سلوكيات القيادة التحويلية واثرها على الابداع التنظيمي

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‫و'‬
‫(‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Z‬‬ ‫و א‪,‬‬ ‫‪L‬א‬ ‫?‬
‫)‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)‬
‫א‪Z K,‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫[‪B $‬‬

‫‪W‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫)‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪58‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫? ‪?Z‬‬
‫‪57‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪ZJ $‬‬ ‫و א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬

‫אد ق ‪0‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪ v‬א '‪a 6‬‬ ‫‪K $‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫? ?‪?_k? %‬‬
‫‪,‬א‬ ‫‪$h‬‬
‫‪67‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫‪65‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫)‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫א‬
‫(‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪ NA‬دא‬ ‫א {‪N‬‬ ‫א א‪4 {2‬א‬

‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪59‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫א‪? B4,‬‬ ‫ل ‪67‬א ‪,‬د ‪?6‬و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א אود‬

‫‪61‬‬
‫)‬
‫'‪ a 6‬א‪? P &4‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪T B4‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫(‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪64‬‬
‫ز‬
u a@
‫א‬ u a@
‫א‬
u a@
‫א‬ u a@
‫א‬
(
0 ‫? אو‬a ‫א‬ E@ ? 0 ‫? אو‬a ‫א‬ E@ ?
71
)
1
2
W
e
e? ?‫א‬e? ?‫א‬
e? ?‫א? ?א‬
,‫א‬ ‫ א‬Q % ,‫א‬ 3 ‫א‬ c,; ‫א‬ ‫א‬L ‫ز‬ ‫א‬
W W W W
0 ‫? אو‬a ‫א‬ E@ ? 0 ‫? אو‬a ‫א‬ E@ ?
4
‫ـ‬
‫א‬
(
3
4
W
4
)
‫ـ‬
,‫א‬ ‫א‬oN,$h
v6I ‫ א‬v6I ‫א‬
84
(
‫ـ‬
I6 ‫א‬ I6 ‫א‬
W
)
v6I 6‫א‬I ‫א‬
‫ع‬ o 4‫ אع‬o 4‫א‬
v
‫ع‬ o 4‫ א‬o 4‫א‬
‫ع‬
L‫א‬ ‫א‬L‫א‬ ‫א‬
o I ‫ א‬, $ h\"‫ و‬v ‫? א‬a K o I ‫ א‬, $ h\"‫ و‬v ‫? א‬a K
69
L‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬
o I ‫ א‬, $ h\"‫ و‬v ‫? א‬a K oI ‫א‬, $ h\"‫ و‬v ‫? א‬a K

?
4‫א‬
70
L W W W W
I6 ‫א‬ I6 ‫א‬
105
‫ـ‬
‫ـ‬
)
)
B ‫ א‬L3‫א‬4 ‫א‬
111
ً :‫و‬
W
106
W
0 ‫א‬
(
5
(
W
?
4‫א‬
3
W
$ 3A‫ א‬L3‫א‬4 ‫א‬
ً K
116
2
‫ـ‬
W
5
(
1
106
?a ‫א‬
5
108
)
L3‫א‬4 ‫ א‬a @3‫א‬4 ‫ א‬a @
110
L
L3‫א‬4 ‫ א‬a @L3‫א‬4 ‫ א‬a @
a@ a@
a@ a@
?'k4‫'א‬k4‫א‬
?'k4‫'?א‬k4‫א‬
?
121
L L L L
v
& $'( ‫! *) א‬
‫!‬ ‫א‬
‫!‬ ‫دو‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א د‬
‫‪o‬ع‬ ‫א‪ o 4‬א‪4‬‬

‫ع‬
‫ل‬
‫‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬و‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬لو‬
‫‪v6I‬‬ ‫‪ F@,6I‬א‬ ‫‪ F@,‬א‬
‫@‪a@ a‬‬
‫لوא‬ ‫‪T T‬‬‫אلوא‬ ‫א‬
‫@‪a@ a‬‬
‫‪v6I‬‬ ‫‪ F@,v6I‬א‬ ‫‪ F@,‬א‬
‫لوא‬ ‫‪T T‬‬‫אوא‬ ‫א‬
‫‪I6‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪I6‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪I6‬‬ ‫‪ I6‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪o‬ع‬ ‫א‪ o 4‬אع‪4‬‬
‫‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬لو‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬لو‬

‫ل‬
‫‪A\" ; 1\"$‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫;‪\"$‬‬

‫و*‬
‫;@א‪5‬‬ ‫א ‪1‬א ?‪7‬אو‬
‫‪71‬‬
‫‪<C$‬א ‪8 B54‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪67‬‬
‫א ! א א‪8 42$5‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪66‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪9 8‬א! א ق‪$ 7‬‬ ‫;אد‬
‫א‪7‬‬ ‫* *= <‬
‫‪59‬‬
‫دא ‪1 1‬א ‪ !23‬א א‪42$5‬א ‪/6‬و‬ ‫א!א‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫‪-‬ن‬
!* .
‫א‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫ود א‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪29‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪75‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫א‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪E D#$‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪77‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫א‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪A\" ; 1\"$‬‬ ‫א \"‪*;$‬و‬

‫;@א‪5‬‬ ‫א ‪1‬א ?‪7‬אو‬
‫‪73‬‬
‫א ‪D‬د‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪A\" ; 1\"$‬‬ ‫א \"‪*;$‬و‬
‫;@א‪5‬‬ ‫א ‪1‬א ?‪7‬אو‬
‫א‪$ 7‬‬
‫א‪% B$ 7‬‬
‫א‬
‫‪(D‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪83‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫!א‬ ‫א‪J‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫;@א‪1‬‬ ‫א ?‪7‬אو‬
‫א‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫א ‪F(-$‬‬
‫‪A\" ; 1\"$‬‬ ‫א \"‪*;$‬و‬
‫;@א‪5‬‬ ‫א ‪1‬א ?‪7‬אو‬
‫‪A\" ; 1\"$‬‬ ‫א \"‪*;$‬و‬

‫א‪5‬‬
‫א‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬ ‫; "\‬
‫‪79‬‬
‫‪85‬‬
‫א‬
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫א! א‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫!عא‬ ‫‪H I‬‬ ‫‪$‬‬ ‫א \"‪*;$‬و‬
‫;@א‪5‬‬ ‫א ‪1‬א ?‪7‬אو‬
‫"\א‪1‬‬
‫و*;‪\"$‬‬
‫;@א‪5‬‬ ‫א ‪1‬א ?‪7‬אو‬
‫‪81‬‬
‫‪8- N $‬‬ ‫!א عא‬
‫א‪J‬‬
‫א!?‪7‬א‬ ‫‪ = K‬د! ‪5$‬א‬ ‫‪ LM $‬א‪$9‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫ط‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫‪ I6‬א ‪I6‬‬ ‫א‬

‫א ‪1‬א‪! J‬א‬ ‫"\א א !‬
‫א‪! J‬؛عא‬
‫)‬
‫‪o‬ع‬ ‫א‪ o 4‬א‪4‬‬
‫ع‬
‫‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬و‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬لو‬

‫‪L L‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫‪8- N $‬‬ ‫!א عא‬ ‫א‪J‬‬
‫‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬لو‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬لو‬

‫ل‬
‫א ‪ I6‬א ‪I6‬‬
‫א‪ o 4‬אع‪ o 4‬ع‬
‫‪ F@,v6I‬א ‪v6I‬‬ ‫‪ F@,‬א‬
‫‪v‬‬
‫‪v6I‬‬ ‫‪ F@,6I‬א‬ ‫‪ F@,‬א‬

‫ل‬
‫لوא‬ ‫‪T T‬‬

‫אلوא‬ ‫א‬
‫لوא‬ ‫‪T T‬‬

‫אوא‬ ‫א‬
‫@‪a@ a‬‬
‫@‪a@ a‬‬
‫ود א‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪<C$‬א ‪8 B54‬‬ ‫א <‬ ‫‪$9 LM‬א‬ ‫‪$‬‬

% B$ 7‫א‬
4
(D ‫א‬
< $9‫ א‬LM $

(
‫ود א‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬א‪! J‬א‬ ‫"\א א ! א‬
‫א‪! J‬؛عא‬
‫‪89‬‬
‫!א‬ ‫‪1‬א‪J‬‬ ‫"\א א ! א‬

‫א‪! J‬؛عא‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪8- N $‬‬ ‫!א عא‬ ‫א‪J‬‬
‫)‬
‫ود א‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪88‬‬
‫א‬
‫د א‬
‫(‬
‫‪86‬‬
‫א‬
‫د א‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪8- N $‬‬ ‫!א عא‬ ‫א‪J‬‬

‫)‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫א‪$ 7‬‬
‫د‬D ‫א‬
< $9‫ א‬LM $

‫!؛عא‬ ‫‪ I‬א‪J‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪8- N $‬‬ ‫!א عא‬ ‫א‪J‬‬
‫‪91‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪F(-$‬‬ ‫א <‬ ‫‪$9 LM‬א‬ ‫‪$‬‬
(
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫د א‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪8- N $‬‬ ‫!א عא‬ ‫א‪J‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫!א‬ ‫‪1‬א‪J‬‬ ‫"\א א ! א‬
‫‪E D#$‬‬ ‫א <‬ ‫‪$9 LM‬א‬ ‫‪$‬‬

‫ود א‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫!؛عא‬ ‫‪ I‬א‪J‬‬
‫د א‬
)
13
‫ـ‬
4
‫ـ‬
15
95
.F* ‫א‬ \"
RS$9
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬ ‫; "\‬
‫א‬
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫א‪RS$97‬‬ ‫‪$9 LM‬א‬ ‫‪$‬‬
.
4
93
‫א‬
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬א‪! J‬א‬ ‫"\א א ! א‬
‫(‬
‫‪14‬‬
‫א‪%‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫; "\‬

‫;@א‪5‬‬ ‫א ‪1‬א ?‪7‬אو‬
‫‪95‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫*א ‪42$‬‬ ‫;‪Q‬‬
\"#$ ‫א‬
P
‫‪o‬ع‬ ‫א‪ o 4‬אع‪4‬‬
‫א‪ o 4‬א‪ o 4‬ع‬
‫‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬لو‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬لو‬
‫‪v‬‬
‫‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬و‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬لو‬
‫‪v6I‬‬ ‫‪ F@,v6I‬א‬ ‫‪ F@,‬א‬
‫‪v6I‬‬ ‫‪ F@,6I‬א‬ ‫‪ F@,‬א‬
‫ل‬
‫لوא‬ ‫‪T T‬‬‫אلوא‬ ‫א‬
‫لوא‬ ‫‪T T‬‬‫אوא‬ ‫א‬
‫@‪a@ a‬‬
‫@‪a@ a‬‬
‫ل‬
‫‪L L L L‬‬
‫א ‪ I6‬א ‪I6‬‬
‫ع‬
‫‪I6‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪I6‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫‪ LM $‬א‪$9‬‬
‫א‪%‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫; "\‬
‫;@א‪5‬‬ ‫א ‪1‬א ?‪7‬אو‬
‫;‪Q‬‬
‫א‪$‬‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫‪8- $‬‬ ‫*א \"‪5;$‬א ‪42$‬‬
‫‪97‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪\"#‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫א \"‪5;$‬א ‪8- $‬‬

‫א‪7‬‬
‫"\ א * ‪. F‬‬
‫‪RS$9‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫; "\ د א‪%‬‬
‫א‬
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫‪98‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪99‬‬
‫‪RS$9‬‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪=-‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪T‬‬

‫; "\‬
‫א ‪1‬א ?‪7‬אو ;@א‪5‬‬
‫"\ א * ‪. F‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫א‪7‬‬
‫‪ LM $‬א‪$9‬‬
RS$9
‫ـ‬
RS$9
‫א ‪\"#$‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫; "\ د א‪%‬‬
‫א‬
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫‪19‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫א‬
‫ود א‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪101‬‬
‫א‪%‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫; "\‬

‫א‬
‫د‬
4
20
P
\"#$ ‫א‬ ‫د‬% ‫א‬
@‫א‬
D U\" ‫ א‬. *!V‫ א‬%!*

42$*
. F * ‫"\ א‬
Q;
RS$9
100
.
7‫א‬
@‫ א‬D U\" ‫ א‬. *!V‫ א‬%!*
RS$9
\"#$ ‫א‬
$9‫ א‬LM $
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪103‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ود א‬
‫*!‪ %‬א‪. *!V‬‬
‫‪21‬‬
‫א‪%‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫; "\‬
‫;@א‪5‬‬ ‫א ‪1‬א ?‪7‬אو‬
\"#$ ‫א‬
Q;
P
42$*
%!* RS$9
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬ ‫; "\‬
‫א‬
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬

‫د א‬
‫א‬
‫د א‬
‫א‬
‫ود א‬
‫א‪. *!V‬‬
‫‪102‬‬
‫א‪RS$97‬‬ ‫‪$9 LM‬א‬ ‫‪$‬‬

.
‫ـ‬
‫‪8- N $‬‬ ‫!א عא‬ ‫א‪J‬‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬ ‫"\‬ ‫<‬
‫‪104‬‬
‫‪23‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫)‬
‫(‬
‫!א‬ ‫‪1‬א‪J‬‬ ‫"\א א ! א‬
‫א‪! J‬و ؛عא‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ع‬
‫‪I6‬‬ ‫‪ I6‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫*‪F‬‬ ‫ج\"‪5 $‬‬
\
v;E ‫א‬v;E ‫א‬

F@, F@,
‫ع‬o 4‫ א‬o 4‫א‬

v;E ‫;א‬E ‫א‬
v
1
40
‫ـ‬
I6 ‫ א‬I6 ‫א‬
‫ ع‬o 4‫ אع‬o 4‫א‬
? 4‫א‬4 ? ‫א‬
?
? 4‫א‬4 ‫א‬
v
v6I ‫ א‬F@,6I ‫ א‬F@,
v6I ‫ א‬F@,v6I ‫ א‬F@,
‫ـ‬
L L L L
F@,F@,
a@ a@
‫ل‬;*A ;*A ‫א‬ ‫א‬
?'k4 'k4 ‫אو‬ ‫אو‬
a@a@
?'k4 ?'k4 ‫אو‬ ‫אو‬
\"Y
‫א ! א جذ‬
‫ل‬
‫ل‬ ;*A ;*A ‫אل‬ ‫א‬

12
1
‫‪1‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪123‬‬
‫א ! א ‪%‬אد‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪122‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫[ ‪ +C -M‬א ‪F-(Z0‬‬
‫ل‬
‫*) *"\‪DU‬‬
‫وووو‬
‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫‪ E$‬א‪,A‬د‪K‬‬ ‫‪ L‬א‪A‬א ود‬ ‫‪6J‬‬ ‫*‬ ‫‪ E$‬א‪,A‬د‪K‬‬ ‫‪ L‬א‪A‬א ود‬ ‫‪6J‬‬ ‫*‬
‫א א‬
‫د ‪,‬د‪,‬د ‪,‬د‪,‬‬
‫‪ E$‬א‪,A‬د‪K‬‬ ‫‪ L‬א‪A‬א ود‬ ‫‪6J‬‬ ‫*‬ ‫‪ E$‬א‪,A‬د‪K‬‬ ‫‪ L‬א‪A‬א ود‬ ‫‪6J‬‬ ‫*‬
$8J
$8J
$8J
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Transformational leadership behaviours and Its
Effect on Oganizational Innovation
ABSTRACT
Shareef Ahmad Hasan Abbas
Companies
An Applied Study on Jordanian Human Pharmaceutical Industrial
Supervised by:
Prepared by:
Shabah Hameed Aga
Dr.
statistical differences employee’s perspective to transformational leadership behaviours
In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher designed a

Industrial Companies.
The study aimed to revealing the Impact of Transformational leadership
behaviours on Oganizational Innovation; in addition to investigating the significant
due to personal and functional characteristics in Jordanian Human Pharmaceutical
analyze and examine the hypotheses. The study sample consists of (

)
questionnaire consisting of
(
paragraphs to gather the primary information from
study sample. The statistical package for social sciences (
55
100
SPSS
) program was used to
) individuals from
the mid level Employess in Jordanian Human Pharmaceutical Industrial Companies.
‫س‬
hypotheses; the sudy concluded that:
The study used many statistical methods. After executing the analysis to study
Industrial Companies was high.

