring any resistor in series across the power supply, many voltages are possible.
5. Voltage levels are in proportion to the resistance values of the series circuit.
Job Sheet 6 Divider Circuits in Power Supply

2. Current = 0.0553 A
Voltage drop (120 Ω Resistor) = 6.5 V
3. Current = 0.0723 A
4. Current = 0.0583 A
Voltage drop (180Ω) = 2.2V
5. Current = 0.0696 A
Voltage drop (Lamp) = 5.83 V
1. The voltage divider is used to lower the power supply voltage to what is needed by the
load.
2. The load resistance changes the total divider resistance.
3. The load is connected parallel to one of the voltage divider resistors.
4. High resistive loads produce less change in divider circuit voltage levels than lower resistive
loads.
5. The resistance of the load and how the load resistance might change.
5
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 7 Zener Diode Characteristics

7.
Voltage, Vdc Current, mA
4.0 0.4
4.1 0.5
4.2 0.7
4.3 0.9
4.4 1.3
4.5 1.7
4.6 2.4
4.7 3.7
4.8 6
4.9 10.2
5.0 19
8.
9. The curve begins to turn sharply upward around 4.7 volts, which is the breakdown
voltage of the zener diode.
6
Basic Electronics

1. Change the current in the opposite direction.
2. A forward-biased zener diode has low resistance.
3. A zener diode biased below the breakdown point shows high resistance and very little
current flow.
4. After the breakdown point is reached a reverse-biased zener diode shows low resistance
and high current flow.
5. An increasing current flow at the breakdown point makes the voltage drop across a zener
diode constant.
Job Sheet 8 Zener Diode Regulation

2. Voltage drop (V1) = 5.02 V
4. Voltage drop (V2) = 4.47 V
5. % Regulation = 12.3%
6. Voltage drop (V1) =6.4 V
Voltage drop (V2) =4.5 V
% Regulation = 42%
1. Variations in line voltage going to the power supply and variations in load cause changes in
power supply output.
2. Voltage going into the regulating device should be higher than the desired voltage output of
the regulated power supply.
3. % Regulation = ((V1 – V2) / V2) x 100
4. Very little output voltage change is good regulation. Poor regulation is large voltage change
caused by changes in load or line voltage. The percent regulation equation is useful for
comparing good and poor voltage regulator circuits.
5. % Regulation = ((V1 – V2) / V2) x 100
= ((12 – 10) / 10) x 100
= (2 / 10) x 100
= (1 / 5) x 100
= 20 %
7
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 9 The Basic Transistor–NPN

4. No
7. Yes
1. An NPN transistor is a sandwich of a piece of P-type semiconductor between two pieces of
N-type.
2. By “sandwiching” the P-type material between the N-type materials, two diode-like junctions
are formed.
3. The transistor parts are called the base, emitter, and collector.
4. The base is made of P-type material in an NPN transistor.
5. The arrowhead points away from the base in the NPN transistor.
Job Sheet 10 Transistor Biasing

3. The meter reads 2.5 mA.
5. There is no current reading.
7. The meter reads –2.5 mA.
9. There is no current reading.
1. A transistor can control current flow in a circuit.
2. A transistor can be used to turn circuit current on and off.
3. A transistor can be used to change circuit current.
4. Like the diode junction, the emitter base junction of a transistor will conduct current when
forward biased. But, it offers high resistance to current flow when reverse bias is used.
5. Current will flow through a properly biased output only when the emitter-base (input) is
forward biased.
8
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 11 The Common-Base Circuit

2. The transistor input is forward biased.
3. When the switch is closed, the lamp lights (dimly) because current can flow through
the circuit when the transistor input is forward biased.
5. When the switch is closed, the lamp does not light because current cannot flow
through the output circuit when the transistor input is reverse biased.
6. The lamp lights when the switch is pushed in a working circuit.
7. The lamp lights, but is much dimmer than before because there is less forward bias in
the base-emitter junction.
1. The power source positive lead is connected to the base and the negative lead to the
emitter.
2. Connect the power source positive lead to the emitter and the negative lead to the base.
3. Current flow is from the collector, through the base to the emitter.
4. One current path goes through the base-emitter circuit only. The other current path goes
through both the input and output circuits.
5. The base is made very small compared to the larger emitter and collector.
9
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 12 The Common-Emitter Circuit

