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TIPS DAN ALTERNATIF

GIZI DAN
HIPERTENSI

Nazhif Gifari
Outline
1. Hipertensi di Indonesia
2. Fakta asupan garam di Indonesia
3. Batasan asupan garam
4. Contoh makanan tinggi garam
5. Tips untuk mencegah kelebihan garam (pemilihan
& pemasakan)
6. Alternatif dan tips
HIPERTENSI DI
INDONESIA
PREVALENSI HIPERTENSI BERDASARKAN HASIL
PENGUKURAN PADA PENDUDUK UMUR ≥ 18 TAHUN

Riskesdas (2018)
DIBATASI
Angka Kecukupan Gizi (2019)
FAKTA ASUPAN
GARAM
In Asian countries, salt added in home cooking and at the
table accounts for an estimated 72% to 76% of dietary
intake. Soy sauce, miso, salted vegetables, salted fruits,
and salted fish contribute significantly to dietary sodium.

Doyle And Kathleen. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. Vol. 9, 2010.
Data Riskesdas RI, sebesar 29.7% orang Indonesia
mengonsumsi makanan asin yang tinggi garam lebih dari 1
kali per hari.
ASUPAN NATRIUM PENDUDUK INDONESIA:
Analisis Data Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu
(SKMI) 2014

Sri Prihatini, Dewi Permaesih, Elisa Diana Julianti. 2017. Asupan Natrium Penduduk Indonesia: Analisis Data Survei
Konsumsi Makanan Individu (SKMI) 2014. Gizi Indon 2016, 39(1):15-24.
BATASAN
ASUPAN GARAM
Berapa anjuran konsumsi Garam
per harinya?

Anjuran Konsumsi GARAM adalah 2000 mg natrium


atau setara dengan Garam 1 sendok teh (sdt) /orang
/hari (5 gram/orang/hari).
WHO Recommendations
• WHO recommends a reduction in sodium intake to
reduce blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular
disease, stroke and coronary heart disease in adults.
• WHO recommends a reduction to <2 g/day sodium
(5 g/day salt) in adults.

2g atau 2000 mg
(Rekomendasi WHO)
MAKANAN
TINGGI GARAM
Kandungan sodium di beberapa jenis
makanan:
Makanan Natrium (mg)
1 sendok makan kecap asin (17 gram) 688.5 mg sodium
1 sendok makan kecap manis (20 gram) 561.4 mg sodium
1 sendok makan saos tomat (22 gram) 217.14 mg sodium
1 sendok makan saos cabe (20 gram) 228.8 mg sodium
1 cup sup krim (270 gram) 1863 mg sodium
1 porsi mie instan kuah (503 gram) 2278.59 mg sodium
4 potong chicken nugget (@ 20 gram) 519.2 mg sodium

Sumber: Singapore Nutrient Database


Food Choice Matter
• Breads and rolls, Pizza, Sandwiches (such as
hamburgers, hot dogs, and submarine sandwiches)
• Snack foods (such as chips, crackers, microwave
popcorn, and pretzels)
• Chicken (includes processed chicken) & Cheese
(includes processed cheese)
• Egg dishes and omelets
TIPS UNTUK
MENCEGAH
KELEBIHAN
GARAM
How can I cook with less salt and more
flavor?
• Avoid adding table salt to foods.
• Flavor foods with herbs, spices, lemon, lime, vinegar, or
salt-free seasoning blends.
• Use fresh poultry, fish, and lean meat, rather than
canned, smoked, or processed types.
• Choose unsalted nuts and low-sodium canned foods.
• Use products made without added salt.
• Rinse canned vegetables and beans to reduce sodium
How to Reduce Sodium Intake:
• The best way to combat high sodium in your daily
diet is to watch your intake of highly processed
foods.
• Read the Nutrition Facts label and look for the
Daily Value of sodium in the foods you eat.
• And consider these satisfying options to keep sodium
under control: fruits and vegetables, unsalted nuts,
legumes and whole grains (including brown rice, oats
and barley).
Makanan yang harus dihindari atau dibatasi adalah:
a. Makanan yang berkadar lemak jenuh tinggi (otak,
ginjal, paru, minyak kelapa, gajih).
b. Makanan yang diolah dengan menggunakan garam
natrium (biscuit, crackers, keripik dan makanan
kering yang asin).
c. Makanan dan minuman dalam kaleng (sarden, sosis,
korned, sayuran serta buah-buahan dalam kaleng,
soft drink).
d. Makanan yang diawetkan (dendeng, asinan
sayur/buah, abon, ikan asin, pindang, udang
kering, telur asin, selai kacang).
Makanan yang harus dihindari atau dibatasi oleh
penderita hipertensi adalah:
e. Susu full cream, mentega, margarine, keju
mayonnaise, serta sumber protein hewani yang
tinggi kolesterol seperti daging merah
(sapi/kambing), kuning telur, kulit ayam).
f. Bumbu-bumbu seperti kecap, maggi, terasi, saus
tomat, saus sambal, tauco serta bumbu
penyedap lain yang pada umumnya
mengandung garam natrium.
g. Alkohol dan makanan yang mengandung alkohol
seperti tape.
Sumber: Juang et al. 2020. Effect of dose and duration of reduction in dietary sodium on blood pressure levels: systematic review and
meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 2020;368:m315 | doi: 10.1136/bmj.m315
ALTERNATIF
DAN TIPS
MAJOR NUTRIENTS PROVIDED BY DIETARY
APPROACHES TO STOP HYPERTENSION (DASH)
COMPONENTS

Akhlaghi. 2019. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH): potential mechanisms of action against risk
factors of the metabolic syndrome. Nutrition Research Reviews. doi:10.1017/S0954422419000155.
BACA
INFORMASI
NILAI
GIZI
Dibatasi

Dipenuhi
ALTERNATIF KECAP MANIS

Kecap manis bebas gula dan lebih rendah


garam, aman untuk diet, diabetesi, dan hipertensi.
ALTERNATIF KECAP ASIN

Kecap asin lebih rendah garam, aman untuk yang


memiliki hipertensi.
TERIMA KASIH

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