The Transformational leadership behaviours level in Jordanian Human Pharmaceutical
1.
There is a significant statistical impact of Transformational leadership behaviours on
organizational performance variables in Jordanian Human Pharmaceutical Industrial
4.
Companies was high.

The Innovation Abilities level in Jordanian Human Pharmaceutical Industrial
3.
2.
The Adoption of Innovation level in Jordanian Human Pharmaceutical Industrial

Companies was median.
Companies at level (
5.
behaviours due to (Age; educational level; experience in the current job and
0.05
experience in Jordanian Human Pharmaceutical Industrial Companies at level (

There is no significant statistical difference in employee’s perspective in Jordanian
).
Human Pharmaceutical Industrial Companies to Transformational leadership
0.05
).
level (
6.
There is significant statistical difference in employee’s perspective in Jordanian

behaviours due to job in Jordanian Human Pharmaceutical Industrial Companies at
).
Human Pharmaceutical Industrial Companies to Transformational leadership
0.05
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f# ‫אو‬
N
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:
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6
!g k z ‫ و‬-
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‫‪1‬‬
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‫א‪ K ;4‬א‪K ;4‬‬

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‫א‬
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‫ود א‬
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‫دو ‪7‬אدو ‪7‬א‬
‫‪WWWW‬‬
‫دو ‪7‬א دو ‪7‬א‬
‫‪K ?W‬‬ ‫‪ K ?W‬א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪K ?W‬‬ ‫‪ K ?W‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫‪WWWW‬‬
‫א ! א ز ?^ ‪ $2 [\ .‬א א‬
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‫‪1‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪2009‬‬
‫‪E$‬‬ ‫א دو ‪7‬א‬ ‫‪E$‬‬ ‫א دو ‪7‬א‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪E$‬‬ ‫א دو ‪7‬א‬ ‫‪E$‬‬ ‫א دو ‪7‬א‬
‫د‬
‫א‪1‬א‬
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‫א‬
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‫‪B‬‬ ‫א دو ‪7‬א‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫א دو ‪7‬א‬
‫‪-$‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪ q ! 1‬א‪7‬‬
‫)‬
‫(‬
‫‪1991‬‬
‫(‬
‫)‬
‫(‬
‫א‪! J‬א عא ‪8- N $‬‬
‫‪42$w i $‬‬
- 1‫و‬
Avolio, et..al,
/
2010
/
12
8‫؛‬ B54 ‫<א‬C$ ‫א‬
)
‫‪2‬‬ ‫و‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫א دو ‪7‬א‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫א دو ‪7‬א‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א‪42$‬‬ ‫\"‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬ ‫*‬ ‫‪fg‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪!-$‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫א‬
‫‪WWWW‬‬
‫‪Rafferty & Griffin,‬‬
‫‪2004‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫(‬
‫(‬
‫"\א‪1‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫!!‬ ‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א אد‬ ‫!! ‪g‬‬ ‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א אد‬ ‫‪g‬‬
‫!!‬ ‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א אد‬ ‫!! ‪g‬‬ ‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א אد‬ ‫‪g‬‬

‫)‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪W WW W‬‬
‫א‬ ‫א א ! א‪! J‬‬
‫(‬
‫אو‪)-?$5‬‬
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‫א ‪E‬وא‪،t‬‬
‫‪F(-$‬‬ ‫אو ؛‬
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(D ‫א‬
‫א‪$ 7‬‬
‫و‬
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‫=‬ ‫م *) [‬
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‫و‬
‫‪2000‬‬
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‫‪i`- $‬‬ ‫א _^ ج‬ ‫? ` ‪`$K‬‬ ‫"\‬
‫א‪ $ *= * *`42$‬م‬
‫‪*! v‬‬ ‫ً‪ ،‬ل @א ‪1( 6‬‬ ‫?‬
4<C$ ‫ א‬v ‫د‬
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! ‫א‬ vo‫"\א‬
v
g . ‫;ن‬
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‫‪?#‬‬ ‫‪1‬و * \; و‬ ‫א =(‬
‫‪<C`$‬א `* ‪? `Z4‬‬ ‫א لد‬ ‫`‬ ‫‪$‬‬
?b ` ‫אن‬ f` g ،v
10
i`
-$o7‫אو‬
;
‫א ! א‪J‬‬ ‫ً א‬ ‫?‬
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‫ل\" `@א ن‬ ‫`‪k‬‬ ‫ذو \" ` א‬ ‫‪¢‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪F-M‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪ ، m 5‬אوو‪\do‬‬ ‫א د\"‬ ‫*!‬ ‫\‬
‫‪o‬‬
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‫א‬
‫‪\" `/‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل\" @א ن‪`[\" * t `do‬‬ ‫א\"* نود `‬
‫‪= 08‬‬ ‫‪(*J ? v‬‬
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‫ذ‬
‫א‪*\" 5‬‬
‫`‬ ‫א א ` א ! אو ?\"`‪#‬‬ ‫`! *`)‬
! ‫א‬ A`] ‫ن‬
1
\[\" ‫ א‬f g )*
‫א‬ ‫‪u .‬ل ‪n‬‬ ‫‪\" / fg‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫אو‪vo‬‬
‫]`‪?z‬‬ ‫م!`‪ ` £‬א د `‪5‬א‬ ‫‪)` Q $‬‬ ‫אو‬ ‫א ! א‪!dl‬‬ ‫אو \[\" א _^ ج ‪¤$‬‬ ‫?‪?z‬‬
‫‪!g‬‬ ‫[‬
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‫‪2‬‬
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‫‪.‬‬
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‫‪:‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
w [\" 5‫א‬ "\ ‫אو‬ ¢ Eo\"
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‫دوא‬
‫א د‪$ 7‬‬ ‫‪$‬‬
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‫‪3‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
2{ 4‫א‬
v
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‫‪1‬‬
‫!!‬ ‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א جذ } !! א‪,‬‬ ‫א جذ‬ ‫}‬

‫!!‬ ‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א جذ } !! א‪,‬‬ ‫} א جذ‬
‫(‬
‫‪W WW W‬‬
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et..al,
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Intellectual stimulation
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1991: 13
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2006: 6
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1998: 515
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Innovation Abilities
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48
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!-$
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`m‫`!* و‬
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Bass
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v`` i`` T
(D ‫א‬
% B$ 7‫א‬
‫؛‬
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‫م‬ `-$]
Idealized Influence
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire
R`
‫; "\‪ A‬د א‪ t‬و]`"\ *`‬ ‫א =*א\" س‬ ‫?‬
*‫و‬
7‫אو‬
1 ‫دא‬ `
Motivation
16
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‫)‬
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Avolio, et..al,
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1991: 12
Avolio, et..al,
1994: 1564
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1999
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Kent, et..al
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Hetland & Sandal
2003
‫؛‬E D#$ ‫א؛‬
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2004
Judge & Piccolo
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Piccolo & Colquitt

(D ‫א‬
2006
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Kotter & Heskett,
1996
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Wheelen & Hunger,
2008
HP
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Lawrence & Lorschs,
( ‫؛‬
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‫‪1961‬‬
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1967
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)
v`
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Drazin & Schoonhoven
‫و‬
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‫ `!عא‬J‫` א‬
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‫(‬
‫‪1996: 1066‬‬
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1999: 647
Currie
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1998: 169
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Process Innovation
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Sequential Product Development Approach
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1999: 286
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1996: 1066
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‫‪Berthon,et..al‬‬
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1998: 78
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1997: 548
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Henderson & Clark
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341
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Architectural Innovation
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Davenport
,
1993: 24
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(
1994: 582
,
Scott & Bruce
)
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(
1996: 661
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Schermerhorn
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Schermerhorn, J.R., (1996), “
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Source:
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Management and Organizational Behavior
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Kotler & Armstrong
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Kuratko & Welsch
l‫ א‬d Q}
,
2001: 153 - 156
40
Background or Knowledge Accumulation

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)
Tichy & Devanna
, 1986
(
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,1992
)
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transformational leadership and organizational culture
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Multifactor Leadership
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Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work
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Chen, et..al,
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Jung, et..al
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The Two Faces of Transformational Leadership:
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Transformational and Transactional Leadership
Enabling (Disabling) Knowledge Acquisition of Self Managed Teams: The Consequences
2002
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‫‪F‬‬ ‫א ! א‪\"o‬د ‪[S‬‬ ‫و)‬ ‫‪LM $‬‬
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Parry & Thomson,
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‫نא‬ B
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Leadership, Culture and Performance:
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The Case of the New Zealand Public Sector
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Multifactor Leadership
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Craig & Gustafson, 1998
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Questionnaire
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1345
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Strategies used by Followers
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Influencing the Transformational Leadership:
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‫א‬ , $ ha 6' ‫ א‬v K $ ‫א‬ ?_k? %? ?
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‫א‪? B4,‬‬ ‫ل ‪67‬א ‪,‬د ‪?6‬و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א אود‬ ‫ل ‪67‬א ‪,‬د ‪?6‬و א‪? B4,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א אود‬
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‫א‪ T B4‬א '‪ a 6‬א‪ ? P &4‬א‪ T B4‬א '‪ a 6‬א‪? P &4‬‬

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‫د א‬ ‫`‬
‫ود א‬ ‫`‬
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‫‪v` - C‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
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‫‪-$u‬‬
‫א!א‬
‫אو ‪.‬‬
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‫‪Z‬‬ ‫و א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪L ?Z‬‬ ‫و א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫? ‪L‬‬

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‫‪Z‬‬ ‫و א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪L ?Z‬‬ ‫و א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫? ‪L‬‬

‫‪W W W W‬‬
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‫لو‬ ‫‪!o‬‬
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‫א‪ B3?&4‬א‪B3?&4‬‬
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‫א‪ K $ :‬א ‪K $ :‬‬
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‫‪-$‬‬ ‫אد‪0‬‬ ‫אو! א‬
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‫אאאא‬
‫א‪ K $ :‬א‪K $ :‬‬

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‫א‪ B3?&4‬א‪B3?&4‬‬
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‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪F‬א‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪F‬א‬

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‫אאאא‬
‫א‪ K $ :‬א‪K $ :‬‬

‫א‪ K $ :‬א ‪K $ :‬‬
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6
6
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‫‪39‬‬
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‫‪51‬‬
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‫‪41.7‬‬
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‫‪25‬‬
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‫‪23.3‬‬
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‫‪1.7‬‬
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53.33
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52
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vB ‫א‬ B $[v B ‫א‬ B $[
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‫‪ E$‬א‪A‬א ود ‪E$‬‬ ‫ود‬ ‫א‪A‬א‬
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‫‪18.3‬‬
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‫‪11.67‬‬
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‫‪10‬‬
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‫א‪7‬‬ ‫‪7‬א‬
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‫‪26.67‬‬
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‫‪15‬‬
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‫‪15‬‬
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‫א لو‬‫‪!l‬‬
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‫‪4‬‬
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‫‪42$w‬‬
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‫‪91.67‬‬
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‫א‪? B4,‬‬ ‫ل ‪67‬א ‪,‬د ‪?6‬و‬ ‫א אود א‬ ‫א‪? B4,‬‬ ‫ل ‪67‬א ‪,‬د ‪?6‬و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א אود‬
‫‪W WW W‬‬
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‫א ` ل\" @א ض ‪2‬‬
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‫ل‬ ‫*) ‪S9‬‬ ‫‪1‬א ‪ !23‬א‬ ‫א!א‬ ‫‪?M V i $‬‬

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‫)‬
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‫`‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د ` א‬ ‫; "\‬
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‫*א‪42$‬‬
‫?‪)-‬‬
‫‪! J‬א عא ‪8- N $‬‬

‫‪i $‬‬
‫*א‪42$‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫;‪ c‬א ‪B‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪:‬‬
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‫‪2‬‬
‫א‪f B‬‬
‫א ;‪c‬‬
‫س` א‬ ‫`\ ` "\&‬
‫א‪8 -V‬‬
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‫א‬
‫א@‬
‫א ! א ن?‪، 1‬س א‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪\" $‬‬
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‫ل‬
‫س\"‪[ * -‬אو _^ ‪5 .‬א‪،‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬ ‫;‪!b$‬‬
‫א‪ ‬א = م‬
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‫)‬
‫! ‪5;$‬א‬ ‫س *‬
‫‪?` $‬‬ ‫*;‪g \"$‬‬
‫אو א‪42$5‬א‬
‫;‪ D$‬د * ‪6 . d‬‬
‫ و‬،ً D
‫ً و‬
‫‪ #/‬א ‪\"Y‬אو جذ ‪<^ m D‬‬
‫א‪!`` J‬א عא ‪``- N $‬אو ‪)-?``$58،‬‬
‫و]``"\‬
‫א !` א ‪1‬א‬ ‫``"\‬
‫و‬
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‫‪.‬‬
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‫و‪،‬‬
‫‪E D#$‬‬
‫و א‪،‬‬
‫`‬
(D ‫א‬
،
،
)``* =``
‫د‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫א‬
‫و‪،‬‬
‫א‪% B$ 7‬‬
‫א‪$ 7‬‬
‫و‬
‫‪،L‬‬ ‫!!‬ ‫א ‪4!! {2‬א‬
‫‪)-?$‬‬
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.
0‫א‬Eo <S<
1
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(
.
)
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2
.
62
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‫و‪،‬‬
‫א ‪`-‬‬
‫אو‪-?$5‬‬
‫`‬
‫`‬
‫ود א‬ ‫`‬
‫*`!‪ %‬א‪ . `*!V‬א "\‪`D U‬‬