2. The transistor base-emitter junction will be forward biased.
3. When the switch is closed, the lamp glows. Current flows through the lamp when the
transistor base-emitter junction is forward biased.
5. When the switch is closed, the lamp cannot light because current cannot flow through
the lamp when the base-emitter junction is reverse biased.
7. The lamp lights since bias is correct for a PNP transistor.
1. Connect the positive lead to base and the negative lead to the emitter.
2. Connect the positive lead to the emitter and the negative lead to the base.
3. Current flow from the emitter through the base to the collector.
4. One path travels through the base-emitter junction while the other current path travels
between emitter and collector to the output load.
5. It helps electrons push through the thin base material.
Job Sheet 13 Common-Collector Circuit

5. Output voltage = 5.4 V
6. Voltage drop = 6.2 V
7. Voltage (R2) = 0.2 V
Current = 0.0002 A (2mA)
1. The base-emitter junction should be forward biased and the base-collector junction should
be reverse biased.
2. The load is placed in the collector branch of the common-base and common-emitter circuits
but in the emitter branch of the common-collector circuits.
3. The common-collector circuit is also called an emitter follower circuit.
4. The load resistor is in a different part of the circuit. It is in the collector of a common-emitter
circuit. A common-collector circuit places the load in the emitter.
5. Transistors must have their base-emitter junction forward biased and their emitter-collector
reverse biased.
10
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 14 Amplifier Basics

2. This is a common-emitter transistor circuit.
3. Current Flow = 0.6 mA, answers may vary slightly since each transistor is different.
4. Amplification = 70 mA / 0.6 mA =116.7, answers may vary slightly since each transistor
is different.
1. A switch turns a circuit on or off. An amplifier boosts a varying signal such as a radio or
audio wave.
2. The common-emitter circuit is the most common amplifier circuit.
3. An audio amplifier increases the voltage, current, or power of signals we can hear with our
ears.
4. The radio frequency amplifier increases signals used to transmit information by radio
waves.
5. Gain is a measurement that tells how much a transistor can amplify an input current.
Job Sheet 15 The Two-Transistor Amplifier

1. Both transistors are in a common-emitter circuit.
5. A very low crackling sound.
7. A low beep is emitted from the buzzer. This is because the NPN transistor amplified
the input.
9. A louder beep is emitted from the buzzer. This is because the amplifier circuits are in
cascade.
1. Class A amplifiers can be connected in series.
2. Each amplifier in a series of amplifiers is referred to as a stage.
3. A series of amplifiers is often called a cascade.
4. Amplifiers can be coupled directly. The base of one second stage is connected to the
collector of the stage that came before it.
5. Capacitors and transformers can be used to couple stages together.
11
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 16 Oscillator Basics

5. This is a common-emitter transistor circuit used as an amplifier.
6. The buzzer beeps.
9. The new circuit will be an oscillator.
10. When the switch is released the buzzer makes a noise.
1. The signal generator uses an oscillator to generate an alternating current. Resistors,
capacitors, and inductors then make the waveshape.
2. The oscillator circuit is much like an amplifier circuit that has feedback added.
3. The oscillator does not have external input. The amplifier does. But, a small part of the
output signal is feedback to the input in an oscillator.
4. A part of the output is returned to the input to be amplified. The effect is much like a howl in
a poorly adjusted public address system.
5. The feedback makes an alternating current that can be used as an electronic signal or
musical tone.
Job Sheet 17 JFET Basics