‫؛ ` @א‬
‫*`!‪ %‬א‪. `*!V‬‬
‫د א‬
‫א‬
‫و‬
‫و‬
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‫و‪،‬‬
‫[ =‬ ‫ً س ‪5‬א ?‪/#‬و ‪% / } ،‬د ^و‬ ‫‪$‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫و ًא‪،ً n‬‬
‫א‬
‫!?‬ ‫ً و‬
‫‪\"2 c (#$‬‬ ‫א ?ز‬ ‫‪$o‬‬
‫א !* ?وא‪7‬‬
‫‪% 1‬‬
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‫س ‪5‬א ن‬
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‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪55‬‬
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‫ً‪،‬‬ ‫‪ m^ ،v‬و ‪1z`g1‬‬
‫א ‪1‬‬ ‫=‪.‬‬
‫!‬
‫‪5‬א‪ o‬א‪0‬‬ ‫א! س‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫א‬‫‪$‬‬
‫‪!1‬‬ ‫ذ ‪5‬‬ ‫‪x$‬‬
‫و‬
‫)‬
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‫א‬
‫س ‪5‬א ن و‬
‫(‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫‪ :‬אو‪E ?N‬‬
‫אو‪?N‬‬
‫‪−‬‬
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‫‪5‬‬
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‫‪10‬‬
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‫א ‪1‬‬
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‫‪7‬‬
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‫‪cm‬‬
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‫‪،‬و‬
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m 1‫ א ! א‬، ‫ و‬R‫ ]!א‬c !
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‫ و‬، d - ‫ و‬، ?\"j f g )* ،8M gJ‫ א‬$# = ‫ א‬Q 6$
q‫ و‬،
\" -( ‫א‬
% $
‫א‬
.
dM‫ א‬o^ )* R!?‫א‬
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(
? P &4‫ א‬a 6':‫ א‬T B4‫ ? א‬P &4‫ א‬a 6':‫ א‬T B4‫א‬
7
)
‫ـ‬
W W W W
:
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D$
=* *
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‫دא ‪1 1‬א\"* !* ‪5 1‬‬ ‫א!א‬
‫א‬
‫א‪$ 7‬‬
‫‪= #$‬‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬
‫‪\"Y‬و א ! א جذ‪m 1‬‬ ‫א ض ‪$92‬‬
‫א‬l *‫ و‬، M gJ‫א‬
-$o7‫"\א م‬ M gJ‫א م‬E@‫ א‬L*
!b$ ‫ א‬q f g
‫مא‬
(
)
SPSS
Q
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‫א‬
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Cronbach Alpha
-
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(
)
Kolmogorov Smirnov
$9
8
.
ANOVA
:
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?
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!
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1 *‫א ! א‬ ‫و‬ ? ) oJ‫= א‬o )*
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‫‪!o‬لو ‪ = K‬א ‪$‬‬ ‫‪!b$‬‬
‫مא‬
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‫אو ? ;‪$5‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ = K‬א!?‪7‬א‬
‫א‪<،‬א‬
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‫[= *)‬
‫! ‪ o‬א‪?Db 5‬‬ ‫אن‬ ‫("\‬

‫و‪kz‬‬
‫–‬
‫‪2.33‬‬
‫‪64‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫א ‪%‬אد‬ ‫و ‪< )* i #$‬‬
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‫‪3.66‬‬
‫–‬
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‫و א‪ZJ $ ,‬‬ ‫א‬
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‫א‬
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‫‪ZJ $‬‬ ‫و א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ZJ $‬‬ ‫و א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬
‫אد ق ‪0‬د ق ‪0‬‬
‫‪W W W W‬‬
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cd
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%?V‫ *و‬# ‫א‬
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‫‪،‬‬ ‫; א‪\" _^ F-$ 5‬א م‪J‬אد ‪%‬‬
‫‪!$‬‬ ‫א ? ?א ‪0‬‬ ‫?‬
‫אس‬ ‫‪- t]N‬‬ ‫א ق! א‬ ‫‪ Q‬א ‪)* i #$‬‬
‫(‬
‫(‬
‫‪c‬‬ ‫אق‪6‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫אق‪6‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪c‬‬
‫‪c‬‬ ‫אق‪6‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪c‬‬ ‫אق‪6‬‬ ‫א‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫س א‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫و*"\‪\"m‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
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‫"\‪ y ، d# m‬א ‪ .‬دאز‪7‬‬
‫‪? \"?P‬‬
$ 70 ‫ *=א‬Ex ¥
‫ن‬
‫)‬
‫א‬ ‫;‬
‫‪\2‬‬ ‫‪،‬و‬
‫(‬
‫‪ Q‬א *`‬
‫‪fg‬‬ ‫אص‬ ‫و‪g‬‬

‫‪7‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫(‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪x$‬‬
‫(‬
‫א א‪,‬‬
‫אد ‪ $‬א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬
‫אد‬ ‫‪$‬‬
‫‪%‬‬
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‫‪7‬‬
‫‪k ?c‬‬
‫س ‪5‬א‬
‫; א! א ق‪ D 8 9‬س ‪5‬א א‪q f g ،‬‬
‫א !*‪7‬‬ ‫‪$9 o‬א ‪0‬א‬
‫‪fg‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ N‬א‪i# 5‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪،‬‬
‫(‬
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‫‪.‬‬
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‫(‬
‫א א‪,‬‬
‫אد ‪ $‬א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬
‫אد‬ ‫‪$‬‬
‫د‬ ‫\*‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬

‫‪ D‬د *) ‪% 1‬‬ ‫א ‪0‬אد ق‬ ‫;‬
‫‪ !-‬א‬
‫‪B !o‬‬
‫‪!$‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫دو‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫م‬ ‫\ *) ‪[ ، d[!/‬‬ ‫‪B$‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬אو‬ ‫[ ‪d‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪$‬‬
D ?
‫و &\" ن‬ ‫‪fg‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫א ‪5‬א =*א\" א‬ ‫?‬
$ 7‫]? א‬ ‫אن‬ =o )*
& ;P
Cronbach Alpha
Alpha
[! \"o‫*) !و م‬
‫א\"[ د‬
65
B 1 ‫ א دא‬o ‫د‬
=* * 1?‫ ن‬k z 1 m^ ،1 ‫א א‬5 ‫س‬ F k -$ ‫אو ط‬
74 ^_ ["\% ‫א‬
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.
c} ‫א و‬
Cronbach Alpha
7‫ א‬d D;
3() ‫ن‬
)* )(
.
;
‫אو ‪ %‬אد‪J‬‬ ‫‪J‬‬
‫א م\"‬ ‫א ?\"‪$5#‬‬ ‫א‬
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‫א‬
.
(
3
(
Alpha ≥ 0.60
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)
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‫‪Alpha‬‬
‫א لو‬‫‪!l‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ c‬א‪5‬‬ ‫? "\‬
‫א ص‬
‫ـ‬
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‫‪3‬‬
‫‪9 8‬א! א ق‪$ 7‬‬ ‫אد‬ ‫;‬
‫א‪7‬‬ ‫* *= <‬
‫? ‪D‬‬
‫و‬
‫)‬
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‫‪3‬‬
‫‪86.6‬‬
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‫‪I‬‬
‫)‬
‫@‬
‫‪B$‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫‪I‬د‬ ‫א‬
‫@‪F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‪, $ :‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫א عא א‬
‫‪,‬א א א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‪N‬‬
‫‪89.9‬‬
‫‪WI‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪88.5‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫א ‪~4? 2‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪89.1‬‬
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‫‪1‬‬
‫א‪, ~ :‬‬
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫‪82.8‬‬
‫‪85.9‬‬
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‫א‪v; K $ :‬‬
‫‪78.2‬‬
‫‪ ?$J‬عא א‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪i $‬‬
-1
‫א د‪$ 7‬‬ ‫ن‬ ‫< =* *‬
‫و‪` ً 1‬‬
‫‪2003‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ )* ??$‬א‪!`l‬‬
‫لو‬
fg
)
(
K
‫ــ‬
)
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(
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82.6
3
‫א ! א ضא‬ }i K % ‫אد א‬
ٍ‫ل‬ ` ` < =`* w * % \" %‫ אد א‬$? ?z] B ‫א‬ S* *
Sekaran,
‫ل‬ !
‫و‬
?` ` < =`* * ` ‫ن‬
(
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1‫`"\א‬$
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` ‫ א‬LM `$ ‫א‬ <
(*^ _^ 4
‫و]"\ *‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪8`- N $‬‬ ‫‪!J‬‬
‫א عא‬
‫(‬
‫`‪v‬‬
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‫‪.‬‬
‫! א א‪! J‬‬
‫א‬
‫دو‬
‫א‬
‫‪ I $‬א‪! J‬‬
‫عא‬
‫] ?‬
‫)‬
‫‪i` $‬‬
`* `*
89.9
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‫א ‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د `‬ ‫; "\‬
‫]`"\‬
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‫‪89.1‬‬
‫!‬
‫‪4<C$‬‬ ‫א‬
‫(‬
‫)‬
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،
E D#$ ‫א‬
8 B5‫א‬
-
(
88.5
v` g
` B `- [
`
‫‪±`g‬‬
‫دن‬
‫א‪% B$ 7‬‬
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‫‪i $‬‬
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S
`- 1
(
)
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‫‪.‬‬
‫‪82.8‬‬
(D ‫א‬
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d
.
78.2
66
‫‪ ??$‬ن [‬
fg
$
\
‫א‪42$5‬א‬ ‫‪ F‬ن‪n‬‬ ‫‪$‬‬
‫ز‬
‫"\‬
‫‪ ‬ط ]‪z‬א א‪$97‬‬
‫و‪ ،‬א!א‬ ‫‪m1‬‬ ‫‪ LM $‬א‪$9‬‬
‫‪ q ! 1‬א‪ o‬א ‪0‬א‪$9‬‬ ‫א!א‬ ‫‪LM $‬‬
\"m\"* )* i #$ ‫א ضא‬ }
9
(
(
‫ـ‬
)
Kolmogorov -
W WW W
a 6' ‫ א‬v K $ ‫א‬ ?_k? %? ?

‫א‬ , $ h‫א‬a 6' ‫ א‬v K $ ‫_? א‬k? %? ?
‫א‬ , $ h‫א‬
a 6' ‫ א‬v K $ ‫א‬ ?_k? %? ?
‫א‬ , $ h‫ א‬a 6' ‫ א‬v K $ ‫_? א‬k? %? ?
‫א‬ , $ h‫א‬
ً <?
![ ‫א‬ M gJ‫א‬
S(
Smirnov
5‫א ! א‬ *) ‫א‬
\" 9 )* i #$ k ‫ ذو‬،
)
3
.
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‫)‬
‫لو‬ ‫‪!o‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
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‫ـ‬
‫(‬
‫ط‬
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‫و ‪ $ ،‬אو ‪5;$‬א א ! א א‪42$‬‬
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k ‫ذ ?( و‬
8 42$5‫א ! א א‬
B $8 ‫א‬L ‫ز‬ ‫ א‬L$
‫د‬I ‫א‬
B $8 ‫א‬L ‫ز‬ ‫ א‬L$
2
2.933
0.116
3
0.092
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2.987
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:‫א‬
0.087
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Kolmogorov – Smirnov
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F@ ‫א‬
Sig.
2{ 4‫א‬
0.092
3.295
0.086
B $8 ‫א‬L ‫ز‬ ‫ א‬L$

B $8 ‫א‬L ‫ز‬ ‫ א‬L$
2.718
7
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‫א‬
‫‪1.253‬‬
‫‪B $8‬‬ ‫ز ‪L‬א‬ ‫‪ L$‬א‬

‫‪2.806‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪B $8‬‬ ‫ز ‪L‬א‬ ‫‪ L$‬א‬
‫;?‬ ‫א‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪WI‬‬ ‫א‬
‫وא‪F \g‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫א!אد‬
‫(‬
‫‪3.295‬‬
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‫)‬
‫)‬
‫א‬
‫א ‪5 $-! .‬א \"‪5;$‬א \"]و‪ l 5‬א‪ ?z? M gJ‬א !‬
‫‪Sekaran, 2003‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬
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‫(‬
‫? *)‬ ‫א =( ‪oJ8‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪,‬א א‬
0.058
B $8 ‫א‬L ‫ز‬ ‫ א‬L$
‫ز\"‪ $‬א‬ ‫;‪Q‬‬
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fg
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8
G
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1.119
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67
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‫א د‪$ 7‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫نو‬
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‫عא‬ ‫‪ I‬א‪! J‬‬ ‫‪$‬‬

‫و‬
‫‪F(-$‬‬
‫‪1.119‬‬
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d - 1 4<C$ 4 ‫;א‬D
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‫‪.‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫אو ‪tz‬‬
‫‪5;$‬א ‪، $‬‬ ‫אو‬
‫א ! א א‪42$‬‬‫א ط‪* F ! l‬‬
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‫א‬
‫א‬‫و]‪z‬‬
‫‪68‬‬
pbîš‹?Ua@Šbjn‚aë@?îUznUa@w?bn?pbîš‹?
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pbîš‹?Ua@Šbjn‚aë@?îUznUa@w?bn?bîš‹?
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(
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‫א‪4‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q %‬‬ ‫א‪,‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ;‪c,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫א א‪ ,‬ز‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q %‬‬ ‫א‪,‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ;‪c,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ز‬ ‫א‬
‫ـ‬
‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q %‬‬ ‫א‪,‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ;‪c,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫א א‪ ,‬ز‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q %‬‬ ‫א‪,‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ;‪c,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ز‬ ‫א‬
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‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫(‬
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W WW W
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D z] R!d
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‫` "\ א ‪%‬د ` א ‪\"#$‬‬
‫‪\"`g‬ل‬
‫א ‪ `¢‬مא‬ ‫‪ LM $‬א `‪!b$‬‬
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‫א ! א دא ‪` 1‬‬
‫*) ‪S9‬ل ‪ ? = K‬א‪0‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬
$ 7‫ א‬d
1‫ز‬
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‫لوא‬ ‫` ‪ ،‬و‪ q‬א `‪!b$‬‬
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‫‪($‬‬ ‫א‬
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‫‪Q %‬‬ ‫א‪,‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ L‬א א ;‪c,‬‬ ‫ز‬ ‫‪ Q %‬א‬ ‫א‪,‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ L‬א א ;‪c,‬‬ ‫ز‬ ‫א‬
‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬

‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‪o N , $ h,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪o N , $ h‬‬
‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‪o N , $ h,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪o N , $ h‬‬
‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬
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‫(‬
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‫‪4‬‬
‫‪W WW W‬‬
‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q %‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ;‪c,‬‬ ‫א‬‫‪L‬‬ ‫א א‪ ,‬ز‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q %‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ L‬א א ;‪c,‬‬ ‫ز‬ ‫א‬
‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q %‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א ;‪c,‬‬ ‫‪L‬א‬ ‫א א‪ ,‬ز‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪Q %‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ L‬א א ;‪c,‬‬ ‫ز‬ ‫א‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫&‪S‬א لא‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫&‪S‬א لא‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ E$‬א‪A‬א ود‪,A‬د‪ K‬א ‪E$‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪A‬א ود‪,A‬د‪K‬‬

‫‪L 6J‬‬ ‫‪*1??B‬‬ ‫‪ p‬א ‪4 %‬א‬ ‫‪L 6J‬‬ ‫‪*1??B‬‬ ‫‪ p‬א ‪4 %‬א‬
‫؟؟؟؟‬
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‫‪L 6J‬‬ ‫‪*1??B‬‬ ‫‪ p‬א ‪4 %‬א‬ ‫‪L 6J‬‬ ‫‪*1??B‬‬ ‫‪ p‬א ‪4 %‬א‬
‫א ‪~4? 2‬‬ ‫א?‬ ‫~‪4‬א ‪? 2‬‬ ‫?א‬

‫? ‪ J p‬א‪N‬‬ ‫? ‪ J p‬א‪N‬‬
‫א ‪~4? 2‬‬ ‫א?‬ ‫~‪4‬א ‪? 2‬‬ ‫?א‬
‫‪W W W W‬‬
‫? ? ? ‪ J p‬א ‪ J p ? ? ? N‬א‪N‬‬
‫א‪ A‬א‪ A‬א‪ A‬א ‪A‬‬
‫لو لو لو لو‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫&‪S‬א لא‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫&‪S‬א لא‬ ‫א‬

‫א ‪I‬‬
‫‪! ? j\" f! aW? i!' $‬‬ ‫&‪S‬א م !@ لא‬
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‫&‪S‬א لא &‪S‬لא‬ ‫א‬

‫&‪S‬אلא &‪S‬لא‬ ‫א‬
‫‪E!$‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪A‬א ود‪,A‬د‪K‬‬ ‫‪E!$‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪A‬א ود‪,A‬د‪K‬‬
‫‪L 6J‬‬ ‫‪*1??B‬‬ ‫‪ p‬א ‪4 %‬א‬ ‫א‬

‫د‬
‫א‬ N‫ א‬J p ? ? L 6J *1??B ‫א‬4 % ‫ א‬p ‫א‬
‫د‬
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‫א‪A‬‬
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‫!‬ ‫!=א א‬
‫‪E!$‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ E!$‬א‪A‬א ود‪,A‬د‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‪A‬א ود‪,A‬د‪K‬‬
‫؟ ؟؟ ؟‬
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‫‪L 6J‬‬ ‫‪*1??B‬‬ ‫‪ p‬א ‪4 %‬א‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ N‫ א‬J p ? ?L 6J *1??B ‫א‬4 % ‫ א‬p ‫א‬
‫د‬
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‫א ‪:‬א ‪:‬א ‪:‬א‪:‬‬
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‫‪1‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫(‬
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‫و*;‪\"$‬‬
‫א‪5‬‬
‫@‪F‬‬ ‫א‬
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‫‪I‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‪C 4‬‬
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‫א‪c, B4‬‬
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‫ن ‪$‬א‬
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1
0.62
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‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪ k‬و "\‬
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‫‪4.37‬‬
‫א ‪ $‬א‪R‬‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪% ! k‬‬
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LIJ ?LIJ ?
LIJ ?IJ ?
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LIJ ?LIJ ?
k - ‫*( ن‬
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4.32
2
LIJ ?LIJ ?
0.73
LIJ ?IJ ?
k - ‫ *( ن‬. F * ‫א‬
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0.61
4.36
4.40
L
LIJ ?LIJ ?
4.19
1
5
v
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F* ‫א‬
‫‪ً9 * k‬‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א‬
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L
LIJ LIJ
LIJ IJ
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0.67
3
k - = 5( ‫ن‬ ‫א‬5;$
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‫? ‪LIJ ?IJ‬‬
‫‪3.83‬‬
‫‪0.45‬‬
‫‪ C‬و &‪7‬א‬ ‫&‪7‬א‪4‬‬ ‫‪C‬א‬ ‫א‪4‬‬

‫&‪7‬א‬ ‫&‪7‬א‪ C 4‬و‬ ‫א‪ C 4‬אو‬
‫و‬
‫א ?‪:‬אא ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪0.75‬‬
‫م‬
‫‪4.18‬‬
‫‪B‬م‬ ‫‪ c,‬א‬ ‫א‪ c, B4‬א ‪ B‬א‪B4‬‬

‫‪B‬م‬ ‫א‪ c, B4‬א ‪ B‬א م‪ c, B4‬א‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
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‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪k‬‬
‫‪ =-‬א‪!5‬‬
k - ‫ *( ن‬. F * ‫א‬
3.75
1.03
LIJ ?LIJ ?
LIJ ?IJ ?
6
0.71
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7
0 ‫אد א‬
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LIJ ?LIJ ?
LIJ ?IJ ?
71
fg ‫א‬
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‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫‪4.40‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪3.75‬‬
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‫و_ ‪8 ;g ? \"$w‬‬
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‫"\‪ A‬א ‪<C$‬א ‪8 B54‬‬ ‫‪1\"$‬‬
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‫‪4.18‬‬
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‫م א ‪@; 8‬א ? \"‪$5‬א‬
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‫א‬
‫א‪5‬‬
‫ن‬ ‫‪x$‬‬ ‫? ! ]‪z‬‬

‫אد‬
‫و‬
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‫? ‪ E‬א‪!5‬‬
‫‪% 1\ g -1‬‬
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‫و‪ i ¤ w‬אو \"‪ -‬א‪ %E 5‬א!‪5;$‬א ;‪ $ 1‬א*‬
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‫و‬
‫א ‪@; 8‬א ? \"‪$5‬א‪R‬‬ ‫א ?‪7‬אو م‬ ‫*‬
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‫‪0.61‬‬
‫‪? t‬‬
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‫א‬
‫*‪F‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪(*^ = D‬‬
‫لو?;‪5‬א‬
‫‪ =-‬א‪!5‬‬
‫א ?א ‪R‬‬
‫*‬
‫‪1.03‬‬
‫‪3.75‬‬
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‫‪ F $‬ن *;‪\"$‬‬
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‫ً‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫ن*‬
‫د א‬
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‫ود א‬
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‫‪!o‬אً ? ?‬
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t 5‫א‬
‫وم א‬
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‫د א‬
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LIJ ?LIJ ?
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3.75
LIJ ?IJ ?
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3.71
0.76
LIJ ?LIJ ?
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LIJ ?IJ ?
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LIJ ?IJ ?
LIJ ?LIJ ?
3.73
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0.87
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LIJ ?IJ ?
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LIJ ?LIJ ?
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‫? ‪ J p‬א‪N‬‬ ‫? ‪ J p‬א‪N‬‬
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‫‪H‬‬
‫‪ % D‬و*;‪\"$‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬א ‪]-‬و‬
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LIJ ?LIJ ?
LIJ ?IJ ?
LIJ ?LIJ ?
0.58
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4.25
C ?C ?
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LIJ ?IJ ?
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LIJ ?LIJ ?
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0.80
3.70
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8
F* ‫* א‬v*
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3.63
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L
LIJ ?LIJ ?
LIJ ?IJ ?
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0.68
R‫ ? ]!א‬m\"
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!5‫ א ص‬¤
F* =- ‫א‬
3.89
LIJ ?LIJ ?
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0.72
3.87
F * ‫א‬5;?‫[ لو‬ ‫א‬

!5‫א م‬ ¤
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6
LIJ ?IJ ?
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L
‫م‬B ‫ א‬c, B4‫ א م‬B ‫ א‬c, B4‫א‬
0.46
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23
LIJ ?LIJ ?
0.82
F * ‫*و‬ ‫? א‬ g ‫א‬5;?‫لو‬
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LIJ ?LIJ ?
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3.92
LIJ ?IJ ?
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4
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5 ،
F ? ;@‫א‬
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75
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‫א\"‪ $‬א ‪8‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫א‬‫א א ! א‪! J‬‬
‫א‪! J‬א‬
‫)‬
‫‪β‬‬
‫‪4<C`$‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ò‬‬ ‫د `‪2`\ [ -‬‬ ‫‪`-‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪0.287‬‬
‫‪0.287‬‬
‫‪0.078‬‬
‫א‪ \";Z‬אو ‪\2‬‬
‫``"\א א `! א ‪1‬א‪! J‬א ``‬
‫`` ‪ I‬א‪!`` J‬و عא‬
‫`` د‪)``* =`` . %‬‬
‫ز‬
F(-$`
F(-$`` ‫א‬
_^ t‫``?د‬
‫`"\א‪1‬‬
‫` ‪ I‬א‪!` J‬و عא‬
‫‪4<C$‬‬ ‫א‬
‫[‪-‬‬
‫‪0.250‬‬
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‫)‬
‫(`= *`)‬
‫"\‪ A‬א ‪F(-$‬‬

‫)‬
‫‪``-‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪0.078‬‬
‫‪93‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫(‬
‫)‬
‫(‬
‫)‬
‫‪0.643‬‬
‫א‬ ‫]‪z‬‬
‫* "\‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫א\"‪ $‬א‬

‫‪.‬‬
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‫و‬
0.250
F
0.643
( ،)
23.297
‫)‬
‫"\א א ! א ‪1‬א‪! J‬‬
‫א‬
‫‪4.935‬‬
‫≤‪α‬‬
‫)‬
‫(‬
‫‪0.05‬‬
‫`! *`;‪\"$‬‬ ‫אد ‪]8‬و‬
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‫‪4.00‬‬
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‫و عא‬ ‫‪ I‬א‪! J‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫‪F(-$‬‬
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‫‪!l‬‬
‫א و‬
‫?& ‪ p‬د‪:‬‬ ‫?& ‪ p‬د‪:‬‬
‫א א א א‬
‫(‬
‫د ‪3‬و ‪3‬و‬
‫‪2 ?J2 ?J‬‬
‫د ‪3‬ود ‪3‬و‬
‫د‬
‫‪2 ?J ?J‬‬
‫(‬
‫)‬
‫‪0.05‬‬
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‫א א א א‬
‫! ; ! ;?‬
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‫‪:‬د د !‪! :‬‬

‫?‪! B? ! B‬‬
‫?‪! B? ! B‬‬
‫?‬
‫א‬
‫א ‪m D ¢1‬‬
‫‪،‬و ‪v‬‬
‫‪`m D‬‬ ‫א ل\"`‬ ‫?! !‬
‫[ ‪ /#‬م‬
‫א‬ ‫و]‪z‬‬
‫א‪;* V‬‬
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‫!‬ ‫א‬ ‫=א ‪m D‬‬
‫و‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫א‬
‫~‪K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪&a‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪,‬א‬ ‫!‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ !J‬א‪N‬‬ ‫‪,‬א ‪ ?$!J‬؛عא ! א‬ ‫!‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ !J‬א‪N‬‬ ‫‪ ?$!J‬؛عא ! א‬
‫!‬ ‫א عא ! א ! !‬ ‫א عא ! א‬ ‫!‬
‫!‬ ‫!‬ ‫א عא ! א !‬ ‫א عא ! א‬ ‫!‬
‫?‬
‫! ;? ! ;?‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫! ‪,‬א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ !J‬א‪N‬‬ ‫‪ ?$!J‬؛عא ! א‬ ‫‪,‬א‬ ‫!‬
‫א‬ N‫! א‬J ‫? ؛عא ! א‬$!J
)
)
+k h
:‫ د‬p &?
(
0.05
K
E!!$ !! K‫د‬,A‫א !! ود‬A‫ א‬L 6!!J
‫א‬ !!*
I? 6 ‫אو‬PE ‫ א‬FZ6a 6h
1 ? ? !!B ‫א‬
oI ‫א‬
, 6!!J 1
‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬
‫ذو‬
‫!! "\'!!‪a 6‬‬ ‫אد‬
‫‪ :‬א !!‪3‬‬
‫‪+k !!h‬‬
‫אد‬
‫"\‪!o‬‬
HO
، ‫د‬ t
$9‫אو‬
7
T
g ‫)א‬
‫‪$‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
.F* ‫א‬ \"
.
‫א‬ m D ‫? א‬z] $97
)
.
(
2-1
M g^
0.05
7‫د‬
:
:
$9‫!א مא‬b$ ‫ א‬q1 ،‫و‬ m1
RS$9^
‫ذو‬
= K
?³
_^ d- ;
q m D ‫? א‬z] $97
One Way ANOVA
!
\"o‫و‬
‫د‬
8
- ‫ و‬،%!g 1 m1= $97 F$ $;* F$
RS$9
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬ ‫; "\‬
‫א‬
‫א ‪-‬‬
‫א‪RS$9‬‬
‫*;‪\"$‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪14‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫)‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫א لو‬‫‪!l . ?m\"* \"] -‬‬
‫א ‪-‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪RS$9‬‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪،‬‬
‫א‪%‬‬ ‫د`‬ ‫`; "\‬
‫`‬ ‫א‬ ‫`‬
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫‪)`* i` #$‬‬
‫) א ‪ `g‬د‪t‬‬
` $ ‫ `= א‬K ‫!م‬b$`
94
41
%? v@
B ‫א‬
c,
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫א‪C 4‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫–‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫–‬
‫‪51‬‬
‫‪~ ?N‬‬
‫א‪&7‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫א‪C 4‬‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫)‬
‫لو‬ ‫‪!o‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪14‬‬
‫(‬
‫א‪&7‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫;@א‬ ‫و‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫א ‪42$‬‬‫‪* Q;g‬‬

‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬ ‫"\‬
‫א‪5‬‬
‫א ?‪7‬א‪1‬‬
‫א‪C 4‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫;‬
‫א‪C 4‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫‪0.35‬‬
‫‪3.96‬‬
‫‪3.92‬‬
‫א‪B4‬‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫‪0.41‬‬
‫‪0.35‬‬
‫‪4.00‬‬
‫א‪&7‬‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫א‪&7‬‬
‫‪0.52‬‬
‫א‬
‫‪3.89‬‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫`‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د ` א‬ ‫`; "\‬
‫‪t‬‬
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‫‪-‬‬ ‫א‬‫א ‪`?D‬‬
‫א@;‬
‫\ ! א‪x$;5‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪!l )* ??$‬‬
‫א لو‬
14
(
‫وذ‬
)
‫لو‬ !o
)
4
(
15
‫ـ‬
.
–
One Way ANOVA
!
40
Q;`g RS$`97‫א א‬z`] ` 71` ‫د‬
5‫و‬
‫א‬ )
$ ‫ =א‬K $9‫א‬0 ‫ א‬o^ q ، - *
42$ ‫א‬
t‫` د‬g
k ‫ذ‬F
‫‪30‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫)‬
‫لو‬ ‫אو‪!`l‬‬
‫ــ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪DF‬‬
‫א‪B 4‬‬
‫@‬
‫‪RS$9‬‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬
‫א‪7‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫א‬
‫ع‬ ‫? ‪?C‬‬
‫א‪7‬‬
‫?& ‪p‬‬
‫د‪3,‬‬
‫@‬
‫ع‬ ‫?‬
‫; "\‬
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‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪ LM $‬א‪$9‬‬
RS$9
0.189
10.604
MS
SOS
59
56
11.254
‫ع ?א‬
‫א‬
F
&u‫א‬
2.76
F
: ‫א‬
% $ 6 , ‫?א‬
‫ و‬T‫א‬
Sig.*
0.339
3
?‫? א‬
B 4‫א‬
0.217
?‫ א‬vh‫אد‬
1.144
0.650
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫‪95‬‬
‫≤‪α‬‬
‫(‬
‫!‪` 7‬‬ ‫אد ‪4‬‬ ‫}‬
‫א \"‪! *`;$‬‬
‫)‬
‫!‪7‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫*;‪\"$‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬
‫)‬
‫`; "\‬
‫`‬ ‫א‬ ‫`‬
‫د א‬ ‫`‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫لאد‬ ‫!و م‪\"o‬א د‪RS$`9‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫`!‬ ‫ً‬ ‫^‪M `g‬‬

‫‪ LM $‬א‪ . #m\"5‬א‪!l‬لو‬ ‫‪S9 )* F‬‬
‫אل‬ ‫‪$‬‬
0.05
RS$9
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬
‫א ‪-‬‬
‫‪2.76‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫)‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫(‬
‫א‪\";Z‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪1.144‬‬
‫≤‪α‬‬
‫\[‪-‬‬
fg
F
F
`2
)
(
(
`m D ‫`= א‬
v` ‫و‬
!l
‫א א ` و‬
`- [ `* `
5
)
(
\`2 -
)
`
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫?& ‪ p‬د‪:‬‬ ‫?& ‪ p‬د‪:‬‬
‫^‪M g‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪0.05‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬

‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬ ‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬
‫אد‬
‫ذو‬
‫א‬
‫"\‪!o‬‬
RS$9
:
7
HO
2-2
E!!$ ‫ !! א‬K‫د‬,A‫א !! ود‬A‫ א‬L 6!!J !!* 1 ? ? !!B 6 , ‫!!א‬J 1 E!!$ ‫א‬ !! K‫د‬,A‫א !! ود‬A‫ א‬L 6!!J
!!* 1 ? ? !!B 6 , ‫!!א‬J 1
!!* 1 ? ? !!B 6 , ‫!!א‬J 1
!! !! ‫אد אد‬
a 6!!'\" a 6!!'\"
!!3 :!!3 :
!!3 : !!3 :
?
‫אو‬
(
)
a 6!!'\" a 6!!'\"
:
:‫ د‬p &? :‫ د‬p &?
+k !!h‫א‬k !!h‫א‬
+k h ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬ ‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫א‬
‫!*‬ ‫א‬
‫!!‬ ‫אد!!‬ ‫אد‬
‫(‬
D ‫א‬
+ ‫ذذذذوووو‬
+k !!h‫א‬+k !!h‫א‬
` 7‫د‬
One Way ANOVA
`
\" *
8`- $ ‫א‬5`;$"\ ‫א‬
!`
\"$;`*
RS$9 ` `
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د ` א‬ ‫; "\‬
‫א‬
‫א‪%‬‬ ‫د`‬ ‫`; "\‬
‫`‬ ‫א‬ ‫`‬
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫(‬
‫א لو‬‫‪!l . ?m\"* \"] -‬‬

‫ـ‬
‫)‬
‫‪8- $‬‬ ‫א \"‪5;$‬א‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪،‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫א‪RS$9‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪0.05‬‬
‫و‪\"o‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪)`* i` #$‬‬
‫) א ‪ `g‬د‪t‬‬
` $ ‫ `= א‬K ‫!م‬b$` ‫א‬ m D ‫? א‬z]
$97
.
RS$9
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪96‬‬
‫لو‬ ‫‪!o‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪8- $‬‬ ‫א‬

‫ـ‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬ ‫; "\‬
‫(‬
‫א@‬
‫; و‬
‫א ?‪7‬א‪1‬‬
‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬
\"$;5‫א‬
42$* Q;
P
‫א‪5‬‬
‫‪3.90‬‬
‫نود‬ ‫‪N‬‬
‫?‬ ‫‪K‬‬
‫א‪ C 4‬א‪&7‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪p‬א‬ ‫א‪&4‬‬
‫‪0.33‬‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫س‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫;‬
‫‪3.93‬‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫‪0.40‬‬
‫א‪ C 4‬א‪&7‬‬
‫א‪ C 4‬א‪&7‬‬
‫‪4.04‬‬
‫א‪,‬د م د‬
‫? ‪L‬‬ ‫م د‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫‪0.40‬‬
‫א‪ C 4‬א‪&7‬‬
‫‪3.94‬‬
‫‪0.39‬‬
‫א@;‬
‫‪!l )* ??$‬‬
‫א لو‬
0.57
`
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د ` א‬ ‫`; "\‬
‫א‪ ,‬د<‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫א‪ C 4‬א‪&7‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫? ‪2 &3‬‬
‫א‪ C 4‬א‪&7‬‬
‫‪3.88‬‬
‫‪0.34‬‬
‫‪3.96‬‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫)‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫(‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪F‬ذ ‪k‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫د `‪z`] ` 71‬א א‪RS$`97‬‬
‫ــ‬
‫‪`P‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫"\‬
‫س‬
‫(` "\‬ ‫א‬ ‫*`) ? `‬
‫و‪5‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫\ ! א‪x$;5‬‬
‫;‪42$`* Q‬‬
‫א \"‪5;$‬א ‪8- $‬‬
‫) א ‪ g‬د‪t‬‬
$ ‫ =א‬K $9‫א‬0 ‫ א‬o^ q ،
One Way ANOVA
!`l‫אو‬
‫لو‬
4
)
97
8- $ ‫א‬5;$"\ ‫א‬
RS$9
\"#$ ‫د א‬% ‫א‬
‫ع‬ ?
% $ 6 , ‫?א‬
SOS
F
‫ع‬ ?C ?
B 4‫א‬
B 4‫א‬
3,‫د‬
MS
7‫א‬
DF
&u‫א‬
@
!o
‫لو‬
\" ;
‫א‬
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫)‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪RS$9‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫א‪7‬‬
‫‪$‬‬
$9‫ א‬LM
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫א‬
‫?& ‪p‬‬
‫‪2.76‬‬
‫‪0.475‬‬
‫א‬
‫‪59‬‬
‫‪11.254‬‬
‫ع ?א‬
‫‪0.920‬‬
‫‪0.883‬‬
‫‪0.177‬‬
‫א‪ T‬و‬
‫‪56‬‬
‫‪1.192‬‬
‫אد‪ vh‬א?‬
‫‪10.370‬‬
‫*‪Sig.‬‬
‫? א?‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫?‬
‫‬ ‫אو‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫(‬
‫)‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫א‬
‫(‬
‫)‬
‫‪0.920‬‬
‫)‬
‫)‬
‫‪2.76‬‬
‫‪`2‬‬ ‫‪!l‬‬
‫א א ` و‬
‫(‬
‫`=‬
‫`‪v‬‬ ‫و‬
‫`! *`;‪\"$‬‬ ‫`‬ ‫}`‬

‫אد ‪4‬‬
‫א !*‬ ‫א‪mD‬‬
‫* [‪-‬‬
5
\";Z‫א‬
\2 -
0.05
α≤
7! ‫א‬
-[\
fg
\" ;`
‫`‬ ‫א‬ ‫`‬
‫د א‬ ‫`‬
‫ود א‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫*‪F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫‪RS$9‬‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬
‫‪ LM $‬א‪!l . #m\"5‬‬
‫א لو‬ ‫‪S9 )* F‬‬
‫אل‬ ‫‪$‬‬
‫)‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪4‬‬
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‫`!‬ ‫ً‬ ‫^‪M `g‬‬ ‫لאد‬ ‫!و م‪\"o‬א د‪RS$`9‬‬
‫(‬
‫!‪7‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫*;‪\"$‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪0.05‬‬
‫(‬
‫)‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫≤‪α‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪8- $‬‬ ‫א \"‪5;$‬א‬
‫‪!!3 :!!3 :‬‬
‫‪!!3 : !!3 :‬‬
‫(‬
‫?& ‪ p‬د‪:‬‬ ‫?& ‪ p‬د‪:‬‬
‫"\'!!‪a 6!!'\" a 6‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫وذ وذ وذ وذ‬
‫אد אد!! !!‬
‫‪0.05‬‬
‫!!‬ ‫אد !!‬ ‫אد‬
‫)‬
‫א‪+k !!h‬א‪+k !!h‬‬
‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬ ‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬
‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬ ‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ &
a 6!!'\" a 6!!'\"
)
(
B ‫א‬p&4‫ א‬B ‫ א‬p &4‫א‬

B‫ א‬p &4‫ א‬B ‫ א‬p &4‫א‬
:‫ د‬p &? :‫ د‬p &?
!!* 1 ? ? !!B 6 , ‫!!א‬J 1
!!* 1 ? ? !!B 6 , ‫!!א‬J 1
+k !!h‫א‬k !!h‫א‬
98
M g^
RS$9
‫ذو‬
2-3
HO
‫אد‬
:
‫א‬
RS$`9
‫لאد‬
\"o‫ *) و‬i #$ F$
‫د‬
$;* F$
m D ‫? א‬z] $97
$9‫א‬
‫!م‬b$ ‫א‬
`
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪=-‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪T‬‬

‫(‬
‫‪RS$9‬‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬ ‫; "\‬
‫א‬
‫א‪%‬‬ ‫د`‬ ‫``; "\‬
‫``‬ ‫א‬ ‫``‬
‫د א‬ ‫``‬
‫ود א‬ ‫``‬
‫`` * ‪`` . F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫`` "\‬
‫!‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫^‪M ``g‬‬
‫‪T‬‬
‫*;‪\"$‬‬
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‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫د‪7‬‬
‫"\‪!o‬‬
7
\" *
0.05
!l . ?m\"* \"] -
‫א لو‬ ،
=- ‫א‬ T
18
RS$9
\"#$ ‫א‬
=- ‫א‬ T
RS$9
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬
‫(‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫(‬
‫لو‬ ‫‪!o‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪B‬د‬ ‫א‬
‫‪vB‬‬ ‫א‬
‫; "\‬
‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫‪ LM $‬א‪$9‬‬
.
7‫א‬
RS$9
0.33
C 4‫א‬
+‫א‬:? ‫א‬
B $[
‫א‬
&7‫א‬
c, B4‫א‬
T
&u‫א‬
‫ و‬T‫א‬
p &?
Sig.*
: ‫א‬
T
3.85
0.43
?N
8
4.09
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫"\אد‪c,‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬
‫‪52‬‬
‫‪4.591‬‬
‫‪1.645‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪=-‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪T‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫^‪M `g‬‬ ‫لאد‬ ‫א‪RS$`9‬‬
‫(‬
‫ــ‬
‫و‪\"ò‬‬
‫د‬
‫)‬
‫` ` ‪RS$9‬‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د ` א‬ ‫`; "\‬
‫א‬
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫‪T‬‬
‫‪ LM $‬א‪!l . #m\"5‬‬
‫א لو‬ ‫‪S9 )* F‬‬
‫אل‬ ‫‪$‬‬
18
)
α≤
0.05
-[\
‫‪fg‬‬
‫;"\‬
‫א‪Z‬‬
‫!‪7‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫! *;‪\"$‬‬
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‫(‬
‫)‬
‫)‬
‫(‬
‫?‬
‫‬ ‫אو‬
‫‪:‬‬
! ‫א‬ m D ‫=א‬
‫و‬
α
)
`- [ `* `
‫‪5‬‬
‫)‬
‫אد‬
‫! *;‪\"$‬‬
‫‪T‬‬
‫‪\`2‬‬ ‫‪`-‬‬
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‫(‬
‫(‬
‫‪4.591‬‬
‫)‬
‫(‬
‫‪`2‬‬ ‫א א ` و‬ ‫‪!l‬‬
‫(‬
‫`‪§ ` k‬‬ ‫ذو‬
‫‪1.645‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬
‫!*‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪mD‬‬ ‫א ‪¢1‬‬
D ‫א‬
≤
v ‫و‬
.
F
‫‪J‬‬
‫א אد‬
‫‪99‬‬
)
0.05
(
:‫ د‬p &? :‫ د‬p &?
B ‫א‬p &4‫ א‬B ‫ א‬p &4‫א‬

:‫ د‬p &? :‫ د‬p &?
`
‫د א‬
‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬

‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬ ‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫&‬
‫א‬
‫‪ B‬א‪ p &4‬א ‪B‬‬ ‫‪p‬א‬ ‫א‪&4‬‬
‫‪E!!$‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫!! ود‪,A‬د‪!! K‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪E!!$‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫!! ود‪,A‬د‪!! K‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫"\'!!‪a 6!!'\" a 6‬‬
‫‪ E!!$‬א !! ود‪,A‬د‪ !! K‬א ‪E!!$‬‬ ‫א !! ود‪,A‬د‪ !! K‬א‬
‫"\'!!‪a 6!!'\" a 6‬‬
‫‪ L 6!!J‬א‪A‬‬ ‫‪ L 6!!J‬א‪!!J 1‬א ‪!!* 1 ? ? !!B 6 ,‬‬ ‫‪!!J 1‬א ‪!!* 1 ? ? !!B 6 ,‬‬
‫‪ L 6!!J‬א‪A‬‬ ‫‪ L 6!!J‬א‪!!J 1 A‬א ‪!!* 1 ? ? !!B 6 ,‬‬ ‫‪!!J 1‬א ‪!!* 1 ? ? !!B 6 ,‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫ذذذذوووو‬
‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬

‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬ ‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬
‫!!‬ ‫אد!!‬ ‫אد‬
‫!!‬ ‫אد !!‬ ‫אد‬
‫د !!‪3‬و !!‪3‬و‬
‫א‪k !!h‬א‪+k !!h‬‬
‫א‪+k !!h‬א‪+k !!h‬‬
‫د !!‪3‬ود !!‪3‬و‬
\" *
` 7‫د‬
@‫ א‬D U\" ‫ א‬. *!V‫ א‬%!*
:
\"$;`*
0.05
RS$9
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬ ‫; "\‬
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)
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!o\"
‫אد‬
‫א‬
‫‪RS$9‬‬
‫ذو‬
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‫‪2-4‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ود א‬
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‫‪.‬‬
‫^‪M g‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪19‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪19‬‬
‫(‬
‫لو‬ ‫‪!o‬‬
‫*!‪ %‬א‪*!V‬‬
‫; "\ א ‪%‬د א ‪\"#$‬‬
‫‪42$* Q;g‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫א‪5‬‬
‫א ?‪7‬א‪1‬‬
‫(‬
‫;@א‬ ‫و‬
‫ـ‬
‫א لو‬‫‪!l . ?m\"* \"] -‬‬
‫*!‪ %‬א‪ . *!V‬א "\‪ D U‬א@‬

‫‪،‬‬
‫‪)`* i` #$‬‬
‫) א ‪ `g‬د‪t‬‬
` $ ‫ `= א‬K ‫!م‬b$` ‫א‬ m D ‫? א‬z] $97
4
)
One Way ANOVA
%‫א‬ `‫د‬ \" ;`
RS$9
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א‬
‫`‬ ‫א‬ ‫`‬
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫و‪\"o‬د‬
‫א‪RS$9‬‬
‫?‪%‬‬
‫?‪%‬‬
‫א‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫א‪&7‬‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫א‪&7‬‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫א‪&7‬‬
‫א‪&7‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫א‪C 4‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫א‪C 4‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫א‪C 4‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫א‪C 4‬‬
‫‪~ ?N‬‬
‫א? ? ‪1‬‬
‫?‬
‫@‪%? v‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫?‪%‬‬
‫@‪v‬‬
‫א‬
‫?‪I‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ .‬א "\‪ D U‬א@‬

‫ـ‬
‫א‬
‫א‪7‬‬
‫א‬
‫‪19‬‬
‫‪0.39‬‬
‫‪3.97‬‬
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫‪0.48‬‬
‫‪3.89‬‬
‫‪0.39‬‬
‫‪3.98‬‬
‫(‬
‫ـ‬
‫`‬
‫`; "\ א ‪%‬د ` א ‪\"#$‬‬
‫א@;‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫‪3.93‬‬
‫‪0.35‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫و‪5‬‬
‫א‬‫د `‪z`] ` 71‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫א‬ ‫!‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫\ ! א‪x$;5‬‬
‫?!‪%‬‬
‫)‬
‫*!‪ %‬א‪ . *!V‬א "\‪ D U‬א@ `‬

‫‪t‬‬
‫وذ‬
‫@!‪v‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪!l )* ??$‬‬
‫א لو‬
)
K ` $9‫א‬0 ‫` א‬o^ q ،
)
` $ ‫`= א‬
‫!لو‬l‫אو‬
RS$97‫א‬
`P
42$`* Q;
One Way ANOVA
.
k ‫ذ‬F
\" ;
‫א‬
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫א‪7‬‬
‫‪RS$9‬‬
‫‪ LM $‬א‪$9‬‬
.
` @‫` א‬D U\" ‫ א‬. `*!V‫ א‬%!`*
(
‫ـ‬
‫لو‬ !o
20
4
@‫ א‬D U\" ‫ א‬. *!V‫ א‬%!*
RS$9
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬
‫)‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ g‬د‪t‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪0.395‬‬
‫ع‬ ‫?‬
‫‪11.254‬‬
‫‪2.76‬‬
‫‪59‬‬
‫ع ?א‬
‫א‪B 4‬‬
‫‪56‬‬
‫‪0.757‬‬
‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬
0.233
0.197
11.020
?‫? א‬
0.078
% $ 6 , ‫?א‬
&u‫א‬
7‫א‬
3,‫د‬
Sig.*
p &?
: ‫א‬
DF
F
MS
‫ و‬T‫א‬
B 4‫א‬
‫ ? ع‬C
SOS
?
α≤
0.05
‫ـ‬
!l
‫א لو‬
)
@‫ א‬D U\" ‫ א‬. *!V‫ א‬%!*
!` ً M `g^ ‫ لאد‬RS$`9‫"\א د‬o‫!و م‬
(
. #m\"5‫ א‬LM $ ‫אل‬S9 )* F $

‫‪20‬‬
‫(‬
‫)‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪`2‬‬ ‫‪!l‬‬
‫א א ` و‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫`‬ ‫}`‬
‫אد ‪4‬‬
‫)‬
‫א‪\";`Z‬‬
‫\[‪-‬‬
fg
`- [ `*
5
\" ;`
‫`‬ ‫א‬ ‫`‬
‫د א‬ ‫`‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫‪\2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫(‬
‫(‬
‫!‪7‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫*;‪\"$‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫!‪7‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫! *;‪\"$‬‬
‫‪0.395‬‬
‫)‬
‫(‬
‫)‬
‫)‬
‫(‬
‫‪RS$9‬‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬
‫(‬
‫)‬
‫(‬
‫?& ‪ p‬د‪:‬‬ ‫?& ‪ p‬د‪:‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬
‫? ‪ I‬א‪7‬‬ ‫א ‪? ? 1‬א‬
‫?‬ ‫? ‪ I‬א‪7‬‬ ‫א ‪? ? 1‬א‬
‫?‬
‫?& ‪ p‬د‪:‬‬ ‫?& ‪ p‬د‪:‬‬
‫? ‪ I‬א‪7‬‬ ‫א ‪? ? 1‬א‬
‫?‬ ‫? ‪ I‬א‪7‬‬ ‫א ‪? ? 1‬א‬
‫?‬
‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬

‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬ ‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬
‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬ ‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
&
‫א‬
a 6!!'\" a 6!!'\"
2.76
!!* 1 ? ? !!B 6 , ‫!!א‬J 1
!! !! ‫אد אد‬
a 6!!'\" a 6!!'\"
:
(
?
‫אو‬
*! ‫א‬ m D ‫=א‬
v ‫و‬
F
)
‫‪D‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‪k !!h‬א‪+k !!h‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬
‫≤‪α‬‬
‫א‪+k !!h‬א‪+k !!h‬‬
‫‪!!3 :!!3 :‬‬
‫אد אد!! !!‬
‫‪ L 6!!J‬א‪A‬א !! ود‪,A‬د‪ !! K‬א ‪E!!$‬‬ ‫‪!!* 1 ? ? !!B‬‬ ‫‪!!J‬א ‪6 ,‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪E!!$‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ L 6!!J‬א‪A‬א !! ود‪,A‬د‪!! K‬‬
‫‪!!* 1 ? ? !!B‬‬ ‫‪!!J 1‬א ‪6 ,‬‬
‫‪!!3 : !!3 :‬‬
‫‪101‬‬
:
2-5
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‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫^‪M g‬‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬ ‫; "\‬
‫א‬
\" *
HO
‫א‬
‫אد‬
7
‫ذ و‬
RS$9
!o\"
‫א‪%‬‬ ‫د`‬ ‫`; "\‬
‫`‬ ‫א‬ ‫`‬
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
.F* ‫א‬ \"
.
RS$9‫א‬
‫د‬ \"o‫و‬
)`* i` #$
One Way ANOVA
t‫` د‬g ‫) א‬
` $ ‫ `= א‬K ‫!م‬b$` ‫א‬ m D ‫? א‬z] $97
\"$;*
.
0.05
7‫د‬
)
(
RS$9
`*!V‫ א‬%!*
‫د א‬
‫`‬ ‫א‬ ‫`‬
‫ود א‬ ‫`‬
‫‪` .‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪!o‬‬
‫لو‬
‫‪. ?`m\"* \"`] `-‬‬
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‫د א‬
‫א‬
‫ود א‬
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‫*!‪%‬‬
‫*!‪ %‬א‪*!V‬‬
‫‪RS$9‬‬
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4
‫د א‬
‫א‬
‫ود א‬
‫א‪. *!V‬‬
‫;‪42$* Q‬‬
‫‪21‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
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‫‪21‬‬
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‫א‪5‬‬
‫א ‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د‬ ‫; "\‬
‫א ?‪7‬א‪1‬‬
‫;@א‬ ‫و‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫?‪%‬‬
‫?‪%‬‬
‫א‬
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‫א ‪E$‬‬
‫א‪A‬ود‬
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‫א‬
‫א‪C 4‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫א‪C 4‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
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‫א‪C 4‬‬
‫א ?‪:‬א‪+‬‬
‫א‪C 4‬‬
‫א‬
‫?‪%‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫א‬
‫@‪%? v‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫‪L 6J‬‬ ‫*‬

‫א? ? ‪1‬‬
‫?‬
‫‪~ ?N‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫‪0.43‬‬
‫א‪&7‬‬
‫א‪&7‬‬
‫א‪&7‬‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‪c, B4‬‬
‫‪21‬‬
‫‪3.88‬‬
‫‪0.36‬‬
‫‪0.35‬‬
‫‪3.99‬‬
‫‪4.02‬‬
‫‪3.93‬‬
‫‪0.48‬‬
‫א‪&7‬‬
‫`‬
‫ود א‬ `
` .
P
42$* Q;
RS$97‫א‬
v!@
‫! א‬
.
5‫و‬
*!V‫ א‬%!*
*!V‫ א‬%!*
10
F
%!?
t
‫א‬ z] 71 ‫د‬
x$;5‫\ ! א‬
‫وذ‬
‫ــ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ـ‬
‫(‬
‫`‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د ` א‬ ‫`; "\‬
‫א@;‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫?‪%‬‬
‫د א‬
‫א‬
‫ود א‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪!l )* ??$‬‬
‫א لو‬
102
‫אو‪!`l‬‬
‫لو‬
‫د א‬
‫א‬
One Way ANOVA

(
t‫ د‬g ‫) א‬
‫‪= K‬א ‪$‬‬ ‫‪ o^ q‬א ‪0‬א‪$9‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫ــ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪F‬ذ ‪k‬‬
‫‪!o‬‬
‫لو‬
‫د א‬
‫א‬
‫ود א‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪RS$9‬‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬
‫)‬
‫*!‪ %‬א‪*!V‬‬
‫; "\‬
‫א‬
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫א‪7‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪ LM $‬א‪$9‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪RS$9‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د‪3,‬‬
‫א‪7‬‬
‫?‬ ‫ع‬
‫א‪B 4‬‬
‫?א ‪% $ 6 ,‬‬
‫?& ‪p‬‬
‫א‪B 4‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫ع‬ ‫? ‪?C‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫@‬
‫‪MS‬‬
‫@‬
‫‪59‬‬
‫‪11.254‬‬
‫ع ?א‬
‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬
56
0.187
10.463
0.790
Sig.*
?‫? א‬
&u‫א‬
‫ و‬T‫א‬
2.76
0.249
1.410
0.263
DF
SOS
(
`- [ \`
fg
‫د א‬
‫א‬
‫ود א‬
‫(‬
‫)‬
‫‪1.410‬‬
‫` *` [ ‪`-‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫)‬
‫≤‪α‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫‪\`2‬‬ ‫‪`-‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬
‫(‬
‫א‪\";Z‬‬
‫)‬
‫!‪7‬‬ ‫אد ‪4‬‬ ‫}‬
‫א \"‪! *;$‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪0.05‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫≤‪α‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫(‬
‫^‪!` ً M `g‬‬ ‫لאد‬ ‫!و م‪\"o‬א د‪RS$`9‬‬
‫*;‪ \"$‬א !‪7‬‬
‫(‬
‫`; "\‬
‫`‬ ‫א‬ ‫`‬
‫د א‬ ‫`‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫)‬
‫‪RS$9‬‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د‬
‫‪ LM $‬א‪!l . #m\"5‬‬
‫א لو‬ ‫‪S9 )* F‬‬
‫אل‬ ‫‪$‬‬
‫א‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫(‬
‫)‬
‫*!‪ %‬א‪. *!V‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬ ‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ &
:‫ د‬p &? :‫ د‬p &?

:‫ د‬p &? :‫ د‬p &?
0.05
(
! K‫د‬,A‫ א‬E!$ ‫א ود‬A‫ א‬L 6J * 1 ! K‫د‬,A‫ א‬E!$ ‫א ود‬A‫ א‬L 6J *1

! !
a 6!!'\" a 6!!'\"
! K‫د‬,A‫ א‬E!$ ‫א ود‬A‫ א‬L 6J *1 ! K ‫د‬,A‫ א‬E!$ ‫א ود‬A‫ א‬L 6J *1
? ?‫א‬
? ? ?‫א‬
?
!!* 1 ? ? !!B 6 , ‫!!א‬J 1
! !
+k h ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬ ‫‪+k h‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫&‬
‫א? ?‬
‫א? ? ?‬
‫?‬
‫)‬
‫(‬
‫!*‬ ‫א‬ ‫=א ‪m D‬‬
‫‪v‬‬ ‫و‬
‫א ‪D‬‬
‫?‬
‫אو ‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫‪2.76‬‬
‫"\'!!‪a 6!!'\" a 6‬‬

‫(‬
‫)‬
‫‪E!!$‬‬ ‫‪ L 6!!J‬א‪A‬א !! ود‪,A‬د‪ !! K‬א‬ ‫‪!!* 1 ? ? !!B‬‬ ‫‪!!J‬א ‪6 ,‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪E!!$‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ L 6!!J‬א‪A‬א !! ود‪,A‬د‪!! K‬‬
‫‪!!* 1 ? ? !!B‬‬ ‫‪!!J 1‬א ‪6 ,‬‬
‫א‪k !!h‬א‪+k !!h‬‬

‫‪!!3 :!!3 :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫א א و‬ ‫‪!l‬‬
‫‪!!3 : !!3 :‬‬
‫א‪+k !!h‬א‪+k !!h‬‬

‫!!‬ ‫אد !!‬ ‫אد‬

‫!!‬ ‫אد!!‬ ‫אد‬
‫‪103‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫(‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫)‬
‫)‬
‫‪23‬‬
‫‪8- N $‬‬ ‫א‪! J‬‬

‫א عא‬
‫)‬
‫(‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬ ‫"\‬
‫‪4<C‬‬
‫‪!o‬‬‫لو‬
‫"\א א ! א ‪1‬א‪! J‬א‬
‫א‪! J‬و ؛عא‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬ ‫"\‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪8`- N $‬‬ ‫א عא‬‫א‪! J‬‬
‫‪4<C‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫` ‪I‬‬
‫‪!l ?b‬‬
‫א لو‬
‫و‬
‫(‬
‫‪23‬‬
‫א ‪~4? 2‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‪, ~ :‬‬
‫‪ ?$J‬عא א‬
‫‪;I‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א عא א‬
‫(‬
‫א‬‫"\א א ! א ‪1‬א‪! J‬‬
‫‪ I‬א‪! J‬و ؛عא‬
‫‪,‬א א א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‪N‬‬
‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫ً‬ ‫?‪B‬‬ ‫لאد ‪2‬‬ ‫‪?J 3‬‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫‪K‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫?‪B‬‬ ‫لאد ‪2‬‬ ‫‪?J 3‬‬
‫‪WI‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‪, $ :‬‬
‫‪I‬د‬ ‫א‬
‫;?‬ ‫א‬
‫"\א א ! א ‪1‬א‪! J‬‬