3. There is current flow in the output circuit with zero volts on the gate. The current is
about 9 mA, but may vary depending on the JFET used.
4. Drain current drops to zero.
7. The cut off voltage is about 3.2 V, but may vary slightly depending on the JFET you
use.
1. Junction Field Effect Transistor.
2. A PN junction is added to the channel between the source and drain.
3. The source, drain, and gate.
4. The PN junction of a JFET is reverse biased during normal operation.
5.
12
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 18 JFET Amplifier

2. -1.4 Vdc and the polarity is negative.
3. 0.16 Vac.
4. Gain = 0.16 Vac / 0.3 Vac = 0.53
1. Common source, common drain, and common gate.
2. The common drain circuit.
3. The source follower.
4. The gate voltage is negative.
5. It will match two different circuit resistances.
Job Sheet 19 The Silicon Controlled Rectifier Switch

3. The SCR gate must be connected to the positive and the cathode must be connected
to the negative terminal to trigger the circuit on.
4. The lamp went on when the switch was pressed. This forward biased the gate-
cathode junction. Current flowed through the SCR and the rest of the circuit.
5. The lamp stays on because the gate current is needed only to trigger the SCR on.
6. When switch 2 is open, the lamp goes out because it opens the closed SCR circuit.
1. Many ignition systems use the SCR to control large energy levels.
2. A small forward trigger current for the gate-cathode junction is enough to start a large load
current flowing through the SCR.
3. The load current will keep flowing even though the trigger current stops flowing.
4. The circuit must be opened to stop current flow.
5. The load current through the transistor will continue only when the base-emitter junction is
forward biased. The SCR gate-cathode bias can be removed, but load current will still flow.
13
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 20 An SCR Control

2. The two diodes, capacitor, and variable resistor make up the SCR trigger circuit.
3. The lamp is either very dim or not lit at all. This is because there is little or no current
flowing to it.
4. Rotating the variable resistor control causes the current in the circuit to change as
shown by a change in the brightness of the light.
1. An SCR can be used to dim lights and control motor speeds.
2. The SCR rectifies the alternating current to direct current.
3. The trigger circuit tells the SCR when to start conducting.
4. Load current will stop only when the AC is reduced to zero.
5. The trigger circuit uses a variable resistor, diode(s), and usually a capacitor.
Job Sheet 21 The Operational Amplifier

5. The reading is positive because the input is positive and it is connected to the non-
inverting input.
7. The reading is negative because the input is negative and it is connected to the non-
inverting input.
10. The reading is negative because the input is positive and it is connected to the
inverting input.
12. The reading is positive because the input is negative and it is connected to the
inverting input.
1.
2. The (–) input is called the inverting input and the (+) input is called the non-inverting input.
3. The output voltage will be positive.
4. The input and output voltages of an inverting op-amp circuit are opposite polarity to one
another.
5. The output voltage will be positive.
14
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 22 Feedback

5. Gain = 2
6. Gain = 6.6
8. Voltage = 0.2 V (200 mV)
9. Gain = 2, yes they are the same.
11. Voltage = 0.66 V (660 mV)
12. Gain = 6.6, yes they are the same.
14. Gain = 1
15. Gain = 5.6
17. Voltage = 0.1 V (100 mV)
18. Gain = 1, yes they are the same.
20. Voltage = –0.56 V (560 mV)
21. Gain = 5.6, yes they are the same.
1. Gain can be controlled by using feedback resistance.
2. Feedback is electrical path which returns part of the output signal back to the input. It is
used to set the gain of the op-amp.
3. Gain = Output V / Input V = 10 / 2 = 5
4. The non-inverting op-amp has the larger gain.
5. Gain = 1 + (RF / RIN)
15
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 23 Summing Amplifier

5. Voltage10kΩ = 0.01V (answers may vary slightly)
Voltage1kΩ = 0.01V (answers may vary slightly)
6. VoltageOutput = -0.02V (answers should roughly equal the sum of the inputs). Yes, the
output equals the sum of the input voltages.
7. Yes, the output should be about -0.03 V which is the sum of the inputs.
9. VoltageOutput = -0.044 V
Gain = 2.2
1. To add input voltages producing the summed output.
2. It shows that an inverting amplifier circuit is used but all you are concerned with is the sum
of the voltages, not the polarity at this time.
3. The circuit gain must be one.
4. Circuit gains other than one will cause a scaled sum of the input voltages at the output.
5.
16
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 24 Inverter Operation