‫א‬
‫‪ I‬א‪! J‬و ؛عא‬
‫‪(.‬‬
‫‪!l )* ??$‬‬
‫א لو‬
‫‪!` J4‬‬
‫عא‬ ‫`‪<C‬‬
‫א `‬
‫?‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬
‫‪v‬‬
! 8- N $ ‫א‬
)
\" ‫ ن‬1 ‫د‬ ?S C
104
@
÷
pbî–?nUaë@bî–?nUaë@
p
÷?b©a?b©a
÷?b©a÷?b©a
@
@?—???Ua?—???Ua
p@@@@@@@
pbubn?n?bubn?n?
@?“?b??@?“?b??
@ @ @ @@ @ @ @
@ üa üa üa üa
pbî–?nUaë@pbî–?nUaë@
pbubn?n?pbubn?n?
@?“?b???“?b??
@?—???Ua@?—???Ua
W WW W
)
1
W WW W
(
(
‫ـ‬
5
!!!!!!!!?
‫?!!!!!!!!א‪4‬‬
‫א‪4‬‬
‫?!!!!!!!!‬
‫?!!!!!!!! א‪4‬‬
‫א‪4‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫)‬
‫ـ‬
‫@ @ @ @@ @ @ @‬
‫‪W WW W‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫א ‪:‬א ‪:‬א ‪:‬א‪:‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫א ‪0‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫א ‪0‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫)‬
‫(‬
‫‪2‬‬
105
1 ?`
‫< א ! א ‪ )* n‬و ‪ $; ?7‬א[!*\‬
‫]`‪c‬‬ ‫ضא‬ ‫`‪$‬‬
‫?!!!!!!!!‬
‫?!!!!!!!! א‪4‬‬
4‫א‬
W WW W
!!!!!!!!?
‫?!!!!!!!!א‪4‬‬
4‫א‬
`-] F
1 )* = D ‫א א‬z] 6 C$ ،!/ 5‫? א‬z] 2$ 5 0
7‫= א‬o )*‫ً א‬، ‫"\و‬/
f`g ‫ `!? א‬$

o $ $` 7‫א‬
o $ $ 7‫א‬
\"]8، ‫ و‬- i K‫ و‬t (1 )
\"(
‫ و‬،t N
‫‪4;D‬‬
‫!م *) ‪ ،= K‬و‬
‫*‬ ‫א‪%! $;5‬‬
‫* ‪% 1 v ?$£‬‬
‫‪o$$‬‬
‫` ‪7‬‬ ‫א!א‬ ‫]`‪?z‬‬ ‫‪z‬‬
‫دא!` ^ ‪ .‬لو‬ ‫א‪ !dl‬א‪5‬‬
d
!
‫‪ = D‬א ‪tz‬‬ ‫]‪z‬‬
‫אא‬
‫א‪7‬‬
‫س‬ ‫'‬
‫)‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫(‬
‫و*`‬
‫و‪0\"`m .‬‬
‫א‪o $ $` 7‬‬
‫‪`/\"$‬‬ ‫א‪8‬‬
‫`‪C‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫`‪F‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪/\"$‬‬ ‫אو‬
‫‪W WW W‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫(‬
‫א ‪:‬א ‪:‬א ‪:‬א‪:‬‬

‫ـ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ً‪7‬‬
‫אو‪RS$97‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫א ! א א‪42$‬‬ ‫*‬
‫`‬
‫`‬
‫`*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‬
‫‪ A\" ` 1‬א ‪<C`$‬א ‪ `B54‬א !` ‪!`58‬‬
‫‪ ` ] fg‬א‪J‬‬ ‫א لو‬
‫` ‪%‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫‪!1‬‬
‫"\‬
‫א‬
‫*;‪\"$‬‬
‫ن‬
‫` א ‪4<C`$‬‬
‫"\‪%! _^ \ /‬‬
‫و‬
‫א‬
‫`‪o $ $‬‬
‫א ! א‪J‬‬ ‫אو‬ ‫]‪( * =g . \-‬‬

‫‪،‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪،‬و‬
‫‪ d‬و‪m 1‬‬
‫; ?‪7‬‬
‫)‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪¤‬‬
‫!‪ D3‬א‪1‬‬ ‫א א‪42$5‬א‬ ‫‪RS$‬‬
‫*;‪\"$‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ن و‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫א‪o $ $ 7‬‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫ن*‬
‫א‬
‫ود א‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫د א‬
?z] ‫^_ ز‬
A\" 1
ً D
*‫ن‬
‫د א‬
‫א‬
‫ود א‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫`‬
‫`*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‬
‫`! א‪!`5‬‬
‫د‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‪$ 7‬‬
‫`‬
‫ود א‬ ‫`‬
‫`‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫د א‬
‫א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‬
‫! א‪!5‬‬
‫א ‪(D‬‬
‫א‪% B$ 7‬‬
‫"\‪A‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫"\‬
‫א‬
‫"\‬
‫א‬
‫*;‪\"$‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫*‬
‫ن‬ ‫‪LM $‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪106‬‬
‫ن‬‫`‬
‫*;‪\"$‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ I‬א‪!` J‬‬
‫عא‬
‫و‪U‬‬
‫ن‬ ‫‪LM $‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪d‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫د א‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫`‬ ‫א‬ ‫`‬
‫ود א‬ ‫`‬
‫`‬
‫ً‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫*‬
‫`‬
‫د א‬
‫`‬ ‫א‬ ‫`‬
‫ود א‬ ‫`‬
‫`‬
‫ً‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫ن*‬
‫د א‬
‫א‬
‫ود א‬
‫*‪.F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫)‬

‫"\‪ A‬א ‪ ! F(-$‬א‪!5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ن و *;‪\"$‬‬
‫"\‬
‫א‬
‫)‬
‫‪ A\" ` 1‬א ‪ !` E` D#$‬א‪!`5‬‬
‫`"\‬
‫א‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫*`;‪\"$‬‬
‫א *‪.F‬‬
‫ن‪8‬‬‫‪ -‬א =` ‪ $#‬א‪M `gJ‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪S9 )* F‬‬
‫ل‬
‫و‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫عא‬ ‫` א‪!` J‬‬
‫‪ ` -$u‬و* ‪ `D‬د‪%‬‬
‫! *;‪ \"$‬د‪` 7‬‬
‫א‬
‫د א‬
‫ود א‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫``` ```= *```)‬ ‫אد‬ ‫‪```* i```D$‬‬
‫‪```x $‬‬ ‫א‬

‫`‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د ` א‬ ‫; "\‬
‫)‬
‫و]`‪?z‬‬
‫‪(.‬‬
‫‪8- N $‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪0.05‬‬
‫‪v‬‬
‫א‪42$‬‬ ‫‪w‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫*‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫د א‬
‫א‬
‫ود א‬
‫و‪\"o‬‬
‫د‬
‫`‬
\" *
` 7‫ د‬t‫ذ‬
. ‫ !א‬J‫א‬1 ‫"\א א ! א‬
\"$;* ‫ن‬
`
4<C
ً
7
-1
,2003
Jung, et..al
(
; ‫א‬5 # ‫ א‬z9 ‫ط‬

J‫[ א‬S 8 ^7 ‫ن‬-N 5‫ !א عא‬J ?
\"#$ ‫د א ن‬% ‫א‬ \
.
)
)
t ``` ‫א‬
،
( ‫؛‬
‫و‬
2001
( ‫؛‬
)
2004
‫و‬
Jaskyte,
Marloes, et..at
, 2008
)
[S A ] ‫ن \ אو‬
(
,2008
Sarros, et..al
)
%‫ د ` א‬F 4<C
‫وط‬
( ‫؛‬
‫א‬
‫و‬
` ‫א‬
` 1 ^_ ‫` א د‬mJ
.
.
9
8 ‫ !א‬J‫ א‬-= ‫ א‬A\" ]‫ د‬C
‫‪\"#‬‬
‫א‪$‬‬
‫!و م‪\"o‬د‬
‫`‬ ‫אد `‪1‬‬ ‫‪S$9‬‬

‫` אو‪\"ò‬د ^‬ ‫و م!` \`‬
‫)‬
‫‪،‬‬
‫`‬ ‫אد‬ ‫‪*\D‬‬
‫^‬
‫(‬
‫‪t!`* 2‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪x$‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫و]‪?z‬‬
‫`‬
‫د א‬ ‫`‬
‫ود א‬ ‫`‬
‫*‪` .F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫"\‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫^‪M g‬‬
‫ذ‪t‬‬
‫א‪RS$9‬‬
‫אد‬
‫‪ $‬א \"‪5;$‬אو‪ . *!V‬א "\‪`D U‬‬ ‫א ‪*!%‬و ‪-8،‬‬

‫‪ RS$9‬א ‪-‬‬
‫‪\"#$‬‬ ‫א ‪%‬د א‬ ‫; "\‬
‫א‬
‫``‬ ‫‪``mJ‬‬
‫א د _^ ‪1‬‬
‫`! *`;‪ \"$‬د‪` 7‬‬
‫`‬ ‫א‬ ‫`‬
‫د ‪7‬א‬
‫ود א‬
‫@א‪. *!V‬‬ ‫א ‪*!%‬و ‪،‬‬
‫)‬
‫`` ``?‪RS$9‬‬
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‫א {‪N‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א {‪ N‬א?‪|a 6‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫א?‪|a 6‬‬
‫א {‪N‬‬ ‫א {‪ N‬א?‪ |a 6‬א‬ ‫א?‪ |a 6‬א‬
‫()‬
‫()‬
‫ نود‬N ? K
2
<‫ د‬,‫א‬
vB ‫א‬ B $[v B ‫א‬ B $[
vB ‫א‬ B $[ v B ‫ א‬B $[
3
2 &3 ?
51
@ @ @ @@ @ @ @
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ٍ‫ل م د‬
@ @ @ @@ @ @ @
~ ?N
@ @ @ @@ @ @ @
B ‫ א‬p &4‫ א‬B ‫א‬ p &4‫א‬

B ‫ א‬p &4‫ א‬B ‫ א‬p &4‫א‬
)(
‫א‬
‫ـ‬
10
15
10
5
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‫‪~ ?N‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
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‫‪10‬‬
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‫‪15‬‬
‫? ‪ I‬א‪7‬‬ ‫א ‪? ? 1‬א‬
‫?‬ ‫? ‪ I‬א‪7‬‬ ‫א ‪? ? 1‬א‬
‫?‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫? ‪ I‬א‪7‬‬ ‫א ‪? ? 1‬א‬
‫?‬ ‫? ‪ I‬א‪7‬‬ ‫א ‪? ? 1‬א‬
‫?‬
‫‪ L 6J‬א‪A‬א ود ‪ E$‬א‪,A‬د‪K‬‬ ‫‪ L 6J‬א‪A‬א ود ‪ E$‬א‪,A‬د‪* K‬‬ ‫*‬

‫‪ L 6J‬א‪A‬א ود ‪ E$‬א‪,A‬د‪K‬‬ ‫‪ L 6J‬א‪A‬א ود ‪ E$‬א‪,A‬د‪* K‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫ـ‬
124
‫لو?;‪5‬א‬
‫‪E‬א دو‪!5‬‬
va‫ א‬a‫א‬
3 ‫א‬3 ‫א‬
v
I ‫א‬
I ‫א‬
va‫ א‬va‫א‬
3 ‫א‬3 ‫א‬
I ‫א‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪~4? 2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫~‪4‬א ‪? 2‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א ‪~4? 2‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫~‪4‬א ‪? 2‬‬ ‫א‬
‫אو‪?N‬‬
‫אو‪j\" ?N‬‬
‫‪ :‬אو‪?N‬‬
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‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫אو‪?N‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫א ‪k-‬‬ ‫= ن (* ‪.‬‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪$;* ? ? k‬‬
‫‪ D$‬א ل‪!50‬‬
?N‫ אو‬:
? '
c ‫*) א‬ \"-u 0
‫‪ k‬و "\‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א‬
!5‫א‬
k - ‫א‬5 . *( ‫ن‬
cd - ?
7 F* ‫א‬
‫‪ً9‬‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪* k‬‬
‫"\א ‪!51‬‬
v
‫د‬ [ \K
5
‫*( ن‬ .F* ‫א‬

‫‪(*^ = D‬‬
‫;?لو ‪k‬‬
‫ن (‪k - 5‬‬
‫א‪5‬‬
‫‪ =-‬א‪!5‬‬
‫*( ن ‪k -‬‬
‫^[ א ع * ‪. F‬‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪% ! k‬‬

‫!‬
‫‪ $-$‬א‪5‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫=‬ ‫א ‪ $‬א‪ R‬א‪$;5‬‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪% ! k‬‬

!5‫ א‬E -$
4
k-
- ‫ א‬cd
g.v K
0‫ אد א‬. E -$ ‫ א‬i K F * ‫א‬5;?‫א لو‬

!5‫ א‬x
‫א ‪;I‬‬
‫‪ ;I‬א‪, E :‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‪, E :‬‬
‫א ‪;I‬‬
‫‪ ;I‬א‪, E :‬‬ ‫א‬
‫א‪, E :‬‬
‫‪F‬א * ‪F‬‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪\"dD* © k‬א م‪5‬‬

‫א‪!5‬‬
‫"\م‬
‫"\ ‪% -$;* %‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫"\א د * ‪F‬‬
‫*‬ ‫‪ R‬א ‪ $-‬و‬ ‫‪$‬‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪k‬‬
‫"\א م‪!5‬‬
10
* =* $ %!
‫ق ‪!o‬‬
‫אא א‬
‫‪ S( -‬א‪%! 5‬‬ ‫!א‬ ‫^‬

‫‪13‬‬
‫‪/ .‬‬ ‫א‪5‬‬ ‫‪k‬א *‪F‬‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א‬

!5‫ א‬x
‫"\ل‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪ k‬א * ‪ k * F‬א ‪g R $‬‬
!5‫ א‬x
‫‪12‬‬
‫!א نو ‪(D$‬א ‪(1 4 .‬‬

‫א = ® لو?;‪5‬א * ‪F‬‬
‫"\א م‪!5‬‬
* c$
‫א?‬
‫=‬ ‫[ ‪[ )* d$‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫א‪ S( 5‬א‪ u . %! 5‬א ل ‪=-‬‬
‫‪125‬‬
‫د ‪ * = 1‬لو?;‪5‬א‬
‫‪ =* $‬א‪!5‬‬
‫‪N‬‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪ x $‬א * ‪F‬‬
‫"\א م‪!5‬‬
‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫د‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫א د‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬‫א ‪I‬א د ‪I‬‬

‫א ‪: $ ,‬א‪, $ :‬‬
‫"\‪ً7‬‬ ‫"\‪ $K S( * dD/‬ج ‪g‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫!‪%‬‬
‫א‪!l‬‬ ‫< א!] ‪0‬א‪ R‬א‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪k‬‬
‫"\א م‪!5‬‬
‫א ‪: $ ,‬א‪, $ :‬‬
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‫אو‪?N‬‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫' ?‬
‫‪E‬‬
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I ‫א‬
3 ‫ א‬va‫ א‬3 ‫ א‬va‫א‬
I ‫א‬
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‫*‪k*F‬‬ ‫א ع@ ‪ o‬א ‪b‬‬ ‫? لو?;‪5‬א‬

!5‫ א‬c$
d
20
k*F* ‫*א‬v*
. 1D ‫א‬5;?‫لو‬
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‫‪19‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫"\‪!] ? m‬א‪ R‬א ‪=-‬‬

‫א ‪ $-‬و لو?;‪5‬א‬
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‫‪17‬‬
‫א ‪0‬א ? م ‪ ]$-‬لو?;‪5‬א * ‪k * F‬‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫;‪ -$‬א‪!5‬‬
‫[ لو?;‪5‬א * ‪k * F‬‬ ‫א‬
!5‫א م‬ ¤
v
21
! w ‫م‬E$
‫و‬ ‫*و * ‪F‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪? g‬‬
!5‫ א‬cdD$
cdMS*= ‫ز‬ "\‫ن [ )* ل‬ \"N¤
*
W
23
24
WI WI
‫א‬ ‫א‬
7 )
‫*‪k* F‬א‪z‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫א لو?;‪5‬א]‪b ً * -$‬‬
!5‫ א‬t!
22
-l‫ * א‬v *
. %‫א‬5; ‫אو‬
WI ‫א‬ I ‫א‬
i #$ F * 1 ‫!א‬
y ? x ‫; ! א‬x$ k ‫א‬5;?‫لو‬
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‫! *) ز ?‪7‬א‬
E*
28
‫א‬
? i #$ v * F * ‫ א‬E D#$ k ‫א‬5;?‫لو‬
!5‫ א‬c$d
27
!g‫א\" א‬
25
i
‫‪ =-‬א ?و ‪D‬‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪ x $ k‬א * ‪k * F‬‬
‫"\א م‪!5‬‬
‫‪=-‬‬ ‫* ‪ F‬س ‪@-‬א ?و‬ ‫‪ t! k‬א‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א‬
!54 ‫א‬B
‫‪ d5‬א م‪J‬אد‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪ ;g^ 41\"$ k‬س ‪8 n‬‬
!5‫ א‬c$d
26
29
v K ‫"\[ "\ن‬$
‫"\א‬
5‫א‬
y B i #$ k * F * ‫ א‬x $ k ‫א‬5;?‫لو‬
‫!‬
‫‪126‬‬
‫"\א م‪5‬‬
‫*( ن‬ ‫א لو?;‪5‬א * ‪. F‬‬
‫[א ‪!5¹‬‬
‫‪m‬و‬ ‫‪k‬‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א‬
‫‪ ¤‬א ص‪!5‬‬
‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫د‬
‫א‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫;?‬ ‫א;‬ ‫א‬

‫;?‬ ‫א?;‬ ‫א‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫אو‪?N‬‬
‫' ?‬
‫‪ :‬אو‪?N‬‬
‫‪E‬‬
I ‫א‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫א‬
‫אو‪?N‬‬
‫אو‪j\" ?N‬‬
‫‪ :‬אو‪?N‬‬
I ‫א‬
I ‫א‬
3 ‫ א‬va‫ א‬3 ‫ א‬va‫א‬
?
3 ‫ א‬va‫ א‬3 ‫ א‬va‫א‬
7$ ‫د‬ gS ‫ א‬¢
‫‪\"D‬‬
‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪- k‬‬
‫א س ‪!53‬‬
‫ً א? *‪¹‬‬
‫*= ‪=-‬‬ ‫"\‬
‫‪c‬‬
‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪! $ k‬‬
‫"\א م‪!5‬‬
?z D $ ‫"\*"\א‬
33
F* ? ‫א‬
32
v*F* ‫א‬
?? v
gS/ ¢ k - ‫א‬5;?‫ لو‬. *( ‫ن‬
‫‪\"D‬א ض‪!5‬‬
v \"b5‫א‬
v
gS 1 ‫= د‬ y k - ‫א‬5;?‫ لو‬. *( ‫ن‬
!5‫ א‬c !
‫‪31‬‬
‫‪ =-K‬و?;‪5‬א‬ ‫א لو?;‪5‬א * ‪k * F‬‬

!5‫ א‬x
34
35
[F* 4
‫ن (* ‪ .‬لو?;‪5‬א ‪* m\" k -‬‬
‫"\א م‪!5‬‬
#m‫ אو‬- ? _^
d
\" z
‫"\א د‬dl‫) א‬
37
D U\" ‫ א‬c] ‫ אود‬c]‫ز ?א‬
36
v
gS/ ¢ v?
‫‪\"D‬‬
‫!‬ ‫و?;‪5‬א‬
‫‪ ?S‬אو ز ‪i #$‬‬
‫‪38‬‬
‫‪ n‬א * ‪ F‬א ‪N ¢2‬‬

‫‪39‬‬
‫* ‪ F‬א =‪ -‬א د‪v iD$5‬‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪k‬‬
!5‫? א‬m\"
‫‪ $‬نو *‬ ‫لو?;‪5‬א ‪k‬‬
‫"\א م‪!5‬‬
127
‫^‪!g‬و ?א‬ ‫دد ‪R‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫א‪ va‬א ‪ 3‬א‪ va‬א ‪3‬‬
‫ع‬
‫عא א‬ ‫א‪?$J‬‬ ‫عא‬ ‫‪?$J‬‬
‫عא א‬ ‫‪ ?$J‬א א‪?$J‬‬

‫‪ 3‬א‪ va‬א ‪3‬‬ ‫א‪ va‬א‬
I ‫א‬
I ‫א‬
40
?N‫אو‬
?N‫ אو‬:
F * $51? ‫ א‬o g‫ و‬Q $

D/‫"\א‬w x$ * ? d$ ‫[ *\ א‬
?N‫אو‬
? '
j\" ?N‫אو‬
I ‫א‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫א‬
‫‪ :‬אو‪?N‬‬
‫‪46‬‬
‫א * ‪ . F‬و א א א‪¢ D£‬‬ ‫‪* .‬‬

‫א‬ ‫و ‪5‬א ‪¢‬‬
‫א‪E 5‬‬
‫‪5‬א‬ ‫א א א ذ ‪. ^£‬‬
‫אو ‪E *S‬‬
‫(‬
‫)‬
‫!‪ . %‬א‪J‬אد ‪%‬‬

!o ‫ ط‬Y ‫! א‬-$ ^
8- N $ ‫ א‬d ( ] . * 4‫א‬
2
‫ א‬o
45
44
43
o$
‫‪ -‬א ‪0‬אد‪J‬‬ ‫‪.‬א‬
‫א‪zo 2 4‬‬
‫‪ o‬א‬
‫‪41‬‬
‫‪42‬‬
‫!‪. =9‬‬
‫‪ ¢‬א و א دא\"‪5‬א ‬
‫‪S‬‬
‫!‬
‫‪ o‬א‬
‫‪$‬ج‬
J‫ א‬-
!
!o ‫"\ج‬$ * c
‫!‬
‫!‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ \ g‬عא‪9 ‬א א‪0‬א‬
‫‪47‬‬
‫א‪ du‬א@‬ ‫‪S‬‬

‫!‬
‫א \ ‪9‬د‬
‫א ?א لد‪* 0‬‬ ‫אج ‪ 9‬م‬ ‫‪$‬‬

‫!‬
‫‪ H‬א‪ . A‬א ود‬
‫א‪-d5‬‬
‫‪ N‬א م‪d 1 *\" 5‬‬

‫"\ و‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫‪ g‬لو ‪ R $ ^ 8;D‬א‪ d g R!d S( 5‬אو‪ d J‬א زو ? ‪ .‬م‬
‫א א א‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‪N‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫א א א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‪N‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫א א א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‪N‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫א א א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ J‬א‪N‬‬
‫‪49‬‬
‫‪48‬‬
‫?‬
‫‪53‬‬
‫א‪d 1 F 5‬‬
‫א‪\"o\"5‬א ‪% .‬د‬
‫!‬ ‫!‪ %‬و*‬

!o 0‫ ? א‬c
‫‪B‬س ? ‪! $ 4‬‬
‫ز ?א ?و‪t! 1‬‬
‫‪51‬‬
‫( ‪ =P 6‬א‪ S( 5‬א א א ذ ‪^£‬و‬

‫‪ l * =-‬ق ‪ 1‬و ن ‪=-‬‬
‫‪55‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪ x‬א‪ g 5‬א )* *! ‪5‬א?‪9‬‬
‫‪54‬‬
‫!‪b;$ %‬א\"‪5‬א ل ‪4 ^ $ -‬‬

‫‪ |J‬د ‪ T‬א‪!o iM‬‬
‫א א! ‪5‬אو د@‬
‫א‬
‫‪52‬‬
‫!] א‬
‫א‬ ‫‪ $‬א ‪ < . t‬א و אو! א ‪-$oJ0‬‬ ‫‪ . A‬א ‪0‬א! ^و‬
‫‪128‬‬

سلوكيات القيادة التحويلية واثرها على الابداع التنظيمي

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سلوكيات القيادة التحويلية واثرها على الابداع التنظيمي

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‫א‬

‫< < < << < < <‬

‫دא !! \"دא‬ ‫"\ !!‬

‫‪,‬‬ ‫א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪-. ( / $0-. ( / $0‬‬

‫ل‬ ‫א‪ A‬אل‪A‬‬

< K‫ د‬L@ 4‫ א‬K

H!! !I!J!! !I!J

ZK‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ <= >E@ K

E$ ‫א ود‬A‫ א‬L 6J * E$ ‫א ود‬A‫ א‬L 6J *

‫('& ‪# $ %‬‬ ‫אو *)& אو‬

‫‪i' $‬‬ ‫א' ‪$‬‬ ‫א‬

j\" j\" j\" j\"

J ' n‫د _ ` و‬,‫ _ و‬oJ ' n‫د _ ` و‬,‫ _ و‬o

J ' n‫د _ ` و‬,‫ _ و‬o J ' n‫د _ ` و‬,‫ _ و‬o

c= ,‫א‬ ‫א‬ c= ,‫א‬ ‫א‬

c= ,‫א‬ ‫א‬ c= ,‫א‬ ‫א‬

f$u6 ‫אو @א‬ ‫א‬ K B? f$u6 ‫אو @א‬ ‫א‬K B?

‫@‪u a‬‬‫א‬ ‫@‪u a‬‬

‫@‪u a‬‬‫א‬ ‫@‪u a‬‬

‫‪I6‬‬ ‫א‪6‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪ v6I‬א‪A‬لو‬ ‫‪ v6I‬א‪A‬אو‬ ‫א‬

‫‪ v6I‬א‪A‬لو‬ ‫‪ v6I‬א‪A‬אلو‬ ‫א‬

‫א‪ ;*A‬ل‬ ‫@‪a‬‬

‫א‪,‬‬ ‫م‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫א ‪ [ ,‬א א‪,‬‬ ‫م‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫א‪[,‬א‬

‫‪W d‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫{‬ ‫א‪|P 4‬‬

‫א‪,‬‬ ‫‪864‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪ I B‬א ‪:3‬א‪a‬‬ ‫א‬

‫ع‬ ‫א‪ o 4‬א‪o 4‬‬

‫‪i‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫א‬ ‫~‬ ‫א‬

‫‪Z‬‬ ‫و א‪,‬‬ ‫‪L‬א‬ ‫?‬

‫א‪Z K,‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫[‪B $‬‬

‫‪ZJ $‬‬ ‫و א‪,‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪ NA‬دא‬ ‫א {‪N‬‬ ‫א א‪4 {2‬א‬

‫א‪? B4,‬‬ ‫ل ‪67‬א ‪,‬د ‪?6‬و‬ ‫א‬ ‫א אود‬

L‫א‬ ‫אא‬ ‫א‬

o I ‫ א‬, $ h\"‫ و‬v ‫? א‬a K oI ‫א‬, $ h\"‫ و‬v ‫? א‬a K

‫‪o‬ع‬ ‫א‪ o 4‬א‪4‬‬

‫‪v6I‬‬ ‫‪ F@,6I‬א‬ ‫‪ F@,‬א‬

‫لوא‬ ‫‪T T‬‬‫אوא‬ ‫א‬

‫‪I6‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪I6‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪o‬ع‬ ‫א‪ o 4‬אع‪4‬‬

‫‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬لو‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬لو‬

‫‪A\" ; 1\"$‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫;‪\"$‬‬

‫‪A\" ; 1\"$‬‬ ‫א \"‪*;$‬و‬

‫‪A\" ; 1\"$‬‬ ‫א \"‪*;$‬و‬

‫‪ I6‬א ‪I6‬‬ ‫א‬

‫‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬و‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬لو‬

‫‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬لو‪ F@,‬א‪ T‬لو‬

‫‪v6I‬‬ ‫‪ F@,6I‬א‬ ‫‪ F@,‬א‬

‫لوא‬ ‫‪T T‬‬

‫لوא‬ ‫‪T T‬‬

‫‪<C$‬א ‪8 B54‬‬ ‫א <‬ ‫‪$9 LM‬א‬ ‫‪$‬‬

< $9‫ א‬LM $

‫!א‬ ‫‪1‬א‪J‬‬ ‫"\א א ! א‬

‫‪8- N $‬‬ ‫!א عא‬ ‫א‪J‬‬

< $9‫ א‬LM $

‫‪E D#$‬‬ ‫א <‬ ‫‪$9 LM‬א‬ ‫‪$‬‬

.F* ‫א‬ \"

‫א‪%‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫; "\‬

‫لوא‬ ‫‪T T‬‬‫אلوא‬ ‫א‬

‫لوא‬ ‫‪T T‬‬‫אوא‬ ‫א‬

‫‪8- $‬‬ ‫*א \"‪5;$‬א ‪42$‬‬

‫א \"‪5;$‬א ‪8- $‬‬

‫‪=-‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫‪T‬‬

‫‪ NA‬دא‬ ‫א {‪N‬‬ ‫א א‪4 {2‬א‬

D U\" ‫ א‬. !V‫ א‬%!

‫ل‬ ;A ;A ‫אل‬ ‫א‬

‫‪ $‬א \"‪5`;$‬אو‪. `!V‬‬ ‫א ‪`!%‬و ‪-`8،‬‬

@‫ א‬D U\" ‫ א‬. !V‫ א‬%!