2. The lamp is on and the output logic is 1.
4. The lamp is off.
Switch Setting Input Output Lamp Condition

(0 or 1) (On or Off)
Open Logic 0 Logic 1 On
Closed Logic 1 Logic 0 Off

1. The output is the opposite of the input.
2.
3. The output logic is 0.

4. The logic levels are the same at the input and output of the circuit.
5. There is an inversion between input and output.
17
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 25 The OR Gate

2. The lamp is off.
Logic: 0
4.
Toggle Switch Push Button Input A Input B Output Lamp Condition
Setting Switch Setting (0 or 1) (On or Off)
Open Open Logic 0 Logic 0 0 Off
Closed Open Logic 1 Logic 0 1 On
Open Closed Logic 0 Logic 1 1 On
Closed Closed Logic 1 Logic 1 1 On

1. If either or both inputs are a logic 1, the output will be a logic 1.
2. Two switches (inputs) are the least number required.
3. A logic 1 condition exists.
Job Sheet 26 The NOR Gate

2. The lamp is off.
Logic: 0
4.
Open Open Logic 0 Logic 0 1 On
Closed Open Logic 1 Logic 0 0 Off
Open Closed Logic 0 Logic 1 0 Off
Closed Closed Logic 1 Logic 1 0 Off
18
Basic Electronics

1.
2. The addition of an inverter in series with the output of the OR circuit.

3. The output will be logic 1.
4.
5. If any input is a logic 1 the output is a logic 0. If all inputs are logic 0 the output is a logic 1.
Job Sheet 27 The AND Gate

2. The lamp is off.
Logic: 0
4.
Open Open Logic 0 Logic 0 0 Off
Closed Open Logic 1 Logic 0 0 Off
Open Closed Logic 0 Logic 1 0 Off
Closed Closed Logic 1 Logic 1 1 On

1. If both inputs are a logic 1, the output is a logic 1. The output is a logic 0 if for all other pairs
of logic inputs.
2. Series Circuit.
3. Logic 0.
4. Logic 0.
5. Logic 1.
19
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 28 The NAND Gate

2. The lamp is on.
Logic: 1
4.

Open Open Logic 0 Logic 0 1 On
Closed Open Logic 1 Logic 0 1 On
Open Closed Logic 0 Logic 1 1 On
Closed Closed Logic 1 Logic 1 0 Off

1.
2. If both inputs are logic 1, the output is a logic 0. If one or both inputs are a logic 0, the
output is a logic 1.
3. The output logic is a logic 1.
4. The AND circuit and an inverter.
5. The NAND circuit output logic is the opposite of the AND circuit.
20
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 29 3-Input AND Gate Program

10. The buzzer sounds.
12. The lamp lights.
1. The 3-input AND gate is setting 0 on the PICmicro microcontroller so all switches are
pushed to the right.
2. The toggle switch arms the security system.
3. The Light Dependent resistor senses whether or not it is dark enough for the alarm to
sound.
4. The push switch acts as a pressure pad to determine if a burglar has tripped the alarm
system.
5. The buzzer sounding and the lamp lighting.
Job Sheet 30 Programmable Logic

6. The lamp lights.
7. The lamp lights.
8. The OR gate
10. The lamp lights.
11. The AND gate.
1. A programmable logic controller is a computer used to control input signals, make simple
logic steps, and create output signals.
2. 3
3. The OR gate and the AND gate.
4. An OR gate.
5. An AND gate.
21
Basic Electronics
Job Sheet 31 Sequence Generator

7. The LEDs are off.
10. The LEDs blink slower as the variable resistor is rotated clockwise.
11. The LEDs are blinking slower.
1. Stop lights, washing machines, or any automation process that requires a carefully
orchestrated sequence of events.
2. The variable resistor controls the amount of current being delivered to the microcontroller
input.
3. 1 input.
4. 3 outputs.
5. Other components that could be hooked up as output devices include resistors, buzzers, or
motors just to name a few.
22
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Preparatory Electricity and Electronics Training System

Job Sheets - Instructor

Lab-Volt® logos are registered trademarks of Lab-Volt Systems, Inc.

Locktronics is a trademark of Matrix Multimedia Limited.

Job Sheet 1 Trainer Familiarization.......................................................... 1

Job Sheet 2 Diodes and Light Emitting Diode Basics. .................................. 2

Job Sheet 3 Rectifier Circuits. ................................................................ 3

Job Sheet 4 Bridge Rectifier................................................................... 4

Job Sheet 5 The Voltage Divider Circuit.................................................... 4

Job Sheet 6 Divider Circuits in Power Supply............................................. 5

Job Sheet 7 Zener Diode Characteristics. ................................................. 6

Job Sheet 8 Zener Diode Regulation........................................................ 7

Job Sheet 9 The Basic Transistor–NPN.................................................... 8

Job Sheet 10 Transistor Biasing. .............................................................. 8

Job Sheet 11 The Common-Base Circuit.................................................... 9

Job Sheet 12 The Common-Emitter Circuit................................................. 10

Job Sheet 13 Common-Collector Circuit.................................................... 10

Job Sheet 14 Amplifier Basics................................................................. 11

Job Sheet 15 The Two-Transistor Amplifier................................................. 11

Job Sheet 16 Oscillator Basics................................................................ 12

Job Sheet 17 JFET Basics. .................................................................... 12

Job Sheet 18 JFET Amplifier................................................................... 13

Job Sheet 19 The Silicon Controlled Rectifier Switch.................................... 13

Job Sheet 20 An SCR Control................................................................. 14

Job Sheet 21 The Operational Amplifier..................................................... 14

Job Sheet 22 Feedback......................................................................... 15

Job Sheet 23 Summing Amplifier. ............................................................ 16

Job Sheet 24 Inverter Operation.............................................................. 17

Job Sheet 25 The OR Gate. ................................................................... 18

Job Sheet 26 The NOR Gate.................................................................. 18

Job Sheet 28 The NAND Gate. ............................................................... 20

Job Sheet 29 3-Input AND Gate Program. ................................................. 21

Job Sheet 30 Programmable Logic........................................................... 21

Job Sheet 31 Sequence Generator. ......................................................... 22

Job Sheet 1 Trainer Familiarization

Job Sheet 2 Diodes and Light Emitting Diode Basics

Job Sheet 3 Rectifier Circuits

ANSWERS TO Review QUESTIONS

Job Sheet 4 Bridge Rectifier

Job Sheet 5 The Voltage Divider Circuit

7. Resistor C, Power = 26.7 mA x 4.78 V = 0.128V

ANSWERS TO Review QUESTIONS

Job Sheet 6 Divider Circuits in Power Supply

Job Sheet 7 Zener Diode Characteristics

ANSWERS TO Review QUESTIONS

Job Sheet 8 Zener Diode Regulation

Job Sheet 9 The Basic Transistor–NPN

Job Sheet 10 Transistor Biasing

Job Sheet 11 The Common-Base Circuit

Job Sheet 12 The Common-Emitter Circuit

Job Sheet 13 Common-Collector Circuit

Job Sheet 14 Amplifier Basics

Job Sheet 15 The Two-Transistor Amplifier

Job Sheet 16 Oscillator Basics

Job Sheet 17 JFET Basics

Job Sheet 18 JFET Amplifier

Job Sheet 19 The Silicon Controlled Rectifier Switch

Job Sheet 20 An SCR Control

Job Sheet 21 The Operational Amplifier

Job Sheet 22 Feedback

Job Sheet 23 Summing Amplifier

Job Sheet 24 Inverter Operation